SS Sirius (1885)

SS ''Sirius'' was a Norwegian iron-hulled steamship built in Germany in 1885. ''Sirius'' spent over 55 years sailing with cargo, regular passengers and tourists between Norway and Europe, and on the Norwegian coast. In 1894-1895, she served a year on the Hurtigruten route on the coast of Norway, before reverting to her former duties.

''Sirius'' was rebuilt twice, the final rebuild in 1927 converting her to a dedicated cargo ship, a role which she fulfilled for the rest of her existence. Following the 1940 German invasion of Norway, she was requisitioned by the Norwegian government and carried supplies for both the civilian authorities and the military until bombed and sunk by a German aircraft on 18 May 1940.

Construction and characteristics

''Sirius'' was built as yard number 76 at the '' Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft'' shipyard in Flensburg, Germany. Displacing , the iron-hulled steamship was launched on 26 February 1885. ''Sirius'' featured an overbuilt ("hurricane" or awning) deck, and was powered by a 700 indicated horsepower two-cylinder compound steam engine, propelling her at a speed of .Bakka 2003, p. 49 She was long, with a beam of and a draught of . At completion, she was delivered in April 1885 to the Bergen Steamship Company in Bergen, Norway. ''Sirius'', which had cost to build, was one of four ships acquired by the Bergen Steamship Company around that time to replace the mid-19th century vessels then in service with the company.Solemdal 1946, p. 141

''Sirius'' was divided into three passenger classes for 70 passengers, with 24 First Class cabins, 22 cabins in the Second Class and 24 in the Third Class section of the ship. The passenger accommodation was located at the main deck, while the cargo holds were situated afore and abaft of the engine room.

''Sirius'' was named after the star Sirius, in keeping with Bergen Steamship Company's tradition of naming their ships after heavenly objects.

Early service

The Bergen Steamship Company's initial use for ''Sirius'' was as a passenger/cargo vessel connecting the various ports of Norway with the North-German port city of Hamburg. In this regard, she sailed between Hamburg and Norwegian ports as far apart as Kristiansand and Vadsø.

She also carried tourists during the summer season. On one occasion in 1890, ''Sirius'' encountered the German royal yacht ''Hohenzollern I'', carrying Emperor Wilhelm II on one of his cruises to Norway. As the two ships passed each other off Kristiansund, ''Sirius'' raised her flag and fired a salute gun in honour of the German emperor.

In 1890, following a great fire which destroyed large parts of the port city of Hammerfest, the Norwegian Internal Affairs Department despatched ''Sirius'' from Tromsø with 50 barrels of bread, butter, coffee and flour to Hammerfest as emergency aid.

Hurtigruten service

In 1894, the year after businessman Richard With and his ''Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab'' had pioneered the Hurtigruten coastal passenger/cargo route along the coast of Norway, fulfilling a government contract with his steamer , the Bergen Steamship Company and '' Nordenfjeldske Dampskibsselskab'' gained a joint four-year contract to sail the route. While ''Nordenfjeldske'' employed the brand-new , the Bergen Steamship Company used four older ships on the route. The two companies were to sail the route alternate years. The first voyage of the new business venture began on 3 July 1894, when ''Sirius'' set sail from north from Trondheim. During the summer season the route transported goods and passengers between ports from Trondheim to Hammerfest, while the winter route only went as far north as Tromsø.

''Sirius'' ended her stint on the Hurtigruten route on 1 July 1895, when ''Nordenfjeldske'' stepped in in accordance with the contract. While on Hurtigruten service, ''Sirius'' had set out on her northbound route from Brattøra in Trondheim each Thursday at 08:00.

Passenger/cargo and tourist service

Once finished with her year on the Hurtigruten service, ''Sirius'' returned to her Hamburg-Norway route. Every spring, she was taken out of service for cleaning and maintenance, before being employed as a tourist cruise ship on the coast of Norway during the summer season.

In 1896, ''Sirius'' had electric lighting installed, and in 1898 she stood in on the route from Bergen to Newcastle in England for ships undergoing maintenance.

1908 rebuild and continued traffic

In 1908, ''Sirius'' was taken out of service for a comprehensive rebuild. Laxevaag Maskin- og Jernskipsbyggeri in Bergen carried out the work on ''Sirius'', increasing her length to . The rebuilding also saw the replacement of her two-cylinder compound steam engine with a 950 indicated horsepower triple expansion steam engine.

Following the rebuild, ''Sirius'' was employed both on her previous passenger/cargo routes, and on a route between Norway and Iceland. The route between Hamburg and Norway sailed by ''Sirius'' and other ships was interrupted by the First World War in 1914–18, and was resumed as a reduced service between Hamburg and Bergen in 1918. By 1918, ''Sirius'' was an old and rat-infested ship, barely fit for passenger transport, and was replaced on the route by newer vessels.

Cargo ship conversion

In 1927, ''Sirius'' had further rebuilding carried out. The rebuild, which cost , saw the removal of her passenger accommodation and a conversion to carry only cargo. Twelve cabins were retained, although not used for regular passenger traffic. As a cargo ship, she had a tonnage of (). For the rest of her career, she carried cargo between the Norwegian capital city of Oslo and Norway's northernmost county, Finnmark. By 1930, she had been assigned the code letters JVTL, and had wireless radio on board. In 1934, the code letters were changed to LEUS and remained so for the remainder of the ship's life.

Second World War

German invasion

When Germany invaded neutral Norway on 9 April 1940, ''Sirius'' was located in Northern Norway. On 8 April, the day before the Germans launched their attack on Norway, she had left Narvik, bound for Tromsø. Along with other ships in the still-unoccupied areas of Norway, ''Sirius'' was requisitioned by the Norwegian authorities to support the war effort against the Germans. Following her requisition, ''Sirius'' sailed as a supply ship for the Norwegian civilian authorities and military in Northern Norway. In all, the Norwegian government requisitioned 30 ships during the April–June fighting in Norway, of which six were sunk by the Germans.

Sinking

On 18 May, ''Sirius'' was on her way from Tromsø to Risøyhamn to retrieve a number of requisitioned civilian motor vehicles. The vehicles were destined for Helgeland further south in Northern Norway, where Norwegian forces were opposing advancing German units. ''Sirius'' sailed in ballast, having unloaded a cargo of hay at Røsneshavn after departing Tromsø. She had left Røsneshavn in the morning of 17 May 1940. ''Sirius'' was under instructions to use an outer route off the island of Senja, but due to misunderstandings was sailing close to the coast, where German bombers were regularly patrolling.Nordanger 1975, pp. 30-31

In the late evening of 18 May, ''Sirius'' was spotted by a German bomber aircraft He 111 in the strait Solbergfjorden off Finnlandsnes on Dyrøya in Troms county. The bomber, flown by Hauptmann and later Ritterkreuzträger Robert Kowalewski (Stabsstaffel/Korpsführungskette/X. Fliegerkorps), who was assisted by his observer ''Fliegerführer Drontheim'' Major i. G. Martin Harlinghausen, came from a westerly direction, and after first strafing ''Sirius'', the German aircraft attacked with seven bombs, and despite evasive manoeuvring by the Norwegian vessel, hit ''Sirius'' with two of them, sinking her. The first bomb hit the bow area, while the second struck amidships, breaking the ship in two lengthwise, in what was described by eyewitnesses on shore as "opening up like a book".Hafsten, Larsstuvold, Olsen and Stenersen 2005, p. 51 Seven crew members, including both the captain and the first mate, were killed in the sinking, while 11 survivors were rescued from the water by local people in rowing boats. The survivors, who had been strafed in the water by the German aircraft, were later retrieved by the submarine tender and the local steamer and brought to Harstad.Vold 1995, p. 266

The wreck of ''Sirius'' lies north of Dyrøya, at depths between and .

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirius (1885)
Maritime incidents in May 1940
Norwegian campaign
Passenger ships of Norway
Ships built in Flensburg
Steamships of Norway
World War I merchant ships of Norway
World War II merchant ships of Norway
World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea
1885 ships
Ships sunk by German aircraft