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Siege Of Damascus (1229)
The siege of Damascus of 1229 was part of an Ayyubid succession war over Damascus that broke out following the death of al-Muʿaẓẓam I in 1227. The late ruler's son, al-Nāṣir Dāʾūd, took ''de facto'' control of the city in opposition to al-Kāmil, the Ayyubid sultan in Egypt. In the ensuing war, al-Nāṣir lost Damascus but preserved his autonomy, ruling from al-Karak. Sources and background The main sources for the siege are Ibn Wāṣil's ''Mufarrij'' and ''Taʾrīkh al-Ṣāliḥī'', Abū Shāma's ''al-Dhayl ʿalaʾl-rawḍatayn'', Ibn al-Athīr's '' al-Kāmil fi ʾl-tāʾrīkh'', Kamāl al-Dīn Ibn al-ʿAdīm' ''Zubdat al-Ḥalab min tāʾrīkh Ḥalab'', Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī's ''Mirʾāt al-Zamān'', Ibn Abi ʾl-Dam's ''al-Shamārīkh'' and al-Makīn ibn al-ʿAmīd's chronicle. Ibn Wāṣil, Abū Shāma and Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī were eyewitnesses of the siege. Abū Shāma provides the most precise dating. Within the Ayyubid realm, the sultan of Egypt was suzerain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Arab world#Asia , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Damascus within Syria , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_name1 = Damascus Governorate, Capital City , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_title = Governor , leader_name = Mohammad Tariq Kreishati , parts_type = Municipalities , parts = 16 , established_title = , established_date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Makīn Ibn Al-ʿAmīd
Jirjis al-Makīn ( ar, جرجس امكين ; 1205–1273), known by his ''nisba'' Ibn al-ʿAmīd ( ar, بن العميد), was a Coptic Christian historian who wrote in Arabic. His name is sometimes anglicised as George Elmacin ( la, Georgius Elmacinus). Life The details of his life come from passages at the end of his own history. He was born in Cairo in Ayyubid Egypt in 1205. His full name in Arabic was Ğirğis (George) ibn Abī ūl-Yāsir ibn Abī ūl-Mukārīm ibn Abī ūṭ-Ṭayyib al-ʿAmīd al-Makīn ("the Powerful One"). His great grandfather was a merchant from Tikrit in Iraq who settled in Egypt. He was a Coptic Christian, and held high office in the military ('' dīwān al-ğayš'') in Cairo. Such a position carried risks. He was twice imprisoned, possibly because of links to the contemporary unrest in Syria at the time of the Mongol invasion; in one case for over a decade.Gawdat Gabra, ''Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church'', Scarecrow Press (2008), . p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fakhr Al-Dīn Ibn Al-Shaykh
Fakhr al-Din ibn al-Shaykh (before 1211 – 8 February 1250) was an Egyptian emir of the Ayyubid dynasty. He served as a diplomat for sultan al-Kamil from 1226 to 1228 in his negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II leading to the end of the Sixth Crusade. He later commanded forces during the Seventh Crusade, dying at the Battle of al-Mansura in 1250. First embassy Fakhr al-Din's ancestors came from Khorasan. His family was known as the Awlad al-Shaykh. His brothers were Imad al-Din and Mu'in al-Din. Fakhr al-Din's first appearance in the historical record is as a diplomat. In late 1220 or early 1221, al-Kamil sent him to his brother, al-Ashraf, then ruling from Sinjar, to request assistance against the army of the Fifth Crusade. The mission was a not a success. The Sixth Crusade In 1226, Fakhr al-Din was sent by sultan al-Kamil on a diplomatic mission to Sicily to the court of Frederick II, attempting to forestall the imminent Sixth Crusade, again hoping to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shaghur, Damascus
Al-Shaghour ( ar, ٱلشَّاغُور, aš-Šāḡūr) is a municipality and a neighborhood located in the old walled city of Damascus, Syria, south and east of the Old City, and east of al-Midan. Al-Shaghour is one of the oldest recorded neighborhoods in the city. The traditional neighborhood is divided into the part located within the Old City walls, known as Shaghour al-Juwani, and the much larger part located outside the walls. The latter part has become a municipality known as ''al-Shaghour''. Old al-Shaghour is separated from al-Midan to the west by Al-Beit Street and from Harat al-Yahud (Jewish Quarter) by Al-Ameen Street. The latter, named after a prominent Shiite figure, is the main road in the neighborhood and accommodates the market place and the main shops. Al-Shaghour is also home to many of the prominent Shia Muslim families of Damascus. History During the French mandate, part of the neighborhood, known as "Shaghour al-Juwani" was located within the Old City walls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Salih Ismail, Emir Of Damascus
Al-Malik al-Salih Imad al-Din Ismail bin Saif al-Din Ahmad better known as al-Salih Ismail ( ar, الصالح إسماعيل) was the Ayyubid sultan based in Damascus. He reigned twice, once in 1237 and then again from 1239 to 1245. In 1237, al-Salih Ismail's brother,Abulafia and McKitterick, p.612. al-Ashraf, the ruler of Damascus died. Ismail succeeded him and two months later, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, al-Kamil, sent forces to besiege the city. Ismail had the suburbs of Damascus burned to prevent the Egyptian forces shelter. On al-Kamil's death his son al-Adil II occupied Damascus after his brother al-Salih Ayyub, the ruler of al-Jazira, revealed his intentions to succeed al-Kamil as sultan in Egypt. Ayyub was invited to take over Damascus by some of the local governors of Syria and accomplished the conquest in December 1238. Initially, Ismail, who was already governor (emir) of Bosra and Baalbek, allied himself with Ayyub. In August 1239, Ayyub began pressuring Ismail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homs
Homs ( , , , ; ar, حِمْص / ALA-LC: ; Levantine Arabic: / ''Ḥomṣ'' ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa ( ; grc, Ἔμεσα, Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is Metres above sea level, above sea level and is located north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast. Before the Syrian Civil War, Homs was a major industrial centre, and with a population of at least 652,609 people in 2004, it was the third-largest city in Syria after Aleppo to the north and the capital Damascus to the south. Its population reflects Syria's general religious diversity, composed of Sunni and Alawite Muslims, and Eastern Christianity, Christians. There are a number of historic mosques and churches in the city, and it is close to the Krak des Chevaliers castle, a World Heritage Site. Homs did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st century BCE a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia#Syria Aleppo , pushpin_label_position = left , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aleppo in Syria , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict , subdivision_name1 = Aleppo Governorate , subdivision_name2 = Mount Simeon (Jabal Semaan) , subdivision_name3 = Mount Simeon ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabi' Al-Thani
Rabiʽ al-Thani ( ar, رَبِيع ٱلثَّانِي, Rabīʿ ath-Thānī, lit=The second Rabi, also known as Rabi' al-Akhirah ( ar, رَبِيع ٱلْآخِرَة, link=no, Rabi' al-ʾĀkhirah, lit=The final Rabi), Rabi al-Akhir (), or Rabi' II is the fourth month of the Islamic calendar. The name ''Rabī‘ al-Thani'' means "the second spring" in Arabic, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar. In the days of the Ottoman Empire, the name of this month in Ottoman Turkish was ''Rèbi' ul-aher'', with the Turkish abbreviation ''Rè'', or ''Reb.-ul-Akh.'' in western European languages. In modern Turkish, it is ''Rebiülahir'' or ''Rebiülsani''. Meaning The word "Rabi" means "spring" and Al-thani means "the second" in the Arabic language, so "Rabi' al-Thani" means "the second spring" in Arabic. As the Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-Thani can fall in spring or any other season. Therefor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḥarrān
Harran (), historically known as Carrhae ( el, Kάρραι, Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border crossing with Syria at Akçakale. Harran was founded at some point between the 25th and 20th centuries BC as a merchant colony by Sumerian traders from Ur. Over the course of its early history, Harran rapidly grew into a major Mesopotamian cultural, commercial and religious center. It was made a religiously and politically influential city through its association with the moon-god Sin; many prominent Mesopotamian rulers consulted with and renovated the moon-temple of Ekhulkhul in Harran. Harran came under Assyrian rule under Adad-nirari I ( BC) and became a provincial capital often second in importance only to the Assyrian capital of Assur itself. During the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, Harran briefly served as the final capital o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Crusade
The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), also known as the Crusade of Frederick II, was a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actual fighting. The diplomatic maneuvering of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily, Frederick II, resulted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem regaining some control over Jerusalem for much of the ensuing fifteen years as well as over other areas of the Holy Land. Western Europe after the Fifth Crusade The Fifth Crusade ended in 1221, having accomplished nothing. Despite numerous promises, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, never joined the campaign, despite his vow to do so. The forces he sent to Egypt arrived too late to make a difference in the debacle, partially due to the lack of effective leadership. They would have to wait for many more years for Frederick's actions. When Pope Innocent III died in 1216, his successor Honorius III did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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