mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ...
s that include the
sulfate ion
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many ar ...
() within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary
evaporite
An evaporite () is a water- soluble sedimentary mineral deposit that results from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as oce ...
oxidizing
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a d ...
zone of
sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S22−) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides ...
deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, 1985, ''Manual of Mineralogy,'' 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 347–354 .
Sulfate minerals include:
*Anhydrous sulfates
** Barite BaSO4
**
Celestite
Celestine (the IMA-accepted name) or celestite is a mineral consisting of strontium sulfate ( Sr S O). The mineral is named for its occasional delicate blue color. Celestine and the carbonate mineral strontianite are the principal sources of t ...
Gypsum
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and dr ...
Brochantite
Brochantite is a sulfate mineral, one of a number of cupric sulfates. Its chemical formula is Cu4SO4(OH)6. Formed in arid climates or in rapidly oxidizing copper sulfide deposits, it was named by Armand Lévy for his fellow Frenchman, geologi ...
mindat.org
Mindat.org is a non-commercial online database, claiming to be the largest mineral database and mineralogy, mineralogical reference website on the Internet. It is used by professional mineralogists, geologists, and amateur mineral collecting, mi ...
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
νησος nēsos, island)
***Soro: grouping (from
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
***Cyclo: ring
***Ino: chain (from
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
φύλλον ''phyllon'', leaf)
***Tekto: three-dimensional framework
*Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
**NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
**X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
**Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
**##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: sulfates, selenates, tellurates
* 07.A Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without Additional Anions, without H2O
** 07.AB With medium-sized cations: 05 Millosevichite, 05 Mikasaite; 10 Chalcocyanite, 10 Zincosite*
** 07.AC With medium-sized and large cations: IMA2008-029, 05 Vanthoffite; 10 Efremovite, 10
Manganolangbeinite
Langbeinites are a family of crystalline substances based on the structure of langbeinite with general formula , where M is a large univalent cation (such as potassium, rubidium, caesium, or ammonium), and M' is a small divalent cation (for example ...
Sabieite Sabieite is a mineral with the chemical formula ( N H4) Fe3+( S O4)2. Its type locality is Lone Creek Falls cave, Sabie, Pilgrim's Rest District Ehlanzeni, Mpumalanga Province
Mpumalanga () is a province of South Africa. The name means "E ...
Brochantite
Brochantite is a sulfate mineral, one of a number of cupric sulfates. Its chemical formula is Cu4SO4(OH)6. Formed in arid climates or in rapidly oxidizing copper sulfide deposits, it was named by Armand Lévy for his fellow Frenchman, geologi ...
Argentojarosite
Argentojarosite is an iron sulfate mineral with the chemical formula AgFe(SO)(OH). It is one of few iron sulfate minerals containing silver in its chemical formula as a dominant element.
Natrojarosite
Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct dur ...
Schmiederite
Schmiederite is a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of selenium-bearing hydrothermal base metal deposits. Its chemical formula is Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(Se6+O4)(OH)4.
It was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in the Cóndor mine, Los Llantene ...
Grandreefite
Grandreefite is a rare secondary lead sulfate-fluoride mineral with a general chemical formula, Pb2SO4F2. It is named for the location in which it was discovered in 1989, the Grand Reef Mine in Graham County, Arizona.
Grandreefite is monoclinic, ...
Szomolnokite
Szomolnokite (Fe2+SO4·H2O) is a monoclinic iron sulfate mineral forming a complete solid solution with magnesium end-member kieserite (MgSO4·H2O). In 1877 szomolnokite's name was derived by Joseph Krenner from its type locality of oxidized sulfi ...
Chvaleticeite
Chvaleticeite is a monoclinic hexahydrite manganese magnesium sulfate mineral with formula: (Mn2+, Mg) O46(H2O). It occurs in the oxidized zone of manganese silicate deposits with pyrite and rhodochrosite that have undergone regional and contact ...
Goslarite
Goslarite is a hydrated zinc sulfate mineral () which was first found in the Rammelsberg mine, Goslar, Harz, Germany. It was described in 1847. Goslarite belongs to the epsomite group which also includes epsomite () and morenosite (). Goslari ...
Rhomboclase Rhomboclase is an acidic iron sulfate mineral with a formula reported as H5Fe3+O2(SO4)2·2(H2O)http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/rhomboclase.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy or HFe(SO4)2·4(H2O).http://www.mindat.org/min-3410.html Mindat It crysta ...
Ransomite
Ransomite is a sulfate mineral first discovered at the United Verde mine in Jerome Arizona. This mineral was formed as a result of a mine fire. The United Verde mine is one of few places in the world where Ransomite can be found. This mineral can ...
Apjohnite
Apjohnite ( IMA symbol: Apj) is a manganese aluminium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula MnAl(SO)·22HO. It was named after Trinity College Dublin professor James Apjohn. Its type locality is Maputo Province, Mozambique
Mozambique ( ...
Tamarugite
Tamarugite ( Na Al( S O4)2·6 H2O) is a colorless monoclinic sulfate mineral.
Deposits containing tamarugite are geographically dispersed with occurrences of the mineral on all seven continents ( Antarctica, Oceania, North America, South Amer ...
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Mendozite
Mendozite is a sulfate mineral, one of the alum series, with formula NaAl(SO4)2·11H2O. It is a hydrated form of sodium aluminium sulfate (soda alum).
It was discovered in western Argentina in 1868, probably near San Juan. The exact location has ...
Alum-(Na)
Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O (sometimes written Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powd ...
Boussingaultite
Boussingaultite is a rare ammonium magnesium hydrated sulfate mineral of the chemical formula: (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6 H2O. The formula of boussingaultite is that of Tutton's salts type. It was originally described from geothermal fields in Tuscany, ...
Leightonite
Leightonite is a rare sulfate mineral with formula of K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4•2H2O.
Crystal class
Leightonite forms flattened to elongated bladed crystals of variously interpreted crystal structure. Its crystal system is reported as triclinic morphologica ...
Lecontite
Lecontite (sodium ammonium sulfate dihydrate, with potassium substituting for some ammonium, typically about a fourth) is a sulfate mineral with the formula (NH4,K)NaSO4·2H2O. It was found by John Lawrence LeConte in Las Piedras Cave in Hond ...
Gypsum
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and dr ...
Aubertite Aubertite is a mineral with the chemical formula CuAl(SO4)2Cl·14H2O. It is colored blue. Its crystals are triclinic pedial. It is transparent. It has vitreous luster. It is not radioactive. Aubertite is rated 2-3 on the Mohs Scale. The sample was ...
Jurbanite
Jurbanite is a sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Al S O4(O H)·5 H2O. Its molecular weight is 230.13 g/mol. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and is dimorphous with the orthorhombic mineral rostite.
Jurbanite occurs as a secondar ...
Xitieshanite
Xitieshanite is a hydrous iron sulfate–chloride mineral with chemical formula: Fe3+(SO4)Cl·6(H2O).
It was discovered in 1983 and named for the discovery location of Xitieshan lead/zinc ore deposit in the Qinghai Province, China. It was approv ...
Chaidamuite
Chaidamuite is a rare zinc – iron sulfate mineral with chemical formula: ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·4H2O.
It was first described for an occurrence in the Xitieshan mine south of Mt. Qilianshan in the Chaidamu basin, Qinghai Province, China and was name ...
Langite
Langite is a rare hydrated copper sulfate mineral, with hydroxyl, found almost exclusively in druses of small crystals. It is formed from the oxidation of copper sulfides, and was first described in specimens from Cornwall, United Kingdom. It i ...
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Posnjakite
Posnjakite is a hydrated copper sulfate mineral. It was discovered in the Tungsten deposit of Nura-Taldy in Karaganda Region in Kazakhstan and described in 1967 by Aleksandr Ivanovich Komkov (1926–1987) and Yevgenii Ivanovich Nefedov (1910–1 ...
Campigliaite
Campigliaite is a copper and manganese sulfate mineral with a chemical formula of Cu4Mn(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O. It has a chemical formula and also a crystal structure similar to niedermayrite, with Cd(II) cation replacing by Mn(II).Giester, B., Rieck, ...
Niedermayrite
Niedermayrite is a rare hydrated copper cadmium sulfate hydroxide mineral with formula: Cu4 Cd( S O4)2(O H)6·4 H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as encrustations and well formed vitreous blue-green prismatic crystals. It ...
Motukoreaite
Motukoreaite is a mineral with formula Mg6Al3(OH)18 a(H2O)6SO4)2·6H2O (possibly more than one species). The mineral is named for Motukorea, the island in New Zealand where it was discovered. Motukoreaite was first noted in 1941 and officially de ...
Cyanotrichite
Cyanotrichite is a hydrous copper aluminium sulfate mineral with formula Cu4Al2 SO42H2O, also known as lettsomite. Cyanotrichite forms velvety radial acicular crystal aggregates of extremely fine fibers. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system a ...
Utahite
Utahite is an extremely rare secondary copper zinc tellurate mineral found as a product of oxidation. Its chemical formula is Cu5Zn3(Te6+O4)4(OH)8•7H2O.
It was first described in 1997 for an occurrence in the Centennial Eureka mine, one mile so ...
Zaherite
Zaherite is a mineral, a complex sulfate of aluminium, formula Al12( O H)26( SO4)5·20 H2O. It was discovered in the Salt range, Punjab, Pakistan by M. A. Zaher of the Bangladesh Geological Survey after whom it is named in 1977. This mineral would ...
Uklonskovite
Uklonskovite ( Na Mg( S O4) F) is a colorless monoclinic mineral found in Chile, Italy and Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Res ...
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Kainite
Kainite ( or ) (KMg(SO4)Cl·3H2O) is an evaporite mineral in the class of "Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O" according to the Nickel–Strunz classification. It is a hydrated potassium-magnesium sulfate-chloride, nat ...
Xocolatlite
Xocolatlite is a sulfate mineral named for its chocolatey appearance. Discovered in the ''La Bambolla'' gold mine of Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico, Xocolatlite's name is derived from the Nahuatl word '' xocolatl'' (literally "bitter water"; a root ...
** 07.DG With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3: 05 Darapskite; 10 Clinoungemachite, 10
Ungemachite
Ungemachite is a rare mineral (K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O) known from only two locations - a copper deposit in the Atacama Desert (Chile) and in the New Cobar copper–gold deposit, New South Wales (Australia). The formation of Ungemachite require ...
Sturmanite
Sturmanite is a rare sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Ca6 Fe3+2( SO4)2.5( B(OH)4)( OH)12 · 25 H2O. It crystallises in the tetragonal system and it has a Moh's hardness of 2.5. Sturmanite has a bright yellow to amber colour and falls i ...
Carlosruizite
Carlosruizite is a sulfate or selenate – iodate mineral with chemical formula: K6( Na,K)4Na6 Mg10( Se O4)12( IO3)12·12 H2O. It has a low density (specific gravity of 3.36), colorless to pale yellow, transparent mineral which crystallizes in t ...
Uranopilite
Uranopilite is a minor ore of uranium with the chemistry ( U O2)6 SO4(O H)6O2·14 H2O or, hydrated uranyl sulfate hydroxide.
As with many uranyl minerals, it is fluorescent and radioactive. It is straw yellow in normal light. Uranopilite fluoresce ...
Johannite
Johannite is a rare uranium sulfate mineral. It crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with the chemical composition Cu O2(OH)SO4sub>2·8H2O. It crystallizes in the triclinic system and develops only small prism or thin to thick tabular crys ...
Zippeite
Zippeite is a hydrous potassium uranium sulfate mineral with formula: K4( U O2)6( SO4)3(O H)10·4( H2O). It forms yellow to reddish brown monoclinic-prismatic crystals with perfect cleavage. The typical form is as encrustations and pulverulent ear ...
Aiolosite
Aiolosite ( IMA symbol: Aio) is a rare sodium bismuth sulfate mineral with the chemical formula NaBi(SO)Cl. Its type locality is Vulcano, Sicily, Italy. Its name comes from the Greek name Aeolus
In Greek mythology, Aeolus or Aiolos (; grc, Α ...
Adranosite
Adranosite is a mineral discovered in the La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy, with the formula (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2. Adranosite-(Fe) is the Fe3+ analogue of adranosite, with the formula (NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2.Mitolo, Donatella, ...
* 07.F Chromates
** 07.FA Without additional anions: 05
Tarapacaite
Tarapacáite is the mineral form of potassium chromate with the chemical formula K2 Cr O4. It forms bright yellow crystals and was discovered in 1878. It is named for the former Tarapacá Province, Peru; nowadays belonging to Chile. The boundaries ...
Edoylerite
Edoylerite is a rare mercury containing mineral. Edoylerite was first discovered in 1961 by Edward H. Oyler, whom the mineral is named after, in a meter-sized boulder at the Clear Creek claim in San Benito County, California. The Clear Creek claim ...
Hemihedrite
Hemihedrite is a rare lead zinc chromate silicate mineral with formula Pb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(F,OH)2. It forms a series with the copper analogue iranite.
Discovery and occurrence
Hemihedrite was first described in 1967 for occurrences in the Flor ...
* 07.G Molybdates, wolframates and niobates
** 07.GA Without additional anions or H2O: 05 Fergusonite-(Ce), 05 Fergusonite-(Nd)N, 05 Fergusonite-(Y), 05 Powellite, 05 Wulfenite, 05
Stolzite
Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula Pb W O4. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. Stolzite crystallizes in the tetra ...
Lindgrenite
Lindgrenite is an uncommon copper molybdate mineral with formula: Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. It occurs as tabular to platey monoclinic green to yellow green crystals.
Discovery and occurrence
It was first described in 1935 for an occurrence in the Chuquic ...
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Szenicsite
Szenicsite is a copper hydroxy molybdate mineral, named after husband and wife Terry and Marissa Szenics, American mineral collectors who found the first specimens. When it was first discovered in Atacama, Chile, it was thought to be lindgrenite. ...
Anthoinite
Anthoinite ( IMA symbol: Atn) is an aluminium tungsten oxide mineral with the chemical formula AlWO(OH). Its type locality is Maniema in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démo ...