The Republican Villagers Nation Party ( tr, Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi, CKMP), alternatively translated Republican Peasants' Nation Party, was a former political party in Turkey.
Fusions
The party was founded after the fusion of two smaller nationalist parties.
One of these parties was the
Villagers Party, founded by on16 May 1952. Most of the members of this party were former
Democrat Party members and they were known as Nationalists. After the death of the founder in a plane crash in 1954, the party could not gain any seats in the parliament in the 1954 and 1957 elections.
Another party was
Osman Bölükbaşı
Osman Bölükbaşı (1913 – February 6, 2002) was a Turkish politician and political party leader.
Early life
He was born at Hasanlar village of the former Mucur district in 1913.
He completed his secondary education at the Istanbul High Scho ...
's
Republican Nation Party
Republican National Party ( tr, Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi, CMP) was a former right-wing Turkish political party.
The party was founded by the members of Nation Party which closed by the court on 27 January 1954. Osman Bölükbaşı with t ...
, which was founded on 27 January 1954. But unlike Turkey Villagers Party, the Republican Nation Party was actually the continuation of Bölükbaşı's former party named
Nation Party which was banned in 1953. Both in
1954
Events
January
* January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany.
* January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting.
* January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...
and in
1957 elections they were able to gain seats in the Parliament. On October 17, 1958, the Villagers Party merged with the Republican Nation Party to form the Republican Villagers' Nation Party. The chairman of the party was Osman Bölükbaşı.
1960s
On June 12, 1960, following the May 27
coup d’état, the
junta
Junta may refer to:
Government and military
* Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones
** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by ...
, dubbed the "
National Unity Committee
The National Unity Committee ( tr, Milli Birlik Komitesi, MBK) was a military committee formed following the 1960 Turkish coup d'état. It dissolved with the 1961 general election.
Background
Between 1950 and 1960, the ruling party in Turkey wa ...
",
dissolved the parliament and on June 13, closed the district organizations of all political parties. In 1961, when the civil parliamentary system was once again in effect, on October 15, the
general elections were held, at which the Republican Villagers’ Nation Party received 14% of the votes to emerge as the third party and win 54 seats in the parliament and 16
senators. However, Osman Bölükbaşı refused to take place in the
coalition government
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...
.
The CKMP members of parliament along with the members from the four remaining parties and the
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
members signed a declaration on October 11, 1962, stating that they are "determined and decisive to confront any transgressions of the foundation built by the national revolution of May 27." Subsequently the parliament decided a partial pardon for
political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity. The political offense is not always the official reason for the prisoner's detention.
There is no internationally recognized legal definition of the concept, although n ...
s. On June 15, 1962, the CKMP became
part of the coalition led by
İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...
.
Split in the party
In 1962, the party faced with the problem of coalition partnership. Up to 1962 CKMP had always been an opposition party. But in 1962 for the first time, CKMP was offered to take part in
İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...
's
coalition government
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...
. (''see'' the
27th government of Turkey
The 27th government of Turkey (25 June 1962 – 25 December 1963) is the second coalition government in the history of Turkey. The prime minister, İsmet İnönü, was the leader of Republican People's Party (CHP) and a former president.
Backgr ...
.) Although this offer was attractive for most of the party members, Osman Bölükbaşı was against serving under İsmet İnönü. Thus a group of MPs under the leadership of Osman Bölükbaşı issued from the party. The new chairman of the party was
Ahmet Oğuz. The party participated in the coalition government and one member, Hasan Dincer, became the deputy prime minister. But without the rhetoric of Osman Bölükbaşı the party began to lose support. Between the general elections in
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
and
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
the support dropped from 14% to 2.2%. Meanwhile, in 1965 Bölükbaşı refounded the
Nation Party, which received 6.3% in the
elections of that year.
Conversion into MHP
In 1965, a meeting took place with opposition leaders, including the president of CKMP, Ahmet Oğuz and of the revived Nation Party (see below), Osman Bölükbaşı, which caused the government to resign. The
new government led by independent senator
Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
Ali Suat Hayri Ürgüplü (13 August 1903, Damascus, Ottoman Empire – 26 December 1981, Istanbul, Turkey) was a Turkish politician who served a brief term as Prime Minister of Turkey in 1965. He was also the last Prime Minister to be born ...
had four
ministers
Minister may refer to:
* Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric
** Minister (Catholic Church)
* Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department)
** Minister without portfolio, a member of governme ...
from the CKMP. In spring 1965,
Alparslan Türkeş
Alparslan Türkeş (; 25 November 1917 – 4 April 1997) was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves ''(Ülkü Ocakları)''. He represented the far-right of the Turkish ...
, along with "the 14s" who were expelled from the National Unite Unity, joined the CKMP. In August 1965 Türkeş became the new president at the expense of Ahmet Oğuz and many other senior politicians of the party. This enabled Alparslan Türkeş to a major influence over the party and during the party congress in 1967, the party's program was redesigned in line with the
Nine Lights Doctrine
The Nine Lights Doctrine refers to an ideology introduced by Alparslan Türkeş, Alparslan Turkeş, the founder of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) of Turkey.
Precepts
Each of the lights is presented as a precept "good-for-everybody". The ...
.
The CKMP gained a more
nationalistic
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: T ...
and
Pan-Turkist
Pan-Turkism is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan) and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey), with its aim bei ...
ideology, and was hierarchically restructured after the old leadership was eliminated from the administration. Türkeş reportedly stated that: "Whoever joins the cause and becomes a traitor, kill him."
General elections were held on October 10, 1965 at which CKMP won 11 seats at the parliament and 4 at the senate. However, the 2.2% of votes meant that it was losing ground. On February 6–9, 1969, at the extraordinary
party congress
The terms party conference (UK English), political convention ( US and Canadian English), and party congress usually refer to a general meeting of a political party. The conference is attended by certain delegates who represent the party membe ...
, the name of the Republican Villager's Nation Party was changed to
Nationalist Movement Party
The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party; tr, Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) is a Turkish far-right and ultranationalist political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been ...
(Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi – MHP) and it opened itself for the muslim electorate.
Several of the
nationalist
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...
party members who opposed the new party program which included an islamic notion, where subsequently expelled.
The MHP to this day is one of Turkey's major political parties and its most prominent far-right nationalist party.
References
External links
Parti code
{{Authority control
1958 establishments in Turkey
1969 disestablishments in Turkey
Defunct far-right parties in Turkey
Nationalist Movement Party
Defunct nationalist parties in Turkey
Defunct agrarian political parties
Political parties disestablished in 1969
Political parties established in 1958