Kiryat Shmona ( he, קִרְיַת שְׁמוֹנָה, ''lit.'' Town of the Eight) is a city in the
Northern District of
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
on the western slopes of the
Hula Valley
The Hula Valley ( he, עמק החולה, translit. ''Emek Ha-Ḥula''; also transliterated as Huleh Valley, ar, سهل الحولة) is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water, which used to be Lake Hula, prior to ...
near the
Lebanese border. The city was named after the eight people, including
Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Trumpeldor (21 November 1880 – 1 March 1920, he, יוֹסֵף טְרוּמְפֶּלְדוֹר , russian: Иосиф Владимирович (Вольфович) Трумпельдор ) was an early Zionist a ...
, who died in 1920 defending
Tel Hai
Tel Hai ( he, תֵּל חַי [] "Hill of Life") is a name of the former Jewish settlement in northern Galilee, the site of an early battle between Jews and Arabs heralding the growing civil conflict, and of a monument, tourist attraction, and a c ...
.
In it had a population of , the majority of whom are
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
s, particularly of Moroccan descent. Located near the
Israel–Lebanon border
The Blue Line is a demarcation line between Lebanon and Israel and Lebanon and the Golan Heights published by the United Nations on 7 June 2000 for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon. It has been describe ...
, Kiryat Shmona is Israel's northernmost city.
History
The town of Kiryat Shmona was established in 1949
on the site of the former
Palestinian
Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
village
al-Khalisa
Al-Khalisa was a Palestinian Arab village situated on a low hill on the northwestern edge of the Hula Valley of over 1,800 located north of Safad. It was depopulated in the 1948 Palestine war.
History
Al-Khalisa was founded by the Bedouin from th ...
, whose inhabitants had fled after
Safed was taken by the
Haganah during the
1948 Arab–Israeli War and an attempt by the village to come to an agreement with the Jewish authorities was rejected.
Literally ''The town of the Eight'', Kiryat Shmona was named after eight Jewish militiamen, commanded by
Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Trumpeldor (21 November 1880 – 1 March 1920, he, יוֹסֵף טְרוּמְפֶּלְדוֹר , russian: Иосиф Владимирович (Вольфович) Трумпельдор ) was an early Zionist a ...
, who had fallen in the 1920
Battle of Tel Hai
The Battle of Tel Hai was fought on 1 March 1920 between Arab irregulars and a Jewish defensive paramilitary force protecting the village of Tel Hai in Northern Galilee. In the course of the event, a Shiite Arab militia, accompanied by Bedouin fro ...
during the
Franco-Syrian War
The Franco-Syrian War took place during 1920 between the Hashemite rulers of the newly established Arab Kingdom of Syria and France. During a series of engagements, which climaxed in the Battle of Maysalun, French forces defeated the forces of t ...
adjacent to the new town. It had originally been named ''Kiryat Yosef'' for Trumpeldor before the name was changed to Kiryat Shmona in June 1950.
Initially the empty houses of Khalisa were used as a
transit camp for Jewish immigrants and refugees who worked mainly in farming. It was called Kiryat Yosef after Joseph Trumpeldor. The first residents were fourteen
Yemenite Jews
Yemenite Jews or Yemeni Jews or Teimanim (from ''Yehudei Teman''; ar, اليهود اليمنيون) are those Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Is ...
who arrived on July 18, 1949, and were followed by more Yemenite Jews a month later. By July 1951, the population had grown to nearly 4,000.
Relationships with nearby
kibbutzim were often strained.
In 1953, Kiryat Shmona was declared a
development town
Development towns ( he, עיירת פיתוח, ''Ayarat Pitu'ah'') were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from E ...
.
In the first few years, growth was driven by the arrival of immigrants from
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
and
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
, but later on, waves of immigrants from
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
, in particular from
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria t ...
, arrived. The city was built without a master plan, but rather neighborhood by neighborhood as waves of immigrants arrived.
![Kiryat Shmona 1964](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Kiryat_Shmona_1964.jpg)
Kiryat Shmona's location close to the Lebanon makes it a target for rocket fire cross-border attacks.
On April 11, 1974, the
, sent three members across the border from Lebanon to Kiryat Shmona. They killed eighteen residents of an apartment building, including many children, before being killed in an exchange of fire at the complex, which became known as the
Kiryat Shmona massacre.
The city continued to be the target of attacks, including
Katyusha rocket attacks by the
PLO in July 1981, a Katyusha rocket attack by the PLO in March 1986 (killing a teacher and injuring four students and one adult), and further Katyusha rocket attacks by
Hezbollah during 1996's
Operation Grapes of Wrath
Operation Grapes of Wrath ( he, מבצע ענבי זעם ''Mivtsa Enavi Zaam''), known in Lebanon as the April Aggression (), is the seventeen-day campaign of the Israeli Defense Forces against Hezbollah in 1996 which attempted to end rocket at ...
.
In spite of attacks from Lebanon, the population grew from 11,800 in 1972 to 15,100 in 1983.
In 2000–2006, the locals enjoyed relative peace but suffered from loud explosions every few weeks because of Hezbollah
anti-aircraft cannons fired at IAF planes flying across the Israeli-Lebanese border.
During the
2006 Lebanon War, the city was again the target of Hezbollah Katyusha rocket attacks. Most of the city's residents left the area during the war, and the 5,000 who remained stayed in bomb shelters, turning the city into a
ghost town
Ghost Town(s) or Ghosttown may refer to:
* Ghost town, a town that has been abandoned
Film and television
* ''Ghost Town'' (1936 film), an American Western film by Harry L. Fraser
* ''Ghost Town'' (1956 film), an American Western film by All ...
. During the war, a total of 1,012 Katyusha rockets hit Kiryat Shmona.
Geography
![CableRailwayManara](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/CableRailwayManara.jpg)
Kiryat Shmona is located in the
Finger of the Galilee next to
Hula Valley
The Hula Valley ( he, עמק החולה, translit. ''Emek Ha-Ḥula''; also transliterated as Huleh Valley, ar, سهل الحولة) is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water, which used to be Lake Hula, prior to ...
, about south and east of the
Israel–Lebanon border
The Blue Line is a demarcation line between Lebanon and Israel and Lebanon and the Golan Heights published by the United Nations on 7 June 2000 for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon. It has been describe ...
. Its elevation is about
above sea level.
The city is located above the
Dead Sea Transform
The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system, also sometimes referred to as the Dead Sea Rift, is a series of faults that run from the Maras Triple Junction (a junction with the East Anatolian Fault in southeastern Turkey) to the northern end of the ...
fault, and as a result, is one of the cities in Israel most at risk to
earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, fr ...
s (along with
Safed,
Beit She'an
Beit She'an ( he, בֵּית שְׁאָן '), also Beth-shean, formerly Beisan ( ar, بيسان ), is a town in the Northern District of Israel. The town lies at the Beit She'an Valley about 120 m (394 feet) below sea level.
Beit She'an is be ...
,
Tiberias
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's F ...
, and
Eilat).
Demographics
![Park Hazahav (7)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Park_Hazahav_%287%29.jpg)
According to CBS, in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was 97.9%
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
ish and other non-Arabs, without a significant
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
population. In 2001 there were 121 immigrants. The Jewish population of the town is largely of
Sephardi
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefa ...
and
Mizrahi
''Mizrachi'' or ''Mizrahi'' ( he, מזרחי) has two meanings.
In the literal Hebrew meaning ''Eastern'', it may refer to:
*Mizrahi Jews, Jews from the Middle East
* Mizrahi (surname), a Sephardic surname, given to Jews who got to the Iberian P ...
heritage, and many are industrial workers employed in local small industry and in neighboring
kibbutzim.
According to CBS, in 2001 there were 10,800 males and 10,700 females. The population of the city was spread out, with 33.5% 19 years of age or younger, 19.8% between 20 and 29, 19.3% between 30 and 44, 15.3% from 45 to 59, 3.5% from 60 to 64, and 8.5% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 1.8%.
Economy
According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 8,303 salaried workers and 467 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is 4,306
shekels
Shekel or sheqel ( akk, 𒅆𒅗𒇻 ''šiqlu'' or ''siqlu,'' he, שקל, plural he, שקלים or shekels, Phoenician: ) is an ancient Mesopotamian coin, usually of silver. A shekel was first a unit of weight—very roughly —and became c ...
, a real change of 4.6% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of 5,443 shekels (a real change of 7.1%) versus 3,065 shekels for females (a real change of −2.2%). The mean income for the self-employed is 6,769. There are 564 people who receive unemployment benefits and 1,655 people who receive an income guarantee.
The economy is based on consumer-oriented products such as communications, information technology, and electronics as well as agriculture on the surrounding lands and tourism.
Tourism
The town has a
cable car link with
Manara above in the Naftali mountain range and also is home to an activity center and
toboggan
A toboggan is a simple sled traditionally used by children. It is also a traditional form of transport used by the Innu and Cree of northern Canada.
In modern times, it is used on snow to carry one or more people (often children) down a hill ...
run located in the south of the town.
In the residential area there is an urban natural space called Park HaZahav. Zahav means "gold" in Hebrew; the park is named after the stream running through it – Ein Zahav Stream – the source of which is Ein Zahav ("golden spring"). Park HaZahav covers 11 hectares in the middle of the city. It comprises many diverse natural resources. In addition to intensive activity areas designated for leisure and play, and open to all, the park contains a diverse, protected, natural area comprising Ein Zahav Stream and HaTachanot Stream (Tachanot refers to two water mills
achana=millwhich were active along this stream in the past), which flow through the middle of the park. These streams have created different aquatic habitats, including shallow sections, rapids, deep sections and pools that support diverse riparian vegetation that has developed with time into a riparian forest. This isn't common in Israel. The park has a trail that goes through the forest and along the stream. Included in the park are different gardening initiatives by local volunteers, a picnic area, and a playground. The park is used for educational purposes by the community.
Education and religious institutions
![Telhai college east building](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Telhai_college_east_building.jpg)
According to CBS, there are 12 schools and 4,339 students in the city. They are spread out, as 9 elementary schools and 2,355 elementary school students, and 6 high schools and 1,984 high school students. 49.3% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.
The
Tel-Hai Academic College
Tel-Hai College is a college located in Tel Hai in northern Israel, near Kibbutz Kfar Giladi and north of Kiryat Shmona.
The college offers academic and continuing education programs for approximately 4,500 students, 70 percent of whom come from ...
is a college located near Kibbutz Kfar Giladi and north of Kiryat Shmona. The college offers academic and continuing education programs for approximately 4,500 students, 70 percent of whom come from outside the Galilee. Minorities comprise about 10 percent of the student body. The college offers degrees in life sciences, social sciences, computer science and the humanities.
Rabbi Zephaniah Drori serves as the Chief Rabbi of Kiryat Shmona as well as heading th
Kiryat Shmoneh Hesder Yeshivah
Health care
Kiryat Shmona has an urgent care clinic with an emergency room that serves the city and nearby communities. It provides services in the areas of surgery, internal medicine, orthopedics, trauma, neurology, gynecology, and psychiatry. There are also a few outpatient clinics located in the city.
Sports
Kiryat Shmona is the smallest city in Israel with a
top flight
Top Flight (April 15, 1929 – 1949) was an American U.S. Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. She was the leading American filly of her generation at two and three years of age.
Background
Bred in Kentucky by the very prominent horseman Harry ...
football club,
Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona. Formed by a merger of
Hapoel Kiryat Shmona and Maccabi Kiryat Shmona in 2000, the club won promotion to the top division for the first time at the end of the
2006–07 season, and won the Israeli Premier League Championship in 2011–2012.
The town is home to one of the 14 Israel Tennis Centers (ITC). These Centers throughout Israel teach children life skills through tennis. The Centers are primarily funded through donations. The Israel Children's Centers in the United States, and the Canada Israel Children's Centres are largely responsible for the funding of the Tennis Centers, which strive to never turn a child away due to financial need.
Transportation
![Kiryat Shmona - Acre railway](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Kiryat_Shmona_-_Acre_railway.png)
Kiryat Shmona is located at the junction of two major national highways,
Highway 90 and
Highway 99. Kiryat Shmona is located near the Northern terminus of the North-South Highway 90. Highway 90, "Israel's longest road", connects
Eilat in the extreme south of the Country, running along
Jordan Valley
The Jordan Valley ( ar, غور الأردن, ''Ghor al-Urdun''; he, עֵמֶק הַיַרְדֵּן, ''Emek HaYarden'') forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley. Unlike most other river valleys, the term "Jordan Valley" often applies just to ...
and the
Dead Sea, running through
the West Bank, to Kiryat Shmona in the northern extreme. The highway terminates about 8 km further north, at the Lebanese border at the town of
Metula
Metula ( he, מְטֻלָּה) is a town in the Northern District of Israel. Metula is located next to the northern border with Lebanon. In it had a population of . Metula is the northernmost town in Israel.
History Bronze and Iron Age
Metu ...
. Highway 99, Israel's northern-most East-West Highway, starts from Kiryat Shmoan and travels East, into
the occupied Golan. The highway passes the depopulated Syrian village of
Banias
Banias or Banyas ( ar, بانياس الحولة; he, בניאס, label=Modern Hebrew; Judeo-Aramaic, Medieval Hebrew: פמייס, etc.; grc, Πανεάς) is a site in the Golan Heights near a natural spring, once associated with the Greek g ...
, and connects to the Druze town of
Mas'ade
Mas'ade ( ar, مسعدة, he, מַסְעַדֶה) is a Druze village in the northern Golan Heights. It covers an area of , and in had a population of . It was given the status of a local council in 1982. Its inhabitants are mostly Syrian citi ...
. The highway also serves an important tourist function, as it provides access for Israelis to winter sport facilities at the slopes of
Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon ( ar, جبل الشيخ or جبل حرمون / ALA-LC: ''Jabal al-Shaykh'' ("Mountain of the Sheikh") or ''Jabal Haramun''; he, הַר חֶרְמוֹן, ''Har Hermon'') is a mountain cluster constituting the southern end of th ...
.
The
Egged Bus Company provides services along 26 inner city bus routes in Kiryat Shmona. Egged Bus Company, along with
Nateev Express
Nateev Express ( he, נתיב אקספרס, Arabic: نتيف أكسبريس ''Nativ Express'') is an Israeli bus company.
History
Nateev Express was founded in 2001. Shortly afterwards, it won the franchises for these two regions, previously serv ...
, connect Kiryat Shmona to the surrounding Jewish and Arab localities. "Golan Public Transport" connects Kiryat Shmona to Jewish and Arab localities in
the Golan Heights
The Golan Heights ( ar, هَضْبَةُ الْجَوْلَانِ, Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or ; he, רמת הגולן, ), or simply the Golan, is a region in the Levant spanning about . The region defined as the Golan Heights differs between di ...
.
Egged Bus Company also provides long-distance services to cities such as
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the ...
and
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
in the center of the country.
Currently, Kiryat Shmona is not served by
Israel Railways
Israel Railways Ltd. , dba Israel Railways ( he, רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Rakevet Yisra'el''), is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel. Isra ...
or any other sort of rail transport. There is an approved project to extend the
Acre-Karmiel passenger rail line to
Safed and Kiryat Shmona. The finalized plan was submitted for review in June 2022. The rail line will connect Kiryat Shmona to
Safed (
Tzahar),
Karmiel
Karmiel ( he, כַּרְמִיאֵל) is a city in northern Israel. Established in 1964 as a development town, Karmiel is located in the Beit HaKerem Valley which divides upper and lower Galilee. The city is located south of the Acre-Safed road, ...
,
Haifa
Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...
, and further south to the economic and population core of the Country at
Gush Dan
Gush Dan ( he, גּוּשׁ דָּן, ''lit.'' "Dan bloc") or Tel Aviv metropolitan area ( he, מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין תֵּל אָבִיב) is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline. There is no sing ...
(Greater
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the ...
). The rail line project itself has been subject to criticism. One criticism involves accusation of discrimination in planning against
Arab citizens of Israel, specifically that despite being a rail line in the
Galilee, a region where more than half the population are Palestinian-Arab, no stations that will serve any of the Arab localities of the region is proposed.
[Zagrizak, Asaf. “The Railway to Kiryat Shmona Has Been Approved: Why the Station Will Be Built Outside the City? ebrew אושרה מסילת הרכבת לקריית שמונה: למה התחנה מחוץ לעיר?” Globes.co.il. גלובס, June 27, 2022]
https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001416233
Same situation exists along the existing
Acre-Karmiel portion of the line.
Furthermore, residents of Arab-Israeli villages along the path of the railway line, specifically residents of the village of
Nahf
Nahf ( ar, نحف, ''Naḥf'' or ''Nahef''; he, נַחְף) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. It is located in between the lower and upper Galilee, about east of Acre. In it had a population of . Archaeologists believe that t ...
, charge that the proposed route of the railway line to Kiryat Shmona will result either in confiscation, or in imposition of a construction ban on 10% of the land area of the village, a village that is overcrowded and has a limited development space as it is.
[Al-Jarmaq Editorial Board “‘Railway line in the Galilee’...an Israeli scheme that gnaws at more than 600 dunums of Nahaf lands.” rabicهیئت تحریر الجرمق. “‘خط سكة قطار في الجليل’..مخطط إسرائيلي يقضم ما يزيد عن 600 دونم من أراضي نحف.” الجرمق, May 15, 2022]
Link
In addition, there are also criticisms with respect to the proposed placement of Kiryat Shmona Train Station. The station is proposed to be located outside of the urban area of the city, along local road "9779". A large parking space is proposed for the station as well. However, critics state that the location of the station will force the residents to either continue to rely on their private vehicles, or to the inconvenience of waiting for urban bus lines as opposed to simply walking.
Notable people
![Dudi Sela Israel tennis championship 2008 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Dudi_Sela_Israel_tennis_championship_2008_2.jpg)
*
Vladislav Bykanov (born 1989), Olympic speed skater
*
Zephaniah Drori (born 1937), Chief Rabbi of Kiryat Shmona
*
Ido Kozikaro (born 1978), basketball player
*
Dudi Sela
David "Dudi" Sela ( he, דודי סלע; born 4 April 1985) is an Israeli professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 29 in July 2009.
Sela won the French Open 2003 junior doubles title. Representing Israe ...
(born 1985), tennis player
*
Yifat Shasha-Biton
Yifat Shasha-Biton (, born 23 May 1973) is an Israeli educator and politician. She was appointed Minister of Education in June 2021. She was elected to the twenty-fourth Knesset on the New Hope list, after serving as an MK for Kulanu and Lik ...
(born 1973), educator and politician
*
Artem Tsoglin (born 1997), pair skater
*
Ofer Yaakobi (born 1961), basketball player
*
Eden Ben Zaken
Eden Pessia Ben Zaken ( he, עדן בן זקן; born ) is an Israeli singer who gained recognition following her participation in the first season of the TV show '' X Factor Israel'', in which she placed second.
She has been awarded Israel's wom ...
(born 1994), singer
*
Ronald Zilberberg (born 1996), Olympic figure skater
Twin towns
Kiryat Shmona is
twinned with:
*
Hampstead, Quebec
Hampstead is an on-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an independent municipality, surrounded by the boroughs of Montreal.
History
The Town of Hampstead was founded in 1914. It was designed to be an exclusive garden city. There ...
, Canada ''(since 1978)''
*
Nancy, France ''(since 1984)''
*
Memmingen
Memmingen (; Swabian: ''Memmenge'') is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is the economic, educational and administrative centre of the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-W ...
, Germany ''(since 2009)''
*
Rishon LeZion,
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
''(since 2006)''
References
External links
Places To Visit in Kiryat Shmona(English)
{{Authority control
Cities in the Great Rift Valley
Development towns
1949 establishments in Israel
Cities in Northern District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1949