Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...

Rosa Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: People *Rosa (given name) * Rosa (surname) * Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose) Places * 223 Rosa, an asteroid *Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States * Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, ...

''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''

Alchemilla ''Alchemilla'' is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Rosaceae, with the common name lady's mantle applied generically as well as specifically to ''Alchemilla mollis'' when referred to as a garden plant. The plant used as a herb ...

'' (270), ''

Sorbus ''Sorbus'' is a genus of over 100 species of trees and shrubs in the rose family, Rosaceae. Species of ''Sorbus'' (''s.l.'') are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan ( mountain-ash) and service tree. The exact number of species is disputed depe ...

'' (260), '' Crataegus'' (260), ''

Cotoneaster ''Cotoneaster'' is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region (temperate Asia, Europe, north Africa), with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China an ...

'' (260), ''

Rubus ''Rubus'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, with over 1,350 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of the ...

'' (250), and ''

Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, Cherry, cherries, peaches, Peach#Nectarine, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of Sou ...

'' (200), which contains the plums, cherries,

peach The peach (''Prunus persica'') is a deciduous tree first domesticated and cultivated in Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It bears edible juicy fruits with various characteristics, most called peaches and others (the glossy-skinned, non-fu ...

es, apricots, and almonds. However, all of these numbers should be seen as estimates—much taxonomic work remains. The family Rosaceae includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, ...

, but some are

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

. They have a worldwide range but are most diverse in the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

. Many economically important products come from the Rosaceae, including various edible fruits, such as

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, wh ...

pear Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the p ...

s, quinces, apricots, plums, cherries, peaches,

raspberries The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus ''Rubus'' of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus '' Idaeobatus''. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with ...

blackberries The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus ''Rubus'' in the family (biology), family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus ''Rubus'', and hybrids between the subgenera ''Rubus'' and ''Idaeobatus' ...

loquat The loquat (''Eriobotrya japonica'') is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its orange fruit and for its leaves, which are used to make herbal tea. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant. The loquat is in the family R ...

strawberries The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; ''Fragaria × ananassa'') is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus '' Fragaria'', collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely ap ...

rose hip The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the various species of rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after pollina ...

s, hawthorns, and almonds. The family also includes popular ornamental trees and shrubs, such as

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

s, meadowsweets,

rowan The rowans ( or ) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus ''Sorbus ''Sorbus'' is a genus of over 100 species of trees and shrubs in the rose family, Rosaceae. Species of ''Sorbus'' (''s.l.'') are commonly known as whitebeam, r ...

firethorn ''Pyracantha'' (from Greek "fire" and "thorn", hence firethorn) is a genus of large, thorny evergreen shrubs in the family Rosaceae, with common names firethorn or pyracantha. They are native to an area extending from Southwest Europe east t ...

s, and photinias.

Description

Rosaceae can be woody trees, shrubs, climbers or herbaceous plants. The herbs are mostly perennials, but some annuals also exist.

Leaves

The

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

are generally arranged spirally, but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or pinnately compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate. Paired

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...

s are generally present, and are a primitive feature within the family, independently lost in many groups of Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae). The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface) to the petiole. Glands or

extrafloral nectaries Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollination, pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to anim ...

may be present on leaf margins or petioles. Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves.

Flowers

Flowers of plants in the rose family are generally described as "showy". They are

radially symmetrical Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. External symmetry can be easily seen by just looking at an organism. For example, take the face of a human being which has a pla ...

, and almost always hermaphroditic. Rosaceae generally have five

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s, five petals, and many spirally arranged

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s. The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a

hypanthium In angiosperms, a hypanthium or floral cup is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube. It is sometimes called a floral tube, a term that is also used for corolla tube and calyx tube. It ...

. They can be arranged in

spikes The SPIKES protocol is a method used in clinical medicine to break bad news to patients and families. As receiving bad news can cause distress and anxiety, clinicians need to deliver the news carefully. By using the SPIKES method for introducing a ...

, or heads. Solitary flowers are rare. Rosaceae have a variety of color petals, but blue is almost completely absent.

Fruits and seeds

The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

s occur in many varieties and were once considered the main characters for the definition of subfamilies amongst Rosaceae, giving rise to a fundamentally artificial subdivision. They can be follicles, capsules, nuts,

achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not ope ...

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...

s (''

''), and

accessory fruit An accessory fruit is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the floral ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel.Esau, K. 1977. ''Anatomy of seed plants''. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Accessory fruits are u ...

s, like the pome of an apple, or the

hip In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or "coxa"Latin ''coxa'' was used by Celsus in the sense "hip", but by Pliny the Elder in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77) in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is ...

of a

. Many fruits of the family are edible, but their seeds often contain

amygdalin Amygdalin (from Ancient Greek: ' "almond") is a naturally occurring chemical compound found in many plants, most notably in the seeds (kernels) of apricots, bitter almonds, apples, peaches, cherries, and plums. Amygdalin is classified as a cy ...

, which can release

cyanide Cyanide is a naturally occurring, rapidly acting, toxic chemical that can exist in many different forms. In chemistry, a cyanide () is a chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of ...

during digestion if the seed is damaged.TOXNET
''CASRN: 29883-15-6''
/ref>

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

The family was traditionally divided into six subfamilies: Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae,

Maloideae The Maloideae C.Weber was the apple subfamily, a grouping used by some taxonomists within the rose family, Rosaceae. Recent molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown that the traditional Spiraeoideae and Amygdaloideae form part of the same c ...

(Pomoideae),

Amygdaloideae Amygdaloideae is a subfamily within the flowering plant family Rosaceae. It was formerly considered by some authors to be separate from Rosaceae, and the family names Prunaceae and Amygdalaceae have been used. Reanalysis from 2007 has shown that ...

(Prunoideae), Neuradoideae, and Chrysobalanoideae, and most of these were treated as families by various authors. More recently (1971), Chrysobalanoideae was placed in Malpighiales in molecular analyses and Neuradoideae has been assigned to Malvales. Schulze-Menz, in Engler's Syllabus edited by Melchior (1964) recognized Rosoideae, Dryadoideae, Lyonothamnoideae, Spireoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae. They were primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits. More recent work has identified that not all of these groups were

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

. Hutchinson (1964) and Kalkman (2004) recognized only tribes (17 and 21, respectively). Takhtajan (1997) delimited 21 tribes in 10 subfamilies: Filipenduloideae, Rosoideae, Ruboideae, Potentilloideae, Coleogynoideae, Kerroideae, Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae), Spireoideae, Maloideae (Pyroideae), Dichotomanthoideae. A more modern model comprises three subfamilies, one of which (Rosoideae) has largely remained the same. While the boundaries of the Rosaceae are not disputed, there is no general agreement as to how many genera it contains. Areas of divergent opinion include the treatment of ''

Potentilla ''Potentilla'' is a genus containing over 300Guillén, A., et al. (2005)Reproductive biology of the Iberian species of ''Potentilla'' L. (Rosaceae).''Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid'' 1(62) 9–21. species of annual, biennial and perenni ...

s.l.'' and ''

s.l.''. Compounding the problem is that apomixis is common in several genera. This results in an uncertainty in the number of species contained in each of these genera, due to the difficulty of dividing apomictic complexes into species. For example, ''

'' contains between 70 and 300 species, ''

'' around 100 (including the taxonomically complex dog roses), ''

'' 100 to 200 species, '' Crataegus'' between 200 and 1,000, ''

'' around 300 species, ''

'' roughly 500, and ''

'' hundreds, or possibly even thousands of species.

Genera

Identified clades include: * Subfamily Rosoideae: Traditionally composed of those genera bearing aggregate fruits that are made up of small achenes or

drupelet In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or ''pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel' ...

s, and often the fleshy part of the fruit (e.g.

strawberry The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; ''Fragaria × ananassa'') is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus '' Fragaria'', collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely ap ...

) is the receptacle or the stalk bearing the carpels. The circumscription is now narrowed (excluding, for example, the Dryadoideae), but it still remains a diverse group containing five or six tribes and 20 or more genera, including rose, ''

'' (blackberry, raspberry), '' Fragaria'' (strawberry), ''

'', and ''

Geum ''Geum'' , (Latinized Greek for "taste" referencing the roots of the plant) commonly called avens, is a genus of about 50 species of rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plants in the rose family and its subfamily Rosoideae, widespread across Euro ...

''. * Subfamily

: Within this group remains an identified clade with a pome fruit, traditionally known as subfamily Maloideae (or Pyroideae) which included genera such as apple, ''

'', and '' Crataegus'' (hawthorn). To separate it at the subfamily level would leave the remaining genera as a

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

group, so it has been expanded to include the former Spiraeoideae and Amygdaloideae. The subfamily has sometimes been referred to by the name "Spiraeoideae", but this is not permitted by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. * Subfamily

Dryadoideae The subfamily Dryadoideae consists of four genera in the family Rosaceae,. all of which contain representative species with root nodules that host the nitrogen-fixing bacterium ''Frankia ''Frankia'' is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria ...

: Fruits are achenes with hairy styles, and includes five genera ('' Dryas'', '' Cercocarpus'', ''

Chamaebatia ''Chamaebatia'', also known as mountain misery, is a genus of two species of aromatic evergreen shrubs endemic to California. Its English common name derives from early settlers' experience with the plant's dense tangle and sticky, strong-smell ...

'', '' Cowania'', and '' Purshia''), most species of which form root nodules which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus ''

Frankia ''Frankia'' is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the ''Rhizobium'' bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. ''Frankia'' also initiate the forming of root ...

''.

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships between the three subfamilies within Rosaceae are unresolved. There are three competing hypotheses:

Amygdaloideae basal

Amygdaloideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Chin ''et al''. (2014), Li ''et al''. (2015), Li ''et al''. (2016), and Sun ''et al''. (2016). Most recently Zhang ''et al''. (2017) recovered these relationships using whole plastid genomes: The sister relationship between Dryadoideae and Rosoideae is supported by the following shared morphological characters not found in Amygdaloideae: presence of stipules, separation of the

from the ovary, and the fruits are usually achenes.

Dryadoideae basal

Dryadoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Evans ''et al''. (2002) and Potter (2003). Most recently Xiang ''et al''. (2017) recovered these relationships using

nuclear Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the nucleus of the atom: * Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear ...

transcriptomes The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs, or just mRNA, depending on the particular experiment. The t ...

Rosoideae basal

Rosoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Morgan ''et al''. (1994), Evans (1999), Potter ''et al''. (2002), Potter ''et al''. (2007), Töpel ''et al''. (2012), and Chen ''et al''. (2016). The following is taken from Potter ''et al''. (2007): The sister relationship between Amygdaloideae and Dryadoideae is supported by the following shared biochemical characters not found in Rosoideae: production of

cyanogenic glycoside In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. ...

s and production of

sorbitol Sorbitol (), less commonly known as glucitol (), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol g ...

Distribution and habitat

The Rosaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found nearly everywhere except for Antarctica. They are primarily concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in regions that are not desert or tropical rainforest.

Uses

The rose family is considered one of the six most economically important crop plant families,B.C. Bennett (undated). ''Economic Botany: Twenty-Five Economically Important Plant Families''
Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) e-book
/ref> and includes

s, quinces,

medlar ''Mespilus germanica'', known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree in the rose family Rosaceae. The fruit of this tree, also called medlar, has been cultivated since Roman times, is usually available in winter and ea ...

s, almonds,

es, apricots, plums, cherries,

, sloes, and

s. Many genera are also highly valued ornamental plants. These include trees and shrubs (''

'', '' Chaenomeles'', '' Crataegus'', '' Dasiphora'', ''

Exochorda ''Exochorda'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to China and central Asia (Turkestan). They are used as ornamental plants with the common name pearl bush, or pearlbush. Numerous species have been described o ...

'', '' Kerria'', '' Photinia'', '' Physocarpus'', ''

'', ''

Pyracantha ''Pyracantha'' (from Greek "fire" and "thorn", hence firethorn) is a genus of large, thorny evergreen shrubs in the family Rosaceae, with common names firethorn or pyracantha. They are native to an area extending from Southwest Europe east to ...

'', '' Rhodotypos'', ''

'', ''

Spiraea ''Spiraea'' , sometimes spelled spirea in common names, and commonly known as meadowsweets or steeplebushes, is a genus of about 80 to 100 species

''), herbaceous perennials (''

'', ''

Aruncus ''Aruncus'' is a genus of clump-forming herbaceous perennial plants in the family Rosaceae. Botanical opinion of the number of species differs, with from one to four species accepted. They are closely related to the genera '' Filipendula'' and ' ...

'', ''

Filipendula ''Filipendula'' is a genus of 12 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species include meadowsweet ('' Filipendula ulmaria'') and dropwort ...

'', ''

Sanguisorba ''Sanguisorba'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The common name is burnet. Description The plants are herbaceous perennials or small shrubs. The stems grow to 50 ...

''), alpine plants ('' Dryas'', ''Geum'', ''Potentilla'') and climbers (''

''). However, several genera are also introduced noxious weeds in some parts of the world, costing money to be controlled. These

invasive plant An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adv ...

s can have negative impacts on the diversity of local ecosystems once established. Such naturalised pests include ''

Acaena ''Acaena'' is a genus of about 60 species of mainly evergreen, creeping herbaceous perennial plants and subshrubs in the family Rosaceae, native mainly to the Southern Hemisphere, notably New Zealand, Australia and South America, but with a fe ...

'', ''Cotoneaster'', ''Crataegus'', ''Pyracantha'', and ''Rosa''. In Bulgaria and parts of western Asia, the production of rose oil from fresh flowers such as ''

Rosa damascena Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: People *Rosa (given name) * Rosa (surname) *Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose) Places *223 Rosa, an asteroid *Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States *Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, Ge ...

'', ''

Rosa gallica ''Rosa gallica'', the Gallic rose, French rose, or rose of Provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus. ''Rosa gallica'' was one of the first species of r ...

'', and other species is an important economic industry.

Gallery

The family Rosaceae covers a wide range of trees, bushes and plants. File:Acaena magellanica magellanica 1.jpg , Buzzy burr (''Acaena magellanica'') File:Alchemilla vulgaris.jpg , Common lady's mantle (''Alchemilla vulgaris'') File:Aruncus dioicus 15105.JPG , Goat's beard (''Aruncus dioicus'') File:Chaenomeles japonica a1.jpg , Maule's quince (''Chaenomeles japonica'') File:Cercocarpus betuloides blancheae.JPG , mountain mahogany (''Cercocarpus betuloides'') File:Crataegus monogyna 004.JPG , Common hawthorn (''Crataegus monogyna'') File:Cotoneaster adpressus GotBot 2015 001.jpg , Creeping cotoneaster (''Cotoneaster adpressus'') File:Dasiphora fruticosa 5698.jpg , Shrubby cinquefoil (''Dasiphora fruticosa'') File:Mountainavens2.jpg , Mountain avens (''

Dryas octopetala ''Dryas octopetala'', the mountain avens, eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific epithe ...

'') File:Eriobotrya japonica B.jpg , Loquat (''Eriobotrya japonica''), a fruit tree typical by flowering in autumn File:Exochorda racemosa1.jpg , Pearlbush (''Exochorda racemosa'') (MHNT) Filipendula vulgaris - Inflorescence.jpg, Dropwort (''Filipendula vulgaris'') File:FragariaMoschata.JPG , Musk strawberry (''Fragaria moschata'') valued for its intense aroma File:Geum triflorum 4881.JPG , Old man's whiskers (''Geum triflorum'') File:Kerria japonica 2.JPG , ''Kerria japonica'' File:Apple blossoms.jpg , Apple tree blossoms (''Malus pumila'') File:Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg , Common medlar (''Mespilus germanica'') File:Photinia fraseri B.JPG , Red Tip Photinia (''Photinia x fraseri'') popular for red color of its new growths File:Physocarpus opulifolius USFWS.jpg , Common ninebark (''Physocarpus opulifolius'') File:Potentilla reptans sl8.jpg , Creeping cinquefoil (''Potentilla reptans'') File:PikiWiki Israel 7025 Amond blossom.jpg , Mature fruit of an almond tree (''Prunus dulcis'') File:PRUNUS SPINOSA - SANT JUST - IB-481 (Aranyoner).JPG , Blackthorn (''Prunus spinosa'') File:Purshia stansburiana 2.jpg , Stansbury's cliffrose (''Purshia stansburyana'') File:Brosen pyracantha coccinea1.jpg , Scarlet firethorn (''Pyracantha Coccinea'') File:Pear-tree,katori-city,japan.JPG , Nashi pear (''Pyrus pyrifolia'') typical for Asian countries File:Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG , ''Rhodotypos scandens'', a Japanese shrub with fruits high in toxic amygdalin File:Rosa sericea jd plt 1.jpg , The silky rose (''Rosa sericea'') known for its ornamental prickles File:Rubus spectabilis 39139.JPG , Salmonberry (''Rubus spectabilis'') File:Toten 2.jpg , Great burnet (''Sanguisorba officinalis'') File:Sorbus alnifolia 'Submollis' JPG1La.jpg , Autumn foliage of the Korean mountain ash (''Sorbus alnifolia'') File:Spiraea splendens 21648.JPG , Rose meadowsweet (''Spiraea splendens'')

References

External links

Rosaceae at the DELTA Online Families of Flowering Plants
{{Authority control Rosales Rosid families Extant Cretaceous first appearances