Québec Solidaire
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Québec solidaire (QS; ) is a
democratic socialist Democratic socialism is a left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self-management within a ...
and sovereigntist
political party in Quebec The following is a list of all political parties in the Canadian province of Quebec. Parties represented in the National Assembly Other registered parties Other parties authorized by the Director-General of Elections: Unregistered parties * ...
, Canada. The party and media outlets in Canada usually use the name "Québec solidaire" in both French and English, but the party's name is sometimes translated as "Solidarity Quebec" or "Quebec Solidarity" in foreign English-language media.


History


Foundation

Québec solidaire was founded on 4 February 2006 in
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
by the merger of the left-wing party
Union des forces progressistes The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006. History The Union des Forces Progressistes (UFP) was formed in 2002 out of desire to unite Québec's leftists into a political ...
(UFP) and the
alter-globalization Alter-globalization (also known as alternative globalization or alter-mundialization—from the French alter- mondialisation—and overlapping with the global justice movement) is a social movement whose proponents support global cooperation an ...
political movement
Option Citoyenne Option citoyenne was an alterglobalization, sovereigntist and feminist political organization in the Canadian province of Quebec. The group was created by Françoise David in 2004; David and François Saillant were its official spokespersons. O ...
, led by
Françoise David Françoise David (born January 13, 1948) is a former spokesperson of Québec solidaire – a left-wing, feminist, and sovereigntist political party in the province of Quebec, Canada. She was elected to serve as the Member of the National Assemb ...
. It was formed by a number of activists and politicians who had written ', a left-wing response to ''
Pour un Québec lucide ''Pour un Québec lucide'' (in English, ''For a clear sighted vision of Quebec'') is a manifesto signed by 12 prominent Quebecers, including former premier Lucien Bouchard. Published on October 19, 2005, the manifesto tackled issues facing modern Q ...
''. ''Pour un Québec lucide'' presented a distinctly neoliberal analysis of and set of solutions to Quebec's problems, particularly criticizing the sovereignty movement as distracting from Quebec's real issues and the Quebec social model as inefficient and out-of-date. ''Pour un Québec solidaire'' presented an alternate analysis, and later its writers formed the party Quebec solidaire, taking its name from the manifesto. Françoise David and
Amir Khadir Amir Khadir ( fa, امیر خدیر; born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian politician in the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), Canada for the electoral district of Mercier, and the first male spokesperson for Québec solidaire, a sovereigntist and ...
were named as the two spokespersons at the party's founding.


Electoral activity

Québec solidaire's first political venture was to field a candidate,
Manon Massé Manon Massé (born 1963) is a Canadian politician in Quebec and one of the two current leaders for Québec solidaire since 2017. She has represented Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the National Assembly of Quebec since the 2014 general elect ...
, in a 10 April 2006 by-election in
Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It comprises part of the borough of Ville-Marie and part of the borough of Le Plateau ...
. She received 22% of the vote. Eight years later, she became QS' third MNA. Québec solidaire contested the 2007 Quebec election. It won 3.65% of the popular vote and received 144,418 votes, 0.21% behind the
Green Party of Quebec The Green Party of Quebec (GPQ) (french: link=no, Parti vert du Québec; PVQ) is a Quebec political party whose platform is the promotion of green politics. It has not won any seats in the National Assembly of Quebec. Its platform is oriented ...
. They were also endorsed by the Montreal Central Council of the
Confédération des syndicats nationaux The Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN; Confederation of National Trade Unions) is the second largest trade union federation in Quebec by membership. History It was founded in Hull in 1921 as the ''Confédération des travailleurs ca ...
which represents 125,000 members in Quebec. According to an analysis on ''Canadian Dimension,'' this was the first time a trade union in Quebec has endorsed a party more left-wing than the
Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishin ...
. On 8 December 2008, the first Quebec solidaire candidate was elected in the provincial election.
Amir Khadir Amir Khadir ( fa, امیر خدیر; born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian politician in the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), Canada for the electoral district of Mercier, and the first male spokesperson for Québec solidaire, a sovereigntist and ...
was elected in the Montreal riding of
Mercier Mercier is French for ''notions dealer'' or ''haberdasher'', and may refer to: People * Agnès Mercier, French curler and coach *Annick Mercier (born 1964), French curler *Amanda H. Mercier (born 1975), American Judge * Armand Mercier, (1933–20 ...
. He won his seat for the second term in the 2012 election along with another QS candidate Françoise David in the Montreal riding of Gouin. Subsequently, Khadir stepped down as co-spokesperson in accordance with QS party rules that stipulate one spokesperson must be from outside the legislature. André Frappier served as interim co-spokesperson until
Andrés Fontecilla Andrés Fontecilla (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election, representing the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion as a member of Québec s ...
was chosen on 5 May 2013 to permanently fill the role. David and Frontecilla led the party into the 2014 election where
Manon Massé Manon Massé (born 1963) is a Canadian politician in Quebec and one of the two current leaders for Québec solidaire since 2017. She has represented Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the National Assembly of Quebec since the 2014 general elect ...
was elected in
Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It comprises part of the borough of Ville-Marie and part of the borough of Le Plateau ...
, becoming the party's third MNA, joining David and Khadir who were both re-elected. On 19 January 2017, Françoise David announced her immediate retirement as both party spokesperson and as a Member of the National Assembly due to her health. Massé was named the interim spokesperson, and later announced she would be a candidate for the position on a permanent basis. In March,
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois (born May 31, 1990) is a politician from Quebec. With Manon Massé, he is the co-spokesperson of the left-wing party Québec solidaire since May 21, 2017, and was elected as a member of the provincial legislative assembly ...
, one of the leaders of the 2012 Quebec student protests, joined the party as its candidate for the Gouin by-election and a candidate for party co-spokesperson. On 21 May 2017, at the party's annual convention, Massé and Nadeau-Dubois were elected as the party's spokespeople. At the 2017 party convention, the party voted against co-operation with the Parti Québécois, and agreed to begin talks with the centre-left sovereignist Option nationale party. On 2 December 2017, QS party members approved the merger. On 10 December, ON members approved the merger, which gave them "collective" status within Québec solidaire. In the 2018 election, Massé was put forward as the party's candidate for premier if the party formed government; she also participated in leaders' debates. Massé brought attention to the QS due to her "unconventional" performance in the debates where she used simple, blunt language. Ultimately, QS gained 7 seats, bringing them to a total of 10, tying the Parti Québécois. On 22 November 2018, Québec solidaire, along with Parti Québécois, were granted
official party status Official party status refers to the Westminster practice which is officially used in the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legislatures of recognizing parliamentary caucuses of political parties. In official documents, this is sometimes re ...
in the legislature. On 20 March 2019, the QS was officially recognized as the second opposition party, behind the Liberals and ahead of the Parti Québécois, after a PQ MNA left the party. On 16 May 2021, Massé announced she would hand the parliamentary leadership role to Nadeau-Dubois, and that he would be the party's candidate for premier in the upcoming 2022 election. However, Massé said she would remain co-spokesperson. The 2022 general election saw mixed results for Québec solidaire. The party finished second in terms of overall votes for the first time in its history, winning 15.4% of the vote, and won eleven seats, its most ever. However, the party did not form official opposition, as the
Quebec Liberal Party The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; french: Parti libéral du Québec, PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955. The QLP has always been associated with the colour red; e ...
won 21 seats on 14.4% of the vote, and the 15.4% of the vote the party won was slightly lower than the 16% of the vote the party won in 2018. The party also lost a seat it was holding for the first time in its history, losing
Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue is a provincial electoral district in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, which elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It notably includes large portions of the city of Rouyn-Noranda as w ...
to the governing
Coalition Avenir Québec The Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ; , ) is a Quebec nationalist, autonomist and conservativepolitical left Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...
of the political spectrum in
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
by merging the
Union des forces progressistes The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006. History The Union des Forces Progressistes (UFP) was formed in 2002 out of desire to unite Québec's leftists into a political ...
(UFP) party with the
Option citoyenne Option citoyenne was an alterglobalization, sovereigntist and feminist political organization in the Canadian province of Quebec. The group was created by Françoise David in 2004; David and François Saillant were its official spokespersons. O ...
social movement. In addition to advocating the independence of Quebec from Canada, the party's platform identifies with the concepts of
environmentalism Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seek ...
,
feminism Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...
,
social justice Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fu ...
,
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
and
participatory democracy Participatory democracy, participant democracy or participative democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected rep ...
,
pacifism Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...
,
aboriginal rights Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of the Indigenous peoples. This includes not only the most basic human rights of physical survival and integrity, but also the Indigenous land rights, rights ...
, and
alter-globalism Alter-globalization (also known as alternative globalization or alter-mundialization—from the French alter-Mundialization, mondialisation—and overlapping with the global justice movement) is a social movement whose proponents support global c ...
. The party also favours
immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...
,
human dignity Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. It is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable ...
, and opposes
discrimination Discrimination is the act of making unjustified distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong. People may be discriminated on the basis of race, gender, age, relig ...
including
racism Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism ...
,
sexism Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primari ...
, and
homophobia Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitude (psychology), attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay or bisexual. It has been defined as contempt, prejudice, aversion, h ...
. QS describes itself as a sovereigntist,
green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 Nanometre, nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by ...
,
alter-globalization Alter-globalization (also known as alternative globalization or alter-mundialization—from the French alter- mondialisation—and overlapping with the global justice movement) is a social movement whose proponents support global cooperation an ...
ist, and
feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...
party. It is the most left-wing of the five parties presently represented in the National Assembly. At the party's founding, the congress unanimously adopted a document called the ''Déclaration de principes'' (declaration of principles) which laid out the principles and values that led the two organizations to merge. The declaration of principles does not specifically endorse
social democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...
or
socialism Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
, although it includes certain activists and tendencies that do. The document declared: * ''"Nous sommes écologistes"'' ("We are environmentalists") * ''"Nous sommes de gauche"'' ("We are on the Left") * ''"Nous sommes démocrates"'' ("We are democrats") * ''"Nous sommes féministes"'' ("We are feminists") * ''"Nous sommes altermondialistes"'' ("We are alter-globalists") * ''"Nous sommes d'un Québec pluriel"'' ("We are from a plural Quebec") * ''"Nous sommes d'un Québec souverain et solidaire"'' ("We are from a sovereign and united Quebec") * ''"Un autre parti, pour un autre Québec!"'' ("Another party, for another Quebec!") During the 2022 Quebec general election, party spokesman
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois (born May 31, 1990) is a politician from Quebec. With Manon Massé, he is the co-spokesperson of the left-wing party Québec solidaire since May 21, 2017, and was elected as a member of the provincial legislative assembly ...
stated that ending
food waste Food loss and waste is food that is not eaten. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and occur throughout the food system, during production, processing, distribution, retail and food service sales, and consumption. Overall, about o ...
in Quebec would be a priority of the party if in government. The party seeks to cut food waste by 50% by mandating large businesses and institutions to give unsold food to groups that would distribute the food, or to businesses that would process the food.


Structure

As with its predecessors, Québec solidaire has no party leader; instead, the party practices
collective leadership A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an ...
. The duties generally entrusted to the leader in most other Canadian federal and provincial parties are instead divided among the president, secretary general and two spokespeople. The party leadership is assumed by the National Coordinating Committee, composed of 16 persons elected by the founding congress. A person from the team of volunteers will always have a seat. However, as Quebec's election laws requires the appointment of a leader, the party's secretary general is the ''
de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...
'' party leader recognized by the
Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boa ...
. The party's statutes call for it to be represented by a male and female co-spokesperson, one of whom serves in the dual role of party president. If one of the spokespeople is a member of the National Assembly, the other spokesperson remains outside of the legislature and holds the party presidency. The national spokespersons have greater visibility than the secretary general and are best known; they are sometimes referred to in the media as the ''de facto'' co-leaders of the party.
Françoise David Françoise David (born January 13, 1948) is a former spokesperson of Québec solidaire – a left-wing, feminist, and sovereigntist political party in the province of Quebec, Canada. She was elected to serve as the Member of the National Assemb ...
and
Amir Khadir Amir Khadir ( fa, امیر خدیر; born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian politician in the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), Canada for the electoral district of Mercier, and the first male spokesperson for Québec solidaire, a sovereigntist and ...
were the two spokespersons at the party's founding.
Alexa Conradi Alexa Conradi (born 1971) is a Canadian activist and former president of the Fédération des femmes du Québec (FFQ). Career In 2009, she was named president of the Fédération des femmes du Québec, succeeding Michèle Asselin in the post ...
was president from the foundation of the party until June 2009 after which Françoise David was named president-spokeswoman. After the 2012 election, where Françoise David won a seat for the first time and Amir Khadir was re-elected, Khadir stepped down as co-spokesperson so a new one could be chosen from outside the legislature. André Frappier served as interim co-spokesperson until
Andrés Fontecilla Andrés Fontecilla (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election, representing the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion as a member of Québec s ...
was chosen on 5 May 2013 to permanently fill the role.
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois (born May 31, 1990) is a politician from Quebec. With Manon Massé, he is the co-spokesperson of the left-wing party Québec solidaire since May 21, 2017, and was elected as a member of the provincial legislative assembly ...
and
Manon Massé Manon Massé (born 1963) is a Canadian politician in Quebec and one of the two current leaders for Québec solidaire since 2017. She has represented Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the National Assembly of Quebec since the 2014 general elect ...
became the current co-spokespersons of the party on 21 May 2017. The basic unit of the party is the local association. There is a local association for each of the 125 ridings in Quebec. These local associations are grouped into 19 regional associations, whose primary mandate to support the establishment of local associations. In March 2007, Québec solidaire has 61 local associations organized. Students and staff at institutions of higher education are grouped in campus associations that also participate in the democratic life of the party. Two national commissions are also part of the structure of Québec solidaire: the Political Committee and the National Commission for Women. The first is composed of 14 thematic committees and is responsible for proposing a program to members. It was responsible for drafting the electoral platform of the party in general elections of 2007. The National Commission for Women is composed of delegates from each region and is responsible for ensuring that feminism is a value which transverses the party. Québec solidaire also includes a number of collectives, made up of members in good standing who may, in compliance with requirements, promote their respective political views within Québec solidaire. Unlike such groups did in the UFP, these groups do not have formal representation in Québec solidaire's Congress, National Council, or other party bodies. Current collectives include: * '' Alternative socialiste'', the Quebec section of
International Socialist Alternative International Socialist Alternative is an international association of Trotskyist political parties. The group was founded in 1974 as the Committee for a Workers' International, by supporters of Militant from 12 countries. In August 2019, a f ...
. * ''Décroissance conviviale'', a collective which promotes degrowth. * ''
Gauche Socialiste Gauche Socialiste is an officially recognised faction within the political party Quebec solidaire and an affiliate of the reunified Fourth International. Origins It was formed in 1983 by Trotskyists who left or were expelled from the Revoluti ...
'', the Quebec section of the
reunified Fourth International The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international. In 1963, following a ten-year schism, the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat and the International C ...
. * ''Laïcité'', a collective which promotes the
separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophical and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular sta ...
. * ''Mass critique'', an
anti-capitalist Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and Political movement, movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose capitalism. In this sense, anti-capitalists are those who wish to replace capitalism with another type of economi ...
collective. * ''Socialisme Internationale'', the Quebec membership of the International Socialists. * ''Tendance Marxiste Internationale'', the Quebec section of the
International Marxist Tendency The International Marxist Tendency (IMT) is an international Trotskyist political tendency founded by Ted Grant and his supporters following their break with the Committee for a Workers' International in 1992. The organization's website, Marxi ...
. * '' Option nationale'', formerly active as a separate electoral party from 2011 to 2017. The '' Parti Communiste du Québec – Parti Communiste du Canada'' (PCQ-PCC) left QS following Québec solidaire's merger with Option nationale in 2017.


Party leadership


Female co-spokespersons

*
Françoise David Françoise David (born January 13, 1948) is a former spokesperson of Québec solidaire – a left-wing, feminist, and sovereigntist political party in the province of Quebec, Canada. She was elected to serve as the Member of the National Assemb ...
(4 February 2006 – 19 January 2017) *
Manon Massé Manon Massé (born 1963) is a Canadian politician in Quebec and one of the two current leaders for Québec solidaire since 2017. She has represented Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the National Assembly of Quebec since the 2014 general elect ...
(19 January 2017 – present; interim until 21 May 2017)


Male co-spokespersons

*
Amir Khadir Amir Khadir ( fa, امیر خدیر; born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian politician in the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), Canada for the electoral district of Mercier, and the first male spokesperson for Québec solidaire, a sovereigntist and ...
(4 February 2006 – 2 December 2012) * André Frappier (interim) (2 December 2012 – 5 May 2013) *
Andrés Fontecilla Andrés Fontecilla (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election, representing the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion as a member of Québec s ...
(5 May 2013 – 21 May 2017) *
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois (born May 31, 1990) is a politician from Quebec. With Manon Massé, he is the co-spokesperson of the left-wing party Québec solidaire since May 21, 2017, and was elected as a member of the provincial legislative assembly ...
(21 May 2017 – present)


Presidents

* Alexa Conradi (4 February 2006 – May 2009) * Françoise David (June 2009 – 2 December 2012) * André Frappier (2 December 2012 – 5 May 2013, intérim) * Andrés Fontecilla (5 May 2013 – 21 May 2017) * Nika Deslauriers (21 May 2017 – 21 November 2021) *
Alejandra Zaga Mendez Alejandra Zaga Mendez (1987/88 * Nicolas Chatel-Launay (November 2020 – Present)


Current and former Members of the National Assembly


General election results


See also

*
Parti de la démocratie socialiste The Parti de la démocratie socialiste (PDS; en, Party of Democratic Socialism) was a provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. Founded as the New Democratic Party of Quebec ouveau Parti Démocratique du Québec (NPDQ) the NPDQ was original ...
*
Politics of Quebec The politics of Quebec are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces, namely a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The capital of Quebec is Quebec City, where the Lieutenant Governor, Pr ...
*
National Assembly of Quebec The National Assembly of Quebec (officially in french: link=no, Assemblée nationale du Québec) is the legislative body of the province of Quebec in Canada. Legislators are called MNAs (Members of the National Assembly; french: link=no, déput ...
* Political parties in Quebec


References


External links

*
New Party fills gap on the left

Québec solidaire: A Left-of-the-Left Formation?
by Roger Rashi, ''The Bullet'' No. 286, 11 December 2009.
After A Highly Successful Year Québec Solidaire Starts Debate On Program
by Roger Rashi, ''The Bullet'' No. 406, 24 August 2010. {{DEFAULTSORT:Quebec Solidaire Secessionist organizations in Canada Pro-independence parties Quebec sovereignty movement Quebec nationalism Democratic socialist parties in North America Feminism in Canada Feminist parties in North America Participatory democracy Republicanism in Canada Organizations based in Montreal Provincial political parties in Quebec Political parties established in 2006 2006 establishments in Quebec Alter-globalization Anti-globalization political parties Far-left politics in Canada Environmental organizations based in Quebec