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The Pamba River (also called Pampa River) is the longest river in the Indian state of
Kerala
Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...
after Periyar
Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), revered as Periyar or Thanthai Periyar, was an Indian social activist and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. He is known as the ' ...
and Bharathappuzha
Bharathappuzha ("River of Bhārata"), also known as the Nila or Ponnani River, is a river in India in the state of Kerala. With a length of 209 km, it is the second longest river that flows through Kerala after the Periyar. It flows throu ...
, and the longest river in the erstwhile former princely state of Travancore
The Kingdom of Travancore ( /ˈtrævənkɔːr/), also known as the Kingdom of Thiruvithamkoor, was an Indian kingdom from c. 1729 until 1949. It was ruled by the Travancore Royal Family from Padmanabhapuram, and later Thiruvananthapuram. At ...
. Sabarimala
The Sabarimala Temple (; ml, ശബരിമല ക്ഷേത്രം) is a temple complex located at Sabarimala hill inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve in the Perinad Village, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. It is one of the largest ...
temple dedicated to Lord Ayyappa
Ayyappan an incarnation of dharma sastha, also called Manikandan, is a Hindu deity popular in Southern India, He is considered to be the epitome of dharma, truth, and righteousness and is often called upon to obliterate evil.
Although devotion t ...
is located on the banks of the river Pamba.
The river is also known as 'Dakshina Bhageerathi'. During ancient times it was called 'River Baris' and jordan of malankara
The River Pamba enriches the lands of Pathanamthitta District
Pathanamthitta District (), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruval ...
and the Kuttanad
Kuttanad ( ml, കുട്ടനാട്) is a region covering the Alappuzha, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta Districts, in the state of Kerala, India, well known for its vast paddy fields and geographical peculiarities. The region has the lo ...
area of Alappuzha District and few areas of Kottayam
Kottayam () is a municipal town in the Indian state of Kerala. Flanked by the Western Ghats on the east and the Vembanad Lake and paddy fields of Kuttanad on the west. It is the district headquarters of Kottayam district, located in south-we ...
Course
The Pamba originates at Pulachimalai hill in thePeerumedu
Peermade, also spelt Peerumedu (Malayalam: പീരുമേട്) is a village, Grama Panchayat and hill station in the state of Kerala, India. It lies above sea level in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) about east of Kottayam on the way to Th ...
plateau in the Western Ghats at an altitude of .
Starting from the Idukki district and traversing a distance of through Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha districts, the river joins the Arabian Sea through a number of channels. The basin extends over an area of with the entire catchment area within Kerala state. The basin is bounded on the east by Western Ghats and on the west by Arabian Sea. The river shares its northern boundary with the Manimala River
Manimala River or Manimalayar is a 92km long river which flows through South and Central Kerala. The river used to be wrongly considered as a tributary of Pamba River before satellite maps became popular, but this was proved incorrect. Manimala d ...
basin, and the southern boundary with the Achankovil River
Achankovil is a 128 km long west flowing river in Kerala, India, which flows through Kollam, Pathanamthitta, and Alappuzha districts. The river drains vast tract of fertile plains of Upper Kuttanad in the Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta district ...
basin.
The river flows through Chittar, Vadasserikkara
Vadaserikara is a village in Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India. It is one of the 11 villages in Ranni
and sits at the confluence of the Pamba and Kallar River.Nearest Railway Station Is Thiruvalla,Located At A Distance Of ...
, Ranni, Ayroor, Cherukole
Cherukole is a village in Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India.
Demographics
India census, Cherukole had a population of 13,048 with 6,200 males and 6,848 females.
See also
* Ranni
* Keekozhur
* Pathanamthitta district
...
, Keezhukara
Keezhukara, a small village in Pathanamthitta district, is about 135 km from Thiruvanandapuram, capital city of Kerala, India. It is on latitude 9.349 N and longitude 76.705 E. Pampa River is on the north and west. Kozhencherry is in the ...
, Kozhencherry
Kozhencherry ( ml, കോഴഞ്ചേരി) is a census town in Pathanamthitta district of Central Travancore region (South Central Kerala) in Kerala state, India. census, the population was 433,357 people in 92,825 households.
History
Ko ...
, Maramon
Maramon is a small town on the Pampa River, in Thiruvalla Sub-District & Taluk opposite to Kozhencherry in the state of Kerala, India. It is 16 km from the Thiruvalla Town headquarters, the town of Thiruvalla.
Maramon Convention
M ...
, Aranmula
Aranmula is a temple town in the state of Kerala, India. It is known as the cultural capital of Pathanamthitta district, located at a distance of around 116 km from Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala, it is situated on the banks of the ...
, Arattupuzha
Arattupuzha is a cultural village in Thrissur district of Kerala in South India
South India, approximately South of the town of Thrissur.
Located on the banks of the Karuvannur river, Arattupuzha is home to the annual Arattupuzha Pooram
...
, Edanad
Edanad is a village in Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and ...
, Puthencavu
Puthencavu is a village in Alappuzha District of Kerala, India, located 2 km east of Chengannur along the southern bank of the river Pamba.
The village is around 2 km from Arattupuzha, and can be easily accessed from Chengannur a ...
, Chengannur
Chengannur (also spelled Chengannoor or Chenganur) is a Municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala State, India. It is located in the extreme eastern part of the Alappuzha district, on the banks of Pamba River.
Chengannur is north of ...
, Kallissery
Kallissery (; ) is a small town in Chengannur Taluk of Alappuzha district of Kerala, India.
Location
Kallissery is a town on the MC ROAD part of the Thiruvanvandoor village in the district of Alleppey and is a prominent area of local busine ...
, Pandanad
Pandanadu (also known as Pandavar Nadu) is a village in Chengannur taluk in Alappuzha district, in Kerala, India.Parumala
Parumala is a small village and island on the Pampa River in Thiruvalla Taluk ,Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India.It Is Part Of Thiruvalla Sub-District & Thiruvalla Constituency.
Parumala is the site of the Tomb of St. Gregorios (Paruma ...
, Mannar Mannar may refer to the following places:
India
* Mannar, Alappuzha, a town in Chengannur Taluk, Kerala
Sri Lanka
* Mannar District, one of 25 districts in Sri Lanka
** Mannar Island, an island within the district
**Mannar Bridge, a bridge connect ...
, Kadapra
Kadapra is one of the developing Area in Thiruvalla Taluk, Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India. It lies near to Parumala and Niranam. Much development is occurring.It Is Part Of Thiruvalla Sub-District.It Also Comes Under Thir ...
, Melpadom, Thevery, Veeyapuram, Thakazhy
Thakazhy is a village in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is part of the Kuttanad region bound by the backwaters and is located on the banks of the River Pamba. It is the birthplace of the famous writer Thakazhi Sivasanka ...
, Pullangady, Pallathuruthy
Pallathuruthy is a village in the Kuttanad region, in the district of Alappuzha, in the state of Kerala, India.
Geography
''Pallathuruthy'' is a water bound region surrounded by the Vembanad lake. Also, the ''Pallathuruthy Canal'' passes thr ...
before emptying into the Vembanad Lake
Vembanad is the longest lake in India, as well as the largest lake in the state of Kerala. The lake has an area of 230 square kilometers and a maximum length of 96.5 km. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Ve ...
, while another branch flows directly via Karuvatta
Karuvatta is a village in Alappuzha District of Kerala region of India. It lies in between Haripad and Thottappally in Alappuzha, on National Highway 66. Karuvatta has a railway station, and the nearest airports are Trivandrum Internation ...
into Thottappally Spillway Thottappally Spillway is Kuttanad's drain-way out to the Arabian Sea. The Thottappally Spillway splits the Thottappally lake with the fresh water part to the east and saline Thottappally river mouth to the west merging with the Arabian Sea. Thottapp ...
. One branch of Pamba called Varattar
Varattar River is one of the tributaries of the river Kalpathipuzha. ''Kalpathipuzha'' is one of the main tributaries of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in Kerala, south India.
See also
*Bharathapuzha River - Main river
**Kalpa ...
flows from Arattupuzha
Arattupuzha is a cultural village in Thrissur district of Kerala in South India
South India, approximately South of the town of Thrissur.
Located on the banks of the Karuvannur river, Arattupuzha is home to the annual Arattupuzha Pooram
...
/ Puthenkavu and along Edanad
Edanad is a village in Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and ...
, Othera, Thiruvanvandoor
Thiruvanvandoor (pronounced ) is a village Near Thiruvalla,in Chengannur Taluk in Alappuzha district, in Kerala, India.Eramallikkara and flows into
Due to drought and a lack of conservation and protection by the government, the Pampa River has shrunk to a stream and is totally dry in many places. Nearby wells have also dried up. Water for farming, such as paddy fields, is scarce. Experts are calling for governmental awareness of the dire situation and the need to rein in development that is destroying the environment.
The Kerala High Court has initiated steps to control the pollution of the river from the practice of some visitors to Sabarimala who throw their clothes into it. As part of the Punyam Poonkavanam project, pilgrims have been exhorted to avoid the usage of soap and oil while bathing in River Pamba. They are also requested not to throw any material, including clothes, to this
Lord Ayyappan (Sri Dharmasastha) appeared to the
Report made by National Water Development Agency on Interlinking of Pamba with Vaippar - PDF
{{Coord, 9, 30, N, 76, 25, E, display=title, region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki Rivers of Pathanamthitta district Rivers of Idukki district Rivers of Alappuzha district
Manimala River
Manimala River or Manimalayar is a 92km long river which flows through South and Central Kerala. The river used to be wrongly considered as a tributary of Pamba River before satellite maps became popular, but this was proved incorrect. Manimala d ...
at Kallumkal East side. Another branch of Pamba flows from Kuthiathode
Kuthiathode is a gram panchayat in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala.
Geography
The Kuthiathode or the river stream was once the major waterway for transporting goods to the local market from Kochi via the Vembanad lake.
His ...
and joins with Manimala River
Manimala River or Manimalayar is a 92km long river which flows through South and Central Kerala. The river used to be wrongly considered as a tributary of Pamba River before satellite maps became popular, but this was proved incorrect. Manimala d ...
at Kallumkal West side, and branches out again at Nedumpuram
Nedumpuram is a village in Tiruvalla, Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India.It Comes Under Thiruvalla Sub-District & Thiruvalla Constituency.
Nedumpuram is the birthplace of Federal Bank. The Federal Bank Limited (the erstwh ...
from Manimala River
Manimala River or Manimalayar is a 92km long river which flows through South and Central Kerala. The river used to be wrongly considered as a tributary of Pamba River before satellite maps became popular, but this was proved incorrect. Manimala d ...
and flows along Thalavady
Thalavady is an Upper Kuttanadu village and Panchayat located in Kuttanadu Taluk, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. The village was ruled by King of Chembakassery Kingdom.
Its geography is dominated by its vast lush green paddy field, unique ...
, Edathua
Edathua is a small village in Kuttanad, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. It is located 12 km from Thiruvalla city center, National Highway 183 and the Thiruvalla railway station.
Pilgrim Center
St. George Forane Church, Edathua is the ma ...
, Champakulam
Champakulam is a village in Kerala, India. It is in Alappuzha district. Champakulam is part of Kuttanad, the rice bowl of Kerala, and is resplendent in green paddy fields, coconut groves and water fowl. Champakulam is an important tourist spo ...
, Pullangady, Nedumudy
Nedumudi is a village in the Alappuzha district of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the birthplace of Malayalam actor Nedumudi Venu. Nedumudi sits on the banks of the river Pamba. It was the first village in Kerala to attain 100% Literacy.
...
and empties into Vembanad Lake at Kainakary
Kainakary is a village in Kuttanad Taluk in Alappuzha District of the Indian state of Kerala.
History
Kainakary was part of the Chembakassery Dynasty.
Geography
Five rivers originating from the Western Ghats, including the sacred Pamba River ...
. This branch links with Mainstream Pamba River at Pullangady while continuing to flow to Vembanad lake
Vembanad is the longest lake in India, as well as the largest lake in the state of Kerala. The lake has an area of 230 square kilometers and a maximum length of 96.5 km. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Ve ...
. One branch of Achankovil River
Achankovil is a 128 km long west flowing river in Kerala, India, which flows through Kollam, Pathanamthitta, and Alappuzha districts. The river drains vast tract of fertile plains of Upper Kuttanad in the Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta district ...
joins with Pamba at Paippad
Paippad is a village in Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India.
Demographics
India census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This ...
/ Veeyapuram, while another branch flows into Pamba again via Karichal, Cheruthana
Cheruthana is a village in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala.
Demographics
India census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. ...
. Perunthenaruvi is the major waterfall in Pamba river between vechoochira
Vechoochira is a village located in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India.Nearest Railway Station is Thiruvalla,Located At A Distance Of 45km
Location
Vechoochira is about to from Erumely, a Hindu pilgrimage centre, and to from Ranni ...
and Athikkayam
Athikkayam is a village located in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala State, India. It is a small village that is situated on the bank of the Pamba River It's one of the 11 villages in Ranni taluk.
Demographics
India census
A census ...
Tributaries
* Azhuthayar * Kakkiyar *Kakkattar
Kakkattar is a tributary of the Pamba River, the third longest river in the South Indian state of Kerala. This river passes through the places like Ranni-Perunad, Maniyar, Manakkayam, Seethathodu, Angamoozhy
Angamoozhy is a village in Pat ...
* Kallar
* Aadhi Pamba
*Varattar
Varattar River is one of the tributaries of the river Kalpathipuzha. ''Kalpathipuzha'' is one of the main tributaries of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in Kerala, south India.
See also
*Bharathapuzha River - Main river
**Kalpa ...
* Kuttemperoor
* Utharappalliyar
* Kolarayar
*Njunungar
Njunungar River is a small tributary of both the Pamba in the Indian state of Kerala
Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by com ...
*Madatharuvi
Madatharuvi is a stream that joins the Pampa River in Ranni, Kerala, Ranni. It consist of a series of waterfalls and rapids that pass through pristine tropical forests.
untouched by industries the water is pure and fresh with a few species of fres ...
* Kozhithodu
* Thanungattilthodu
Topography of the basin, reservoirs and command area
Like all the river basins in Kerala, the Pamba basin also can be divided into three natural zones based on elevation, consisting of low land or seaboard, midland and high land. The coast for a short distance along the borders of lakes is flat, retreating from it the surface roughens up into slopes which gradually combine and swell into mountains on the east. The low land area along sea coast is generally swampy and liable to be flooded during monsoon inundation. The plains/midlands succeed low land in gentle ascents and valleys interspersed with isolated low hills. The high land on the eastern portion is broken by long spurs, dense forests, extensive ravines and tangled jungles. Towering above all their slopes are Western Ghats that form eastern boundary of the basins.Endangered state
Due to drought and a lack of conservation and protection by the government, the Pampa River has shrunk to a stream and is totally dry in many places. Nearby wells have also dried up. Water for farming, such as paddy fields, is scarce. Experts are calling for governmental awareness of the dire situation and the need to rein in development that is destroying the environment.
The Kerala High Court has initiated steps to control the pollution of the river from the practice of some visitors to Sabarimala who throw their clothes into it. As part of the Punyam Poonkavanam project, pilgrims have been exhorted to avoid the usage of soap and oil while bathing in River Pamba. They are also requested not to throw any material, including clothes, to this holy river
Sacred waters are sacred natural sites characterized by tangible topographical land formations such as rivers, lakes, springs, reservoirs, and oceans, as opposed to holy water which is water elevated with the sacramental blessing of a cleric. T ...
. At a broader level, this project aims to spread the message of cleanliness and greenness beyond Pamba and Sabarimala.
Significance in Hinduism
Lord Ayyappan (Sri Dharmasastha) appeared to the Pandalam
Pandalam is a municipal town in Pathanamthitta district Kerala, India. Pandalam is considered a holy town due to its connection with Lord Ayyappa and Sabarimala. Rightly recognised to be the ''educational and cultural capital of Central Trava ...
Raja as a child on the banks of the Pamba River. The Pamba River has been venerated as ''Ganga of kerala,'' and devotees of Lord Ayyappan believe that immersing oneself in the Pamba is equivalent to bathing in the Holy Ganges River. Bathing in the river, believed to absolve one's sins, is a requirement before commencing the trek through the forest to the Ayyappan Temple atop Sabarimala
The Sabarimala Temple (; ml, ശബരിമല ക്ഷേത്രം) is a temple complex located at Sabarimala hill inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve in the Perinad Village, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. It is one of the largest ...
. The river pamba flowing in kerala state has many famous temple in its banks other than the Sabarimala.Tiruvalla Sreevallabhapuram temple, Adoor Mannar Temple, Aranmula temple, Chenganoor Mahadeva temple, Thakazhy Sree Dharma Sastha Temple are most famous few among them. The lake or Saras mentioned in Ramayana is Pamba saras and that is the basin of Present Tungabhadra river and the sabariyasram also situated very near. Then the old Kishkindha(Monkey city) or present day Hampi( UNESCO heritage site) also situated near that pamba saras near Hampi.
See also
*Melukara * Ayroor *Pathanamthitta District
Pathanamthitta District (), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruval ...
*Sabarimala
The Sabarimala Temple (; ml, ശബരിമല ക്ഷേത്രം) is a temple complex located at Sabarimala hill inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve in the Perinad Village, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. It is one of the largest ...
*Ayyappa
Ayyappan an incarnation of dharma sastha, also called Manikandan, is a Hindu deity popular in Southern India, He is considered to be the epitome of dharma, truth, and righteousness and is often called upon to obliterate evil.
Although devotion ...
*List of rivers in Kerala
There are 44 major rivers in Kerala, all but three originating in the Western Ghats. 41 of them flow westward and 3 eastward. The rivers of Kerala are small, in terms of length, breadth and water discharge. The rivers flow faster, owing to the ...
*Aranmula Kottaram
Aranmula Kottaram or Aranmula Palace is an old palace at Aranmula, a historical and traditional village in Kerala, India. Aranmula Palace was built more than 200 years ago. This palace is known as Aranmula Vadakke Kottaram. Aranmula vadakke ko ...
*Ganges River
The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...
References
;Sources * * nwda.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/0413760650.pdf Rivers of KeralaExternal links
Report made by National Water Development Agency on Interlinking of Pamba with Vaippar - PDF
{{Coord, 9, 30, N, 76, 25, E, display=title, region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki Rivers of Pathanamthitta district Rivers of Idukki district Rivers of Alappuzha district