The Tati language (Tati: , ''Tâti Zobun'') is a
Northwestern Iranian language
The Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranic languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.
Languages
The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, rather than a g ...
which is closely related to the
Talysh Talysh may refer to:
*Talysh people
* History of Talysh
*Talysh language
*Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828
*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993
*Talysh ...
,
Mazandarani and
Gilaki languages spoken by the
Tat people of
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. It is, for the most part, mutually intelligible with
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
. Tats are a subgroup of
Northwestern Iranians.
Old Azari
Some sources use the term
old Azari/Azeri to refer to the Tati language as it was spoken in the region before the spread of Turkic languages (see
Ancient Azari language
Old Azeri (also spelled Adhari, Azeri or Azari) is the extinct Iranian language that was once spoken in the northwestern Iranian historic region of Azerbaijan (Iranian Azerbaijan) before the Turkification of the region. Some linguists believe th ...
), and is now only spoken by different rural communities in Iranian Azerbaijan (such as villages in Harzanabad area, villages around
Khalkhal and
Ardabil
Ardabil (, fa, اردبیل, Ardabīl or ''Ardebīl'') is a city in northwestern Iran, and the capital of Ardabil Province. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaija ...
), and also in
Zanjan and
Qazvin
Qazvin (; fa, قزوین, , also Romanized as ''Qazvīn'', ''Qazwin'', ''Kazvin'', ''Kasvin'', ''Caspin'', ''Casbin'', ''Casbeen'', or ''Ghazvin'') is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran. Qazvin was a capital of the ...
provinces.
["Azari, the Old Iranian Language of Azerbaijan," Encyclopædia Iranica, op. cit., Vol. III/2, 1987 by E. Yarshater. External link]
/ref>
Tati language structure
In any language, roots and verb affixes constitute the most basic and important components of a language. The root is an element included in all the words of a lexical family and carries the basic meaning of those lexical items. A verb affix is an element added to the root to form a new meaning.
In many new Iranian languages, verb affixes have been left almost unnoticed, and it will be possible, by the act of deriving roots, to clear up most of their structural and semantic ambiguities. Unlike the root, verb affixes can be easily identified and described. In many languages, verb affixes act as the base of verb formation and are often derived from a limited number of roots. Tati, Talysh Talysh may refer to:
*Talysh people
* History of Talysh
*Talysh language
*Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828
*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993
*Talysh ...
, Mazandarani and Gilaki languages belong to North-western Iranian languages currently spoken along the coast of Caspian Sea. These languages which enjoy many old linguistic elements have not been duly studied from a linguistic perspective.
In the field of phonetics Tati is similar to the rest of the north-western Iranian languages: it is distinguished by the persistence of Iranian *z, *s, *y-, * v- against the south-western d, h, j-, b-; development < * j, against the south-west z, and the preservation of intervocalic and postvocalic *r and even, for a number of dialects, development Rhotacism (sound change), rhotacism.
In the field of morphology, Tati is less analytical in structure than the south-western Iranian languages. Having lost the ancient foundations of classes and verb, tati preserved case (two case: direct, or subjective, and oblique). It is a gender-neutral language except in some name and verb formations.
Ergative in Tati language
Tati is an ergative language, i.e. "with transitive verbs the subject/agent of the verb is expressed by the direct case in the present tenses, but by the oblique in the past tenses, whereas the direct object/patient in the present tenses is expressed by the oblique, but by the direct in the past".
Khalkhali is one of the Tati dialects spoken in Shahrood and Xorsh-rostam districts of Khalkhal. Khalkhali Tati is distinguished from other dialects producing ergative structures, because of the adherence of verb to semantic object, in number, person and specially in gender. Meanwhile, according to some evidence in this dialect, apart from past transitive verbs, some intransitive verbs are influenced by the ergative structure.
Phonology
Consonants
The phonology is based on the Southern Tati dialects:
The following sounds // may allophonically range to the sounds .
Vowels
The vowel sound for /e/ is recognized as two sounds , and allophonically as .
In the Chali dialect, the /o/ phoneme is only realized as a diphthong , whereas in Takestani, it is only recognized as ranging from .
Dialects
Tati has four main dialects:
# South of Qazvin province ( Tākestāni, Eshtehārdi, Chāli, Dānesfāni, Esfarvarini, Ebrāhim-ābādi, Sagz-ābādi)
# Ardabil province (Khalkhāli)
# Alborz mountains range ( Damāvandi). This dialect was, probably, used to be spoken around the northern part of Tehran City.
# North Khorasan province (Khorāsāni)
Comparison of various Tati dialects
Other Tati dialects are Vafsi, Harzandi, Kho'ini, and Kiliti Eshtehardi.
Vafsi Tati
Vafsi is a dialect of Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. The dialects of the Tafresh
Tafresh ( fa, تفرش, ''Tafreš'') is a city and the capital of Tafresh County, in Markazi Province, Iran. As of the 2011 census, its population was 25,912 (including 12,884 men and 13,028 women).
Tafresh is located amidst high mountains so ...
region share many features with the Central Plateau dialects, however their lexical inventory has many items in common with the Talysh subgroup.
Vafsi has six short vowel phonemes, five long vowel phonemes and two nasal vowel phonemes. The consonant inventory is basically the same as in Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
.
Nouns are inflected for gender (masculine, feminine), number (singular, plural) and case (direct, oblique).
The oblique case marks the possessor (preceding the head noun), the definite direct object, nouns governed by a preposition, and the subject of transitive verbs in the past tense.
Personal pronouns are inflected for number (singular, plural) and case (direct, oblique).
A set of enclitic pronouns is used to indicate the agent of transitive verbs in the past tenses.
There are two demonstrative pronouns: one for near deixis, one for remote deixis.
The use of the Persian ezafe construction is spreading, however there is also a native possessive construction, consisting of the possessor (unmarked or marked by the oblique case) preceding the head noun.
The verbal inflection is based on two stems: present and past stem. Person and number are indicated personal suffixes attached to the stem. In the transitive past tense the verb consists of the bare past stem and personal concord with the subject is provided by enclitic pronouns following the stem or a constituent preceding the verb. Two modal prefixes are used to convey modal and aspectual information. The past participle is employed in the formation of compound tenses.
Vafsi is a split ergative language: Split ergativity means that a language has in one domain accusative morphosyntax and in another domain ergative morphosyntax. In Vafsi the present tense is structured the accusative way and the past tense is structured the ergative way. Accusative morphosyntax means that in a language subjects of intransitive and transitive verbs are treated the same way and direct objects are treated another way. Ergative morphosyntax means that in a language subjects of intransitive verbs and direct objects are treated one way and subjects of transitive verbs are treated another way.
In the Vafsi past tense subjects of intransitive verbs and direct objects are marked by the direct case whereas subjects of transitive verbs are marked by the oblique case. This feature characterizes the Vafsi past tense as ergative.
The unmarked order of constituents is SOV like in most other Iranian languages.
Harzandi Tati
Harzani is considered an endangered language with a little less than 30,000 speakers in present day.[ Harzani]
at ''Ethnologue'' (17th Edition, 2014)] Its speakers principally reside in the rural district of Harzand, particularly in the village known as Galin Qayah/Kohriz. Harzani is also present in the neighboring villages of Babratein and Dash Harzand.[Karimzadeh, J. 1994: "The Verbal Constructions in Azari (Harzani Dialect)." Master’s thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University.]
As of now, Harzani has not been formally recognized by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and thus receives no government support.[ Harzani]
at ''Languages of the World (LLOW)''
Like other languages and dialects of the Iranian language family, Harzani follows a subject–object–verb
Subject ( la, subiectus "lying beneath") may refer to:
Philosophy
*'' Hypokeimenon'', or ''subiectum'', in metaphysics, the "internal", non-objective being of a thing
**Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective con ...
(SOV) word order. It has nine vowels, and shares a consonant inventory with Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
. It further exhibits a split-ergative
In linguistic typology, split ergativity is a feature of certain languages where some constructions use ergative syntax and morphology, but other constructions show another pattern, usually nominative–accusative. The conditions in which ergati ...
case system: its present tense is structured to follow nominative-accusative patterning, while its past tense follows ergative-absolutive.
One characteristic that distinguishes Harzani from related Northwestern Iranian languages
The Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranic languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median language, Median.
Languages
The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, ...
is its change from an intervocalic /d/ to an /r/. It also has a tendency to lengthen its vowels. For instance, it has the closed vowel /oe/.
Nouns and pronouns in Harzani do not reflect grammatical gender
In linguistics, grammatical gender system is a specific form of noun class system, where nouns are assigned with gender categories that are often not related to their real-world qualities. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns ...
, but they do express case. Nouns, in particular, encode two cases: direct
Direct may refer to:
Mathematics
* Directed set, in order theory
* Direct limit of (pre), sheaves
* Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces
Computing
* Direct access (disambiguation), a ...
and oblique case
In grammar, an oblique (abbreviated ; from la, casus obliquus) or objective case (abbr. ) is a nominal case other than the nominative case, and sometimes, the vocative.
A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally appear in any role exc ...
, the first of which is not rendered morphologically, but the second is by attaching a suffix. Meanwhile, personal pronouns have three cases: direct, oblique, and possessive
A possessive or ktetic form (abbreviated or ; from la, possessivus; grc, κτητικός, translit=ktētikós) is a word or grammatical construction used to indicate a relationship of possession in a broad sense. This can include strict owne ...
.
Verbs in Harzani are inflected for present tense and past tense. Information concerning person and number is reflected in suffixes that attach to these two verb stems. Modal and aspectual information is expressed using prefixes.
Kho'ini Tati
It is spoken in the village of Xoin and surrounding areas, about southwest of Zanjan city in northern Iran. The Xoini verbal system follows the general pattern found in other Tati dialects. However, the dialect has its own special characteristics such as continuous present
This article describes the uses of various verb forms in modern standard English language. This includes:
* Finite verb forms such as ''go'', ''goes'' and ''went''
* Nonfinite forms such as ''(to) go'', ''going'' and ''gone''
* Combinations of s ...
which is formed by the past stem, a preverb shift, and the use of connective sounds. The dialect is in danger of extinction
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
.
Nouns have two cases: direct
Direct may refer to:
Mathematics
* Directed set, in order theory
* Direct limit of (pre), sheaves
* Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces
Computing
* Direct access (disambiguation), a ...
and oblique. Contrary to the often case in Persian, adjective is not Post-positive.
The suffixes may be attached to the verb; the agent of the verb in an ergative construction; an adverb; a prepositional or postpositional phrase; and in a compound verb
In linguistics, a compound verb or complex predicate is a multi-word compound that functions as a single verb. One component of the compound is a ''light verb'' or ''vector'', which carries any inflections, indicating tense, mood, or aspect, bu ...
to its nominal
Nominal may refer to:
Linguistics and grammar
* Nominal (linguistics), one of the parts of speech
* Nominal, the adjectival form of "noun", as in "nominal agreement" (= "noun agreement")
* Nominal sentence, a sentence without a finite verb
* Nou ...
Complement
A complement is something that completes something else.
Complement may refer specifically to:
The arts
* Complement (music), an interval that, when added to another, spans an octave
** Aggregate complementation, the separation of pitch-clas ...
.
The same set of endings is used for the present and the subjunctive. The endings of the preterit and the present perfect are basically the enclitic present forms of the verb 'to be' (''*ah-'', here called base one). For pluperfect and subjunctive perfect the freestanding auxiliary verb 'to be' (''*bav-'', here called base two) is utilized. There is no ending for singular imperative and it is ''-ân'' for plural. For the inflections of "to be" see "Auxiliary inflection" below.
The past and present stems are irregular and shaped by historical developments, e.g.: ''wuj- / wut-'' (to say); xaraš-/xarat- (to sell); ''taj-/tat-'' (to run). However, in many verbs the past stem is built on the present stem by adding ''-(e)st''; e.g.: ''brem-'' → ''bremest-'' (to weep).
The imperative is formed by the modal prefix ''be-'' if the verb contains no preverb, plus the present stem and without ending in the singular and with ''-ân'' in the plural. ''be-'' is often changed to ''bi-, bo- or bu-'' according to the situation, and appears as ''b-'' before a vowel of a verbal stem.
Kiliti Tati
Kiliti is a Tati dialect of Azerbaijan that is closely related to Talysh Talysh may refer to:
*Talysh people
* History of Talysh
*Talysh language
*Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828
*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993
*Talysh ...
. It is spoken in the villages around Kilit, located 12 kilometers southwest from the city of Ordubad
Ordubad is the second largest city of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and the capital of an eponymous district. Ordubad is a medieval city of the Caucasus and in its current capacity of a town was founded in the 18th century. The town ...
in a district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
with the same name of Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
.
Tati and Talysh
Tati and Talysh Talysh may refer to:
*Talysh people
* History of Talysh
*Talysh language
*Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828
*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993
*Talysh ...
are Northwestern Iranian languages
The Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranic languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median language, Median.
Languages
The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, ...
which are close to each other. Although Talysh Talysh may refer to:
*Talysh people
* History of Talysh
*Talysh language
*Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828
*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993
*Talysh ...
and Tati are two languages that have affected each other in various levels, the degree of this effect in different places are not the same. In fact the very closeness of the two dialects has been a major reason for impossibility of drawing clear borderlines between them. It happens that Tati varieties can be seen in the heart of Talysh districts, or Talysh varieties are found in the center of Tati districts. This claim is supported by focusing on linguistic characteristics of Tati and Talysh, the history of the interrelation between the two dialects, geographical parameters of the area, as well as the phonological, morphological, and lexical examples.[Tāleshi Indications in Tāti Districts of Khalkhāl, Jahandust Sabzalipoor]
Comparison of Talysh and various Tati dialects
Distribution
* Ardabil Province:
**Khalkhal County
Khalkhal County ( fa, شهرستان خلخال; az, شهرستان خلخالخالخال بؤلگهسی) is in Ardabil province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Khalkhal. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 92 ...
:
*** Asbu, Derav, Kolur, Kehel, Askestan
Askestan ( fa, اسكستان, also Romanized as Askestān; also known as Asgestān and Askistan) is a village in Shahrud Rural District, Shahrud District, Khalkhal County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 641, in 190 ...
, Shal, Diz, Gandomabad, Karin, Lerd, Gilavan, Karnaq, Kajal
Kohl ( ar, كُحْل, kuḥl), kajal or kajol is an ancient eye cosmetic, traditionally made by grinding stibnite (Sb2S3) for use similar to that of charcoal in mascara. It is widely used in the Middle East, Caucasus and North Africa, South A ...
( fa). ('' Kajali'', '' Khoresh Rostam'')
** Namin County:
***Tarom, Anbaran, Minabad, Mirzanaq
Mirzanaq ( fa, ميرزانق, also Romanized as Mīrzānaq; also known as Mīrrānaq) is a village in Minabad Rural District, Anbaran District, Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 555, in 112 families.
Re ...
, Kolosh, Sarvabad, Pilehrud ( fa), Jeyd
Jeyd ( fa, جيد) is a village in Minabad Rural District, Anbaran District, Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, the population was 1,015, in 232 families.
References
Towns and villages in Namin County
{{Namin-geo ...
, Towlash, Upper Anbaran.
*East Azerbaijan Province
East Azerbaijan Province ( fa, استان آذربایجان شرقی ''Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi''; az-Arab, شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan, bordering Armenia, ...
:
**Heris County
Heris County ( fa, شهرستان هریس) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Tur ...
:
*** Chay Kandi.
**Marand County
Marand County ( fa, شهرستان مرند) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Marand
Marand ( fa, مرند; ; also Romanized as Morand) is a city and capital of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, ...
:
***Harzand-e Atiq
Harzand-e Atiq ( fa, هرزندعتيق, also Romanized as Harzand-e ‘Atīq and Harzand ‘Atīq; also known as Harzān, Harzand, and Harzand Atigh) is a village in Harzandat-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Marand County, Ea ...
, Harzand-e Jadid
Harzand-e Jadid ( fa, هرزندجديد, also Romanized as Harzand-e Jadīd; also known as Chairazan, Chāy-e Harzand, and Chāy Razān) is a village in Harzandat-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District (Marand County), Central District o ...
, Galin Qayah. ('' Harzandi'')
**Kaleybar County
Kaleybar County ( fa, شهرستان کلیبر) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Kaleybar. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including those portions of the county later split off to form Khod ...
:
*** Kalasur, Khunirud
Khunirud ( fa, خونيرود, also Romanized as Khūnīrūd and Khavin Rood; also known as Khaynarev, Khoinarev, Khvoīnrūd, and Khvoy Nāreh) is a village in Misheh Pareh Rural District, in the Central District (Kaleybar County), Central Distric ...
, Damirchi.
**Varzaqan County
Varzaqan County ( fa, شهرستان ورزقان) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq ...
:
*** Karangan. ('' Gozarkhani'', ''Karingani
Karingani is a Northwestern Iranian language closely related to Talysh and the Harzandi dialect. It is spoken in East Azerbaijan Province
East Azerbaijan Province ( fa, استان آذربایجان شرقی ''Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi''; az-A ...
'')
*Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic ( az, Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, ), is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous RepublicNakhchivan Autonomous Republic with a popula ...
:
**Ordubad Rayon
Ordubad District ( az, Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. ...
:
*** Kilit. ('' Kiliti'')
* Alborz Province:
**Karaj County
Karaj County ( fa, شهرستان کرج) is located in Alborz province, Iran. The capital of the county is Karaj. At the 2006 census, at which time it was a county in Tehran
Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Pro ...
:
*** Asara, Jey, Azadbar
Azadbar ( fa, ازادبر, also Romanized as Āzādbar) is a village in Nesa Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a coun ...
, Abharak
Abharak ( fa, ابهرك, also Romanized as Abhark) is a village in Adaran Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country l ...
, Adaran, Arangeh, Avizar, Ayegan, Bagh-e Pir, Purkan, Tekyeh-e Sepahsalar
Tekyeh-e Sepahsalar ( fa, تكيه سپهسالار, also Romanized as Tekyeh-e Sepahsālār and Takye-ye Sepahsālār) is a village in Asara Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran
Iran, officially the I ...
, Jurab, Charan, Hasanak Dar, Khvares, Khur
The Indian wild ass (''Equus hemionus khur''), also called the Indian onager or, in the local Gujarati language, Ghudkhur and Khur, is a subspecies of the onager native to South Asia.
It is currently listed as Near Threatened by IUCN. The pr ...
, Khuzankola
Khuzankola ( fa, خوزنكلا, also Romanized as Khūzankolā, Khozan Kolah, Khūzan-e Kalāyeh, and Khūzan Kalā) is a village in Adaran Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was ...
, Dardeh, Darvan, Sorkheh Darreh, Sar Ziarat, Sarv Dar, Siah Kalan, Sijan, Sira, Shelnak, Shahrestanak, Kalvan, Kalha, Kondor, Kushk-e Bala
Kushk-e Bala ( fa, كوشك بالا, also Romanized as Kūshḵ-e Bālā) is a village in Adaran Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called ...
, Kohneh Deh, Kiasar
Kiasar ( fa, كياسر, also Romanized as Kīāsar, Keyāsar, and Kīya Sar) is a city and capital of Chahardangeh District, in Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also cal ...
, Kiasarlat, Garmab
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = City
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, image_flag =
, flag_alt =
, im ...
, Gasil, Gashnadar, Laniz, Leylestan, Malek Faliz, Murud, Meydanak, Nesa, Nasht-e Rud, Nowjan, Varangeh Rud, Varian, Varzan
Varzan ( fa, ورزن) is a village in Adaran Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It ...
, Velayat Rud, Valeh, Vineh. (''Karaji'' ( fa))
**Eshtehard County
Eshtehard County ( fa, شهرستان اشتهارد, ''Ŝhahrestān-e Eŝtāhārd'') is located in Alborz province, Iran. The capital of the county is Eshtehard. At the 2006 census, the county's population as a part of Karaj County in Tehran
...
:
*** Sehhatabad, Ahmadabad, Jafarabad, Mehdiabad, Fardabad, Mokhtarabad, Abdollahabad, Kushkabad, Palangabad, Moradabad
Moradabad () is a city, commissionary and municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river, at a distance of from the national capital, New Delhi and 344 ...
, Morad Tappeh, Qezel Hesar, Rahmanieh, Oposhteh, Gong
A gongFrom Indonesian and ms, gong; jv, ꦒꦺꦴꦁ ; zh, c=鑼, p=luó; ja, , dora; km, គង ; th, ฆ้อง ; vi, cồng chiêng; as, কাঁহ is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Gongs ...
, Jaru, Nekujar, Bujafar.
**Taleqan County
Taleqan County ( fa, شهرستان طالقان) is located in Alborz province, Iran. The capital of the county is Taleqan, formerly Shahrak. At the 2006 census, the county's population as a part of Savojbolagh County in Tehran province was 25 ...
. (''Taleqani'' ( fa))
* Tehran Province:
**Damavand County
Damavand County ( fa, شهرستان دماوند) is located in Tehran province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Tu ...
:
***Kilan
Kilan ( fa, كيلان, or more properly, Kailan, also Romanized as Kīlān; also known as Kilun) is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,038, in 913 families.
The n ...
, Absard
Absard ( fa, آبسرد, also Romanized as Ābsard and Āb Sard), literally ”cold water”, is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also c ...
.
* Markazi Province:
**Zarandieh County
Zarandieh County ( fa, شهرستان زرندیه) is located in Markazi province, Iran, the northernmost county of the province. The capital of the county is Mamuniyeh
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = City
, ima ...
:
*** Alvir, Vidar. ('' Alviri-Vidari'')
**Komijan County
Komijan County ( fa, شهرستان کمیجان) is in Markazi province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Komijan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 45,296 in 11,539 households. The following census in 2011 count ...
:
*** Vafs, Chehreqan, Farak, Gurchan. ('' Vafsi'')
* Qazvin Province:
**Qazvin County
Qazvin County ( fa, شهرستان قزوین) is located in Qazvin province, Iran. The capital of the county is Qazvin. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 530,961, in 142,781 households. Retrieved 10 November 2022 At the 2016 censu ...
:
*** Kuchenan, Andaj, Alulak
Alulak ( fa, الولك, also Romanized as Ālūlak) is a village in Eqbal-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called P ...
, Masoudabad, Zereshk
Zereshk ( fa, زرشك, also Romanized as Zereshg and Zirishk) is a village in Eqbal-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District (Qazvin County), Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was ...
, Voshteh, Taskin, Dastjerd-e Olya, Zarabad, Sapuhin
Sapuhin ( fa, سپوهين, also Romanized as Sapūhīn and Sapoohin; also known as Sabūhīn) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the I ...
, Mushqin
Mushqin ( fa, موشقين, also Romanized as Mūshqīn) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also c ...
, Vartavan, Halarud
Halarud ( fa, هلارود, also Romanized as Halārūd) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 14 families.
References , Zanasuj, Avirak, Durchak, Suteh Kosh, Keshabad-e Olya, Keshabad-e Sofla, Asbmard ( fa), Dikin, Soleymanabad, Garmarud-e Sofla
Garmarud-e Sofla ( fa, گرمارودسفلي, also Romanized as Garmārūd-e Soflá; also known as Garmārūd-e Pā'īn and Garmārūd) is a village in Moallem Kalayeh Rural District, Rudbar-e Alamut District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Ira ...
. ('' Maraghei'', '' Shahrudi'')
**Takestan County
Takestan County ( fa, شهرستان تاکستان, ''Šahrestân-e Tâkestân'') is in Qazvin province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is ...
:
***Takestan
Siadehan or Siaden ( Tati: , ''Siyâden''), also known as Takestan ( fa, تاكستان ''Tâkestân''), is a city and capital of Takestan County, in Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2011 census its population was 120,907. Takestan has a railway s ...
, Esfarvarin
Esfarvarin ( fa, اسفرورين, also Romanized as Asfarvarīn) is a city and capital of Esfarvarin District, in Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran.It is famous for this grape fields. At the 2006 census its population was 12,104, in 2,670 ...
, Qarqasin
Qarqasin ( fa, قرقسين, also Romanized as Qarqasīn) is a village in Ak Rural District, Esfarvarin District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a ...
.
**Buin Zahra County
Buin Zahra County ( fa, شهرستان بوئینزهرا) is located in Qazvin province, Iran. The capital of the county is Buin Zahra. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including those portions of the county later split off to fo ...
:
*** Danesfahan, Shal, Sagzabad
Sagzabad or Sagz Abad ( fa, سگزآباد) ( Tati: , ''Sezjowa'') is a city in the Central District of Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census its population was 4,953, in 1,324 families. Sagz-Abad is a Tati-speaking city. ...
, Ebrahimabad, Kharuzan, Khuznin
Khuznin ( fa, خوزنين, also Romanized as Khūznīn) is a village in Ramand-e Jonubi Rural District, Ramand District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,865, in 667 families.
References
...
, Khiaraj
Khiaraj ( fa, خيارج, also Romanized as Khīāraj and Khīyaraj) is a village in Ramand-e Jonubi Rural District, Ramand District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,195, in 334 families.
Referen ...
.
**Abyek County
Abyek County ( fa, شهرستان آبیک) is located in Qazvin province, Iran. The capital of the county is Abyek
Abyek ( fa, آبیک, also Romanized as Ābyek, Abiak, and Abiyek; also known as Abiak Sarāi) is a city and capital of Abyek ...
, Ziaran, Samghabad, Tikhor
Tikhvor ( fa, طيخور, also romanised as Ṭīkhvor and Ṭīkhūr) is a village in Kuhpayeh-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Abyek County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, ...
, Tudaran, Aqchari, Khuznan
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = Village
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, image_flag =
, flag_alt =
, i ...
, Jazmeh
Jazmeh ( fa, جزمه) is a village in Kuhpayeh-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Abyek County, Qazvin Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located ...
, Atanak, Qazi Kalayeh, Ebrahimabad, Kahvan, Daral Sarvar, Miankuh, Kazlak, Yuj, Razjerd, Shinqar
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = Village
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, image_flag =
, flag_alt =
, i ...
, Ardabilak, Mianbar. ('' Razajerdi'')
* Zanjan Province:
**Zanjan County
Zanjan County ( fa, شهرستان زنجان) is in Zanjan province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to t ...
:
***Sheykh Jaber
Sheykh Jaber ( fa, شيخ جابر, also Romanized as Sheykh Jāber) is a village in Qoltuq Rural District, in the Central District (Zanjan County), Central District of Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3 ...
.
**Ijrud County
Ijrud County ( fa, شهرستان ایجرود) is located in Zanjan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Zarrinabad
Zarrinabad ( fa, زرين آباد), also Romanized as Zarrīnābād and Zarinabad) is a city in and capital of Ijrud ...
:
***Khoein
Khoein ( Tati/ fa, خوئين) is a village in Ijrud-e Pain Rural District, Halab District, Ijrud County, Zanjan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Wester ...
, Saidabad-e Sofla, Sefid Kamar, Halab
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black".
, motto =
, image_map =
, mapsize =
, map_caption =
, image_map1 =
...
, Garneh
Garneh ( fa, گرنه; also known as Karnaj, and Karneh) is a village in Ijrud-e Pain Rural District, Halab District, Ijrud County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the time of the 2006 census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, re ...
. ('' Khoeini'')
**Tarom County
Tarom County ( fa, شهرستان طارم) is located in Zanjan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Ab Bar
Ab Bar or Abbar ( fa, آب بر, also Romanized as Āb Bar; also known as Obar and Ubār) is a city in and capital of Tarom C ...
.
*** Siyahvarud, Bandargah, Quhijan
Quhijan ( fa, قوهيجان, also Romanized as Qūhījān; also known as Gudzhan, Gūjān, and Qūh Jān) is a village in Darram Rural District, in the Central District (Tarom County), Central District of Tarom County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At th ...
, Charazeh, Nukian, Hezarrud ( fa).
* Gilan Province:
**Rudbar County
Rudbar County ( fa, شهرستان رودبار) is in Gilan province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Rudbar. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 101,884 in 27,902 households. The following census in 2011 counted ...
:
*** Eskabon, Anbuh, Aineh Deh, Bivarzin, Pa Rudbar, Pakdeh
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = Village
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, image_flag =
, flag_alt =
, i ...
, Damash, Karamak-e Bala, Kalisham, Layeh
Layeh ( fa, لايه, also Romanized as Lāyeh, Layah, and Layyeh; also known as Layakh) is a village in Kalisham Rural District, Amarlu District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, ...
, Miankushk ( fa), Naveh, Now Deh, Viyeh
Viyeh ( fa, ويه, also Romanized as Vīyeh, Veyeh, Viāh, and Vīyāh; also known as Viakh) is a village in Kalisham Rural District, Amarlu District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Ira ...
, Yeknam
Yeknam ( fa, يكنم, also Romanized as Yekonem and Yakonom; also known as Yakunim, Yakūnom, and Yekow Nīm) is a village in Jirandeh Rural District, Amarlu District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic ...
.
* Semnan Province:
**Garmsar County
Garmsar County ( fa, شهرستان گرمسار) is located in Semnan province, Semnan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Garmsar. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including those portions of the county later split off to ...
:
***Eyvanki
Eyvanki ( fa, ايوانكی, Tati language (Iran), Tati: ), also Romanized as Eyvane Kay, Eyvānkī, Aivaneki, Aivan-e Ki, and Eyvānakī; also known as Aivān-i-Kaif, is a city in and capital of Eyvanki District, Garmsar County, Semnan Province, ...
.
*North Khorasan Province
North Khorasan Province ( fa, استان خراسان شمالی, ''Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī'') is a province located in northeastern Iran. Bojnord is the capital of the province. The counties of North Khorasan Province are Shirvan Cou ...
:
**Esfarayen County
Esfarayen County ( fa, شهرستان اسفراین) is located in North Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Esfarayen. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 119,152, in 30,307 households. Retrieved 7 November 2022 T ...
:
*** Adkan, Bidvaz.
**Bojnord County
Bojnord County ( fa, شهرستان بجنورد) is in North Khorasan province, North Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Bojnord. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 322,309 in 79,882 households. The ...
:
*** Qaleh-ye Mohammadi, Gifan-e Pain
Gifan-e Pain ( fa, گيفان پائين, also Romanized as Gīfān-e Pā’īn; also known as Pā’īndeh) is a village in Gifan Rural District, Garmkhan District, Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population ...
, Gifan-e Bala, Mianzu, Rezqaneh.
**Jajarm County
Jajarm County ( fa, شهرستان جاجرم) is located in North Khorasan province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and ...
:
***Sankhvast
Sankhvast ( fa, سنخواست, also Romanized as Sankhvāst; also known as Sanghas, Sangkhuast, Sankhāş, and Sankhāst) is a city and capital of Jolgeh Sankhvast District, in Jajrom County, North Khorasan Province, Iran
Iran, offic ...
, Do Borjeh, Tabar, Korf, Kharashah
Kharashah ( fa, خراشاه, also Romanized as Kharāshāh, Khorāshā, and Khorāshāh; also known as Khorāshān and Eslāmābād) is a village in Chahardeh Sankhvast Rural District, Jolgeh Sankhvast District, Jajrom County, North Khorasan Prov ...
, Ghamiteh, Jorbat
, native_name_lang = fa
, settlement_type = Village
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, image_flag =
, flag_alt =
, i ...
, Ark
Ark or ARK may refer to:
Biblical narratives and religion Hebrew word ''teva''
* Noah's Ark, a massive vessel said to have been built to save the world's animals from a flood
* Ark of bulrushes, the boat of the infant Moses
Hebrew ''aron''
* ...
, Anduqan, Eslamabad ( fa).
**Shirvan County
Shirvan County ( fa, شهرستان شیروان) is located in North Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Shirvan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 152,493, in 37,647 households. Retrieved 7 November 2022 The ...
:
*** Barzali, Borzolabad Golian.
See also
* Alviri-Vidari language
* Tat people (Iran)
The Tat people of Iran ( Tati: ''Irünə Tâtün'', ) are an Iranian people living in northern Iran, especially in Qazvin province.
Tats of Iran use the Tati language, a group of northwestern Iranian dialects which are closely related to the ...
* northwestern Iranian languages
The Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranic languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median language, Median.
Languages
The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, ...
References
External links
Iranica entry on ''Eshtehārdi'', one of Tati dialects
{{Iranian languages
Northwestern Iranian languages
Endangered languages of Iran
Caspian languages