''Tetragnatha'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of long-jawed orb-weavers found all over the world. It was first described by

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...

in 1804, and it contains hundreds of species. Most occur in the

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropics The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and ...

, and many can run over water. They are commonly called ''stretch spiders'' in reference to their elongated body form and their ability to hide on blades of

grass Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

or similar elongated substrates by stretching their front

legs A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts". The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element ...

forward and the others behind them. The name ''Tetragnatha'' is derived from Greek, ''tetra-'' a

numerical prefix Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from Numeral (linguistics), numerals or occasionally other numbers. In English and many other languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words. For example: * unicycle, bicycle, tricycle (1 ...

referring to

four 4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. In mathematics Four is the smallest c ...

and ''gnatha'' meaning "

jaw The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term ''jaws'' is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serv ...

". Evolution to cursorial behavior occurred long ago in a few different species, the most studied being those found on the Hawaiian islands. One of the biggest and most common species is '' T. extensa'', which has a

holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

distribution. It can be found near lakes, river banks or swamps. Large numbers of individuals can often be found in reeds, tall grass, and around minor trees and shrubs.

Cursorial Species Found on Hawaiian Archipelago

The Tetragnatha spiders found on the Hawaiian archipelago are believed to have no more than three colonization events, two from web building species and one from cursorial species. This is because a species of mainland Tetragnatha spider was found to be more closely related to web building spiders on the Hawaiian islands than the cursorial species. This means that the divergence of web building and cursorial spiders must have occurred off the islands. There have been many events of cursorial evolution in various spider species around the world, including a few Tetragnatha species, although many species have not been thoroughly studied. The factors leading to this change of behavior is not well understood, although study of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha species can lead to some suggestions. Environmental factors, such as landscape and prey diversity play an important role in influencing the structure of webs in web building spiders. This could be a reasonable explanation for the loss of web function and evolving to a cursorial behavior.

Species

it contains 320 species and ten subspecies, found all over the world, including

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

: *'' T. acuta'' Gillespie, 1992 –

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

*'' T. aenea'' Cantor, 1842 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

*'' T. aetherea'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1894) –

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

*'' T. albida'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii *'' T. americana'' Simon, 1905 –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

*'' T. amoena'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. anamitica''

Walckenaer Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant and scientist. Biography Walckenaer was born in Paris and studied at the universities of Oxford and Glasgow. In 1793 he was appointed head of t ...

, 1841 –

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

*'' T. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 –

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

(Andaman Is.),

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

*'' T. andonea'' Lawrence, 1927 –

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

*'' T. angolaensis'' Okuma & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1988 –

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

*'' T. anguilla'' Thorell, 1877 –

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

(

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

), New Guinea,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

*'' T. angulata'' Hogg, 1914 – Australia (

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

) *'' T. anuenue'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii *'' T. argentinensis'' Mello-Leitão, 1931 – Argentina *'' T. argyroides'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina *'' T. armata'' Karsch, 1892 –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

*'' T. atriceps''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...

, 1898 –

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

*'' T. atristernis''

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline *Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa *Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street, ...

, 1913 –

Central Africa Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, ...

*'' T. australis'' (Mello-Leitão, 1945) – Argentina *'' T. baculiferens'' Hingston, 1927 –

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

*'' T. bandapula'' Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013 – China *'' T. beccarii'' Caporiacco, 1947 –

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

*'' T. bengalensis'' Walckenaer, 1841 – India *'' T. bicolor'' White, 1841 – Australia (

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

) *'' T. bidentata'' Roewer, 1951 – Chile *'' T. biseriata'' Thorell, 1881 – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (

New Britain New Britain ( tpi, Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dam ...

), Australia (

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

) *'' T. bishopi'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana *'' T. bituberculata''

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1867 –

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

, New Guinea, Australia *'' T. boeleni'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' T. bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay,

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

(

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

, India,

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

, China *'' T. boninensis'' Okuma, 1981 – Japan *'' T. brachychelis'' Caporiacco, 1947 –

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

*'' T. branda''

Levi Levi (; ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's third son), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Levi (the Levites, including the Kohanim) and the great-grandfather of Aaron, Moses and M ...

, 1981 – USA *'' T. brevignatha'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. bryantae'' Roewer, 1951 –

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

*'' T. caffra'' (Strand, 1909) –

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

*'' T. cambridgei'' Roewer, 1942 – Mexico,

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

, Puerto Rico *'' T. caudata''

Emerton Emerton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Andrew Emerton (born 1972), British Anglican priest and Bishop-designate of Sherwood * Audrey Emerton, Baroness Emerton (born 1935), British nurse and politician * Brett Emerton (born ...

, 1884 – North, Central America,

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

*'' T. caudicula'' (Karsch, 1879) –

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

(Far East), China,

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

, Japan *'' T. caudifera'' (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

) *'' T. cavaleriei'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' T. cephalothoracis'' Strand, 1906 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

*'' T. ceylonica''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1869 – South Africa, Seychelles, India,

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, New Guinea, Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' T. chamberlini'' (Gajbe, 2004) – India *'' T. chauliodus'' (Thorell, 1890) – India, Myanmar to New Guinea, Japan *'' T. cheni'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. chinensis'' (

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are severa ...

, 1924) – China *'' Tetragnatha chiyokoae'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — China, Taiwan, Japan *'' T. chrysochlora'' ( Audouin, 1826) –

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

*'' T. cladognatha'' Bertkau, 1880 –

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*'' T. clavigera'' Simon, 1887 –

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierra ...

, Ivory Coast, Central Africa, Congo *'' T. cochinensis'' Gravely, 1921 – India *'' T. coelestis''

Pocock Pocock is a surname, and may refer to: *Andrew Pocock (born 1955), British High Commissioner to Nigeria * Barbara Pocock, one of the candidates of the 2022 Australian federal election * Bill Pocock (1884–1959), English footballer * Blair Pocock ...

, 1901 – India *'' T. cognata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama *'' T. conica'' Grube, 1861 – Russia (Far East) *'' T. crassichelata'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' T. cuneiventris'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. cylindracea'' (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) *'' T. cylindrica'' Walckenaer, 1841 – New Guinea, Australia,

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...

*'' T. cylindriformis'' Lawrence, 1952 – Congo *'' T. dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 –

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

, Russia (

to Far East) *'' T. delumbis'' Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' T. demissa'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, South Africa, Tanzania, Seychelles,

Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...

*'' T. dentatidens'' Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Congo *'' T. desaguni'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' T. determinata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka *'' T. digitata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Mexico,

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

*'' T. eberhardi'' Okuma, 1992 –

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

*'' T. elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, Caribbean **'' Tetragnatha e. debilis'' Thorell, 1877 – USA **'' Tetragnatha e. principalis'' Thorell, 1877 – USA **'' Tetragnatha e. undulata'' Thorell, 1877 – USA *'' T. elyunquensis'' Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico *'' T. esakii'' Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan *'' T. eumorpha'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. eurychasma'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. exigua''

Chickering Chickering may refer to: * Chickering, Suffolk, a place in Suffolk, England * Chickering & Sons, the piano company that was created by Jonas Chickering * Arthur M. Chickering, an arachnologist * Arthur W. Chickering, a researcher of student devel ...

, 1957 – Jamaica *'' T. exquista'' Saito, 1933 – Japan *'' T. extensa'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) ( type) – North America,

, Europe,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East),

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan **'' Tetragnatha e. brachygnatha'' Thorell, 1873 –

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

, Russia (Kamchatka) **'' Tetragnatha e. maracandica'' Charitonov, 1951 – Iran, Central Asia **'' Tetragnatha e. pulchra'' Kulczyński, 1891 –

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

*'' T. fallax'' Thorell, 1881 – Indonesia *'' T. farri'' Chickering, 1962 – Jamaica *'' T. filiciphilia'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. filiformata'' Roewer, 1942 – Guyana *'' T. filigastra'' Mello-Leitão, 1943 – Brazil *'' T. filipes'' Schenkel, 1936 – China *'' T. filum'' Simon, 1907 – Congo,

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

(

Bioko Bioko (; historically Fernando Po; bvb, Ëtulá Ëria) is an island off the west coast of Africa and the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea. Its population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of . The island is located of ...

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

*'' T. flagellans'' Hasselt, 1882 – Indonesia (

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

) *'' T. flava'' (Audouin, 1826) – Egypt *'' T. flavida'' Urquhart, 1891 –

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

*'' T. fletcheri'' Gravely, 1921 – India, Bangladesh *'' T. foai'' Simon, 1902 – Central,

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

*'' T. foliferens'' Hingston, 1927 – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' T. foveata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is., Maldive Is. *'' T. fragilis'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama *'' T. franganilloi'' Brignoli, 1983 – Cuba *'' T. friedericii'' Strand, 1913 – New Guinea *'' T. gemmata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland) *'' T. geniculata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka to China, Vietnam *'' T. gertschi'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama *'' T. gibbula'' Roewer, 1942 –

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

*'' T. gongshan'' Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China *'' T. gracilis'' (Bryant, 1923) – USA, Antigua,

Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ...

*'' T. gracillima'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' T. granti'' Pocock, 1903 – Yemen (

Socotra Socotra or Soqotra (; ar, سُقُطْرَىٰ ; so, Suqadara) is an island of the Republic of Yemen in the Indian Ocean, under the ''de facto'' control of the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist participant in Yemen’s ...

) *'' T. gressitti'' Okuma, 1988 –

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

*'' T. gressittorum'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica *'' T. gui'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. hamata'' Thorell, 1898 – Myanmar *'' T. hasselti'' Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia (Sulawesi) **'' Tetragnatha h. birmanica'' Sherriffs, 1919 – Myanmar *'' T. hastula'' Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone,

Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...

, São Tomé and Príncipe *'' T. hawaiensis'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. heongi'' Barrion & Barrion-Dupo, 2011 – China *'' T. hirashimai'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. hiroshii'' Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan *'' T. hulli'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela *'' T. insularis'' Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) *'' T. insulata'' Hogg, 1913 – Falkland Is. *'' T. insulicola'' Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) *'' T. intermedia'' Kulczyński, 1891 – Madeira, Portugal to Turkey *'' T. iriomotensis'' Okuma, 1991 – Japan (

Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...

) *'' T. irridescens''

Stoliczka ''Stoliczka'' is a genus of Pakistani nursery web spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1885. it contains only two species, found only in Pakistan: '' S. affinis'' and '' S. insignis''. See also * List of Pisauridae ...

, 1869 – India *'' T. isidis'' (Simon, 1880) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Kazakhstan to India *'' T. iwahigensis'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' T. jaculator'' Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China, New Guinea. Introduced to Barbados,

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

*'' T. javana'' (Thorell, 1890) – Africa,

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

*'' T. jejuna'' (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar *'' T. josephi'' Okuma, 1988 – India,

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

*'' T. jubensis'' Pavesi, 1895 – Ethiopia *'' T. kamakou'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. kapua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. *'' T. kauaiensis'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. kea'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii *'' T. keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, Polynesia *'' T. khanjahani'' Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1996 – Bangladesh *'' T. kikokiko'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii *'' T. kiwuana'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa *'' T. klossi'' Hogg, 1919 – Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' T. kolosvaryi'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya *'' T. kukuhaa'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii *'' T. kukuiki'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii *'' T. labialis'' Nicolet, 1849 – Chile *'' T. laboriosa'' Hentz, 1850 – North, Central America *'' T. laminalis'' Strand, 1907 – East Africa *'' T. lancinans'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea *'' T. laochenga'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' T. laqueata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Japan (Ogasawara Is.) to South Pacific Is. *'' T. latro'' Tullgren, 1910 – East Africa *'' T. lauta'' Yaginuma, 1959 – China (

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

), Korea,

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

, Taiwan, Japan *'' T. lea'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia (Far East), Japan, Korea? *'' T. lena'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii *'' T. lepida'' Rainbow, 1916 – Australia (Queensland) *'' T. levii'' Okuma, 1992 – Mexico *'' T. lewisi'' Chickering, 1962 – Jamaica *'' T. limu'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii *'' T. linearis'' Nicolet, 1849 –

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

, Chile *'' T. lineatula'' Roewer, 1942 – Malaysia *'' T. linyphioides'' Karsch, 1878 –

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

*'' T. llavaca'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' T. longidens'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina, Brazil *'' T. luculenta'' Simon, 1907 –

Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ) ...

*'' T. luteocincta'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' T. mabelae'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama, Trinidad *'' T. macilenta'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Norfolk Is.) to French Polynesia (Society Is.) *'' T. macracantha'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. macrops'' Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe *'' T. maculata'' Blackwall, 1865 – Cape Verde Is. *'' T. maeandrata'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' T. maka'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii *'' T. makiharai'' Okuma, 1977 – Russia (Far East), Japan (mainland, Ryukyu Is.) *'' T. mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Guyana, Brazil,

West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Maurit ...

, India to Philippines, Australia *'' T. maralba'' Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra) *'' T. margaritata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland) *'' T. marginata'' (Thorell, 1890) – Myanmar to New Caledonia *'' T. marquesiana''

Berland Berland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bjørn Berland (born 1977), Norwegian footballer *Eliezer Berland (born 1937), Israeli Breslov rabbi * François Berland (born 1958), French actor *Gary Berland (1950–1988), Americ ...

, 1935 – Marquesas Is. *'' T. martinicensis'' Dierkens, 2011 – Martinique *'' T. mawambina'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa *'' Tetragnatha megalocera'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — Brazil *'' T. mengsongica'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. mertoni'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) *'' T. mexicana'' Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Panama *'' T. micrura'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea, Solomon Is. *'' T. minitabunda'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 –

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

*'' T. modica'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea *'' T. mohihi'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. montana'' Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia **'' Tetragnatha m. timorensis'' Schenkel, 1944 – Timor *'' T. monticola'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. moua'' Gillespie, 2003 –

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austr ...

*'' T. moulmeinensis'' Gravely, 1921 – Myanmar *'' T. multipunctata'' Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand *'' T. nana'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. nandan'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. nepaeformis''

Doleschall Carl Ludwig Doleschall ( hu, Doleschall Lajos; sk, Karol Ľudovít Doležal; born 15 July 1827 – died 26 February 1859) was born in Vág-Újhely, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia), as the son of the theolo ...

, 1859 – Indonesia (Java) *'' T. nero''

Butler A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some a ...

, 1876 –

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

(Rodriguez) *'' T. netrix'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. nigricans'' Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand *'' T. nigrigularis'' Simon, 1898 – Seychelles *'' T. nigrita'' Lendl, 1886 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Japan *'' T. niokolona'' Roewer, 1961 –

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

*'' T. nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) – Asia. Introduced to the Americas, Madeira, Canary Is., Mediterranean,

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

, Pacific islands, New Zealand *'' T. nitidiuscula'' Simon, 1907 – West Africa *'' T. nitidiventris'' Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau *'' T. notophilla'' Boeris, 1889 –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*'' T. noumeensis'' Berland, 1924 –

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

*'' T. novia'' Simon, 1901 – Malaysia *'' T. nubica'' Denis, 1955 –

Niger ) , official_languages = , languages_type = National languagesT. obscura'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii *'' T. obscuriceps'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *'' T. obtusa''

C. L. Koch Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 – 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was born ...

, 1837 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia **'' Tetragnatha o. corsica'' Simon, 1929 –

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

(

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

) *'' T. oculata'' Denis, 1955 – Niger *'' T. okumae'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' T. olindana'' Karsch, 1880 – Polynesia *'' T. oomua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. *'' T. oreobia'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. orizaba'' (Banks, 1898) – Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica *'' T. oubatchensis'' Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia *'' T. palikea'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii *'' T. pallescens'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, Caribbean *'' T. pallida'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Costa Rica, Panama *'' T. paludicola'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. paludis'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *'' T. panopea'' L. Koch, 1872 - Polynesia and

Lord Howe Island Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland P ...

Marples, B. J
"Spiders from some Pacific islands, II."
(1957) *'' T. papuana'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea *'' T. paradisea'' Pocock, 1901 – India *'' T. paradoxa'' Okuma, 1992 – Costa Rica *'' T. paraguayensis'' (Mello-Leitão, 1939) –

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

*'' T. parva'' Badcock, 1932 – Paraguay *'' T. parvula'' Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' T. paschae'' Berland, 1924 – Easter Is. *'' T. perkinsi'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. perreirai'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. phaeodactyla'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea *'' T. pilosa'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. pinicola'' L. Koch, 1870 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' T. piscatoria'' Simon, 1898 – Caribbean *'' T. planata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka *'' T. plena'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China *'' T. polychromata'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. praedonia'' L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), China, Laos, Korea, Taiwan, Japan *'' T. priamus'' Okuma, 1987 – Solomon Is. *'' T. protensa'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Madagascar to Australia, New Caledonia,

Palau Palau,, officially the Republic of Palau and historically ''Belau'', ''Palaos'' or ''Pelew'', is an island country and microstate in the western Pacific. The nation has approximately 340 islands and connects the western chain of the Caro ...

Is. *'' T. pseudonitens'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' T. puella'' Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia (Sumatra), New Guinea *'' T. pulchella'' Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi) *'' T. punua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. *'' T. quadrinotata'' Urquhart, 1893 – Australia (Tasmania) *'' T. quasimodo'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. quechua'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru *'' T. radiata'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' T. rava'' Gillespie, 2003 – Tahiti *'' T. reimoseri'' (Rosca, 1939) – Central,

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...

*'' Tetragnatha renatoi'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina *'' T. reni'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. restricta'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. retinens'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China *'' T. rimandoi'' Barrion, 1998 – Philippines *'' T. rimitarae'' Strand, 1911 – Polynesia *'' T. riveti'' Berland, 1913 –

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

*'' T. roeweri'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya *'' T. rossi'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' T. rouxi'' (Berland, 1924) – New Caledonia *'' T. rubriventris'' Doleschall, 1857 – New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) *'' T. scopus'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru *'' T. serra'' Doleschall, 1857 – Thailand to China (Hong Kong), New Guinea *'' T. shanghaiensis'' Strand, 1907 – China *'' T. shinanoensis'' Okuma & Chikuni, 1978 – Korea, Japan *'' T. shoshone'' Levi, 1981 – USA,

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, Europe, Kazakhstan,

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

, China *'' T. sidama'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *'' T. signata'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea *'' T. similis'' Nicolet, 1849 – Chile *'' T. simintina'' Roewer, 1961 – Senegal *'' T. sinuosa'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama *'' T. sobrina'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. sociella'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China *'' T. squamata'' Karsch, 1879 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan *'' T. stelarobusta'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. stellarum'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *'' T. sternalis'' Nicolet, 1849 – Chile *'' T. stimulifera'' Simon, 1907 – Congo *'' T. straminea'' Emerton, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba *'' T. strandi'' Lessert, 1915 – East, Southern Africa **'' Tetragnatha s. melanogaster''

Schmidt Schmidt may refer to: * Schmidt (surname), including list of people with the surname * Schmidt (singer) (born 1990), German pop and jazz singer * Schmidt (lunar crater), a small lunar impact crater * Schmidt (Martian crater), a List of craters on ...

& Krause, 1993 –

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

*'' T. streichi'' Strand, 1907 – China *'' T. striata'' L. Koch, 1862 – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan *'' T. subclavigera'' Strand, 1907 – Congo *'' T. subesakii'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. subextensa'' Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico *'' T. subsquamata'' Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South Africa *'' T. suoan'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. sutherlandi'' Gravely, 1921 – India *'' T. tahuata'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. *'' T. tanigawai'' Okuma, 1988 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' T. tantalus'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. taylori'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South Africa *'' T. tenera'' Thorell, 1881 – India, Sri Lanka, Australia (Queensland) *'' T. tenuis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama *'' T. tenuissima'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Mexico, Caribbean to Brazil *'' T. tincochacae'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru *'' T. tipula'' (Simon, 1894) – West Africa *'' T. tonkina'' Simon, 1909 – Vietnam *'' T. torrensis'' Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is. *'' T. trichodes'' Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia *'' T. tristani'' Banks, 1909 – Costa Rica *'' T. trituberculata'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. tuamoaa'' Gillespie, 2003 – Society Is. *'' T. tullgreni'' Lessert, 1915 – Central, East Africa *'' T. uluhe'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii *'' T. uncifera'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii *'' T. unicornis'' Tullgren, 1910 – East, South Africa *'' T. vacillans'' (Butler, 1876) – Mauritius (Rodriguez) *'' T. valida'' Keyserling, 1887 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania) *'' T. vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil *'' T. versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, Cuba *'' T. virescens'' Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Philippines *'' T. viridis'' Walckenaer, 1841 – USA, Canada *'' T. viridorufa'' Gravely, 1921 – India *'' T. visenda'' Chickering, 1957 – Jamaica *'' T. waikamoi'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii *'' T. yalom'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.), Australia (Queensland) *'' T. yesoensis'' Saito, 1934 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' T. yinae'' Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China *'' T. yongquiang'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. zangherii'' (Caporiacco, 1926) – Italy *'' T. zhaoi'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. zhaoya'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China *'' T. zhuzhenrongi'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China In synonymy: *''T. aduncata'' Wang, 1991 = ''Tetragnatha hasselti'' Thorell, 1890 *''T. alba'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = ''Tetragnatha laboriosa'' Hentz, 1850 *''T. amplidens'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. andina'' Taczanowski, 1878 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. anirensis'' Strand, 1915 = ''Tetragnatha biseriata'' Thorell, 1881 *''T. antillana'' Simon, 1897 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. apheles'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha mexicana'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. aptans'' Chamberlin, 1920 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. banksi'' McCook, 1894 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 *''T. bemalcuei'' Mello-Leitão, 1939 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. borealis'' L. Koch, 1879 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 *''T. boydi'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. boydi'' Tullgren, 1910 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. caporiaccoi'' Platnick, 1993 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. casula'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. cliens'' Chamberlin, 1924 = ''Tetragnatha nigrita'' Lendl, 1886 *''T. conformans'' Chamberlin, 1924 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. confraterna'' Banks, 1909 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. convexa'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. coreana'' Seo & Paik, 1981 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884 *''T. culicivora'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. decipiens'' Badcock, 1932 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. dentigera'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. earmra'' Levi, 1981 = ''Tetragnatha gracilis'' (Bryant, 1923) *''T. eitapensis'' Strand, 1913 = ''Tetragnatha ceylonica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 *''T. elmora'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. ethodon'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. festina'' Bryant, 1945 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. filiformis'' (Audouin, 1826) = ''Tetragnatha flava'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. foliifera'' Simon, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872 *''T. fraterna'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 *''T. fuerteventurensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. galapagoensis'' Banks, 1902 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. graciliventris'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. grenda'' Roberts, 1983 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872 *''T. groenlandica'' Thorell, 1872 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (

) *''T. haitiensis'' Bryant, 1945 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. harrodi'' Levi, 1951 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 *''T. heatwolei'' Chrysanthus, 1975 = ''Tetragnatha bituberculata'' L. Koch, 1867 *''T. hotingchiehi'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. huahinensis'' Berland, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha macilenta'' L. Koch, 1872 *''T. infuscata'' Benoit, 1978 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. intermedia'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 *''T. japonica'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. kaestneri'' (Crome, 1954) = ''Tetragnatha reimoseri'' (Rosca, 1939) *''T. kochi'' Thorell, 1895 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. kovblyuki'' Marusik, 2010 = ''Tetragnatha shoshone'' Levi, 1981 *''T. laudativa'' Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 *''T. limnocharis'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. listeri'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. mackenziei'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884 *''T. maderiana'' Schenkel, 1938 (described as subspecies of ''T. extensa'') = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (

) *''T. mandibulata'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. manitoba'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (

) *''T. marianna'' Archer, 1940 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. maxillosa'' Thorell, 1895 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. maxillosa'' Strand, 1911 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. modesta'' Hirst, 1911 = ''Tetragnatha ceylonica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 *''T. munda'' Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. necatoria'' Tullgren, 1910 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. nigrita'' Strand, 1906 = ''Tetragnatha praedonia'' L. Koch, 1878 *''T. nitens'' (Hogg, 1911) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. nitens'' Wiehle, 1962 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. numa'' Levi & Levi, 1955 = ''Tetragnatha laboriosa'' Hentz, 1850 *''T. obtusa'' Kulczyński, 1891 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 *''T. pelusia'' (Audouin, 1826) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. peninsulana'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. peruviana'' Taczanowski, 1878 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. petrunkevitchi'' Caporiacco, 1947 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. pinea'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha viridis'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. potanini'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (

) *''T. producta'' (Franganillo, 1930) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. propioides'' Schenkel, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 *''T. punctipes'' Westring, 1874 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 *''T. qiuae'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 = ''Tetragnatha shoshone'' Levi, 1981 *''T. quadridens'' Dondale, 1966 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872 *''T. ramboi'' Mello-Leitão, 1943 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 *''T. recurva'' Schenkel, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha squamata'' Karsch, 1879 *''T. rusticana'' Chickering, 1959 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (

) *''T. sanctitata'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. seminola'' Gertsch, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. seneca'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 *''T. shikokiana'' Yaginuma, 1960 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884 *''T. siduo'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. soaresi'' Camargo, 1950 = ''Tetragnatha longidens'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 *''T. steckleri'' Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) *''T. trapezoides'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. tropica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 *''T. valoka'' Chrysanthus, 1975 = ''Tetragnatha biseriata'' Thorell, 1881 *''T. vermiventris'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha javana'' (Thorell, 1890) *''T. vicina'' Simon, 1897 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1303362 Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille Tetragnathidae