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Ravenloft is a
campaign setting A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A ''campaign'' is a series of individual adventures, and a ''campaign setting'' is the world in which such adventures and ca ...
for the ''
Dungeons & Dragons ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (commonly abbreviated as ''D&D'' or ''DnD'') is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. The game was first published in 1974 by TSR (company)#Tactical Studies Rules ...
''
roleplaying game A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game, RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of player character, characters in a fictional Setting (narrative), setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within ...
. It is an alternate time-space existence known as a ''
pocket dimension A pocket universe or bubble universe, also colloquially called pocket dimension is a concept in inflationary theory, proposed by Alan Guth. Description It defines a realm like the one that contains the observable universe as only one of many infl ...
'' or demiplane, called the
Demiplane The planes of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying game constitute the multiverse in which the game takes place. Each plane is a universe with its own rules with regard to gravity, geography, magic and morality. There have been various offic ...
of Dread, which consists of a collection of land pieces called " domains", brought together by a mysterious force known only as
the Dark Powers ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in En ...
. Each domain is tailored to and mystically ruled by a being called a Darklord who is forever trapped and surrounded by magical mists surrounding the domain.
Strahd von Zarovich Count Strahd von Zarovich is a fictional character originally appearing as the feature villain in the highly popular ''Advanced Dungeons and Dragons'' adventure List of Dungeons & Dragons modules, module I6: Ravenloft (D&D module), ''Ravenloft''. ...
, a vampire in the original ''AD&D'' ''Ravenloft'' I6 module 1983, became the first Darklord, both ruler and prisoner of his own personal domain of Barovia. How Count von Zarovich became the darklord of Barovia was detailed in the novel '' I, Strahd: The Memoirs of a Vampire''. As originally established in the '' Ravenloft: Realm of Terror'' boxed set known as "the Black Box" released in 1990, the Ravenloft campaign setting was located in the Ethereal Plane. As a physical manifestation of that plane, lands, monsters and even people were created out of the mysterious mists, and the realm acted as a prison where one could enter or be transported, but means of escape were few. Other Ravenloft Domains and Darklords were eventually added in various AD&D 2nd edition (and then later in 3rd edition) products establishing a core continent attached around Barovia which could be traveled to by others if their respective lords allowed entering or leaving their borders; while some Domains remained isolated in the mists and were referred to as Islands.


Creative origins

In 1978, Tracy and
Laura Hickman Laura Curtis Hickman (born December 7, 1956, in Long Beach, California) is an American fantasy author, best known for her works in game design and fantasy novels cowritten with her husband, Tracy Hickman. She was one of the first women to write a ...
wrote adventures that would eventually be published as the '' Dungeon & Dragons''
modules Broadly speaking, modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use. The concept of modularity is used primarily to reduce complexity by breaking a sy ...
''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: ''pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the an ...
'' and ''
Ravenloft Ravenloft is a campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying game. It is an alternate time-space existence known as a ''Demiplane, pocket dimension'' or demiplane, called the Demiplane of Dread, which consists of a collection of la ...
''.
Strahd von Zarovich Count Strahd von Zarovich is a fictional character originally appearing as the feature villain in the highly popular ''Advanced Dungeons and Dragons'' adventure List of Dungeons & Dragons modules, module I6: Ravenloft (D&D module), ''Ravenloft''. ...
was created by the Hickmans "after Tracy returned home from a disappointing session of ''D&D''. Back in First Edition, the game was less of a storytelling game. ..It didn't make sense to
racy Racy may refer to: * Racy, West Virginia * An unincorporated community in Chapin Township, Michigan * ''Racy'' (album) * Mridula Ahmed Racy Mridula Ahmed Racy, who is known by her stage name Racy, is a Bangladeshi actress, business person ...
why a creature like a vampire was just sitting around in a random dungeon with oozes, goblins, and zombies. So he and his wife set out to create a vampire villain with fleshed-out motivations and history". When the Hickmans began work on ''Ravenloft'', they felt the
vampire A vampire is a mythical creature that subsists by feeding on the Vitalism, vital essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living. In European folklore, vampires are undead, undead creatures that often visited loved ones and caused mi ...
archetype had become overused, trite, and mundane, and decided to create a frightening version of the creature for the module. They play-tested it with a group of players every
Halloween Halloween or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve) is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Saints' Day. It begins the observanc ...
for five years on their own game system with the adventure titled ''Vampyr''. However, the Hickmans kept being asked about their "Ravenloft game", and so the Ravenloft name stuck. The duo eventually caught the attention of ''D&Ds original publishers. They were hired to adapt it into the First Edition of ''
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Several different editions of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game have been produced since 1974. The current publisher of ''D&D'', Wizards of the Coast, produces new materials only for the most current edition of the ga ...
'' and it was released as ''Module I6: Ravenloft''" in 1983 by TSR.


Publication history


1st edition

The first appearance of the setting was in ''
Ravenloft Ravenloft is a campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying game. It is an alternate time-space existence known as a ''Demiplane, pocket dimension'' or demiplane, called the Demiplane of Dread, which consists of a collection of la ...
'', a stand-alone ''
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Several different editions of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game have been produced since 1974. The current publisher of ''D&D'', Wizards of the Coast, produces new materials only for the most current edition of the ga ...
'' adventure module, published in 1983. In 1984, it won the Strategists' Club Award for Outstanding Play Aid. It was popular enough to spawn a 1986 sequel, '' Ravenloft II: The House on Gryphon Hill'', and an
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Gamebooks ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Gamebook'' is a series of 18 gamebooks published from 1985 to 1988. The series was initially titled ''Super Endless Quest Adventure Gamebook'' as the books added a more complex game system to stories which ...
novel, ''Master of Ravenloft'', the same year.


2nd edition

Ravenloft was launched as a full-fledged campaign setting, for ''AD&D'' 2nd Edition, in 1990, with the '' Realm of Terror'' boxed set, popularly known as the "Black Box", and winner of the
Origins Award The Origins Awards are American awards for outstanding work in the game industry. They are presented by the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design at the Origins Game Fair on an annual basis for the previous year, so (for example) the 1979 aw ...
in 1991 for "Best Graphic Presentation of a Roleplaying Game, Adventure, or Supplement of 1990". The campaign setting was revised twice during ''AD&D'' 2nd Edition: first as the ''Ravenloft Campaign Setting'' or "Red Box", then as the ''Domains of Dread'' hardback. In 1994, Ravenloft spun off into a sub-setting called ''
Masque of the Red Death "The Masque of the Red Death" (originally published as "The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy") is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1842. The story follows Prince Prospero's attempts to avoid a dangerous plague ...
'', set on Gothic Earth, an
Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (; Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is wide ...
-influenced alternative Earth of the 1890s, where fantasy creatures and magic exist in the shadows of civilization. TSR also published a series of novels set in Ravenloft. Each was typically focused on one of the darklords that inhabited the Ravenloft world, with several focusing on the figure of Count Strahd von Zarovich. Many of these early novels were by authors who would later receive wider fame as horror/dark fantasy authors. These authors have included
Elaine Bergstrom Elaine Bergstrom is an American author in the genres of fantasy and horror. She has had 13 novels published. She has been described by the '' Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' as "one of Wisconsin's best-known horror novelists". Personal life Berg ...
,
P. N. Elrod Patricia Nead Elrod (b. 1954) is an American novelist specializing in urban fantasy. She has written in the mystery, romance, paranormal, and historical genres with at least one foray into comedic fantasy. Elrod is also an editor, having worked on ...
,
Christie Golden Christie Golden (born November 21, 1963) is an American author. She has written many novels and several short stories in fantasy, horror and science fiction. Career Golden has written many novels and several short stories in the fields of science ...
, and
Laurell K. Hamilton Laurell Kaye Hamilton (born February 19, 1963) is an American fantasy and romance writer. She is best known as the author of two series of stories. Her The New York Times Best Seller list, ''New York Times''-bestselling ''Anita Blake: Vampire H ...
.


3rd and 3.5 edition

A major revision of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' was released in 2000, the first edition published by
Wizards of the Coast Wizards of the Coast LLC (often referred to as WotC or simply Wizards) is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and List of science fiction themes, science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for ga ...
(which had acquired TSR in 1997). In 2000, Wizards of the Coast licensed the Ravenloft brand to
White Wolf Publishing White Wolf Publishing was an American roleplaying game and book publisher. The company was founded in 1991 as a merger between Lion Rampant
. Under its
Sword & Sorcery Studios Sword and Sorcery Studios (S&SS) was an imprint of White Wolf, Inc., used to publish its d20 System & Open Gaming License material in from 2000 to 2008. The imprint also acted as publisher for other small press game developers, such as Monte Co ...
(and later
Arthaus White Wolf Publishing was an American roleplaying game and book publisher. The company was founded in 1991 as a merger between Lion Rampant
imprints), White Wolf Publishing released the 3rd Edition d20 System ''Ravenloft Campaign Setting'' (2001) and the 3.5 Edition ''Ravenloft Player's Handbook'' (2003). The campaign settings published by White Wolf introduced a number of alterations, many due to conflicts with existing Wizards of the Coast
intellectual property Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, cop ...
. Specific references to ''D&D''-specific deities were replaced with new names in the White Wolf Ravenloft settings (for example, Bane was changed to the Lawgiver). The license to the Ravenloft
trademark A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from others ...
reverted to Wizards of the Coast on August 15, 2005, but White Wolf retained the right to continue to sell its back stock until June 2006. The timing of this reversion meant that the Ravenloft supplement '' Van Richten's Guide to the Mists'' did not see print. Instead, it was released by White Wolf as a free download in late September 2005. The majority of the ''Van Richten's Guide'' series had already been published by TSR in the 1990s, before White Wolf's involvement. In October 2006, Wizards of the Coast released ''Expedition to Castle Ravenloft'', a hardcover version of the original 1st Ed. adventure, updated for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' v.3.5 rule set. This 2006 version includes maps from the original ''Ravenloft'' adventure, and new character-generation options. ''Expedition to Castle Ravenloft'' is a stand-alone supplement set for any ''D&D'' worlds, and only requires the three core books for usage. This book's setting is distinct from the Ravenloft of the White Wolf product line. Shannon Appelcline, author of ''Designers & Dragons'', highlighted that by 2006 people were beginning to wonder if Wizards of the Coast might be preparing a fourth edition of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' and stated: "the release of ''Expedition to Castle Ravenloft'' (2006) might just have offered another clue to the changing winds that lay ahead. First, it was a new line for 3.5e, suggesting that their original series of 3.5e books was coming to an end. Second, it was a fond look back at one of the most notable adventures from the ''AD&D'' days, just the sort of thing that Wizards published in the waning days of 2e". Appelcline later noted that, once fourth edition was officially announced, "the ''Expedition'' books that had begun publication in 2006 were revealed to indeed be part of Wizard's slow slide into 4e".


4th edition

In 2007, Wizards of the Coast announced the printing of two new Ravenloft novels for 2008, ''Black Crusade'' and ''The Sleep of Reason'', fueling more speculation. A short story by
Ari Marmell Ari Marmell is an American novelist and freelance role-playing game writer. Novels His first novel, ''Gehenna: The Final Night'', was published in 2004 by White Wolf Publishing. ''Agents of Artifice,'' a media tie-in novel set in the Magic: The ...
, "Before I Wake", based on the realms of Darkon, Lamordia, and Bluetspur was released on October 31, 2007, on the Wizards of the Coast website as a special for Halloween; it featured characters inspired by H. P. Lovecraft and
Clark Ashton Smith Clark Ashton Smith (January 13, 1893 – August 14, 1961) was an American writer and artist. He achieved early local recognition, largely through the enthusiasm of George Sterling, for traditional verse in the vein of Algernon Charles Swinburne ...
. In September 2008, it was announced in Wizards of the Coast's ''Digital Insider'' no. 6 that Ravenloft would be re-introduced to 4th edition ''Dungeons & Dragons'', in the October issue of the ''Dragon'' online magazine. The ''Dungeons & Dragons'' 4th edition supplement ''
Manual of the Planes The ''Manual of the Planes'' (abbreviated MoP) is a manual for the ''Dungeons and Dragons'' role-playing game. This text addresses the planar cosmology of the game universe. The original book (for use with ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' 1st Ed ...
'' (2008) established that in the
retconned Retroactive continuity, or retcon for short, is a literary device in which established diegetic facts in the plot of a fictional work (those established through the narrative itself) are adjusted, ignored, supplemented, or contradicted by a subse ...
cosmology, the Domains of Dread (and by extension the Ravenloft setting) were now located within the Shadowfell, a mirror-plane of death and gloom lying adjacent to the mortal realm. While a 4th edition update to the Ravenloft setting was announced at
Gen Con Gen Con is the largest tabletop game convention in North America by both attendance and number of events. It features traditional pen-and-paper, board, and card games, including role-playing games, miniatures wargames, live action role-playing ...
2010, the product was never released. In 2010, Ravenloft was the setting for the '' Castle Ravenloft Board Game''. Ravenloft also appeared in official magazine articles, such as, ''
Dungeon A dungeon is a room or cell in which prisoners are held, especially underground. Dungeons are generally associated with medieval castles, though their association with torture probably belongs more to the Renaissance period. An oubliette (from ...
'' #207 "Fair Barovia" (October 2012) and ''
Dragon A dragon is a reptilian legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as ...
'' #416 "History Check: Strahd and Van Richten" (October 2012).


5th edition

In 2016, Barovia (one of the main locations within Ravenloft) was the main setting for adventure module ''
Curse of Strahd ''Curse of Strahd'' is an adventure book for the 5th edition of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' role-playing game. It was released on March 15, 2016 and is based on the ''Ravenloft'' module published in 1983. Contents Adventurers are mysteriously ...
'' which acts as an adaptation of the original ''Ravenloft'' module for the 5th edition of ''Dungeons & Dragons''. The adventure states: "the lands of Barovia are from a forgotten world in the D&D multiverse .. In time, cursed Barovia was torn from its home world by the Dark Powers and bound in mist as one of the Domains of Dread in the Shadowfell". The module was developed in-house by the Wizards of the Coast team, led by Christopher Perkins, with story contributions by original creators Tracy and Laura Hickman. Charlie Hall, for ''
Polygon In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed ''polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two toge ...
'', explained that "Instead of reinventing the wheel, principle designer Chris Perkins brought in the module's original writers — the husband and wife team of Tracy and Laura Hickman — to create the very best version of the famous module yet. ..Tracy and Laura have been hosting nearly annual sessions of the original ''Ravenloft'' at their home, for friends and family, over the course of decades. When Perkins asked for their input, they flew out to meet with the team. The result was a torrent of ideas for new locations, characters and encounters". Wizards of the Coast announced a new edition of the ''Curse of Strahd'' module, entitled ''Curse of Strahd: Revamped''. It was released on October 20, 2020. This module is the first released with the publisher's new focus on diversity and inclusion. Wizards of the Coast stated that "the adventure includes the latest
errata An erratum or corrigendum (plurals: errata, corrigenda) (comes from la, errata corrige) is a correction of a published text. As a general rule, publishers issue an erratum for a production error (i.e., an error introduced during the publishing pro ...
and a revised depiction of the Vistani" who are based on stereotypes about the
Romani people The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with sig ...
. In February 2021, Wizards of the Coast announced a new Ravenloft campaign sourcebook, ''
Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft'' is a sourcebook that details the Domains of Dread from the ''Ravenloft'' campaign setting for the Editions of Dungeons & Dragons#Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition, 5th edition of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy ...
'' (2021), which introduces other Domains of Dread to the edition. It was published on May 18, 2021.


Fictional setting

Ravenloft is primarily a
Gothic horror Gothic fiction, sometimes called Gothic horror in the 20th century, is a loose literary aesthetic of fear and haunting. The name is a reference to Gothic architecture of the European Middle Ages, which was characteristic of the settings of ea ...
setting. Dungeon Masters are encouraged to use scenes that build apprehension and fear, culminating in the eventual face-to-face meeting with the nameless evil. Characters have a much greater significance attached to their acts, especially if they are morally impure, as they risk coming under the influence of the Dark Powers (through the game process called "dark powers checks") and gradually transforming themselves into figures of evil. The magical mists of Ravenloft could appear anywhere in the ''
Dungeons & Dragons ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (commonly abbreviated as ''D&D'' or ''DnD'') is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. The game was first published in 1974 by TSR (company)#Tactical Studies Rules ...
'' universe, drawing evil-doers (or player characters) into the Ravenloft setting. One exception is the
phlogiston The phlogiston theory is a superseded scientific theory that postulated the existence of a fire-like element called phlogiston () contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''burni ...
of the
Spelljammer ''Spelljammer'' is a campaign setting originally published for the ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' (2nd edition) role-playing game, which features a fantastic (as opposed to scientific) outer space environment. Subsequent editions have included ' ...
setting. The phlogiston blocks all planar travel, but the Ravenloft mists can appear in deep space inside crystal shells, according to the ''Complete Spacefarer's Handbook''. Luis Javier Flores Arvizu named the continuous presence of supernatural beings as one of the factors that made ''Ravenloft'' a very well received role-playing game setting during the 33 years of its existence.


The Dark Powers

The Dark Powers are a malevolent force who control the Demiplane of Dread. Their exact nature and number are deliberately kept vague, allowing for plot development in accordance with the
Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
tradition of storytelling – where the heroes are frequently outclassed and outnumbered by unknowable evil forces beyond their control. The Dark Powers most frequently serve as a plot device for Ravenloft, especially concerning the Darklords, the visible rulers of the Ravenloft Demiplane. Where the player characters are often tormented and opposed by the Darklords, the Darklords are themselves tormented and opposed by the Dark Powers. Of course, the difference lies in order of power—while many ''D&D'' adventures focus on allowing a band of heroes to prevail over a Darklord (much as in the spirit of Bram Stoker's novel ''
Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taking ...
''), no such victory over the Dark Powers seems possible, or even conceivable, for the Darklords.
Vecna Vecna ( ) is a fictional character appearing in the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game. Vecna has been named one of the greatest villains in ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Originally appearing in the ''Greyhawk'' campaign setting, Vecna ...
and
Lord Soth Lord Soth, the Knight of the Black Rose, is a fictional character appearing in the fantasy realms of ''Dragonlance'' and later ''Ravenloft''. He is depicted as a death knight and fallen Knight of Solamnia from the world of Krynn. Development Ac ...
"escaped" Ravenloft, but are the only two Darklords known to have done so; Vecna by attaining the status of Greater God (and thus becoming too powerful for the Dark Powers to contain) and Lord Soth by ignoring his domain and punishment, causing the Dark Powers to lose interest in imprisoning him, and agents of his former curse on the world of
Krynn ''Dragonlance'' is a shared universe created by Laura and Tracy Hickman, and expanded by Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis under the direction of TSR, Inc. into a series of fantasy novels. The Hickmans conceived ''Dragonlance'' while driving in t ...
coming to collect him. Most frequently, the Dark Powers make their wishes and intentions known through subtle manipulations of fate. Thus,
Barovia Ravenloft is a campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying game. It is an alternate time-space existence known as a ''pocket dimension'' or demiplane, called the Demiplane of Dread, which consists of a collection of land pieces c ...
's vampire lord
Strahd von Zarovich Count Strahd von Zarovich is a fictional character originally appearing as the feature villain in the highly popular ''Advanced Dungeons and Dragons'' adventure List of Dungeons & Dragons modules, module I6: Ravenloft (D&D module), ''Ravenloft''. ...
's many attempts to win back his love, Tatyana, are doomed to failure, but the Dark Powers arrange such that he never truly loses hope. Each time, for example, Strahd's own actions may be partially culpable for his failure, and as such he may go through crippling self-recrimination, rather than cursing the gods solely and giving up. Most other Darklords have similar tales of frustration, kept all the more unbearable because the flicker of the possibility of success is never truly extinguished. Not all Darklords acknowledge the Dark Powers directly, however. Strahd, for example, in his own memoirs, speaks only of a force known as Death, who mocks him with the voices of his family and former colleagues throughout his life.
Vlad Drakov This is a list of fictional characters from the Ravenloft campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game. Darklords Darklord is a title used to refer to the mystically imprisoned and cursed ruler of a domain. A Darklo ...
, the Darklord of Falkovnia whose military expeditions are doomed to constant failure, seems even to be totally oblivious to any non-mortal factors in his repeated defeats. The Dark Powers also seem capable of non-evil manipulations. Although their machinations are often directly responsible for the misery of many of Ravenloft's inhabitants, they also appear to play a role as dispensers of justice. Some tales of innocents who have escaped Ravenloft for happier environs are attributed to the Dark Powers, who have judged a being worthy of reward and release from their misty domain.


Domains of Dread

There are many Domains of Dread that makeup the landscape of Ravenloft. The Domains are surrounded by strange mists that can ensnare both people and places in Prime Material Plane and pull them into the Domains. Each Domain is ruled by a Darklord, however, each Darklord was imprisoned in their Domain by the Dark Powers. The Dark Powers "are believed to have been responsible for the overall creation of the Dread Domains". The concept of Domains and locations in Ravenloft besides Barovia and Mordent was introduced in the 2nd Edition campaign setting book '' Ravenloft: Realm of Terror'' (1990). This book outlined that the size of Ravenloft is "40,000 square miles panning26 different domains, including Barovia and Mordent. All of the core domains are overviewed in ''Ravenloft'', as are eight 'islands'." The revised 2nd Edition boxset ''Ravenloft Campaign Setting'' (1994) is an update to ''Realm of Terror'', however, it removes Domains that were destroyed in the Grand Conjunction adventure series and adds new Domains. The
metaplot The metaplot (also, metastory) is the overarching storyline that binds together events in the official continuity of a published role-playing game campaign setting, also defined as an "evolving history of a given fictional universe". Major officia ...
of the adventure series was used to update the setting; "David Wise, leader of the 'Kargat' of ''Ravenloft'' designers at TSR, has said there were a few reasons for the changes. Some domains were changed or removed because they didn't fit into Ravenloft ecologically .. Some domains were removed or merged because their lords were too similar, and finally some islands of terror were kicked to the curb just because they were 'less exciting'. ..A few domains that had appeared since the publication of ''Ravenloft: Realm of Terror'' were notably missing .. All told, ''Ravenloft Campaign Setting'' covers 20 core domains and nine islands". The 5th Edition campaign guide ''
Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft'' is a sourcebook that details the Domains of Dread from the ''Ravenloft'' campaign setting for the Editions of Dungeons & Dragons#Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition, 5th edition of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy ...
'' (2021) includes an overview of 39 Domains and many Domains are given a "wholesale revision" while "other Domains keep their original lore but are advanced in other ways". Rob Wieland writing for
Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...
explained that in this book "Many of the domains have new Darklords that reflect their original character but have details changed to better fit the type of horror the domain is supposed to represent." Some of the more notable Domains include: * Barovia: the first Domain introduced and home of Strahd von Zarovich. This domain was "inspired by
Bram Stoker Abraham Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author who is celebrated for his 1897 Gothic horror novel '' Dracula''. During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Sir Henry Irving and busine ...
's ''
Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taking ...
''". * Carnival: this domain "wanders the mists" itself, "populated by wild performers and a powerful, living sword". * Darkon: this domain is "a broken land ..whose central castle is frozen mid-explosion, its disparate rooms desperately trying to reassemble the whole in mid-air". "Darkon is now a Domain in decline after the disappearance of the iconic lich Azalin". * Falkovnia: in its original incarnation, this domain's "Darklord was a fairly basic analog for
Vlad the Impaler Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler ( ro, Vlad Țepeș ) or Vlad Dracula (; ro, Vlad Drăculea ; 1428/311476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death in 1476/77. He is often considered one of the most imp ...
..and it had few defining characteristics beyond being a land ruled by a brutal warlord with a penchant for ultraviolence". In ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft,'' "Falkovnia has been reimagined as a nightmarish Groundhog's Day-style loop, where a struggling nation—which happens to be ruled by a brutal warlord—is endlessly besieged by massive hordes of the walking dead, who just so happen to look like everyone this warlord has ever killed". The Darklord Vladeska "Drakov's ruthless efficiency and relentless perfectionism has turned her into a tyrant. Rather than retreat and save the lives of citizens and soldiers alike, every day she rebuilds the barricades that keep death at bay. Those same walls keep her trapped within". *Hazlan: this domain is a magocracy ruled by the
Red Wizard ''Forgotten Realms'' is a campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a ...
Hazlik who treats the domain as a "vast magical laboratory". Wes Schneider, lead designer of ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft'', highlighted that "Hazlan’s a great example of a Ravenloft domain where the 'technology' behind its horror concept has improved since its origin. ..Since the ‘90s, our collective imaginations have expanded on what an evil magic dystopia might look like. ..Hazlan is a domain where anything wizards could do they’ve done to the extreme, and they’re still doing it, all in the name of magical discovery and with the effects scarring the realm’s people and land. This makes it the domain for all manner of weird monsters, amoral experiments, magical contagions, unnatural weather, collapsing reality, meteor showers, mutations, disasters, and so much more". * Lamordia: this domain "paid homage" to ''
Frankenstein ''Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus'' is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley. ''Frankenstein'' tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific ex ...
'' by
Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (; ; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic fiction, Gothic novel ''Frankenstein, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus'' (1818), which is considered an History of scie ...
. "In its original incarnation, Lamordia was a coastal domain with two small settlements" and was "ruled by
Adam Adam; el, Ἀδάμ, Adám; la, Adam is the name given in Genesis 1-5 to the first human. Beyond its use as the name of the first man, ''adam'' is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as "a human" and in a collective sense as " ...
, a flesh golem-like creature created by Doctor
Victor Mordenheim This is a list of fictional characters from the Ravenloft campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game. Darklords Darklord is a title used to refer to the mystically imprisoned and cursed ruler of a domain. A Darklo ...
. In ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft,'' the region is now ruled by Viktra Mordenheim, a mad scientist tormented by her inability to replicate the Unbreakable Heart device that keeps her reborn lover Elise alive, even as Elise flees from her at every turn".


Darklords

Darklord is the title used to refer to the mystically imprisoned and cursed ruler of a domain. A Darklord was originally an individual who had committed a truly horrific crime, which drew the attention of the enigmatic Dark Powers. The Dark Powers then proceeded to craft a personal kingdom around the Darklord. This crafted domain serves both as a kingdom and a prison: the Darklord gains incredible powers whilst within its borders but can never leave it, although most Darklords can seal their domain borders with a thought. Within their domains, the Darklords are forever tormented by the objects of their desires, which are often the objects for which they committed their crimes.


Vistani

The Vistani are a nomadic ethnic group. They are based on depictions of the
Romani people The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with sig ...
. Since their introduction in the original ''Ravenloft'' module (1983) as fortune-tellers, they became a unifying element in the Ravenloft and the Masque of the Red Death
campaign setting A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A ''campaign'' is a series of individual adventures, and a ''campaign setting'' is the world in which such adventures and ca ...
s, which offer Gothic horror scenarios. In a Ravenloft adventure, the Vistani have some control of the Mists of Ravenloft, which divide realms, while the players are generally confined to a region from which they must escape by solving one or more problems. Players generally need help from the Vistani to travel reliably from one open realm to another. The Vistani people were "described as
superstitious A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural, attributed to fate or magic, perceived supernatural influence, or fear of that which is unknown. It is commonly applied to beliefs and pr ...
" and had "abilities to curse and hypnotize players or cast spells like
Evil Eye The Evil Eye ( grc, ὀφθαλμὸς βάσκανος; grc-koi, ὀφθαλμὸς πονηρός; el, (κακό) μάτι; he, עַיִן הָרָע, ; Romanian: ''Deochi''; it, malocchio; es, mal de ojo; pt, mau-olhado, olho gordo; ar ...
". They were also originally stereotyped "as 'uncivilized' and heavy drinkers," however, this portrayal was removed in the adventure module ''Curse of Strahd Revamped'' (2020). Their portrayal was further
retconned Retroactive continuity, or retcon for short, is a literary device in which established diegetic facts in the plot of a fictional work (those established through the narrative itself) are adjusted, ignored, supplemented, or contradicted by a subse ...
in ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft'' (2021); the Vistani people are no longer considered superstitious but instead focused on their traditional practices and their abilities are grounded in the forms of magic found in ''Dungeons & Dragons''. The fictional character
Rudolph van Richten This is a list of fictional characters from the Ravenloft campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game. Darklords Darklord is a title used to refer to the mystically imprisoned and cursed ruler of a domain. A Darklor ...
, a famous Monster Hunter in Ravenloft and author of a series of guides to hunting and slaying various monsters, had a great enmity for the Vistani for most of his monster-hunting career, but his opinion improved during his penning of ''Van Richten's Guide To The Vistani'', during which he befriended a ''mortu'' (a Vistani outcast).


Official products

''Ravenloft'' has acted as the official campaign setting for multiple ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying adventure modules, sourcebooks and accessories. It has also been the main setting for novels and video games.


Video games

* '' Ravenloft: Strahd's Possession'' PC game (1994) * '' Ravenloft: Stone Prophet'' PC game (1995) * '' Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft'' PlayStation 1 game (1996) * ''
Neverwinter (video game) ''Neverwinter'' is a free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by Cryptic Studios for Microsoft Windows in 2013, Xbox One in 2015, and PlayStation 4 in 2016. Based on the fictional ''Forgotten Realms'' city of Neverwint ...
'' expansion module Ravenloft. Windows, Xbox One, PS4 (June 26, 2018)


Reception

Game designer
Rick Swan Rick Swan is a game designer and author who worked for TSR. His work for TSR, mostly for Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, appeared from 1989 to 1995. Swan also wrote ''The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games'' (1990), published by St. Martin's Pre ...
commented in 1994 that when the Ravenloft setting first came out, it "just didn't seem special, a Forgotten Realms variant with a few more bats", but after supplements like ''
Forbidden Lore ''Forbidden Lore'' is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game, published in 1992. Contents Publication history Reception ''DieHard GameFan'' said that "To be honest, unless you are a R ...
'', ''
The Created ''The Created'' is an adventure module for the 2nd edition of the ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game, published in 1993. Plot summary In this ''AD&D'' Ravenloft one-shot adventure, the player characters attend a festival in ...
'', and the ''Van Richten's Guide'' series, Swan felt that "the Ravenloft campaign has proven to be a credible adventure alternative for players interested in the dark side of the ''AD&D'' game. Though it lacks the flamboyance of '' Call of Cthulhu'' and the, er, bite of ''
Vampire A vampire is a mythical creature that subsists by feeding on the Vitalism, vital essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living. In European folklore, vampires are undead, undead creatures that often visited loved ones and caused mi ...
'', the Ravenloft setting remains the hobby's most enduring fusion of horror and fantasy." Darker Days Radio declared Ravenloft the "greatest D&D campaign setting," citing the unique gothic horror elements and classic villains such as Azalin Rex. In the ''
Io9 ''io9'' is part of Gizmodo media since 2015, and it began as blog launched in 2008 by Gawker Media. The site initially focused on the subjects of science fiction, fantasy, futurism, science, technology and related areas but over the years has ...
'' series revisiting older ''Dungeons & Dragons'' novels, Rob Bricken highlighted that ''
Vampire of the Mists ''Vampire of the Mists'' is the first novel in the Ravenloft books gothic horror series. Written by Christie Golden, it is set both in Waterdeep, a city in the Forgotten Realms world of ''Dungeons & Dragons'', and more prominently, the Demiplane ...
'' "isn’t scary, per se, but Strahd wreaks enough horror and carnage to drive home that Ravenloft is much, much more sinister than the
Forgotten Realms ''Forgotten Realms'' is a campaign setting for the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a ...
. ..Ravenloft (and I guess Forgotten Realms) vampires have ''all'' the tropes: They can turn into bats, wolves, and mists, and they don’t cast reflections. They can control animals and enthrall people, to a degree. They can’t cross running water, and they have to be invited into a home to enter. Unless they’re an extremely powerful vampire like Strahd, natch". Shelly Jones, in the journal ''Analog Game Studies: Volume IV'', highlighted the Tarokka Deck mechanic used in both the original ''Ravenloft'' (1983) module and the 5th edition ''Curse of Strahd'' (2016) module to add randomization to the game and increase replayability. Jones wrote, "The Tarokka Deck incorporates an inconsistency in the game play that reflects fragmented traumatic memory and reifies the inconsistency present within an abusive relationship". Jones also highlighted that "Without sunshine as a key time-tracking element, players are forced to rely upon other means to signal the passage of time within Barovia. Further adding to that disorientation is the knowledge that the players have been abandoned from anything familiar or real. ..This alienating effect, based upon the physical environment as well as the psychological manifestations, traumatizes characters". The Ravenloft setting has been criticized "for reinforcing harmful stereotypes through its portrayal of the Vistani, an in-fiction analogue for the Roma people". In 2020, Wizards of the Coast announced "in the editorial process for ''Strahd''’s reprint, as well as two upcoming products, Wizards worked with a Romani consultant to present the Vistani without using reductive tropes". On this update, Jon Ryan, for ''
IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...
'', wrote "it's worth noting that the book's illustrations of the Vistani still evoke Romani culture, and some players may still associate certain abilities ..with outdated cultural stereotypes". Julie Muncy, for ''Io9'', criticized the "granular changes" to the Vistani people as not very extensive and that "while there’s a real opportunity here to do better work—the aforementioned diversity pledge also mentioned future works that will feature the Vistani people and aim to complicate their depictions—starting that work with a fancy collector’s edition feels less like a promise to do better and more like a victory lap". Muncy also highlighted that the unrevised parts, such as the art and specific magical abilities, still lean "into tropes that suggest the Romani have mystical, dangerous powers, tropes that have been used in the past to target Romani for persecution". Christian Hoffer, for ComicBook.com, highlighted that in ''Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft'' (2021) the Domains of Dread "all now function as originally intended: prisons meant to torture specific souls. Many of the original Ravenloft domains featured strange punishments that didn't necessarily fit the crime of the Darklord. The revised domains are usually a better utilization of the ironic intent that flavors the immortal prisons of Ravenloft. The domains also now include a variety of different horror genres rather than a fixation on gothic horror. Finally, much of the misogynistic, colonialist, or racist elements have been purged out of this new iteration of Ravenloft. Although these changes will likely be the most talked about part of the book in some circles, these changes seem to have occurred naturally during the course of updating Ravenloft to reflect more diverse horror genres and to make the domains conform to Ravenloft's internal laws".


In other media

* In 2016, Wizards of the Coast added an additional license option to their 5th Edition ''Dungeons & Dragons''
open game license The Open Game License (OGL) is a public copyright license by Wizards of the Coast that may be used by tabletop role-playing game developers to grant permission to modify, copy, and redistribute some of the content designed for their games, nota ...
. It allows individuals and third party publishers to create and sell content based on specific Wizards of the Coast
intellectual property Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, cop ...
, if the content is sold through the
Dungeon Masters Guild OneBookShelf is a digital marketplace company for both major and indie games, fiction and comics. OneBookShelf was formed by the merger of RPGNow and DriveThruRPG. The company's e-commerce platforms host content from individual sellers, indie cre ...
storefront. Multiple third party supplements and adventures set in Ravenloft have since been released through this program. * ''Tales From the Mists'' (2019-2020) was an official actual play
streaming Streaming media is multimedia that is delivered and consumed in a continuous manner from a source, with little or no intermediate storage in network elements. ''Streaming'' refers to the delivery method of content, rather than the content it ...
series broadcast on the ''Dungeons & Dragons''
Twitch Twitch may refer to: Biology * Muscle contraction ** Convulsion, rapid and repeated muscle contraction and relaxation ** Fasciculation, a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction ** Myoclonic twitch, a jerk usually caused by sudden muscle con ...
and
YouTube YouTube is a global online video platform, online video sharing and social media, social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by ...
channels. TK Johnson was the show's Dungeon Master with a "cast of four players (Lysa Chen, Kayla Cline, Hadeel Al-Massari, and Ashley Warren) plus two rotating party slots filled by new players every four episodes". The first season was set in the city of Harmonia in the Kartakass Domain of Dread; each character is from a different domain of Ravenloft. Christian Hoffer, for ''ComicBook'', wrote, "One of ''Tales from the Mists greatest strengths is that it feels very much like a gothic horror story, with an emphasis on death, the macabre, and terror lurking right around the corner. ..While ''Dungeons & Dragons'' is perhaps best known for its combat encounters, ''Tales from the Mists'' seems to take its gothic horror roots seriously. ..This might be an adjustment from how some people think of ''Dungeons & Dragons'', but ''Tales from the Mists'' is a masterclass on how to run a horror campaign using mood and environment to set the tone instead of a constant parade of scary monsters". * ''The Black Dice Society'' (2021) is an official actual play streaming series broadcast on the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' channels which premiered on April 1, 2021 and is set across multiple Domains of Dread in Ravenloft. B. Dave Walters is the show's Dungeon Master with a cast of six players:
Tanya DePass Tanya DePass, also known by her username Cypheroftyr, is an American journalist, activist and streamer. She is the founder of the non-profit organization I Need Diverse Games, which she established in 2016. Early life DePass grew up in a poo ...
, Noura Ibrahim, Deejay Knight,
Mark Meer Mark Meer is a Canadian actor, writer and improvisor, based in Edmonton, Alberta. He is known for his role in the ''Mass Effect'' trilogy, in which he stars as the voice of the player character, Commander Shepard. His voice is featured in a numbe ...
, Saige Ryan and Becca Scott.


References


Citations


General and cited sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links


Fraternity of Shadows
– Founded in 2003 after the Secrets of the Kargatane site closed, this is the most important setting fan website.
Mistipedia
– The Fraternity of Shadows' Ravenloft wiki.
Secrets of the Kargatane
– no longer updated, this website was once one of the largest sources of Ravenloft information on the Internet, as well as being the Official 3rd Edition site as designated by Wizards of the Coast, until the Ravenloft setting was licensed to Arthaus Games.

TSR Archive

TSR Archive
Wizards of the Coast Official Dungeons & Dragons page
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