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The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова, italic=no, Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия коммунистов Республики Молдова, Partiya kommunistov Respubliki Moldova, PCRM) is a
communist party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...
in
Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...
led by
Vladimir Voronin Vladimir Voronin (; born 25 May 1941) is a Soviet and Moldovan politician. He was the third president of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He ...
. It is the only communist party to have held a
majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats. ...
in the
post-Soviet states The post-Soviet states, also known as the former Soviet Union (FSU), the former Soviet Republics and in Russia as the near abroad (russian: links=no, ближнее зарубежье, blizhneye zarubezhye), are the 15 sovereign states that wer ...
. It has been variously described as
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
,
Moldovenist Moldovenism is a political term used to refer to the support and promotion of the Moldovans, Moldovan identity and Culture of Moldova, Moldovan culture primarily by the opponents of such ideas. Some of its supporters ascribe this identity to the ...
, and
Russophile Russophilia (literally love of Russia or Russians) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the Soviet Union and/or the Russian Empire), History of Russia, Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym is Anti-Russian se ...
. Affiliated with the
Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU), abbr. СКП–КПСС is a federation of communist parties in the post-Soviet states founded in 1993. Gennady Zyuganov has been the organisation's chairman sinc ...
, it is also a member of the
Party of the European Left The Party of the European Left (PEL), commonly abbreviated European Left, is a European political party that operates as an association of democratic socialist and communist political parties in the European Union and other European countries. ...
and the
International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several countries. It originated in 1998 when the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) invited communist an ...
. In contrast to most like-minded
left-wing Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...
and communist parties, especially in the
Western world The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to the various nations and state (polity), states in the regions of Europe, North America, and Oceania.
, the party has a conservative outlook on social issues, reflecting Voronin's views, severe restrictions on
LGBT rights in Moldova Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Moldova face legal and social challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same rights and benefits as ...
, the country's strong
social conservatism Social conservatism is a political philosophy and variety of conservatism which places emphasis on traditional power structures over social pluralism. Social conservatives organize in favor of duty, traditional values and social institutio ...
, and the influence of the
Moldovan Orthodox Church Moldovan and Moldavian refer to something of, from, or related to Moldova or Moldavia. In particular, it may refer to: *Moldovans, the main ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova *''Moldavians'', the inhabitants of the historical territory of the ...
. The party holds pro-Soviet views.


History

The PCRM was registered as a political party in 1994. The PCRM was part of the Popular Patriotic Forces Front at the time of the 1996 presidential election, in which Voronin stood as the coalition's candidate and won 10.3% of the vote, placing third. The party supported
Petru Lucinschi Petru Lucinschi (; born 27 January 1940) is a former Moldovan politician who was Moldova's second President (1997–2001). Biography Early life and education Petru Lucinschi was born on 27 January 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroc ...
in the second round of the election, and following Lucinschi's victory the PCRM was given two positions in the government. Romanian historian Dorin Cimpoeșu has described the party as
Moldovenist Moldovenism is a political term used to refer to the support and promotion of the Moldovans, Moldovan identity and Culture of Moldova, Moldovan culture primarily by the opponents of such ideas. Some of its supporters ascribe this identity to the ...
.


1998 parliamentary election

In the
1998 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 22 March 1998.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1330 The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) emerged as the largest party in Parliame ...
, the PCRM won 30.1% of the vote and 40 seats, becoming the largest party in parliament; in its platform, it called for "the rebirth of a socialist society". Despite its strong showing, the PCRM was left in opposition due to the formation of a center-right coalition government,
Alliance for Democracy and Reforms The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election. The ov ...
(ADR). Although Lucinschi later nominated
Vladimir Voronin Vladimir Voronin (; born 25 May 1941) is a Soviet and Moldovan politician. He was the third president of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He ...
as
Prime Minister of Moldova The Prime Minister of Moldova ( ro, Prim-ministrul Republicii Moldova) is Moldova's head of government. The Prime Minister is formally appointed by the President of Moldova and exercises executive power along with the cabinet, subject to parliam ...
in late 1999, the nomination was unsuccessful because Voronin did not have enough support in parliament.


2001 parliamentary election

The PCRM received 49.9% of the vote in the
2001 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 25 February 2001.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1330 The result was a victory for the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which w ...
, winning 71 out of the 101 seats in parliament.''Political Parties of the World'' (6th edition, 2005), ed. Bogdan Szajkowski, page 414. With a PCRM parliamentary majority, Voronin was elected as president by parliament in April 2001. The Constitutional Court ruled that the President could also lead a political party, and Voronin was re-elected as party leader.


2005 parliamentary election

As the ruling political party in
Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...
, it won the
2005 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 6 March 2005.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1330 The result was a victory for the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which won 5 ...
, and provided the President,
Vladimir Voronin Vladimir Voronin (; born 25 May 1941) is a Soviet and Moldovan politician. He was the third president of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He ...
, the Prime Minister,
Zinaida Greceanîi Zinaida Greceanîi (; born 7 February 1956Page on Greceanii at government website
.
) is a ...
, and the
Speaker of the Moldovan Parliament The President of the Parliament ( ro, Președintele Parlamentului) is the speaker (politics), presiding officer of the Parliament of Moldova. The current President of the Parliament is Igor Grosu since 29 July 2021. History Moldavian Democratic ...
,
Marian Lupu Marian Lupu (; born 20 June 1966) is a Moldovan politician who was the President of the Parliament of Moldova between 2010 and 2013. From this position he served as Acting President of the Republic from 2010 until 2012. Personal life Marian Lup ...
. Under Voronin, it privatized several state-owned industries and governed in a multi-party fashion. It also favors
European integration European integration is the process of industrial, economic integration, economic, political, legal, social integration, social, and cultural Regional integration, integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integrat ...
and eventual EU membership.


2009 parliamentary elections

After
April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 5 April 2009. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) won a majority of seats (60 out of 101) for the third consecutive occasion. Turnout was 59%, exceeding the 50% necessary for t ...
and the
2009 Moldova civil unrest Protests against the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election results began on 6 April 2009 in major cities of Moldova (including Bălți and the capital, Chișinău) before the final official results were announced. The demonstrators claim ...
, the political and civic climate in Moldova became very polarized. The
parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
failed to elect a new president. For this reason, the parliament was dissolved and, consequently,
snap elections A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Generally, a snap election in a parliamentary system (the dissolution of parliament) is called to capitalize on an unusual electoral opportunity or to ...
were held. At the
July 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election Early parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 29 July 2009.Alliance For European Integration (AIE). For the first time since 2001, the Communists were pushed in opposition.


2010 parliamentary election

After the Parliament failed to elect a new President of the Republic,
2010 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 28 November 2010 after parliamentary vote failed to elect a President for the second time in late 2009. Background After the constitutional referendum failed to meet the 33% turnout required to val ...
were called. In the election, PCRM obtained 39.34% of votes, winning 42 seats, going again into opposition to the Alliance of European Integration (AIE). In 2011, Igor Dodon and
Zinaida Greceanîi Zinaida Greceanîi (; born 7 February 1956Page on Greceanii at government website
.
) is a ...
left the party and joined the
Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Partidul Socialiștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия социалистов Республики Молдова, Partya sotsialistov Respubliki Moldova, PSRM) is a democra ...
(PSRM).


2014 parliamentary election

The
2014 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 30 November 2014. The result was described as "more a loss than a victory" of the incumbent pro-European coalition, with center-right parties divided by sharp tensions. The pro-Russian Party of Soci ...
saw a great defeat for PCRM, which received only 17.48% of votes, losing more than half of its electors to PSRM and electing 21 seats. Following the elections, the party agreed to give confidence and supply to the new
Gaburici Cabinet The Gaburici Cabinet was the Cabinet of Moldova from 18 February to 30 July 2015. It consisted of ministers from the Liberal Democratic Party (PLDM) and the Democratic Party (PDM), who together formed the Political Alliance for a European Moldova. ...
. The agreement collapsed in June 2015 and the PCRM went back into opposition. In 2016, the party suffered a large split as 14 MPS left PCRM faction and established the Social Democratic Platform for Moldova, joining the majority of
Filip Cabinet The Filip Cabinet was the Cabinet of Moldova led by Pavel Filip from January 2016 to June 2019. Overview After the dismissal of previous cabinet, no consensus was reached by the three pro-European parliamentary parties - Liberal Democratic Par ...
. On 10 March 2017, all 14 MPs joined the
Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party ( ro, Partidul Social Democrat European, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist social-democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of th ...
(PDM). Since then, the party rapidly declined in polls, losing most of its votes to PSRM and PDM.


2019 parliamentary election

At the
2019 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 24 February 2019 in order to elect the 101 members of the Parliament of Moldova. The Constitution holds that elections are to be held no later than four years and three months from the date of inaug ...
, the PCRM collapsed, receiving only 3.75% of votes and losing all representation in the parliament for the first time since the
Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and ad ...
.


2021 parliamentary election

At the
2021 Moldovan parliamentary election Snap parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 11 July 2021. Following the resignation of Ion Chicu, the position of Prime Minister became vacant, with the Parliament being obligated to form a new government within three months. After the ...
, the PCRM decided to join forces with the PSRM in order to re-enter the parliament as the
Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists The Bloc of Communists and Socialists ( ro, Blocul Comuniștilor și Socialiștilor; russian: Блок коммунистов и социалистов, BCS) is a communist and democratic socialist political alliance in Moldova formed in May ahe ...
(BECS). The party won 10 out of 101 seats in the parliament as part of the aforementioned electoral bloc, thus regaining parliamentary presence after 2019.


Ideology

According to Art. 1 of its statute adopted in 2008, the PCRM is the "lawful successor and heir of the
Communist Party of Moldova The Communist Party of Moldavia ( ro, Partidul Comunist al Moldovei, PCM; Moldovan Cyrillic: Партидул Комунист ал Молдовей; russian: Коммунистическая партия Молдавии) was the ruling and the ...
both in terms of ideas and traditions." While officially espousing a
Leninist Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishme ...
communist doctrine, there is debate over their policies. In 2009, ''
The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British weekly newspaper printed in demitab format and published digitally. It focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, technology, and culture. Based in London, the newspaper is owned by The Econo ...
'' considered it a
centre-right Centre-right politics lean to the Right-wing politics, right of the Left–right politics, political spectrum, but are closer to the Centrism, centre. From the 1780s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure a ...
party, communist-in-name only. Romanian political scientist
Vladimir Tismăneanu Vladimir Tismăneanu (; born July 4, 1951) is a Romanian American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. A specialist in political systems and comparative politics, he is di ...
posits that the party is not
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
in the classical sense because of the many changes since the
dissolution of the Soviet Union The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
, but it is the clear successor to the Communist Party of Moldova, and not something foreign to it, for its
Soviet nostalgia The social phenomenon of nostalgia for the era of the Soviet Union (russian: links=no, Ностальгия по СССР, Nostal'giya po SSSR), can include its politics, its society, its culture, its superpower status, or simply its aesth ...
. For its latest period of governance, the PCRM has outlined a new quality of life, economic modernisation, European integration, and consolidation of the society as goals for the country. During the party's time in government, the party has adopted pro-Russian policies, while remaining committed to
European integration European integration is the process of industrial, economic integration, economic, political, legal, social integration, social, and cultural Regional integration, integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integrat ...
. Despite being known for gaining most of its support from pensioners, since 2009 it also started to attract more votes from young people and adopting a
populist Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against " the elite". It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed ...
outlook, which was downplayed during the PCRM's time in government but has resurfaced at the opposition and extra-parliamentary level. In contrast to social populist parties, some of which combine left-wing policies on welfare with more right-wing nationalist stances, the PCRM is only marginally populist, and its main ideology continues to be
Marxism–Leninism Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various co ...
and European socialism. The party is known for its
Moldovenist Moldovenism is a political term used to refer to the support and promotion of the Moldovans, Moldovan identity and Culture of Moldova, Moldovan culture primarily by the opponents of such ideas. Some of its supporters ascribe this identity to the ...
position, supporting the existence of Moldovan language and ethnicity. The party considers June 28 1940 as "the day Moldova was liberated by the Soviet Union from the Romanian occupation". For these reasons, part of the press (such as journalist
Oleg Serebrian Oleg Serebrian (born 13 July 1969, Hădărăuți) is a Moldovan politician, writer, diplomat and political scientist, President of the Latin Union between 2010 and 2012. Biography He studied law and history at the Ion Creangă State Pedagogi ...
) described the party as
anti-Romanian Anti-Romanian sentiment, also known as Romanophobia ( ro, antiromânism, ''românofobie'') is hostility, hatred towards, or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived ethnic group, and it can range from persona ...
.


Leadership

*
Vladimir Voronin Vladimir Voronin (; born 25 May 1941) is a Soviet and Moldovan politician. He was the third president of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He ...
– President; MP *
Oleg Reidman Oleg Moiseevich Reidman (russian: Олег Моисеевич Рейдман, born May 21, 1952, Kishinev, Soviet Union) is a Moldovan politician, currently serving in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova. Biography He is one of the l ...
– Vice President; MP * Veaceslav Nigai – Vice President; MP * Constantin Starîș – Executive Secretary for Ideology; MP


Electoral results


Parliament


Presidency


Gallery

File:PCRM 2009.svg, Votes won by PCRM in the
April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 5 April 2009. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) won a majority of seats (60 out of 101) for the third consecutive occasion. Turnout was 59%, exceeding the 50% necessary for t ...
by raion and municipality


Notes


References


External links


Official website
{{authority control 1993 establishments in Moldova Communist parties in Moldova Democratic socialist parties in Europe Party of the European Left member parties Political parties established in 1993 Political parties in Moldova Social conservative parties International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties Russian political parties in Moldova Anti-Romanian sentiment