Port Augusta is a small

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

. Formerly a

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...

, it is now a road traffic and

railway junction A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...

city mainly located on the east coast of the

Spencer Gulf The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe and ...

immediately south of the gulf's head and about north of the state capital,

Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...

. The suburb of Port Augusta West is located on the west side of the gulf on the

Eyre Peninsula The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north. Originally called Eyre’s Peninsula, it was named aft ...

. Other major industries included, up until the mid-2010s, electricity generation. At June 2018, the estimated urban population was 13,799, Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. having declined at an average annual rate of -0.53% over the preceding five years.

Description

The city consists of an urban area extending along the Augusta and

Eyre Highway Eyre Highway is a highway linking Western Australia and South Australia via the Nullarbor Plain. Signed as National Highways 1 and A1, it forms part of Highway 1 and the Australian National Highway network linking Perth and Adelaide. It ...

s from the coastal plain on the west side of the

Flinders Ranges The Flinders Ranges are the largest mountain range in South Australia, which starts about north of Adelaide. The ranges stretch for over from Port Pirie to Lake Callabonna. The Adnyamathanha people are the Aboriginal group who have inhabi ...

in the east across

in the west. The urban area consists of the suburbs, from east to west, of Port Augusta and Davenport (on the eastern side of Spencer Gulf), and Port Augusta West on the Eyre Peninsula.

History

Port Augusta is part of the Nukunu

Barngarla The Barngarla, formerly known as Parnkalla and also known as Pangkala, are an Aboriginal people of the Port Lincoln, Whyalla and Port Augusta areas. The Barngarla are the traditional owners of much of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Languag ...

Aboriginal country. Its original Barngarla name is ''Goordnada''. It is a natural harbour, which was proclaimed on 24 May 1852 by Alexander Elder (brother of

Thomas Elder Sir Thomas Elder, (5 August 1818 – 6 March 1897), was a Scottish-Australian pastoralist, highly successful businessman, philanthropist, politician, race-horse owner and breeder, and public figure. Amongst many other things, he is notable fo ...

) and

John Grainger John Grainger (1830, Belfast– 1891) was an Irish cleric and antiquarian. Grainger was educated at Belfast Academy and Trinity College, Dublin. After gaining a Doctorate of Divinity he became Rector of Broughshane, County Antrim. He was an in ...

, having discovered it while aboard the Government schooner '' Yatala'', captained by Edward Dowsett. The port was named after Augusta Sophia, Lady Young, the wife of the Governor of South Australia,

Sir Henry Edward Fox Young Sir Henry Edward Fox Young, KCMG (23 April 1803 – 18 September 1870) was the fifth Governor of South Australia, serving in that role from 2 August 1848 until 20 December 1854. He was then the first Governor of Tasmania, from 1855 until 1861. ...

. Lady Young was the daughter of Charles Marryat Snr., who had been a slaveholder in the

British West Indies The British West Indies (BWI) were colonized British territories in the West Indies: Anguilla, the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grena ...

. Her brother was the Anglican minister

Dean of Adelaide St Peter's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Anglican Diocese of Adelaide, Adelaide and Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan of the Province of South Australia. The c ...

Charles Marryat Charles Marryat (26 June 1827 – 29 September 1906) was the Dean of Adelaide from 1887 until his death. Early life Marryat was born in London on 26 June 1827, the son of a former slaveholder in the British West Indies, Charles Marryat Sr. of ...

Flora and fauna

Marine species include resident species and migrating visitors. Occasional sightings are made of whales, sunfish, swordfish and turtles.

Demographics

According to the 2016 Census, the population of the Port Augusta census area was 12,896 people, making it the third largest urban area after

Whyalla Whyalla was founded as "Hummocks Hill", and was known by that name until 1916. It is the fourth most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier and Gawler and along with Port Pirie and Port Augusta ...

and

Port Lincoln Port Lincoln is a town on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia. It is situated on the shore of Boston Bay, which opens eastward into Spencer Gulf. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located a ...

on the Eyre Peninsula. 49.3% of the population were female, 83.7% are Australian born and 19.2% were Aboriginal. The most popular industries for employment were Technicians and Trades Workers (16%), Community and Personal Service Workers (15.4%) and Clerical and Administrative Workers (13.8%), while the unemployment rate is approximately 7%. The median weekly household income is A$789 or more per week, compared with $924 in Adelaide. 17.4% of the population identify themselves as

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, while a higher 26.2% identify with no religion at all.

Transport

Spencer Gulf is a natural barrier to land transport, so Port Augusta has naturally become the "crossroads of Australia". It is at the junction of major road and rail links.

Road

Port Augusta is located at the eastern end of the

Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...

and at the northern end of the

Augusta Highway Augusta Highway is the part of Australia's ring route ( Highway 1) located in South Australia between Port Wakefield and Port Augusta. Route Augusta Highway starts at the intersection with Eyre and Stuart Highways in Port Augusta West, then ...

. It is situated at the southern end of the

Stuart Highway Stuart Highway is a major Australia, Australian highway. It runs from Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin, in the Northern Territory, via Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, to Port Augusta in South Australia; a distance of . Its northern and sou ...

to Darwin. Virtually all road traffic across southern Australia passes through Port Augusta and over the

Joy Baluch AM Bridge The Joy Baluch AM Bridge is a bridge across Spencer Gulf between Port Augusta and Port Augusta West in South Australia. It carries Highway 1 and is a key road link on both east–west and north–south road routes in Australia. The western en ...

across the top of

Rail

In 1878, the town became the southern terminus of a proposed North South transcontinental line, headed for Darwin away. This

narrow gauge railway A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter curves, smaller structur ...

was later taken over by the Commonwealth in 1910 and later renamed the

Central Australia Railway The former Central Australia Railway, which was built between 1878 and 1929 and closed in 1980, was a 1067 mm narrow gauge railway between Port Augusta and Alice Springs. A standard gauge line duplicated the southern section from Port Aug ...

. In 1929, it was extended to its last terminus at

Alice Springs Alice Springs ( aer, Mparntwe) is the third-largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Known as Stuart until 31 August 1933, the name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William Whitfield Mills after Alice, Lady Todd (''née'' Al ...

. Between 1913 and 1917, a long east–west transcontinental railway (the

Trans-Australian Railway The Trans-Australian Railway, opened in 1917, runs from Port Augusta in South Australia to Kalgoorlie in Western Australia, crossing the Nullarbor Plain in the process. As the only rail freight corridor between Western Australia and the easter ...

) was built from Port Augusta to

Kalgoorlie Kalgoorlie is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is sometimes referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, as the surrounding urban area includ ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

. This was built to

standard gauge A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in Ea ...

as part of a long term plan to harmonise gauges between the mainland states, causing a

break-of-gauge With railways, a break of gauge occurs where a line of one track gauge (the distance between the rails, or between the wheels of trains designed to run on those rails) meets a line of a different gauge. Trains and rolling stock generally cannot ...

at Port Augusta until the standard gauge track was extended to

Port Pirie Port Pirie is a small city on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia, north of the state capital, Adelaide. The city has an expansive history which dates back to 1845. Port Pirie was the first proclaimed regional city in South ...

in 1937. The standard gauge Adelaide-Darwin railway was finally completed in 2003.

Port Augusta Port Augusta is a small city in South Australia. Formerly a port, seaport, it is now a road traffic and Junction (rail), railway junction city mainly located on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf immediately south of the gulf's head and about ...

is a stop on the ''

Indian Pacific The ''Indian Pacific'' is a weekly experiential tourism passenger train service that runs in Australia's east–west rail corridor between Sydney, on the shore of the Pacific Ocean, and Perth, on the shore of the Indian Ocean – thus, l ...

'' transcontinental train service on the Sydney–Perth railway and on ''

The Ghan ''The Ghan'' is an experiential tourism oriented passenger train service that operates between the northern and southern coasts of Australia, through the cities of Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor. O ...

'' service between Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin. One service a week for each train in each direction serve the station. In the 1990s, the narrow gauge line between Port Augusta and

Quorn Quorn is a brand of meat substitute products, or the company that makes them. Quorn originated in the UK and is sold primarily in Europe, but is available in 14 countries. The brand is owned by parent company Monde Nissin. Quorn is sold as bo ...

was re-opened as the Pichi Richi Heritage Railway.

Aviation

Port Augusta is served by

Port Augusta Airport Port Augusta Airport is an airport located west of Port Augusta, South Australia. Overview The airport serves as a gateway to the city of Port Augusta, as well as isolated mineral projects in the north of the state. Other operations include ...

Sharp Airlines Sharp Airlines is a regional airline founded in Hamilton, Victoria, Australia in 1990. Sharp operates scheduled airline services in the southern states of Australia. Its main bases are Essendon Airport, Adelaide Airport and Launceston Airport. ...

used to connect the city to Adelaide twice daily, however this service ceased to operate on 31 May 2017.

Climate

Port Augusta experiences a

hot desert climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk''), is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...

( Köppen: ''BWh'', Trewartha: ''BWal''); with hot, dry summers; mild to warm, dry springs and autumns; and mild, dry winters. However, some authors define it as semi-arid steppe climate (''BSk''). In terms of vegetation the same is given as

desert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About on ...

, although counterintuitively the city maintains with governmental aid with some plants adapted to

arid A region is arid when it severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Regions with arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most ar ...

ity. Considered desert also by the

city hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

. A record high temperature of 49.5 °C was recorded on 24 January 2019. The city is sunny, where it features 142.1 clear days annually.

Economy

Electricity generation

From the mid-1920s, the town was supplied with

direct current Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge. An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even ...

electricity, which changed to

alternating current Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in whic ...

in 1948. Electricity was generated at the Playford B (240 MW) and Northern power stations (520 MW) from

brown coal Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%, and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat ...

mined at Leigh Creek, 250 km to the north. The only coal-fired electricity generating plants in South Australia, in 2009 they produced 33% of the state's electricity, but over 50% of the state's CO₂ emissions from electricity generation. Playford B has not been operational since 2012. In October 2015, Alinta Energy announced the permanent closure of both Northern and Playford B in early 2016, following which the Northern Power Station went offline on 9 May 2016. In 2016, a local community group was lobbying for assistance to replace the coal-fired plants with a solar thermal power station. The

premier of South Australia The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier is ...

Jay Weatherill Jay Wilson Weatherill (born 3 April 1964) is an Australian politician who was the 45th Premier of South Australia, serving from 21 October 2011 until 19 March 2018. Weatherill represented the House of Assembly seat of Cheltenham as a member of ...

announced on 14 August 2017 that construction would commence in 2018 and was expected to be completed in 2020. The

Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project was a planned solar power tower solar thermal power plant to be located north of Port Augusta in South Australia. It was planned to generate 150 MW of electricity after it was completed in 2020. Storage ca ...

is expected to cost to build, including a loan from the Federal Government, and deliver 150MW of electricity.

SolarReserve SolarReserve was a developer of utility-scale solar power projects which include Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic (PV) technology. The company has commercialized solar thermal energy storage technology that enables solar power tow ...

has a contract to supply all of the electricity required by the state government's offices from this power project.

Arid-zone horticulture

Separately,

Sundrop Farms Sundrop Farms is a developer, owner and operator of high tech greenhouse facilities which grow crops using methods which reduce reliance on finite natural resources when compared to conventional greenhouse production. Sundrop Farms opened its first ...

has a combined

solar power tower A solar power tower, also known as 'central tower' power plant or 'heliostat' power plant, is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive focused sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called heliostats) to focus the sun's ra ...

greenhouse A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse, or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of Transparent ceramics, transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic condit ...

and

desalination plant Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture. Saltw ...

which is used to produce tomatoes near the old power station site. It opened in October 2016 and produces 39MW of thermal energy from over 23000 mirrors and a tower, used for heating, electricity, and desalination to irrigate tomatoes in greenhouses. Sundrop has a 10-year contract to supply

Coles Supermarkets Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd, trading as Coles, is an Australian supermarket, retail and consumer services chain, headquartered in Melbourne as part of the Coles Group. Founded in 1914 in Collingwood by George Coles, Coles operates ...

with at least 15,000 tonnes of truss tomatoes per year.

Tourism

Port Augusta has been able to capitalise on the growing eco-tourism industry due to its proximity to the

. The

Pichi Richi Railway The Pichi Richi Railway is a narrow-gauge heritage railway in the southern Flinders Ranges of South Australia between Quorn and Port Augusta. For much of its length the line lies in the picturesque Pichi Richi Pass, where the line was complete ...

is a major drawcard, connecting Port Augusta to

via the Pichi Richi Pass. Within Port Augusta is the City of Port Augusta's Wadlata Outback Centre, providing tourists with an introduction to life in the Australian outback. The centre recorded over 500,000 visitors in 2006. North of the town, on the Stuart Highway, is the

Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden __FORCETOC__ The Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden is located on the Stuart Highway, 1.4 kilometres north of the Eyre Highway in Port Augusta West, South Australia. The garden was established in the 1980s and opened in September 1996. It is ...

, a unique and award-winning garden, opened in 1996, which "showcases a diverse collection of arid zone habitats in a picturesque setting of more than 250 hectares". The gardens have a cafe/restaurant with views across the saltbush plains to the escarpment of the Flinders Ranges. The PACC annual report shows more than 100,000 people visited the gardens in 2006. Southwest of town is the El-Alamein army base.

Proposed multi-commodity port

In February 2019, the site of the former Playford power stations was sold by

Alinta Energy Alinta Energy is an Australian electricity generating and gas retailing private company owned by Hong Kong-based Chow Tai Fook Enterprises (CTFE). It was sold for $4 billion and was approved Treasurer Scott Morrison in 2017. Alinta Energy has an ...

Cu-River Mining Cu-River Mining Pty. Ltd. is a privately-owned Australian resources company with interests in iron ore mining and port development projects in South Australia. It is the smaller of two iron ore exporters operating in the state, the larger being ...

as a prospective port development site. The company intends to construct a transshipment facility suitable for the export of iron ore, wheat and other commodities.

Media

The major publication of the town is ''

The Transcontinental ''The Transcontinental'' is a weekly newspaper published in Port Augusta, South Australia which dates from October 1914. It was later sold to Rural Press, previously owned by Fairfax Media, but now an Australian media company trading as Australi ...

'', a weekly newspaper that was first issued in October 1914, and whose office is located on Commercial Road. In 1971, a brief experiment, known as the ''Northern Observer'' (7 July – 30 August 1971), occurred when ''The Transcontinental'' and ''The Recorder'' from Port Pirie were published under a combined title in Port Pirie. Historically, the town also published the ''Dispatch'' (1877–1916), which, as was common at the time, evolved through a series of name changes: ''Port Augusta Dispatch'' (18 August 1877 – 6 August 1880); ''Port Augusta Dispatch and Flinders' Advertiser'' (13 August 1880 – 17 October 1884); ''Port Augusta Dispatch'' (20 October 1884 – 16 March 1885); and, ''Port Augusta Dispatch, Newcastle and Flinders Chronicle'' (18 March 1885 – 21 April 1916). For a short period, due to the short-lived discovery of gold at Teetulpa, a sister publication ''Teetulpa News and Golden Age'' (1886–1887) was also printed by the ''Dispatch''. Another publication. the ''Port Augusta and Stirling Illustrated News'' (1901) was also printed briefly in the town by James Taylor, but was stopped so he could focus on his printing business.

Education

There are six public primary schools: *Augusta Park Primary School, *Carlton R-9 School, *Flinders View Primary School, *Port Augusta West Primary School, *Stirling North Primary School and *Willsden Primary School. There is one secondary school, Port Augusta Secondary School, located on Stirling Road. There is one private school for reception to year 12 students called Caritas College. Port Augusta also has: *Port Augusta Special School, *OAC:Port Augusta School of the Air *The University of Adelaide and *TAFE (tertiary technical college), Port Augusta Campus.

Politics

State and federal

Since the 2020 redistribution, Port Augusta was split between the state

electoral district of Stuart Stuart is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. At 323,131 km², it is a vast country district extending from the Spencer Gulf as far as the Northern Territory border in the north and the Queenslan ...

and

electoral district of Giles Giles is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after explorer Ernest Giles, it is the largest electorate in the state by area, covering of South Australian outback. Its main population centre is th ...

. In federal politics, the city is part of the

division of Grey The Division of Grey is an Australian electoral division in South Australia. The division was one of the seven established when the former Division of South Australia was redistributed on 2 October 1903 and is named for Sir George Grey, who wa ...

, and has been represented by Liberal MP

Rowan Ramsey Rowan Eric Ramsey (born 4 August 1956) is the Liberal Party of Australia member for the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives seat of Division of Grey, Grey since the 2007 Australian federal election, 2007 election, succ ...

since 2007. Grey is held with a margin of 8.86% and is considered safe-liberal. The results shown are from the largest polling station in Port Augusta – which is located at Port Augusta TAFE college.

Local

Port Augusta is in the

City of Port Augusta The City of Port Augusta is a local government area located at the northern end of Spencer Gulf in South Australia. It is centred on the town of Port Augusta. The city was the site of South Australia's main power supplier, the Port Augusta p ...

local government area A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a State (administrative division), state, province, divi ...

. The City of Port Augusta is believed to have had the longest serving

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

in Australia,

Joy Baluch Nancy Joy Baluch (10 October 1932 – 14 May 2013) was an Australian politician who served as Mayor of Port Augusta from 1981 to 1993 and from 1995 until her death. Her term as mayor of 29 years is believed to be an Australian record. Baluch ...

, who died after 30 years of service on 14 May 2013. The council is based at the Port Augusta Civic Centre; prior to 1983, it operated out of the now-disused Port Augusta Town Hall.

Heritage listings

Port Augusta has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Beauchamp Lane: Port Augusta Waterworks * Beauchamp Lane: Beatton Memorial Drinking Fountain * Beauchamp Lane: Gladstone Square Bandstand * 9 Church Street: St Augustine's Anglican Church, Port Augusta * Commercial Road: Old Port Augusta railway station * 52 Commercial Road: Port Augusta Institute * 54 Commercial Road: Port Augusta Town Hall * 34 Flinders Terrace:

Port Augusta School of the Air A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...

* 1 Jervois Street:

Port Augusta Courthouse A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...

* Stirling Street:

Port Augusta railway station Port Augusta railway station is a rail station located on the Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line in Port Augusta, South Australia. History In 1878, the first railway line in to Port Augusta was when it became the southern terminus of a propo ...

* off Tassie Street: Port Augusta Wharf * 12 Tassie Street:

Bank of South Australia, Port Augusta A bank is a financial institution that accepts Deposit account, deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital m ...

References

External links

Big Stories, Small Towns – Online documentary featuring video, photos, digital stories and archival film from Port Augusta
{{Authority control 1852 establishments in Australia Coastal cities in Australia Coastal towns in South Australia Eyre Peninsula Far North (South Australia) Populated places established in 1852 Port cities in South Australia Spencer Gulf Trans-Australian Railway