Son'a

''Star Trek: Insurrection'' is a 1998 American science fiction film directed by Jonathan Frakes. It is the ninth film in the ''Star Trek'' film series, as well as the third to star the cast of '' Star Trek: The Next Generation'', with F. Murray Abraham, Donna Murphy, and Anthony Zerbe appearing in main roles. In the film, the crew of the USS ''Enterprise''-E rebels against Starfleet after they discover a conspiracy with a species known as the Son'a to steal the peaceful Ba'ku's planet for its rejuvenating properties.

Paramount Pictures sought a change of pace after '' Star Trek: First Contact'' (1996). Michael Piller was asked to write the script of the next installment, which was created from story ideas by Piller and producer Rick Berman. The story's first drafts featured the Romulans, and the Son'a and Ba'ku were introduced in its third draft. After Ira Steven Behr reviewed the script, Piller revised it and added a subplot involving a romantic interest for Jean-Luc Picard. The film's ending was further revised after test screenings. The special effects depicting outer space were completely computer generated, a first for a ''Star Trek'' film. The Ba'ku village was fully built on location at Lake Sherwood, California, but suffered weather damage. Sets from the television series '' Star Trek: Voyager'' and '' Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' were reused and redressed. Michael Westmore created the make-up for the new alien races, and Robert Blackman revised the Starfleet dress uniform designs. Sanja Milkovic Hayes created costumes for the Ba'ku from cellulose fibers, which were baked and glued together. Jerry Goldsmith produced the film's score, his fourth for the franchise.

''Insurrection'' was the highest-grossing film on its opening weekend, making $22.1 million in the United States and Canada. The film went on to gross $70.2 million in the United States and Canada, and an additional $42.4 million in other territories, for a theatrical run of $117.8 million worldwide. Critical responses to the film were mixed; the performance of Patrick Stewart and the directing of Jonathan Frakes were praised, while other critics compared it to an extended episode of the television series. ''Insurrection'' was nominated for both a Saturn Award and a Hugo Award, but the only award it received was a Youth in Film Award for Michael Welch. It was followed by '' Star Trek: Nemesis'' in 2002.

Plot

Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) is temporarily transferred to an undercover mission observing the peaceful Ba'ku people. While on their planet, he malfunctions and reveals the presence of the joint Federation–Son'a task force observing the Ba'ku. Admiral Matthew Dougherty (Anthony Zerbe) contacts the USS ''Enterprise''-E to obtain Data's schematics for recovery purposes, but adamantly states the presence of the ''Enterprise'' is not needed. The crew decides to ignore these orders and takes the ''Enterprise'' to capture Data. Captain Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart) becomes suspicious of Dougherty's insistence that the ''Enterprise'' is no longer needed and orders the cause of Data's malfunction to be investigated. The crew discovers that the Ba'ku possess advanced technology, but have rejected its use to live simpler lives. Due to unique "metaphasic particles" emanating from their planet's rings, they are effectively immortal. By contrast, the Federation's allies, the Son'a, are a decrepit race who rely on medical technology to prevent death; their excessive use of cosmetic surgery gives them a mummified appearance. The ''Enterprise'' crew also begin to experience the rejuvenation effects of the planet: Lt. Commander Geordi La Forge (LeVar Burton) finds his eyes have regenerated and he no longer requires ocular implants, Commander William Riker (Jonathan Frakes) and Counselor Deanna Troi (Marina Sirtis) rekindle their long-abandoned relationship, and Picard develops a romantic relationship with the Ba'ku woman Anij (Donna Murphy).

Data and Picard discover a submerged and cloaked Federation ship containing a gigantic holodeck set up to recreate the Ba'ku home village. Data's malfunction stems from a Son'a attack, the result of his accidental discovery of the vessel. Picard confronts Dougherty and learns that top Federation officers colluded with the Son'a to deceptively move the Ba'ku to the ship and forcibly relocate them to another planet, allowing for the particles to be collected on a mass scale (poisoning the planet in the process). Dougherty orders the ''Enterprise'' to leave. Picard retorts that the medical benefits of the particles does not justify Dougherty's plans for the Ba'ku and violates the Prime Directive.

Picard is joined by some of his crew to help the Ba'ku escape from being abducted while Riker takes the ''Enterprise'' to transmission range so he can communicate the violation to Starfleet. The Son'a send robotic probes to locate and capture the fleeing Ba'ku. The Son'a leader, Ahdar Ru'afo (F. Murray Abraham), convinces Dougherty to allow two Son'a ships to attack the ''Enterprise''. Riker defeats the attacking ships and the ''Enterprise'' escapes. Their plan exposed, Ru'afo insists upon harvesting the radiation source immediately. Picard, Anij, and several Ba'ku are transported as prisoners onto the Son'a ship. Picard reveals to Dougherty that the Son'a and the Ba'ku are the same race: The Son'a are a splinter faction of Ba'ku who gave up their bucolic existence a century earlier to embrace the use of technology. They attempted to seize power, but failed, and the Ba'ku elders exiled them from the planet, denying them the rejuvenating effects of the rings. The Son'a developed an artificial and imperfect means to extend their lives at the cost of disfigurement, and now seek revenge. Ru'afo kills Dougherty when he backs out of the plan and moves to finish the collection.

While Picard is being prepared for execution, he convinces the disillusioned Son'a Gallatin (Gregg Henry) to help him stop Ru'afo. Picard masterminds a ruse to transport Ru'afo and his bridge crew to the holoship and disable the harvester. Ru'afo discovers the deception and transports to the harvester ship to manually restart the process. Picard follows and sets the harvester to self-destruct, killing Ru'afo and escaping on the ''Enterprise''. The remaining Son'a are forgiven and welcomed back by the Ba'ku. Picard arranges a meeting between Gallatin and his Ba'ku mother to thank him for his help. The crew takes a moment to enjoy their rejuvenated selves before returning to their previous mission.

Cast

* Patrick Stewart as Captain Jean-Luc Picard
* Jonathan Frakes as Commander William T. Riker
* Brent Spiner as Lieutenant Commander Data
* LeVar Burton as Lieutenant Commander Geordi La Forge
* Michael Dorn as Lieutenant Commander Worf
* Gates McFadden as Doctor Beverly Crusher
* Marina Sirtis as Counselor Deanna Troi
* F. Murray Abraham as Ru'afo, the commander of the Son'a.
* Donna Murphy as Anij, a Ba'ku woman.
* Anthony Zerbe as Vice Admiral Dougherty.
* Gregg Henry as Gallatin, a member of the Son'a crew and Ru'afo's second in command.
* Daniel Hugh Kelly as Sojef, a Ba'ku man.
* Michael Welch as Artim, Sojef's son.
* Mark Deakins as Tournel, a young Ba'ku man.
* Stephanie Niznik as Ensign Perim.

Patrick Stewart thought that the first ''Next Generation'' film, ''Star Trek Generations'', was too much like a television episode but thought that his character, Captain Jean-Luc Picard, was redefined as a "movie hero" in '' Star Trek: First Contact''. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 278 He was concerned that in the new film, the character would return to that seen in the television series. Michael Piller said that in order to be a hero, Picard "should be acting out of a moral and ethical mindset, and stand for principles that are important to umanity. Stewart was later pleased with the film's romantic sub-plot, calling it "charming" and saying that he was "feeling very good about it." He thought that the film had a lighter tone than previous films, saying, "It shows our crew having a little more fun than we normally see them doing". Stewart was disappointed that a scene in which Picard and Anij kiss was cut from the final version of the film, saying that "It was a studio decision, but still somewhat inexplicable to me as I feel the audience were waiting for some kind of romantic culmination to the relationship, which did happen and was extremely pleasant." Stewart received a producer's credit on the film.

''Star Trek: Insurrection'' is the second ''Star Trek'' film to be directed by Jonathan Frakes.

Jonathan Frakes appeared as Commander William Riker, and as with ''First Contact'' he directed the project. Brent Spiner starred as Lieutenant Commander Data, asking for the character to be killed in ''Insurrection'' out of concern for aging out of the role. His copy of the script came with a note from the production team saying, "Sorry, kill you later". The underwater scene required Spiner to wear extra makeup to make it waterproof. LeVar Burton reprised his role of Lieutenant Commander Geordi La Forge; a month before the release of ''Insurrection'' he appeared in the role in a guest appearance in the ''Star Trek: Voyager'' episode " Timeless".

Michael Dorn returned as Lieutenant Commander Worf, having portrayed him in ''Deep Space Nine'' since 1995. Reprising her role as Doctor Beverly Crusher, Gates McFadden said that "Shooting ''Star Trek'' and getting paid to do it is great. But what's actually changed my life the most is traveling around and ... being a tiny little part of this huge mythology that has changed people's lives, in many ways for the better." Marina Sirtis appeared once more as Counselor Deanna Troi. She was positive about the film, saying "we've been involved with this for eleven years, we've done 179 episodes, three movies, and there are still surprises. There are more layers in this movie, it's not as black and white. It goes back to a lot of what Gene Roddenberry felt about ''Star Trek'' — I think he's going to be very happy up there when he sees this movie."

Before the casting process, no actors had been considered for the roles of the Son'a leader, the Ba'ku woman, and the Starfleet admiral. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 283 The Son'a leader, Ahdar Ru'afo, was portrayed by F. Murray Abraham, who won an Academy Award for his performance in ''Amadeus''. Nemecek (2003): p. 337 Abraham was given the role without an audition. Abraham said of the franchise, "I was around when the series was first introduced to television and it was a hoot". He praised his make-up and prosthetics, saying "The idea that you can be somebody else behind the mask is an extraordinary feeling — it's very primitive and mysterious. A gap opens somewhere in the brain and it encourages wildness. It had me chewing at the scenery". He was particularly pleased to be working with Patrick Stewart.

Donna Murphy played the Ba'ku woman Anij, who is Picard's love interest. Eighty actresses auditioned for the role, which was awarded to Murphy who had previously won two Tony Awards for her roles in the Broadway musicals '' Passion'' and ''The King and I''. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 284 Murphy was such a favorite of Frakes and the producers that after auditioning, only a small number of other actresses were seen. She said of the role, "I feel a great honor and responsibility to be a part of this film, because I know that the ''Star Trek'' audience has such a devotion to and affection for these richly drawn characters."

Filmed scenes featuring Armin Shimerman and Max Grodénchik were cut from the final release of the film.

Anthony Zerbe originally auditioned for the role of Ru'afo, and was considered to be the best choice for it. However, the production team decided instead to cast him in the role of Admiral Matthew Dougherty. During Zerbe's audition, instead of reading the lines provided, he recited ''Dante's Inferno'' before seamlessly moving into the script. Frakes and the producers unanimously decided to award him the part of Dougherty. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 285 In the film's smaller roles, Stephanie Niznik played Ensign Kell Perim and Daniel Hugh Kelly appeared as Sojef. Gregg Henry appeared as Gallatin, and 10-year-old Michael Welch played the Ba'ku child Artim. Nemecek (2003): p. 338 Michael Horton returned as the tactical officer he portrayed in ''First Contact''; his character was called Lieutenant Daniels in this film. Nemecek (2003): p. 322 Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave guitarist Tom Morello played a Son'a warrior. Morello's make-up regime began at 5 am, at which time he said he would normally "be crawling back into my coffin".

Several of the film's actors had previously appeared in the ''Star Trek'' franchise. Bruce French, who portrayed Son'a Officer Number 1, appeared as Sabin Genestra in ''The Next Generation'' episode "The Drumhead" and as the Ocampa doctor in the ''Voyager'' pilot episode. Son'a Officer Number 3 was played by Joseph Ruskin, who appeared in four episodes across the ''Star Trek'' franchise: ''The Original Series'' episode "The Gamesters of Triskelion", and the ''Deep Space Nine'' episodes " Improbable Cause" and " Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places" and the ''Voyager'' episode "Gravity". Nemecek (2003): p. 343 McKenzie Westmore, daughter of make-up supervisor Michael Westmore, played a Ba'ku woman. She previously appeared as a child in ''The Next Generation'' season one episode " When the Bough Breaks" and as Ensign Jenkins in the ''Voyager'' episode "Warhead". Scenes cut from the film would have featured two of the actors who played Ferengi on ''Deep Space Nine'': Max Grodénchik, more familiar as Rom, was to have appeared as a Trill in the library scene. Armin Shimerman filmed a scene in his role as Quark, in which he tries to set up timeshares on the Ba'ku planet at the end of the film.

Production

Development and writing

Following the success of ''First Contact'', Paramount Pictures wanted a change in pace to give the follow-up film a lighter tone. Because '' Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home'' is light in tone, yet was the most successful of all the ''Star Trek'' films at the box office as of then, Paramount reasoned that this success could be repeated with the new film. Piller (1998): p. 11 Michael Piller was asked to write the script, and accepted the position. Piller wished to escape the development hell of another project he was in. Piller (1998): p. 7 He wanted to give the crew a feeling of family, with a story featuring overtones of the Joseph Conrad novel '' Heart of Darkness''. Nemecek (2003): p. 334 Rick Berman wanted to see Picard undertake a rescue mission in a similar manner to the 1937 film, ''The Prisoner of Zenda''. Berman also originated an idea to have Picard kidnapped, and replaced with a surgically modified imposter. Piller was doubtful about Berman's idea, reasoning that the audience would not want to see an entire film in which Picard is not the lead star — the character would look like Patrick Stewart, but would be different. Piller (1998): p. 10 A further idea from Berman would have seen the return of Lore, last seen in the episode "Descent", in a film which was described as similar in tone to ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan''.

Piller initially thought to write a Fountain of Youth-type story, later saying, "Everybody's consumed with images of youth. There's commercials, plastic surgery — our culture seems obsessed with youth." He called the initial treatment "Heart of Lightness". Piller (1998): p. 12 Eric A. Stillwell was Piller's executive assistant and script coordinator. When Piller agreed to write a book about the making of ''Insurrection'', Pocket Books hired Stillwell as Piller's typist and research assistant. The book went unpublished, and it was alleged that Paramount Pictures suppressed it. Following Piller's death in 2005, the book was published on the internet. Piller (1998): p. 2

Piller's first draft treatment for the film was titled ''Star Trek: Stardust'', taken from the 1927 song "Stardust" by Hoagy Carmichael after hearing Nat King Cole's version on the radio. The treatment featured Picard resigning from Starfleet after he is sent to retrieve a population and their youth-giving power, and bring them to an alien government, and included a betrayal by Picard's rogue colleague. The draft went through several versions with only the crew's mission and the Briar Patch — named after the area from the Br'er Rabbit stories — remaining. Berman suggested that Data become the renegade crew-member that Picard must deal with. The plot was similar to ''The Next Generation'' episode " Homeward" in that a people were being relocated through use of a holodeck. The use of a duck blind to observe cultures was previously used in the episode "Who Watches the Watchers".

In one draft, Picard kills Data early in the film, and the android is later resurrected to help the Captain in the finale. The first two drafts featured the Romulans as the protagonists, since they had never prominently appeared in a ''Star Trek'' film. The second draft was seen by Jonathan Dolgen at the studio; Dolgen was not pleased and Patrick Stewart thought that it would have been only suitable for a television episode. Piller (1998): p. 34 Piller (1998): p. 35 In the third draft, the Son'a were introduced as the children of the Ba'ku and the alien race that wanted to plunder the planet. That version also included the crew sub-plots, such as the Troi-Riker romance and the regeneration of La Forge's eyes. Stewart, who was concerned that the film was a step back in scope from ''First Contact'', was consulted on the treatments. Nemecek (2003): p. 335

Ira Steven Behr ''(pictured)'' reviewed the first script at the request of Michael Piller.
Piller drafted the first version of the script and asked Ira Steven Behr, executive producer of '' Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'', to review it. Behr was critical of the script, describing the Son'a as "paper tigers". Piller said that "I knew he was right. There's no question that first draft was trying to tell two stories, and that's one too many for a movie." Piller re-drafted the script, adding a romantic subplot for Picard in the shape of Anij, a Ba'ku woman. He added gravitas to the Son'a to make them more menacing, and the ending was changed to include a massive Son'a collector ship and a confrontation between Picard and Ru'afo aboard the ship. A version of the script was subsequently leaked onto the internet. At the same time, Piller and Berman were exploring titles for the film, including '' Prime Directive'', ''The Directive'', ''The Resignation'', ''The Enemy Within'', ''Breach of Promise'', ''Dereliction of Duty'' and ''Apostasy'', because, they reasoned, that they could not submit it to the studio under the title of ''Stardust''. They could not settle on a title, so they submitted it as ''Star Trek IX''. Piller (1998): p. 55

The studio was pleased with the post-Behr version of the script, which was the first version of the script they saw, having previously only seen pre-script treatments. Piller (1998): p. 57 In a memo to Piller, it was described as "easily the funniest and sexiest ''Star Trek'' story to date". They gave Piller a series of directions, including a request for a resolution to the Troi and Riker romance and for the character of Reginald Barclay to be replaced with expanded roles either for Beverley Crusher, Worf, or a new character. Piller (1998): p. 58 Piller (1998): p. 59

Patrick Stewart sought a change to the script to have the crew defend the Ba'ku village in the manner of the Battle of the Alamo instead of fleeing into the mountains. Piller could not find a feasible way to include this in the script, and the budget ruled out the creation of Alamo-like structures in the mountains. Piller (1998): p. 72 Several titles were considered for the film as shooting approached. ''Star Trek: Where Time Stands Still'', ''Star Trek: Forever'' and ''Star Trek: Beyond Paradise'' were all considered but were rejected. Piller's favorite was ''Star Trek: Sacred Honor'', but the studio rejected this, because they were concerned that it sounded too religious. When shooting began, the film was still called ''Star Trek IX''. Piller (1998): p. 87

The final version of the script was distributed to the cast, but Patrick Stewart did not receive a copy. Berman was concerned that if anyone had a problem with it, they would call Stewart to complain and it would appear as though Stewart was being left out because he had criticized the story. LeVar Burton called Stewart to praise the script. Stewart was sent a copy and requested a meeting to discuss changes. Piller feared the worst, but after a twenty-minute meeting with Stewart, who requested several dialogue changes, the script was finalized. Piller (1998): p. 92 During pre-production, the marketing department wanted to decide a title, preferring ''Star Trek: Revolution''. Alan Spencer, a friend of Piller, suggested ''Insurrection'', which was selected from a choice of ''Insurrection'', ''Rebellion'', ''High Treason'' and ''Act of Treason''.

After filming was complete, test screenings were held, and the production team became aware of a problem with the ending. Piller (1998): p. 98 In the original ending, Ru'afo is ejected into space from the Son'a collector ship and de-ages rapidly as he floats amongst the rings of the planet Ba'ku. The revised ending saw the ''Enterprise'' swoop in at the last minute to save Picard and destroy the collector ship with Ru'afo aboard. Piller (1998): p. 102 The studio liked the new ending but wanted a bigger space battle. The production team agreed providing they could postpone the release to allow enough time for this. Because the studio wanted ''Insurrection'' to be released in time for Christmas, no further revisions were made to the ending. Piller (1998): p. 109

Visual effects

''Insurrection'' was the first ''Star Trek'' film with space-based effects produced entirely using computer-generated imagery (CGI). While CGI had been used for specific effects since '' Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan''; ''Insurrection'' was the first ''Star Trek'' film to be made without using physical models of spacecraft. Santa Barbara Studios produced the effects, which included CGI starship models. The texture on the model of the Enterprise-E was created from a series of close-up photographs of the model ''Enterprise'' which had been used in ''First Contact''. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 275 The planet-based effects, such as phaser fire, transporter effects and the Son'a drones were created by Blue Sky Studios. Peter Lauritson was the co-producer for post-production.

Herman Zimmerman was the production designer, and had three months to design and construct 55 full sets for the film, eighteen more than used in the previous film in the series. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 265 Zimmerman said that it was "probably the most scenery we've built for a ''Star Trek'' motion picture since the first one, when everything was brand new". The Ba'ku village was built in full scale on location at Lake Sherwood, California, with architectural designs combining Thai, Balinese and Polynesian styles. The village included a bakery, a farm with a full irrigation system, a city hall, and a city square which was referred to as the "rotunda". The location shoot lasted for six weeks. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 266 The buildings included sections built with styrofoam, which were cut out using computer aided design and computer-aided manufacturing techniques. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 267 These were covered in hardcoat to make them look as though they were made from stone, but they were not made waterproof. The set suffered water damage following record-levels of rainfall during the spring of 1998. The foam warped as it dried out in the sun, causing delays in shooting while repairs were made. Nemecek (2003): p. 341

Sets built for use in '' Star Trek: Voyager'' were redressed to appear as the ''Enterprise''-E in ''Insurrection''; Captain Janeway's quarters became Picard's, the ''Voyager'' briefing room became Riker's quarters, and part of the ''Voyager'' engineering set became the ''Enterprise'' library. The interior of the scoutship flown by Data was originally the cockpit of the ''Voyager''s shuttlecraft, while the interior of the ''Enterprise'' shuttlecraft used the interior set from a ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' Runabout. Nemecek (2003): p. 342 Filming began on March 31, 1998, and concluded on July 2. According to Frakes, half of the time shooting was spent on location. The scenes in which the ''Enterprise'' crew and the Ba'ku take refuge in the mountains were shot on location above Lake Sabrina in the Sierra Nevada in locations which could only be reached by helicopter. The location was around above sea level, and a medic was on standby with oxygen if the cast or crew required it.

After filming, parts of the interior sets of the So'na ships were added using CGI. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 271 Stage 15 on the Paramount lot was used for the climactic scene between Picard and Ru'afo. Because of the dangers of the four-story scaffolding-like set, the actors were attached by safety cables at all times. Reeves-Stevens (1998): p. 274 Paramount's B tank, which was used to represent San Francisco Bay in ''Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home'', was used to shoot footage of Picard, Data and Anij at the Ba'ku lake. For a scene in which Data walks along a lake bed, the actor's tricorder prop was covered with plastic to make it watertight.

Costumes and make-up

Make-up supervisor Michael Westmore aimed to create a look for the Son'a that was not exaggerated. He consulted several sculptors; Dean Jones, who was on the production staff for ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'', created the look. The prosthetics for Ru'afo consisted of overlapping layers that were stretched over Abraham's head. Westmore said Abraham's prosthetics was "like a rubber band, F. Murray Abraham could turn his head and the skin would look translucent. It was so thin, and the layers were pulling on each other." Nemecek (2003): p. 336 The two other aliens on the Son'a vessels also had specific prosthetic make-up designs created. The Tarlac's look was based on reptilian skin, while the Ellora required only nose and forehead prosthetics.

The film also gave costume designer Robert Blackman an opportunity to address issues with the Starfleet dress uniforms, which Blackman had changed on several occasions during ''The Next Generation''. The uniforms appeared for the first time in the episode " Lonely Among Us", and were based on the 18th century designs for the Royal Navy. Nemecek (2003): p. 39 For ''Insurrection'', Blackman initially thought of creating a uniform with short jackets in blue, red and gold, which he later said was "not a good idea". His eventual design removed the color palettes for specific divisions. Blackman said, "No matter what, white over black has a formal look to it." Sanja Milkovic Hayes created the remaining new costumes for the film. She avoided making the Ba'ku look too cute, and used material made from cellulose fiber specifically created for ''Insurrection''. She said it was organic, and was simply cooked and then glued together. The Son'a costumes were made from layers of crushed velvet and metal strips. The female bodysuits were made of latex; Hayes wanted them to appear "sexy, but not vulgar" and described the outfits as "very conservative".

Music

The score for ''Insurrection'' was composed by Jerry Goldsmith; his fourth score for the franchise. Bond (1998): p. 163 Goldsmith continued using the march and Klingon themes written for ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture'' in 1979, adding new themes and variations. ''Insurrection'' opens with Alexander Courage's ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' fanfare, introducing a six-note motif used in many of the film's action sequences. The Ba'ku are scored with a pastoral theme with repeating harps, string sections and a woodwind solo. The Ba'ku's ability to slow time was accompanied with a variation of this music. Bond (1998): p. 164

Goldsmith used quick bursts of brass music to accompany the starship sequences. For scenes in which observers are watching the Ba'ku unseen, Goldsmith used a "spying theme" that resembles his conspiracy theme from ''Capricorn One''. Composed of a piano, timpani percussion, and brass, the theme builds until it is interrupted by the action theme as Data opens fire. Goldsmith did not write a motif for the Son'a, but scored the action sequence without designating the Son'a as an antagonist, suggesting the film's revelation that the Son'a and Ba'ku are related. The film's climax is scored with the action theme, which is balanced with "sense of wonder" music similar to cues from ''The Motion Picture''.

One scene in the film shows Patrick Stewart and Brent Spiner conducting a duet of ''A British Tar'' from the Gilbert and Sullivan comic-opera ''H.M.S. Pinafore''. This replaced the original idea of Picard and Data reciting scenes from Shakespeare's play ''King Lear''. Piller (1998): p. 80 Stewart had suggested that they sing ''Three Little Maids from School are we'' from ''The Mikado'' instead, but the producers described this as "too vulgar". Stewart and Spiner had previously sung together on Spiner's 1991 album ''Ol' Yellow Eyes Is Back''.

In 2013, GNP Crescendo Records re-released the soundtrack for the film as an expanded collector's edition NPD 8082 featuring previously unreleased tracks by Goldsmith plus four bonus tracks.

Reception

Release

The world premiere of ''Insurrection'' launched the 1998 CineVegas film festival. It went on general release in the U.S. and Canada on December 11, 1998. The film grossed $22.4 million over the opening weekend; the most of any film during that period. It averaged a total of $8,417 per location across 2,620 theaters, but fell short of the opening weekend takings of both ''First Contact'' and ''Generations'', which were $30.7 million and $23.1 million respectively.

''Insurrection'' was the highest-grossing film during the first week of its release in the United States, and stayed in the top ten for a further three weeks. During its first week of release in the UK, it was the highest-grossing film, exceeding the takings of the Will Smith film ''Enemy of the State''. ''Insurrection'' enjoyed a two-week spell at the top of the UK box office and eventually earned £7,429,398, roughly the same as ''Generations''. It went on to gross $70,187,658 in the US and $47,612,342 in other countries for a total of $117,800,000 worldwide against a $70 million budget. It was the first ''Star Trek'' film to be promoted through the official website, which was called the "Star Trek Continuum" at the time. Following the success of the film, Rick Berman said that he wanted to release the next film in the series three years after ''Insurrection''. Referencing Stanley Kubrick's '' 2001: A Space Odyssey'', he said, "The notion of releasing a science fiction film in the year 2001 is very seductive."

Critical response

The critical response to ''Insurrection'' was mixed. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 55% based on 67 reviews, with critic consensus being that, "Although not terrible, the sluggishly paced Insurrection plays like an extended episode of the TV series." On Metacritic the film has a score of 64 out of 100, based on reviews from 19 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B+.

The '' Los Angeles Daily News'' said that the film had the "bare bones of one of those pseudo-philosophical political allegories ''Trek'' has always done so entertainingly. But the movie blows it." It praised the directing of Jonathan Frakes and the computer generated special effects and gave the film two and a half stars overall. The '' Daily Herald'' also gave the film two and a half stars, describing it as a "slickly made" movie with a plot "scaled down to its TV roots", and criticized the "frivolous" romance between Riker and Troi. ''The Washington Times'' gave the film one and a half stars, saying that it was "consistently flat-footed and slow on the uptake", and that there was "ramshackle confusion during the climactic scenes".

The Scottish ''Daily Record'' praised F. Murray Abraham and described Anthony Zerbe as "ever-dependable". It said the plot was good, but that it was simply an extended episode of ''The Next Generation'', and gave it a score of six out of ten. The British newspaper ''The People'' also said it was an extended television episode.

''The Independent'' said that ''Insurrection'' "never stops being familiarly jolly and antiquated", and called the entire ''Star Trek'' film franchise "old-fashioned". ''The Washington Post'' also called the film old fashioned, but "in the best sense of the word", and said that the film did what the "doctor – make that Dr. 'Bones' McCoy – ordered". British journalist Simon Rose, writing for ''The Daily Mirror'' was more critical of the film, saying that it failed to break the odd-numbered ''Star Trek'' film curse, and that it was "feeble", "moribund" and "tedious". However, Josh Spiegel writing for ''The Buffalo News'' said that ''Insurrection'' broke the odd-numbered film rule. Further criticism came from the ''Birmingham Evening Mail'', which said that it was "an adult form of entertainment equivalent to ''Teletubbies'' for babies", and that there were "lots of repetition, rubbery faces, gibberish dialogue, characters leaping up and down in funny suits and some very basic effects". The reviewer gave the film two stars for fans, and none for non-fans. In ''Folklore/Cinema: Popular Film as Vernacular Culture'', the actions of Data and the Ba'ku child Artim in ''Insurrection'' are seen as "a metamorphosis motif where a child becomes computerlike and a computer/android becomes more childlike". Data specifically "is a metaphor for a child who seeks to understand what being human means and then, like the velveteen rabbit, wishes to become. From confronting his father and evil brother to finding his mother, Data also represents the potential within all of us to quest for a fuller humanity".

Accolades

The film was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film at the 25th Saturn Awards; the prize was shared by ''Armageddon'' and '' Dark City''. In 1999, it was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, which went to ''The Truman Show''. It was nominated for Best Family Feature Film: Drama at the 20th Youth in Film Awards and won the individual award for Best Performance in a Feature Film: Supporting Young Actor for Michael Welch.

Home media

The first home media release of the film was made simultaneously on VHS, Laserdisc and DVD on May 11, 1999, in the United States, and outside the US on VHS later that year. The film was released on June 5, 2000, in the United Kingdom, and was one of the first titles to be released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment International in Europe and Japan.

A video game which followed up on the events of ''Insurrection'' was released in 2000. Entitled '' Star Trek: Hidden Evil'', it was set nine months after the events depicted in the film. In its narrative, a Son'a colony has been created on Ba'ku, and an archaeological discovery which shares similarities with ''The Next Generation'' episode " The Chase" is made. The game was developed by Presto Studios and published by Activision.

An ''Insurrection'' "Special Collector's Edition" two-disc set was released in 2005 at the same time as three other ''Next Generation'' films and ''Star Trek: Enterprise''s fourth season, marking the first time that every film and episode of the franchise was available on home video. The film was presented with the same technical specifications as the previous release and a new DTS soundtrack, but it shipped without an audio commentary. The DVD includes a text track by Michael and Denise Okuda that provides production trivia and relevant facts about the ''Star Trek'' universe. The second disc contains six "making-of" videos, including one about the construction of the Ba'ku village and one about Michael Westmore's make-up designs for the film.

As part of a collection of ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' films, ''Insurrection'' was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 22, 2009. The Blu-ray transfer is presented in 1080p high definition enhanced for widescreen television and features 5.1 Dolby TrueHD audio in English, French and Spanish. The release also contains "Creating the Illusion" featurettes and new commentary by Jonathan Frakes and Marina Sirtis.

See also

* ''Star Trek'' film series
* List of films featuring extraterrestrials