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Philipp Bertkau
Philipp Bertkau (11 January 1849 – 22 October 1894) was a German zoologist born in Cologne. He studied natural sciences at the University of Bonn, where in 1872 he earned his doctorate. In 1873 he became an assistant at the botanical institute in Munich, and during the following spring was an assistant at the zoological institute at Bonn. In 1882 he was appointed professor at the Agricultural Academy of Poppelsdorf, and in 1890 became curator at the Institute of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. Bertkau is remembered for his work involving the anatomy and physiology of spiders, research on sense of smell in butterflies, and anatomical studies of hermaphroditic arthropods. At Bonn he was secretary of ''Bonner Gesellschaft für Naturgeschichte'' (Bonn Society of Natural History). He is the taxonomic authority of the families Anyphaenidae, Hahniidae, Sparassidae and Zoropsidae, and of the genera ''Ancylometes'', ''Chalcoscirtus'', ''Comaroma'' and ''Diplocephalus''. Selected wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcoscirtus
''Chalcoscirtus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1880. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ', meaning "copper", and ', meaning "leap". timeline it contains forty-five species and one subspecies, found in Asia, Europe, North America, and Egypt: *'' Chalcoscirtus alpicola'' (L. Koch, 1876) – North America, Central and Eastern Europe, Russia (European to Far East) *''Chalcoscirtus ansobicus'' Andreeva, 1976 – Tajikistan *'' Chalcoscirtus atratus'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Europe *'' Chalcoscirtus bortolgois'' Logunov & Marusik, 1999 – Mongolia *'' Chalcoscirtus brevicymbialis'' Wunderlust 1980 – Germany, Austria to Kazakhstan *'' Chalcoscirtus carbonarius'' Emerton, 1917 – USA, Canada, Russia *'' Chalcoscirtus catherinae'' Prószyński, 2000 – Egypt, Israel, Turkey *'' Chalcoscirtus charynensis'' Logunov & Marusik, 1999 – Kazakhstan *'' Chalcoscirtus diminutus'' (Banks, 1896) – USA *'' Chalcoscirtus flavipes'' Capo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomic Authority
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transformed into a system of modern biological classification intended to reflect the evolut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamistrum
In spiders, the calamistrum is a row of specialized leg bristles used to comb out fine bands of silk. It is only found on cribellate spiders, that is, spiders that possess the spinning organ known as the cribellum. The calamistrum and cribellum are used to form the hackled bands of silk which are characteristic of the webs of these spiders. The calamistrum is found on the upper margin of the metatarsus of the hind legs. Each bristle of the calamistrum is serrated on one side and smooth on the other. The length of a spider's calamistrum is always equal to or greater than the width of the cribellum. The ratio between calamistrum length and cribellum width varies greatly, however, even among related species. This is likely due to differences in spinning behavior and as well as differences in the size and shape of the legs and abdomen. When male cribellate spiders reach sexual maturity Sexual maturity is the capability of an organism to reproduce. In humans it might be considered syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cribellum
Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edouard Van Beneden
Édouard Joseph Louis Marie Van Beneden (5 March 1846 in Leuven – 28 April 1910 in Liège), son of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden, was a Belgian embryologist, cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytogenetics by his works on the roundworm ''Ascaris''. In this work he discovered how chromosomes organized meiosis (the production of gametes). Van Beneden elucidated, together with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger, the essential facts of mitosis, where, in contrast to meiosis, there is a qualitative and quantitative equality of chromosome distribution to daughter cells. (See karyotype). Publications * ''Recherches sur la composition et la signification de l'œuf'' 186Full text available from Archive.org * ''La maturation de l'oeuf, la fecondation, et les pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnids
Arachnida () is a Class (biology), class of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, opiliones, harvestmen, Solifugae, camel spiders, Amblypygi, whip spiders and Thelyphonida, vinegaroons. Almost all adult arachnids have eight Arthropod leg, legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''aráchnē'', 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider. Almost all Extant taxon, extant arachnids are terrestrial animal, terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 100,000 named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araneae
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a separate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplocephalus
''Diplocephalus'' is a genus of sheet weavers first described by Philipp Bertkau Philipp Bertkau (11 January 1849 – 22 October 1894) was a German zoologist born in Cologne. He studied natural sciences at the University of Bonn, where in 1872 he earned his doctorate. In 1873 he became an assistant at the botanical institute ... in 1883. Species , it contains 49 widely distributed species and one subspecies. *'' Diplocephalus algericus'' Bosmans, 1996 *'' Diplocephalus alpinus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) *'' Diplocephalus altimontanus'' Deltshev, 1984 *'' Diplocephalus arnoi'' Isaia, 2005 *'' Diplocephalus arvernus'' Denis, 1948 *'' Diplocephalus barbiger'' (Roewer, 1955) *'' Diplocephalus bicephalus'' (Simon, 1884) *'' Diplocephalus bicurvatus'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 *'' Diplocephalus bifurcatus'' Tanasevitch, 1989 *'' Diplocephalus caecus'' Denis, 1952 *'' Diplocephalus caucasicus'' Tanasevitch, 1987 *'' Diplocephalus connatus'' Bertkau, 1889 **'' Diplocephalus c. ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comaroma
''Comaroma'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1889. Species it contains six species: *''Comaroma hatsushibai'' Ono, 2005 – Japan *''Comaroma maculosa'' Oi, 1960 – China, Korea, Japan *''Comaroma mendocino'' (Levi, 1957) – USA *''Comaroma nakahirai'' (Yaginuma, 1959) – Japan *''Comaroma simoni'' Bertkau, 1889 – Europe *''Comaroma tongjunca ''Comaroma'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1889. Species it contains six species: *''Comaroma hatsushibai'' Ono, 2005 – Japan *''Comaroma maculosa'' Oi, 1960 – China, Korea, ...'' Zhang & Chen, 1994 – China References Anapidae Araneomorphae genera Spiders of Asia Spiders of the United States Taxa named by Philipp Bertkau {{Anapidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylometes
''Ancylometes'' is a genus of Central and South American semiaquatic wandering spiders first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1880. Originally placed with the nursery web spiders, it was moved to the Ctenidae in 1967. The genus name is derived in part from Ancient Greek "" ('' ancylo-''), meaning "crooked, bent". These spiders live near ponds, lakes, rivers and other freshwater habitats, and can walk on water like water striders due to fine air-trapping hairs on the tips of their legs. They can also dive under the surface, and can stay underwater for over an hour by using the air trapped in hairs surrounding their book lungs. They will consume anything from insects to small lizards and, occasionally, small fish. Description Members of ''Ancylometes'' are among the largest araneomorph spiders, with a typical body length of . They are sometimes referred to as "giant fishing spiders" to distinguish them from ''Dolomedes'', a genus of smaller spiders also called "fishing spiders". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoropsidae
Zoropsidae, also known as false wolf spiders for their physical similarity to wolf spiders, is a family of cribellate araneomorph spiders first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1882. They can be distinguished from wolf spiders by their two rows of eyes that are more equal in size than those of Lycosidae. The families Tengellidae and Zorocratidae are now included in Zoropsidae. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Akamasia'' Bosselaers, 2002 – Cyprus *''Anachemmis'' Chamberlin, 1919 – United States, Mexico *''Austrotengella'' Raven, 2012 – Australia *''Birrana'' Raven & Stumkat, 2005 – Australia *'' Cauquenia'' Piacentini, Ramírez & Silva, 2013 *'' Chinja'' Polotow & Griswold, 2018 – Tanzania *''Ciniflella'' Mello-Leitão, 1921 – Brazil *''Devendra'' Lehtinen, 1967 – Sri Lanka *''Griswoldia'' Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocqué, 1997 – South Africa *'' Hoedillus'' Simon, 1898 – Guatemala, Nicaragua *'' Huntia'' Gray & Thompson, 2001 – Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
