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outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
: The Korean language is an
East Asian language The languages of East Asia belong to several distinct language families, with many common features attributed to interaction. In the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area, Chinese varieties and languages of southeast Asia share many areal featu ...
spoken by about 80 million people. It is a member of the
Koreanic Koreanic is a small language family consisting of the Korean language, Korean and Jeju language, Jeju languages. The latter is often described as a dialect of Korean, but is distinct enough to be considered a separate language. Alexander Vovin s ...
language family and is the
official An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority, (either their own or that of their ...
and
national National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...
language of both
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
s:
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
and
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...
, with different standardized official forms used in each country. It is also one of the two official languages in the
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Yanbian (; Chosŏn'gŭl: , ''Yeonbyeon''), officially known as the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, is an autonomous prefecture in the east of Jilin Province, China. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang Province, on the west by ...
and
Changbai Korean Autonomous County Changbai Korean Autonomous County, or simply Changbai County (; Chosŏn'gŭl: 장백현; Hangul: 창바현) is a county in southern Jilin province, China, facing Hyesan, North Korea. It is under the administration of the city of Baishan, to the ...
of
Jilin Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Prim ...
province,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a
language isolate Language isolates are languages that cannot be classified into larger language families. Korean and Basque are two of the most common examples. Other language isolates include Ainu in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, and Haida in North America. The num ...
;. however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean itself and the
Jeju language Jeju (Jeju: , ; ko, 제주어, or , ), often called Jejueo or Jejuan in English-language scholarship, is a Koreanic language traditionally spoken on Jeju Island, South Korea. While often classified as a divergent Jeju dialect ( ko, 제주방 ...
(spoken in the
Jeju Province Jeju Province, officially Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, is one of the nine provinces of South Korea. The province comprises Jeju Island (; ), formerly transliterated as Cheju or Cheju Do, the country's largest island. It was previously kno ...
and considered somewhat distinct) form the
Koreanic language family Koreanic is a small language family consisting of the Korean and Jeju languages. The latter is often described as a dialect of Korean, but is distinct enough to be considered a separate language. Alexander Vovin suggests that the Yukjin dialect ...
. This implies that Korean is not an isolate, but a member of a micro-family. The idea that Korean belongs to the controversial
Altaic language family Altaic (; also called Transeurasian) is a controversial proposed language family that would include the Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic and Tungusic languages, Tungusic language families and possibly also the Japonic la ...
is discredited in academic research. Korean is
agglutinative In linguistics, agglutination is a morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes, each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative langu ...
in its morphology and SOV in its
syntax In linguistics, syntax () is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure ( constituency) ...
.
Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
–


What ''type'' of thing is

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
?

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
can be described as all of the following: *
Language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
**
Language isolate Language isolates are languages that cannot be classified into larger language families. Korean and Basque are two of the most common examples. Other language isolates include Ainu in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, and Haida in North America. The num ...
***
Koreanic language Koreanic is a small language family consisting of the Korean and Jeju languages. The latter is often described as a dialect of Korean, but is distinct enough to be considered a separate language. Alexander Vovin suggests that the Yukjin dialect ...


Dialects of

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...

*
Korean dialects A number of Korean dialects are spoken on the Korean Peninsula. The peninsula is very mountainous and each dialect's "territory" corresponds closely to the natural boundaries between different geographical regions of Korea. Most of the dialects ...
** Chungcheong dialect **
Gangwon dialect The Gangwon dialect is spoken in South Korea's Gangwon Province and in North Korea's Kangwŏn Province. Although they are large provinces by area, relatively few people lived in the Gangwon Province. As a result, people living in the western s ...
**
Gyeonggi dialect The Gyeonggi dialect () or Seoul dialect () of the Korean language is the prestige dialect of the language and the basis of the standardized form used in South Korea. It is spoken throughout the Korean Peninsula and in the Korean diaspora, but i ...
**
Gyeongsang dialect The Gyeongsang dialects (also spelled Kyŏngsang), or Southeastern Korean, are dialects of the Korean language of the Yeongnam region, which includes both Gyeongsang provinces, North and South. There are approximately 13,000,000 speakers. Unlik ...
**
Hamgyŏng dialect The Hamgyŏng dialect, or Northeastern Korean, is a dialect of the Korean language used in most of North and South Hamgyŏng and Ryanggang Provinces of northeastern North Korea, all of which were originally united as Hamgyŏng Province. Since th ...
**
Hwanghae dialect Hwanghae dialect () is a dialect of Korean spoken in North Hwanghae Province, South Hwanghae Province in North Korea, as well as the islands of Baengnyeongdo, Yeonpyeongdo and Daecheongdo in Ongjin County in South Korea. It may also be spoken a ...
**
Jeju language Jeju (Jeju: , ; ko, 제주어, or , ), often called Jejueo or Jejuan in English-language scholarship, is a Koreanic language traditionally spoken on Jeju Island, South Korea. While often classified as a divergent Jeju dialect ( ko, 제주방 ...
**
Jeolla dialect The Jeolla dialect of the Korean language, also known as Southwestern Korean, is spoken in the Jeolla ( Honam) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan city of Gwangju. This area was known as Jeolla Province during the Joseon era. Howeve ...
**
Koryo-mar , , or ( ko, 고려말, russian: Корё мар), otherwise known as () by speakers of the dialect, is a dialect of Korean spoken by the Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the countries of the former Soviet Union. It is descended from the Hamgy ...
**
North Korean standard language North Korean standard language or () is the North Korean standard version of the Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the standard in 1966. The adopting proclamation stated that the Pyongan dialect spoken in the North Korean capital P ...
**
North–South differences in the Korean language The Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and S ...
**
Pyongan dialect The Pyeongan dialect (), alternatively Northwestern Korean (), is the Korean dialect of the Northwestern Korean peninsula and neighboring parts of China. It has influenced the standard Korean of North Korea, but is not the primary influence of N ...
**
South Korean standard language The South Korean standard language or Pyojuneo () is the South Korean standard version of the Korean language. It is based on the Seoul dialect, although various words are borrowed from other regional dialects. It uses the Hangul alphabet, created ...
**
Zainichi Korean language Zainichi Korean is a variety of Korean as spoken by Zainichi Koreans (ethnic Korean citizens or residents of Japan). The speech is based on the southern dialects of Korean, as the majority of first-generation immigrants came from the southern ...


History of the Korean language The traditional periodization of Korean distinguishes: * Old Korean (, to 918), the earliest attested stage of the language, through to the fall of Unified Silla. Many authors include the few inscriptions from Silla in the Three Kingdoms period ...

*
Old Korean Old Korean () is the first historically documented stage of the Korean language, typified by the language of the Unified Silla period (668–935). The boundaries of Old Korean periodization remain in dispute. Some linguists classify the sparsely ...
*
Middle Korean Middle Korean is the period in the history of the Korean language succeeding Old Korean and yielding in 1600 to the Modern period. The boundary between the Old and Middle periods is traditionally identified with the establishment of Goryeo in 91 ...
*
Modern Korean Korean (South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Koreans, Korean descent. It is the official language, official and national language of both North Korea and So ...
**
Stele of Bongseon Honggyeongsa {{Infobox Korean name , img=Stele of BongseonHonggyeongsa temple in Cheonan, Korea.jpg, hangul=봉선홍경사사적갈비 , hanja=奉先弘慶寺事蹟碣碑 , rr=Bongseon Honggyeongsa Sajeok Galbi , mr=Pongsŏn Honggyŏngsa Sajŏk Kalbi The ...
**
Linguistic purism in Korean Linguistic purism in the Korean language is the belief that words of native Korean origin should be used in place of foreign-derived "loanwords". This belief has been the focus of movements in both North and South Korea, where adherents have sought ...


General

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
concepts

*
Korean count word The Korean language uses special measure or counting words for specific objects and events. These suffixes are called ''subullyusa'' () in Korean. They are similar to the ones employed in the Chinese and the Japanese languages. In English it is " ...
*
Korean dialects A number of Korean dialects are spoken on the Korean Peninsula. The peninsula is very mountainous and each dialect's "territory" corresponds closely to the natural boundaries between different geographical regions of Korea. Most of the dialects ...
*
Korean grammar This article is a description of the morphology, syntax, and semantics of Korean. For phonetics and phonology, see Korean phonology. See also Korean honorifics, which play a large role in the grammar. Note on romanization This article uses ...
*
Korean language and computers The writing system of the Korean language is a syllabic alphabet of character parts () organized into character blocks () representing syllables. The character parts cannot be written from left to right on the computer, as in many Western lan ...
*
Korean manual alphabet The Korean manual alphabet is used by the Deaf in South Korea who speak Korean Sign Language. It is a one-handed alphabet that mimics the shapes of the letters in Hangul, and is used when signing Korean as well as being integrated into KSL. Conso ...
*
Korean numerals The Korean language has two regularly used sets of numerals: a native Korean system and Sino-Korean system. The native Korean number system is used for general counting, like counting up to 99. It is also used to count people, hours, objects ...
* Korean postpositions * Korean profanity *
Korean pronouns Korean pronouns pose some difficulty to speakers of English due to their complexity. The Korean language makes extensive use of speech levels and honorifics in its grammar, and Korean pronouns also change depending on the social distinction betwe ...
*
Korean punctuation For the Korean language, South Korea mainly uses a combination of East Asian and European punctuation, while North Korea uses a little more of the East Asian punctuation style. Traditional Punctuation In the traditional Korean system of writin ...
*
Korean speech levels There are seven verb paradigms or speech levels in Korean, and each level has its own unique set of verb endings which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. Unlike honorifics – which are used to show respect towards some ...
*
Korean verbs Verbs in the Korean language come in last place in a clause. Verbs are the most complex part of speech, and a properly conjugated verb may stand on its own as a complete sentence. This article uses the Yale romanization in bold to show morphology ...
*
Korean phonology This article is a technical description of the phonetics and phonology of Korean. Unless otherwise noted, statements in this article refer to South Korean standard language based on the Seoul dialect. Morphophonemes are written inside doubl ...
* List of Korean placename etymologies *
Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...
*
Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, wh ...
*
Korean honorifics The Korean language has a system of honorifics that recognizes and reflects the hierarchical social status of participants with respect to the subject and/or the object and/or the audience. Speakers use honorifics to indicate their social rel ...


Korean dictionaries

*
Basic Korean Dictionary Basic Korean Dictionary () is an online learner's dictionary of the Korean language, launched on 5 October 2016 by the National Institute of Korean Language. It consists of one monolingual and ten bilingual dictionaries that provide meanings of K ...
*
Han-Han Dae Sajeon Han-Han Dae Sajeon is the generic term for Korean hanja-to-hangul dictionaries. There are several such dictionaries from different publishers. The most comprehensive one, published by Dankook University Publishing, contains 53,667 Chinese charact ...
*
Standard Korean Language Dictionary ''Standard Korean Language Dictionary'' () is a dictionary of the Korean language, published by the National Institute of Korean Language. History The compilation of Standard Korean Language Dictionary was commenced on 1 January 1992, by The ...


Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...

*
Cia-Cia language Cia-Cia (''Bahasa Ciacia'', ''바하사 찌아찌아'', ''بهاس چيا-چيا''), also known as Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeas ...
* Dongguk Jeongun *
Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...
*
Hangul Day The Korean Alphabet Day, known as Hangeul Day () in South Korea, and Chosŏn'gŭl Day () in North Korea, is a national Korean commemorative day marking the invention and proclamation of Hangul (), the Korean alphabet, by the 15th century Korea ...
* Hangul supremacy *
Hangul Syllables Hangul Syllables is a Unicode block containing precomposed Hangul syllable blocks for modern Korean. The syllables can be directly mapped by algorithm to sequences of two or three characters in the Hangul Jamo Unicode block: * one of U+1100–U+ ...
*
Hunminjeongeum ''Hunminjeong'eum'' () is a document describing an entirely new and native script for the Korean language. The script was initially named after the publication but later came to be known as hangul. Originally containing 28 characters, it was c ...
*
Hunminjeongeum Haerye ''Hunminjeongeum Haerye'' (Hanja: 訓民正音解例; literally: "Explanations and Examples of the Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People"), or simply ''Haerye'', is a commentary on the ''Hunminjeongeum'', the original promulgati ...
*
Hunminjeongeum Society The Hunminjeongeum Society, sometimes called the "Hunminjeongeum Research Institute" in English-language newspaper accounts, is a private organization in Seoul dedicated to the propagation of Hangul to all the unwritten languages of the world.
*
Korean calligraphy Korean calligraphy, also known as Seoye (), is the Korean tradition of artistic writing. Calligraphy in Korean culture involves both Hanja (Chinese logograph) and Hangul (Korean native alphabet). Early Korean calligraphy was exclusively in Ha ...
*
Korean Language Society The Korean Language Society is a society of hangul and Korean language research, founded in 1908 by Ju Sigyeong. Hangul Day was founded in 1926 during the Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese occupation of Korea by members of the Korean Language S ...
*
KS X 1001 KS X 1001, "''Code for Information Interchange (Hangul and Hanja)''", formerly called KS C 5601, is a South Korean coded character set standard to represent hangul and hanja characters on a computer. KS X 1001 is encoded by the most common leg ...
*
National Hangeul Museum The National Hangeul Museum () was established in 2014 in the Yongsan District of Seoul (South Korea) near the National Museum of Korea. Occupying over , it showcases the cultural and political context, linguistic structure and evolution of the Ko ...
* Origin of Hangul *
Hangul orthography ''Hangeul matchumbeop(한글맞춤법)'' refers to the overall rules of writing the Korean language with Hangul. The current orthography was issued and established by Korean Ministry of Culture in 1998. The first of it is Hunminjungeum(훈민정 ...
*
SKATS SKATS stands for Standard Korean Alphabet Transliteration System. It is also known as Korean Morse equivalents. Despite the name, SKATS is not a true transliteration system. SKATS maps the Hangul characters through Korean Morse code to the same co ...
*
Taiwanese Hangul Taiwanese Hangul (Hangul: ; ) is an orthography system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by Taiwanese linguist in 1987, it uses a modified Hangul alphabets to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by Ang ...
*
Unified Hangul Code Unified Hangul Code (UHC), or Extended Wansung, also known under Microsoft Windows as Code Page 949 (Windows-949, MS949 or ambiguously CP949), is the Microsoft Windows code page for the Korean language. It is an extension of Wansung Code (KS C ...
*
Yongbieocheonga ''Yongbieocheonga'', literally ''Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven'', was the first work written in Hangul. The book was published in 1447 and written by Jeong Inji (정인지, 鄭麟趾), An Ji (안지, 安止), and Kwon Jae (권제, 權踶). ...


Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
organizations

*
International Circle of Korean Linguistics The International Circle of Korean Linguistics is a scholarly organization dedicated to the promotion of awareness of, the dissemination of information about, and the facilitation of communication among those in the field of, Korean language and l ...
* International Ideographs Core *
King Sejong Institute King Sejong Institute () is the brand name of Korean-language institutes established by the South Korean government around the world since 2007. The institute's name refers to Sejong the Great, the inventor of the Korean alphabet. As of June 20 ...
*
Korean Cultural Center Korean Cultural Centers (Korean: 한국문화원, Hanja: 韓國文化院) are non-profit institutions aligned with the Government of South Korea that aim to promote Korean culture and facilitate cultural exchanges. History Starting from 2009, th ...


Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
media


Korean books

* The Art of Mathematics * Ddakjibon novels *
Domundaejak ''Domundaejak'' (hangul: 도문대작; hanja: 屠門大嚼) is a book of food criticism written by Heo Gyun in 1611. It is included in the '' Seongseobubugo'' (hangul: 성서부부고; hanja: 惺所覆覆藁) (a collection of 26 books and 12 volum ...
* Dongguk Jeongun *
Gyeongguk daejeon ''Gyeongguk daejeon'' (translated as the State Code or the National Code) is a complete code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relev ...
*
Haedong Goseungjeon {{Infobox Korean name, hangul=해동고승전, hanja={{linktext, 海, 東, 高, 僧, 傳, rr=Haedong goseungjeon, mr=Haedong kosŭngjŏn The ''Haedong Goseungjeon'' (translated most commonly as the "Lives of Eminent Korean Monks") was a compila ...
*
Muyesinbo The ''Muyesinbo'' (or ''Muyeshinbo'', meaning "new compendium of martial arts") is a Korean martial arts manual published in 1759.Ehwa University Press 2008, Sippalgi: Traditional Korean Martial Arts, Dr. B.K. Choi The book is a revision of th ...
*
Nongsa jikseol ''Nongsa jikseol'' (literally ''Straight Talk on Farming'') is a Korean agricultural book written by two civil ministers (''munsin''), Jeong Cho and Byeon Hyo-mun as ordered by Sejong the Great (r. 1418 - 1450) during the early period of Korea ...
*
Sarye pyeollam ''Sarye pyeollam'' is a kind of practical guide written by Korean scholar Yi Jae (李縡 1680–1746) of the Joseon Dynasty, which that records and describes important rites and ceremonies based on Neo-Confucianism. The title is translated into " ...
* The Scientists (book) *
Shouting out to the World! ''Shouting out to the World!: A Run for the Dream, BigBang's 13,140 Days Challenge'' is a book released by South Korean group Big Bang on January 28, 2009. The book is actually more a book about self-development than one that is of BigBang's autob ...
* Suunjapbang *
The Jehol Diary ''The Jehol Diary'' (''Yeolha Ilgi'') is the work of the Joseon dynasty silhak scholar Bak Jiwon, written in classical Chinese. Bak, also known by his pen name of Yeon'am (燕巖), made an extensive tour of what was then the northern territory o ...


Manhwa (; ) is the general Korean language, Korean term for comics and print cartoons. Outside Korea, the term usually refers to South Korea, South Korean comics. is greatly influenced by Japanese Manga comics. Modern Manhwa has extended its rea ...

*
Manhwa (; ) is the general Korean language, Korean term for comics and print cartoons. Outside Korea, the term usually refers to South Korea, South Korean comics. is greatly influenced by Japanese Manga comics. Modern Manhwa has extended its rea ...
* Ability (manhwa) *
Cartoon Street Cartoon Street ( ko, 카툰 거리), also known as Zaemiro ( ko, 재미로), or the "street of fun," is a street in the Jung District, Seoul, central part of Seoul, South Korea, which extends 450-meters from Myeong-dong Station to the Seoul Animat ...
*
Girls of the Wild's A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent. When a girl becomes an adult, she is accurately described as a ''woman''. However, the term ''girl'' is also used for other meanings, including ''young woman'',Dictionary.c ...
* Lezhin Comics * Seoul Animation Center * Treasure Hunting (series)


Korean encyclopedias

*
Doosan Encyclopedia ''Doosan Encyclopedia'' is a Korean language encyclopedia published by Doosan Donga (두산동아). The encyclopedia is based on the ''Dong-A Color Encyclopedia'' (동아원색세계대백과사전), which comprises 30 volumes and began to be p ...
*
The Encyclopaedia of Korea The ''Encyclopedia of Korea'' (), a part of the Australian National University, Open Research Library Digital Collections, is the first comprehensive English language encyclopedia of Korea. Sixty Korean studies, Koreanists worldwide contributed s ...
*
Encyclopedia of Korean Culture The ''Encyclopedia of Korean Culture'' is a Korean language encyclopedia published by the Academy of Korean Studies and DongBang Media Co. The articles in the encyclopedia are aimed at readers who want to learn about Korean culture and histor ...
*
Encyclopedia of Life The ''Encyclopedia of Life'' (''EOL'') is a free, online encyclopedia intended to document all of the 1.9 million living species known to science. It is compiled from existing trusted databases curated by experts and with the assistance of non ...
*
Global World Encyclopedia ''Global World Encyclopedia'' (Korean: ) is a Korean language encyclopedia which was published by Beomhan (범한, Publishing Company) in 2004. Nearly 1500 experts wrote around 138,000 articles about literature, history, science, culture, law, phil ...
*
Great Korean Encyclopedia The ''Great Korean Encyclopedia (조선 대백과 사전)'' is a 30-volume encyclopedia published in North Korea. It includes more than 100,000 Headword, lemmas, 25,000 visual aids and photos, and more than 5,200 biographical names. History The p ...
*
Gyuhap chongseo ''Gyuhap chongseo'' (roughly translated as "Women's Encyclopedia") is a compendium of advice for women, written by Yi Bingheogak in 1809 during the Korean Joseon Dynasty. Composition * ''Jusaui'' () : making ''jang'' (condiments), alcoholic beve ...
* Ichpedia *
Jibong yuseol ''Jibong yuseol'' ("Topical Discourses of Jibong") is a Korean encyclopedia written by Yi Su-gwang. It was published in 1614 during the reign of King Gwanghaegun. The author was a silhak scholar and a military officer of the mid-Joseon period o ...
*
Kwangmyong Encyclopedia The ''Kwangmyong Encyclopedia(광명백과사전)'' is a 20-volume encyclopedia published in North Korea. It includes more than 58,000 entries and 9,000 photos, pictures and maps. History The prep work for the encyclopedia began in 2004. The ency ...


Korean-language websites

*
Baidu Baike Baidu Baike (; , also known as Baidu Wiki) is a semi-regulated Chinese-language collaborative online encyclopedia owned by the Chinese technology company Baidu. The beta version was launched on April 20, 2006, and the official version was launc ...
*
DMOZ DMOZ (from ''directory.mozilla.org'', an earlier domain name, stylized in lowercase in its logo) was a multilingual open-content directory of World Wide Web links. The site and community who maintained it were also known as the Open Directory ...
*
DPRK Today DPRK Today ( ko, 조선의 오늘 / 朝鮮의 오늘) is a Chinese-based news site sponsored by the government of North Korea. It has gained notoriety for threatening nuclear attacks on neighbouring South Korea and for having published an article ...
*
Inform Napalm InformNapalm is a volunteer initiative to inform Ukrainian citizens and the foreign public about the Russo-Ukrainian War and the activities of the Russian special services as well as the militants of DPR, LPR, and Novorossiya. The team members ...
*
Korean Wikipedia The Korean Wikipedia () is the Korean language edition of Wikipedia. It was founded on 11 October 2002 and reached ten thousand articles on 4 June 2005. As of , it has articles with active users and is the largest Wikipedia. History The ...
*
Wikitravel Wikitravel is a web-based collaborative travel guide based on the wiki format and owned by Internet Brands. It was most active from 2003 through 2012, when most of its editing community left and brought their contributions to the nonprofit Wi ...


Persons influential in

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...


Koreanists

* Alexander Argüelles *
Charles K. Armstrong Charles King Armstrong (born February 11, 1962) is an American historian of North Korea. From 2005 to 2020, he worked as the Korea Foundation Professor of Korean Studies at Columbia University, spending his last year on sabbatical after the univer ...
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Robert Buswell Jr. Robert Evans Buswell Jr. is an American academic, author and scholar of Korean Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism as well as Korean religions in general. He is Distinguished Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles and ...
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Yang Hi Choe-Wall Yang Hi Choe-Wall (; born 1932) is a Korean Australian academic, writer and researcher specialising in Korean literature of Chosŏn period (1392–1910). She was Associate Professor in the Division of Pacific and Asian History, the Australian ...
* Mózes Csoma *
Martina Deuchler Martina Deuchler (born 1935 in Zurich) is a Swiss academic and author. She was a professor of Korean studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) from 1991 to 2001. Profile Martina Deuchler developed her interest in Korea by ...
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Carter Eckert Carter J. Eckert is an American academic and author and the Professor of Korean History at Harvard University. Early life and education Eckert was born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Lawrence University, where he studied Western ancient and med ...
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The Encyclopaedia of Korea The ''Encyclopedia of Korea'' (), a part of the Australian National University, Open Research Library Digital Collections, is the first comprehensive English language encyclopedia of Korea. Sixty Korean studies, Koreanists worldwide contributed s ...
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James Scarth Gale James S. Gale (February 19, 1863 – January 31, 1937; in modern Korean 제임스 스카스 게일, in old Sino-Korean characters 奇一 (기일)) was a Canadian Presbyterian missionary, educator and Bible translator in Korea. Early life Gale was ...
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Stephan Haggard Stephan Haggard is the Lawrence and Sallye Krause Professor of Korea-Pacific Studies at the School of Global Policy and Strategy and distinguished professor of political scientist specializing in comparative politics at the University of California ...
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James Hoare James Edward Hoare (born 1943) is a British academic and historian specialising in Korean and Chinese studies, and a career diplomat in the British Foreign Office. Academia Dr. Hoare is a graduate of London's School of Oriental and African Studie ...
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List of Russian Koreanists This list includes Russian academics who have studied the history of Korea and Russian-Korean relations. The authors of popular books and translators are not included. A Asmolov, Konstantin Valerianovich (b. 1968) *The system of organization and co ...
* Nikolai Kuehner *
Andrei Lankov Andrei Nikolaevich Lankov (russian: Андрей Николаевич Ланьков; born 26 July 1963) is a Russian scholar of Asia and a specialist in Korean studies and Director of Korea Risk Group, the parent company of NK News and NK Pro ...
* John Wilson Lewis *
Fred Lukoff Fred Lukoff ( ko, 프레드 루코프) (November 12, 1920 – August 13, 2000) was an American linguist who specialized in the study of the Korean language and was the first president of the International Association for Korean Language Educatio ...
* George M. McCune *
Robert M. Oppenheim Robert Matthew Oppenheim is an American scholar of Korean studies. He is a professor of Asian studies and anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin. Oppenheim majored in anthropology at Princeton University, graduating in 1991. He received ...
* Shimpei Cole Ota * Pak Noja *
James Palais James B. Palais (Korean: 제임스 팔레) (1934-2006) was an American historian, koreanologist, and writer. He served as Professor of Korean History at the University of Washington; and he was a key figure in establishing Korean studies in the Uni ...
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Keith Pratt Keith Leslie Pratt (born 27 January 1938) is a British academic, author, historian, Koreanist, Sinologist and professor emeritus in the Department of East Asian Studies at Durham University in the United Kingdom.University of Chicago Press author b ...
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Stephen Revere Stephen Revere is a Korean language expert, magazine editor, and social media marketer living in Seoul, South Korea. Stephen's social media marketing company Intercultural Communications is the first social media marketing company to service bilin ...
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Richard Rutt Cecil Richard Rutt CBE (27 August 192527 July 2011) was an English Roman Catholic priest and a former Anglican bishop. Rutt spent almost 20 years of his life serving as an Anglican missionary in South Korea, a country for which he developed a d ...
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Andre Schmid (academic) Andre H. Schmid is a Canadian academic, author and former Director of the Centre for the Study of Korea at the University of Toronto.University of Toronto, Munk School of Global Affairs Andre Schmid bio note/ref> Early life Schmid was awarded his ...
* William E. Skillend * Roger Tennant * Sem Vermeersch


Korean–English translators

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Brother Anthony Brother Anthony (born as Anthony Graham Teague 1942; Korean name An Sonjae (Hangul: 안선재)) is a translator, scholar, and member of the Taizé Community who has become a naturalized Korean citizen, and lives in Seoul. Life Brother Anthony o ...
* Choi Byong-hyon *
Heinz Insu Fenkl Heinz Insu Fenkl (born 1960) is an author, editor, translator, and folklorist. His autobiographical novel ''Memories of My Ghost Brother'' is widely taught at colleges and universities. He is also an expert on Asian American and Korean literature, i ...
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J. Martin Holman James Martin Holman, Jr. (born September 10, 1957 in Louisville, Kentucky) is a literary translator, professor, puppeteer, and puppet theater director. He did his graduate work in Japanese literature at the University of California, Berkeley. Hol ...
* Chi-young Kim *
Hae Jong Kim Hae Jong Kim (; 1935 – 2020) was a Korean-American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1992, who resigned as a bishop in 2005. Early life Kim was born in Seoul, Korea in 1935. During the Korean War he became a Christian. Then, ...
* James Kimbrell *
Deborah Smith (translator) Deborah Smith (born 15 December 1987) is a British translator of Korean fiction. She translated ''The Vegetarian'' by Korean author Han Kang, for which she and the author were co-winners of the Man Booker International Prize in 2016. After gr ...


Korean words and phrases

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List of English words of Korean origin This is a list of words of Korean origin which have entered into English usage. General Culture and martial arts Food Clothing Ideology and religion Other See also * Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin Re ...
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Aegyo () in Korean refers to a cute display of affection often expressed through a cute voice, changes to speech, facial expressions, or gestures. literally means behaving in a flirtatious, coquettish manner and it is commonly expected for both male a ...
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Ajumma Ajumma ( ko, 아줌마), sometimes spelled ajoomma, is a Korean word for a married, or middle-aged woman. It comes from the Korean word ''ajumeoni'' ( ko, 아주머니). Although it is sometimes translated "aunt An aunt is a woman who is a si ...
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Anju (food) ''Anju'' ( ) is a Korean term for food consumed with alcohol. It consists of a variety of foods, including both main dishes and side dishes. Consuming food with alcohol is a widespread practice in Korea, especially when the alcoholic beverage ...
* Bak Jiwon *
Bang (Korean) ''Bang'' is a romanization of the Korean word 방, meaning "room". In a traditional Korean house, a ''sarangbang'' (Hangul: 사랑방; Hanja: ) is the study or drawing room, for example. In modern Korea (especially in the South), the concept ...
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Bojagi A bojagi (, sometimes shortened to ) is a traditional Korean wrapping cloth. Bojagi are typically square and can be made from a variety of materials, though silk or ramie are common. Embroidered bojagi are known as subo, while patchwork or scrap b ...
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Bon-gwan Bon-gwan (or Bongwan) is the concept of clan in Korea, which is used to distinguish clans that happen to share the same family name (clan name). Since Korea has been traditionally a Confucian country, this clan system is similar to ancient Chinese ...
* Boseulachi *
Bureom In Korea, bureom () is a collection of various kinds of nuts such as peanuts, walnuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, and gingko nuts. It is popular and traditional to eat during the Daeboreum (literally: "Great Full Moon"), a Korean holiday that celebra ...
* Byeonsa *
Chaebol A chaebol (, ; ) is a large industrial South Korean conglomerate run and controlled by an individual or family. A chaebol often consists of multiple diversified affiliates, controlled by a person or group whose power over the group often exc ...
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Chemical elements in East Asian languages The names for chemical elements in East Asian languages, along with those for some chemical compounds (mostly organic), are among the newest words to enter the local vocabularies. Except for those metals well-known since antiquity, the names o ...
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Chinilpa ''Chinilpa'' ( ko, 친일파, lit. "pro-Japan faction") is a derogatory Korean language term that denotes ethnic Koreans who collaborated with Imperial Japan during the protectorate period of the Korean Empire from 1905 and its colonial rule in K ...
* Chumchurum *
Daeboreum Daeboreum (대보름; literally "Great Full Moon") is a Korean holiday that celebrates the first full moon of the new year of the lunar Korean calendar which is the Korean version of the First Full Moon Festival. This holiday is accompanied by m ...
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Dobok Dobok is the uniform worn by practitioners of Korean martial arts. ''Do'' means "way" and ''bok'' means "clothing." The dobok is came from the Japanese '' keikogi/dōgi'', used in Japanese martial arts, such as judo. The dobok comes in many co ...
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Dokkaebi Dokkaebi ( ko, 도깨비) are legendary creatures from Korean mythology and folklore. Dokkaebi, also known as "Korean goblins", are nature deities or spirits possessing extraordinary powers and abilities that are used to interact with humans, ...
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Eopsin Eopsin () is the goddess of the storage and wealth in Korean mythology and shamanism. She is one of the Gasin, or deities that protect the house. However, unlike other Gasin, who were believed to embody pots, paper, and other inanimate objects, E ...
* Etymology of the Korean currencies *
Gireogi appa A ''gireogi appa'' (Korean: 기러기 아빠, literally "goose dad") is a South Korean term that refers to a man who works in Korea while his wife and children stay in an English-speaking country such as the United States, Canada, the United Kin ...
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Gogok ''Gobeunok'' or ''Gogok'' are comma-shaped or curved beads and jewels that appeared from middle age of Mumun Period (1500 to 300 BC) through the Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC to 668 AD). The ''Gogok'' (곡옥; 曲玉) is posited by researchers ...
* Gongsandang *
Gosu Gosu (고수) is a Korean term used to refer to a highly skilled person. In computer gaming the term is usually used to refer to a person who dominated games like ''StarCraft'', ''Counter-Strike'', Tekken, ''Warcraft III'', ''Diablo II ''D ...
* Gungmindang *
Gwisin Gwisin ( ko, 귀신) are a type of spirit or ghost in Korean folklore. They are considered similar to a ''Yogoe'' ( ko, 요괴);, and ''Mamul'' ( ko, 마물); they are people who have died, not monsters or creatures such as Dokkaebi. According ...
* Gyeyang *
Han (cultural) ''Han'', or ''haan'', is a concept of an emotion, variously described as some form of grief or resentment, among others, that is said to be an essential element of Korean identity by some, and a modern post-colonial identity by others. Early dep ...
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Hanok A ''hanok'' () is a traditional Korean house. ''Hanok'' were first designed and built in the 14th century during the Joseon dynasty. Korean architecture considers the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought give ...
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Hell Joseon Hell Joseon, Hell Chosun or Hell Korea ( ko, 헬조선) is a satirical South Korean term that became popular around 2015. The term is used to criticize the socioeconomic situation in South Korea. The term first gained popularity among younger Kor ...
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Homi (tool) ''Homi'' ( ko, 호미), also known as a Korean hand plow, is a short-handled traditional farming tool used by Koreans. It is a farming tool that removes grasses from paddies and fields. It is also used when plowing a rice field, planting seeds, pl ...
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Hopae ''Hopae'' were identification tags carried by Koreans during the Joseon dynasty, recording the bearer's name, place of birth, status and residence.Grayson 2002: 108 The tags consists of the persons name, birthdate, and where they were born. The ' ...
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Hwabyeong ''Hwabyeong'' or ''Hwapyŏng'' (hangul: 화병, hanja: ) is a Korean somatization disorder, a mental illness which arises when people are unable to confront their anger as a result of conditions which they perceive to be unfair. Hwabyeong is kno ...
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Hwarang Hwarang, also known as Hwarang Corps, and Flowering Knights, were an elite warrior group of male youth in Silla, an ancient kingdom of the Korean Peninsula that lasted until the 10th century. There were educational institutions as well as social ...
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Hyeon Korea's provinces ('' Do''; hangul: 도; hanja: ) have been the primary administrative division of Korea since the mid Goryeo dynasty in the early 11th century, and were preceded by provincial-level divisions (''Ju'' and ''Mok'') dating back to U ...
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Hyeong The Korean terms hyeong, pumsae, poomsae and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern") are all used to refer to martial arts forms that are typically used in Korean martial arts such as Taekwondo and Tang Soo Do. * Hyeong is often romanized as ''hyu ...
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Inminban Inminban (; meaning "neighbourhood units" or "people's units") is a Neighbourhood Watch-like form of cooperative local organization in North Korea. No North Korean person exists outside the inminban system; everyone is a member. History The inminb ...
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Jaesusaeng Jaesusaeng () is a Korean term for high school students who decide to spend a year studying to re-take the College Scholastic Ability Test, hoping to get a higher score and enter the university of their choice. Attending university has a major impa ...
* Jinbodang *
Jjokbari ''Jjokbari'' ( ko, 쪽발이, borrowed into Japanese as ja, チョッパリ, '' romaji'' choppari) is a Korean language ethnic slur which may refer to Japanese citizens or people of Japanese ancestry. According to one survey, it was Korea's s ...
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Kkangpae ''Kkangpae'' (Korean: 깡패) is a romanization of the Korean for a 'gangster', 'thug', 'punk' or 'hoodlum', usually referring to members of unorganized street gangs. This is as opposed to mafiosos or members of organized crime gangs, which are kn ...
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Kkonminam ''Kkonminam'' (; ''kkot/n'' = flower, ''minam'' 남= handsome man) has been commonly used in South Korea since the late-1990s to refer to young men who are concerned with personal style and fashion. Although they are sometimes regarded as ...
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Manhwabang A is a type of café, originating from Japan, where people can read manga. People pay for the amount of time they stay in the café. Most manga cafés also offer internet access like and vice versa, making the two terms mostly interchangeable ...
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Minjung Minjung is a Korean word that combines the two hanja characters ''min'' () and ''jung'' (). ''Min'' is from ''inmin'' (), which may be translated as "the people", and ''jung'' is from ''daejung'' (), which may be translated as "the public". Thu ...
* Mogyoktang *
Mu (negative) The Japanese and Korean term ' () or Chinese (), meaning "not have; without", is a key word in Buddhism, especially Zen traditions. Etymology The Old Chinese * () is cognate with the Proto-Tibeto-Burman *''ma'', meaning "not". This reconstru ...
* Munjeon Bonpuri * Namhan * Namsan * Nodongdang * Nunchi *
Paiting ''Paiting!'' (, ) or ''Hwaiting!'' (, ) is a Korean word of support or encouragement. It is frequently used in sports or whenever a challenge such as a difficult test or unpleasant assignment is met. It derives from a Konglish borrowing of the Engl ...
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Pansori gosu ' () is a Korean genre of musical storytelling performed by a singer and a drummer. The term ''pansori'' is derived from the Korean words ''pan'' (Hangul: 판) and ''sori'' (Hangul: 소리), the latter of which means "sound." However, ''pan ...
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PC bang A PC bang (Korean: PC방; literally " PC room") is a type of LAN gaming center in South Korea, where patrons can play multiplayer computer games for an hourly fee. The typical cost for an hour of play ranges from 500 to 1500 KRW (approximately ...
* List of Korean placename etymologies *
Pyeong A ''pyeong'' (abbreviationpy) is a Korean unit of area and floorspace, equal to a square '' kan'' or 36square Korean feet. The ''ping'' and ''tsubo'' are its equivalent Taiwanese and Japanese units, similarly based on a square '' bu'' ( ja:步) ...
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Sampo generation Sampo Generation (, "Three giving-up generation") is a neologism in South Korea referring to a generation that gives up courtship, marriage, and having kids. Many of the young generation in South Korea have given up those three things because of ...
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Seonbi Seonbi or sŏnbi were scholars during the Goryeo and Joseon periods of Korea who served the public without a government position, choosing to pass up positions of wealth and power to lead lives of study and integrity. Those who chose to serve the ...
* Simgumdo * Sinmindang *
Socialtainer Socialtainer () is the Korean language term for an entertainer or celebrity who is invested in social issues. The word is used heavily in South Korean media, especially in newspapers, and show business. History The term has been defined as "cele ...
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Sogak Sogak is an abbreviation of ''pungsogeumak'', which means music that expresses people's emotions. It represent one of the two categories of the traditional Korean court music from Joseon Dynasty. It includes genres such as hyangak, dangak and s ...
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Sojunghwa Little China is a term referring to a politico-cultural ideology and phenomenon in which various Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese regimes identified themselves as "China" and regarded themselves to be legitimate successors to the Chinese civil ...
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Songun ''Songun'' is the " military-first" policy of North Korea, prioritizing the Korean People's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources. "Military-first" as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea, with "mili ...
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Ssireum ''Ssireum'' (Hangul: ) or Korean wrestling is a folk wrestling style and traditional national sport of Korea that began in the fourth century. In the modern form each contestant wears only a belt (satba) that wraps around the waist and the th ...
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Taegeuk ''Taegeuk'' (, ) is a Korean term cognate with the Chinese term ''Taiji'' ( Wade-Giles spelling: ''T'ai-chi''), meaning "supreme ultimate", although it can also be translated as "great polarity / duality". The symbol was chosen for the design ...
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Talchum ( t'alch'um) could be characterized as a Korean dance performed while wearing a mask, mimicry, miming, speaking, and even sometimes singing. Although the term is usually taken to mean all mask dance dramas by most Koreans, it is strictly speaki ...
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Ten thousand years In various East Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean as well as Vietnamese, the phrase "Wànsuì", "Banzai", "Manse", and "Vạn tuế", literally meaning "ten thousand years" is used to wish long life, and is typically translate ...
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Ttaemiri Ttaemiri (Korean: 때밀이) are the working staff who provide many services at the Jjimjilbang in South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Kor ...
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Tujeon Tujeon (, literally ''fighting tablets'') are the traditional playing cards of Korea used in the latter half of the Joseon dynasty. They are also known as tupae (, literally ''fighting cards''). Composition A deck typically contains forty, sixty ...
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Ulzzang ''Ulzzang'' ( ko, 얼짱, ), also spelled as ''eoljjang'' (), is a popular South Korean term literally meaning "best face" or "good-looking". A person desiring ''ulzzang'' status would gain popularity on the internet through entering contests wher ...


References


External links

Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
Korean language Korean ( South Korean: , ''hangugeo''; North Korean: , ''chosŏnmal'') is the native language for about 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the official and national language of both North Korea and South Korea (geographic ...
Korean language