Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
is a
landlocked sovereign country
A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined terr ...
located in the
Horn of Africa.
Ethiopia is bordered by
Eritrea to the north,
Sudan to the west,
South Sudan
South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the ...
to the south-west,
Kenya
)
, national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Nairobi
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Nairobi
...
to the south,
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
to the east and
Djibouti
Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
to the north-east. Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world and Africa's second-most populous nation. Ethiopia has yielded some of humanity's oldest traces, making the area important in the history of
human evolution
Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of '' Homo sapiens'' as a distinct species of the hominid family, which includes the great apes. This process involved the gradual development o ...
. Recent studies claim that the vicinity of present-day
Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...
was the point from which human beings migrated around the world. Ethiopian dynastic history traditionally began with the reign of Emperor
Menelik I
Menelik I ( Ge'ez: ምኒልክ) was the claimed first Emperor of Ethiopia. According to Kebra Nagast, a 14th-century national epic, in the 10th century BC he is said to have inaugurated the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia, so named because Meneli ...
in 1000 BC. The roots of the Ethiopian state are similarly deep, dating with unbroken continuity to at least the
Aksumite Empire
The Kingdom of Aksum ( gez, መንግሥተ አክሱም, ), also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. Based primarily in wh ...
(which adopted the name "Ethiopia" in the 4th century) and its predecessor state,
D`mt (with early 1st millennium BC roots). After a period of decentralized power in the 18th and early 19th centuries known as the
Zemene Mesafint
The Zemene Mesafint ( gez, ዘመነ መሳፍንት ''zamana masāfint'', modern: ''zemene mesāfint'', variously translated "Era of Judges," "Era of the Princes," "Age of Princes," etc.; named after the Book of Judges) was a period in Ethiop ...
("Era of the Judges/Princes"), the country was reunited in 1855 by Kassa Hailu, who became Emperor
Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history. Ethiopia's borders underwent significant territorial expansion to its modern borders for the rest of the century,
[B. Holcomb & S. Ibssa, ''The Invention of Ethiopia'' (Trenton, 1990) (page no?)][Jalata, ''Oromia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict'' (page no?)] especially by Emperor
Menelik II
, spoken = ; ''djānhoi'', lit. ''"O steemedroyal"''
, alternative = ; ''getochu'', lit. ''"Our master"'' (pl.)
Menelik II ( gez, ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ; horse name Abba Dagnew ( Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 ...
and
Ras Gobena '' Ras'' Gobena Dache ( am, ራስ ጎበና, om, Goobanaa Daaccee; 1821 – July 1889) was a military commander during Menelik II's reign. He is known for campaigning against Oromo territory to incorporate more lands into the Ethiopian Empire in t ...
, culminating in its victory over the Italians at the
Battle of Adwa
The Battle of Adwa (; ti, ውግእ ዓድዋ; , also spelled ''Adowa'') was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Ethiopian forces defeated the Italian invading force on Sunday 1 March 1896, near the town of Adwa. The de ...
in 1896 with the military leadership of
Ras Makonnen
Ras or RAS may refer to:
Arts and media
* RAS Records Real Authentic Sound, a reggae record label
* Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol, a south Tyrolese public broadcasting service
* Rás 1, an Icelandic radio station
* Rás 2, an Icelandic radio stati ...
, and ensuring its sovereignty and freedom from colonization.
It was occupied by
Benito Mussolini's
Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941, ending with its liberation by British Empire and Ethiopian Patriot forces. Its eastern border also changed in 1950 from the former
1908 Convention Line to the subsequent provisional administrative line.
General reference
* Pronunciation:
* Common English country name:
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
* Official English country name: The
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
* Common
endonym(s):
* Official endonym(s):
*
Adjectival(s):
Ethiopian
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of ...
*
Demonym(s):
*
Etymology
Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...
:
Name of Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the Er ...
*
International rankings of Ethiopia
*
ISO country codes
ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...
: ET, ETH, 231
*
ISO region codes
ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...
: See
ISO 3166-2:ET
*
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...
:
.et
.et is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Ethiopia. Registrars offer second- and third-level domains.
Ethio Telecom, the state-owned telecommunication services provider of Ethiopia, is the registry operator of the domain, and is suppo ...
Geography of Ethiopia
Geography of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. Ethiopia has a high central plateau that varies from above sea level ...
* Ethiopia is: a
landlocked country
A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins. There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 4 landlocked de facto states. Kazakhstan is the world's largest ...
* Location:
**
Eastern Hemisphere and
Northern Hemisphere
**
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
***
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
***
East Africa
****
Horn of Africa
**
Time zone
A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...
:
East Africa Time
East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. The time zone is three hours ahead of UTC ( UTC+03:00), which is the same as Moscow Time, Arabia Standard Time, Further-eastern European Time and Eastern European Summer Time.
A ...
(
UTC+03
UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...
)
**
Extreme points of Ethiopia
The extreme points of Ethiopia include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in Ethiopia; and the highest and the lowest elevations in the country.
Latitude and longitude
* Northernmost point:
*: ...
*** High:
Ras Dejen
Ras Dashen (Amharic: ራስ ዳሸን ''rās dāshn''), also known as Ras Dejen, is the highest mountain in Ethiopia and fourteenth highest peak in Africa. Located in the Simien Mountains National Park in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Regi ...
*** Low:
Denakil Depression
** Land boundaries: 5,328 km
:: 723 km
:: 883 km
:: 1,600 km
:: 912 km
:: 861 km
:: 349 km
:* Coastline: ''none''
*
Population of Ethiopia: 79,221,000 (July 2008) -
15th most populous country
*
* Area of Ethiopia: 1,104,300 km
2
*
Atlas of Ethiopia
Environment of Ethiopia
Environment of Ethiopia
*
Climate of Ethiopia
*
Environmental issues in Ethiopia
*
Ecoregions in Ethiopia
*
Renewable energy in Ethiopia
* Protected areas of Ethiopia
**
National parks of Ethiopia
National parks and other protected areas cover 17% of Ethiopia's land area.UNEP-WCMC (2022). Protected Area Profile for Ethiopia from the World Database of Protected Areas. Accessed 27 February 2022/ref> They include:
National parks
Proposed na ...
*
Wildlife of Ethiopia
The richness and variety of the wildlife of Ethiopia is dictated by the great diversity of terrain with wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation and settlement patterns. Ethiopia contains a vast highland complex of mountains and diss ...
** Fauna of Ethiopia
***
Birds of Ethiopia
***
Mammals of Ethiopia
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Ethiopia. There are 279 mammal species in Ethiopia, of which five are critically endangered, eight are endangered, twenty-seven are vulnerable, and twelve are near threatened.
The following tags are ...
Natural geographic features of Ethiopia
* Glaciers in Ethiopia: none
[The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in ]Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The sou ...
and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
). Se
Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.
/ref>
* Islands of Ethiopia
* Lakes of Ethiopia
This is a list of lakes of Ethiopia, located completely or partially within the country's borders.
Lakes
Lakes not confirmed with coordinates
* Lake Chelelektu
* Lake Gargori
* Lake Laitali
See also
* Rift Valley lakes
{{Ethiopia topic ...
* Mountains of Ethiopia
The following notable mountains and mountain ranges are completely or partially within the borders of Ethiopia:
__NOTOC__ A
Mount Abba Yared • Abul Kasim (mountain) • Mount Abuna Yosef • Mount Abuye Meda • Amba Alagi • Ale Bagu • ...
** Volcanoes in Ethiopia
* Rivers of Ethiopia
This is a list of streams and rivers in Ethiopia, arranged geographically by drainage basin. There is an alphabetic list at the end of this article.
Flowing into the Mediterranean
*''Nile (Egypt, Sudan)''
Atbarah River
*Mareb River (or ...
* World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia
Regions of Ethiopia
Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into ethno-linguistically based regional states ( Amharic: plural: ክልሎች ''kililoch''; singular: ክልል ''kilil''; Oromo: singular: ''Naannoo''; plural: ''Naannolee'') and chartered cities (Amharic: ...
Ecoregions of Ethiopia
List of ecoregions in Ethiopia
Administrative divisions of Ethiopia
Administrative divisions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is administratively divided into four levels: regions, zones, ''woredas'' (districts) and ''kebele'' (wards). The country comprises 11 regions and two city administrations under these regions, plenty of zones, woredas and neighbourhood ...
= Regions of Ethiopia
=
Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into ethno-linguistically based regional states ( Amharic: plural: ክልሎች ''kililoch''; singular: ክልል ''kilil''; Oromo: singular: ''Naannoo''; plural: ''Naannolee'') and chartered cities (Amharic: ...
* Afar
* Amhara
* Benishangul-Gumuz
Benishangul-Gumuz ( am, ቤንሻንጉል ጉሙዝ, Benšangul Gumuz) is a regional state in northwestern Ethiopia to the border of Sudan. It was previously known as Region 6. The region's capital is Assosa. Following the adoption of the 19 ...
* Gambela
* Harari
* Oromia
Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa.
It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Be ...
* Somali
*
* Tigray
= Zones of Ethiopia
=
Zones of Ethiopia
The regions of Ethiopia are administratively divided into 68 or more zones ( am, ዞን, ''zonə'').
= Municipalities of Ethiopia
=
* Capital of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...
* Cities of Ethiopia
Demography of Ethiopia
Demographics of Ethiopia
The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of inhabitants in Ethiopia, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the populati ...
Government and politics of Ethiopia
:
* Form of government: federal
Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to:
Politics
General
*Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies
*Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...
parliamentary
A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...
republic
* Capital of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...
* Elections in Ethiopia
* Political parties in Ethiopia
Branches of the government of Ethiopia
Government of Ethiopia
Executive branch of the government of Ethiopia
* Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
- President of Ethiopia
The President of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by The Prime Minister. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on ...
, Mulatu Teshome
Mulatu Teshome Wirtu ( om, Mulaatuu Tashoome Wirtuu; ; born 1957) is an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 2013 to 2018.
Biography
Mulatu was born in the town of Arjo in Welega Province. He was educated in China, rece ...
* Head of government
The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...
- Prime Minister of Ethiopia
The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and Chief Executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a Prime Minister as head of the government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The Pri ...
, Hailemariam Desalegn
Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( amh, ኃይለማሪያም ደሳለኝ ቦሼ; born 19 July 1965) is an Ethiopian politician who served as prime minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018. He also previously served as deputy prime minister and Minister ...
* Council of Ministers
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/ shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or nati ...
** Prime Minister of Ethiopia
The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and Chief Executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a Prime Minister as head of the government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The Pri ...
- Hailemariam Desalegn
Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( amh, ኃይለማሪያም ደሳለኝ ቦሼ; born 19 July 1965) is an Ethiopian politician who served as prime minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018. He also previously served as deputy prime minister and Minister ...
** Deputy Prime Ministers of Ethiopia - Debretsion Gebremichael
Debretsion Gebremichael ( ti, ደብረጽዮን ገብረሚካኤል, pronunciation: ) is an Ethiopian politician and current president of the Tigray Region and chairman of Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). His position as titular head ...
, Demeke Mekonnen
Demeke Mekonnen Hassen ( amh, ደመቀ መኮንን ሀሰን; born 27 September 1963) is an Ethiopian politician, serving as the deputy prime minister of Ethiopia, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and vice-president of the Prosperity Party. He ...
, Muktar Kedir
::# Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Tewodros Adhanom
::#Ministry of Defense
{{unsourced, date=February 2021
A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in state ...
- Siraj Fegesa
::#Ministry of Federal Affairs - Shiferaw Teklemariam
::#Ministry of Justice - Berhan Hailu
::#Ministry of Civil Service - Muktar Kedir
::# Ministry of Finance and Economic Development - Sufian Ahmed
::#Ministry of Agriculture
An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister ...
- Tefera Deribew
::#Ministry of Industry - Mekonnen Manyazewal
::#Ministry of Trade and Industry - Kebede Chane
::#Ministry of Science and Technology - Desse Dalke
::#Ministry of Transport
A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government ag ...
- Diriba Kuma
Diriba Kuma ( om, Dirribaa Kumaa; am, ድሪባ ኩማ) is an Ethiopian diplomat who was the 30th Mayor of Addis Ababa, who took office on 9 July 2013 until 16 July 2018. Diriba served as Minister of Transport before being elected as Mayor of Ad ...
::#Ministry of Communications and Information Technology - Debretsion Gebremichael
Debretsion Gebremichael ( ti, ደብረጽዮን ገብረሚካኤል, pronunciation: ) is an Ethiopian politician and current president of the Tigray Region and chairman of Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). His position as titular head ...
::#Ministry of Urban Development and Construction - Mekuria Haile
::#Ministry of Water and Energy - Alemayehu Tegenu
::#Ministry of Mines - Sinkinesh Ejigu
::#Ministry of Education - Demeke Mekonnen
Demeke Mekonnen Hassen ( amh, ደመቀ መኮንን ሀሰን; born 27 September 1963) is an Ethiopian politician, serving as the deputy prime minister of Ethiopia, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and vice-president of the Prosperity Party. He ...
::#Ministry of Health - Keseteberhan Admasu
::# Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs - Abdulfetah Abdulahi Hassen
::# Ministry of Culture and Tourism - Amin Abdulkadir
::#Ministry of Women, Youth and Children’s Affairs - Zenebu Tadesse
Legislative branch of the government of Ethiopia
* Federal Parliamentary Assembly
The Federal Parliamentary Assembly ( am, የፌዴራል ፓርላማ ምክር ቤት, Ye-Fēdēralawī Parilama Mikir Bēt) is Ethiopia's federal legislature. It consists of two chambers:
*The House of Federation (upper chamber)
*The House ...
( bicameral)
** Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...
: House of Federation
The House of Federation () is the upper house of the bicameral Federal Parliamentary Assembly, the parliament of Ethiopia. It has 112 members.
Each Nation, Nationality and People shall be represented in the House of the Federation by at least ...
** Lower house: House of People's Representatives
The House of Peoples' Representatives is the lower house of the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Located in the capital Addis Ababa, the House has 547 members. All are elected in theory for five-year term in single-seat constituencies. T ...
Judicial branch of the government of Ethiopia
Court system of Ethiopia
Foreign relations of Ethiopia
Foreign relations of Ethiopia
The foreign relations of Ethiopia refers to overall diplomatic relationship of Ethiopia. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs oversees foreign relations and diplomatic missions of the country.
Ethiopia is one of few early African countries admitted ...
* Diplomatic missions in Ethiopia
Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, p ...
* Diplomatic missions of Ethiopia
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia, excluding honorary consulates.
In July 2021, the Ethiopian government announced it will be closing at least 30 overseas missions. In 2022, Ethiopia reopened a few of its previously closed embassi ...
* Foreign aid to Ethiopia
International organization membership
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a member of:[
* ]African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States
The Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) is a group of countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that was created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. Formerly known as African, Caribbean and Pacific Group ...
(ACP)
* African Development Bank Group
The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, since September 2014. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies i ...
(AfDB)
* African Union (AU)
* African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID)
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
* Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...
(FAO)
* Group of 24
The Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, or The Group of 24 (G-24) was established in 1971 as a chapter of the Group of 77 in order to help coordinate the positions of developing countries on ...
(G24)
* Group of 77 (G77)
* Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is an eight-country trade bloc in Africa. It includes governments from the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes. It is headquartered in Djibouti.
Member states
;Horn of Af ...
(IGAD)
* International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
* International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
* International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...
(ICAO)
* International Criminal Police Organization
The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...
(Interpol)
* International Development Association (IDA)
* International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
* International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of ...
(IFC)
* International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
* International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...
(ILO)
* International Maritime Organization (IMO)
* International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...
(IMF)
* International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...
(IOC)
* International Organization for Migration
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers.
The IOM w ...
(IOM) (observer)
* International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Art ...
(ISO)
* International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
* International Telecommunication Union
The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...
(ITU)
* International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001.
It incorporates the principle set forth ...
(ITSO)
* International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC); german: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund (IGB), link=no; es, Confederación Sindical Internacional (CSI), link=no. is the world's largest trade union federation.
History
The federation w ...
(ITUC)
* Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
* Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against ...
(MIGA)
* Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
* Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...
(OPCW)
* Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that aris ...
(PCA)
* United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
(UN)
* United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...
(UNCTAD)
* (UNESCO)
* United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...
(UNHCR)
* United Nations Industrial Development Organization
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...
(UNIDO)
* United Nations Mission in Liberia
The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was a peacekeeping operation established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberia ...
(UNMIL)
* United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
(UNOCI)
* Universal Postal Union
The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...
(UPU)
* World Customs Organization
The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics su ...
(WCO)
* World Federation of Trade Unions
The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation o ...
(WFTU)
* World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...
(WHO)
* World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishi ...
(WIPO)
* World Meteorological Organization
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.
The WMO originated from the Intern ...
(WMO)
* World Tourism Organization
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...
(UNWTO)
* World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation
in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...
(WTO) (observer)
Law and order in Ethiopia
:
Law of Ethiopia
* Constitution of Ethiopia
The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (), also known as the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia, is the supreme law of Ethiopia. The constitution came into force on 21 August 1995 after it was drawn up by the Constituent Asse ...
* Human rights in Ethiopia
According to the U.S. Department of State's human rights report for 2004 and similar sources, the Ethiopian government's human rights "remained poor; although there were improvements, serious problems remained". The report listed numerous cases ...
** LGBT rights in Ethiopia
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Ethiopia face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is illegal in the country, with reports of high levels of discrimination ...
* Child marriage in Ethiopia
* Law enforcement in Ethiopia
Law enforcement in Ethiopia is dealt with by the Ethiopian Federal Police at federal level and by regional police commissions in the Regions of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) was established in 1995 to serve the public, to ensure the ...
Military of Ethiopia
:
Military of Ethiopia
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) ( am, የኢፌዲሪ መከላከያ ሠራዊት, Ye’īfēdērī mekelakeya šerawīt, lit=FDRE Defense Force) is the military force of Ethiopia. Civilian control of the military is carried out t ...
* Command
** Commander-in-chief:
*** Ministry of Defence of Ethiopia
* Forces
** Army of Ethiopia
** Navy of Ethiopia
** Air Force of Ethiopia
* Military history of Ethiopia
*
The military history of Ethiopia dates back to the foundation of early Ethiopian Kingdoms in 980 BC. Ethiopia has been involved many of the major conflicts in the horn of Africa, and was one of the few native African nations which remained ind ...
Local government in Ethiopia
Local government in Ethiopia
History of Ethiopia
History of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa, the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, includ ...
*Current events of Ethiopia
* Economic history of Ethiopia
* Military history of Ethiopia
*
The military history of Ethiopia dates back to the foundation of early Ethiopian Kingdoms in 980 BC. Ethiopia has been involved many of the major conflicts in the horn of Africa, and was one of the few native African nations which remained ind ...
Culture of Ethiopia
Culture of Ethiopia
The culture of Ethiopia is diverse and generally structured along ethnolinguistic lines. The country's Oromo-speaking majority adhere to an amalgamation of traditions that were developed independently and through interaction with neighboring and ...
* Architecture of Ethiopia
The architecture of Ethiopia varies greatly from region to region. Over the years, it has incorporated various architectural styles and techniques.
Dʿmt (c. 800-400 BC)
The best known building of the period in the region is the ruined 8th-centur ...
* Cuisine of Ethiopia
Ethiopian cuisine ( am, የኢትዮጵያ ምግብ "Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā məgəb") characteristically consists of vegetable and often very spicy meat dishes. This is usually in the form of '' wat,'' a thick stew, served on top of '' injera'' ...
** List of Ethiopian dishes
* Languages of Ethiopia
The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional languages, and a large number of minority languages, as well as foreign languages.
Overview
There are 92 individual languages indigenous to Ethiop ...
* Media in Ethiopia
* National symbols of Ethiopia
** Coat of arms of Ethiopia
** Flag of Ethiopia
** National anthem of Ethiopia
* People of Ethiopia
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts o ...
* Prostitution in Ethiopia
Prostitution in Ethiopia is legal, and widespread. Procuring (operating brothels, benefiting from prostitution, etc.) is illegal according to Article 634 of the Ethiopian Penal Code, as revised May 2005, however these laws are rarely enforced. Som ...
* Public holidays in Ethiopia
The following are public holidays (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ በዓል) in Ethiopia. Many holidays follow the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
National holiday
Religious holidays Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church holid ...
* Religion in Ethiopia
** Christianity in Ethiopia
Christianity in Ethiopia is the largest religion in the country, as 63% of the country, Islam follows behind. Christinaity in Ethiopia dates back to the early medieval Kingdom of Aksum, when the Ezana of Aksum, King Ezana first adopted the faith i ...
** Hinduism in Ethiopia
** Islam in Ethiopia
** Judaism in Ethiopia
* World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia
Art in Ethiopia
* Cinema of Ethiopia
The Cinema of Ethiopia and the film industry in general are relatively recent phenomena in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian film industry is growing but faces many problems that have prevented it from fully flourishing. Historically, live stage theater enjo ...
* Music of Ethiopia
Ethiopian music is a term that can mean any music of Ethiopian origin, however, often it is applied to a genre, a distinct modal system that is pentatonic, with characteristically long intervals between some notes.
The music of the Ethiopian Hig ...
Sports in Ethiopia
Sports in Ethiopia
* Football in Ethiopia
* Ethiopia at the Olympics
Economy and infrastructure of Ethiopia
Economy of Ethiopia
The economy of Ethiopia is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. The government of Ethiopia is in the process of privatizing many of the state-owned businesses and moving toward a market economy. The banking, telecommunica ...
* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 98th (ninety-eighth)
* Agriculture in Ethiopia
Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment.
Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradatio ...
** Coffee production in Ethiopia
Coffee production in Ethiopia is a longstanding tradition which dates back dozens of centuries. Ethiopia is where ''Coffea arabica'', the coffee plant, originates. The plant is now grown in various parts of the world; Ethiopia itself accounts for ...
** Fishing in Ethiopia
Ethiopia's fisheries are entirely freshwater, in its many lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, as it has no marine coastline. Fishing contributed less than 1 percent of the gross domestic product in 1987.Wubne, Mulatu. "Fishing". A Country Study: Ethiopi ...
** Forestry in Ethiopia
__NOTOC__
In the late nineteenth century, about 30% of Ethiopia was covered with forest. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% o ...
* Banking in Ethiopia
** National Bank of Ethiopia
The National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) is the central bank of Ethiopia. Its headquarters are in the capital city of Addis Ababa. Mamo Mihretu is the current governor of the bank.
The bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a m ...
* Communications in Ethiopia
Communication (from la, communicare, meaning "to share" or "to be in relation with") is usually defined as the transmission of information. The term may also refer to the message communicated through such transmissions or the field of inquir ...
** Internet in Ethiopia
* Land reform in Ethiopia
The problem of land reform in Ethiopia has hampered that country's economic development throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries. Attempts to modernize land ownership by giving title either to the peasants who till the soil, or to large-scale fa ...
* Companies of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa. According to the IMF, Ethiopia was one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, registering over 10% economic growth from 2004 through 2009. It was the fastest-growing non-oil-dependent A ...
* Currency of Ethiopia: Birr
** ISO 4217: ETB
* Energy in Ethiopia
Energy in Ethiopia is energy and electricity production, consumption, transport, exportation, and importation in Ethiopia.
Overview
The following table provides some of the most relevant energy sector numbers for Ethiopia, a developing country. ...
* Health care in Ethiopia
* Mining in Ethiopia
* Ethiopia Stock Exchange
*
Addis Ababa Stock Exchange
* Tourism in Ethiopia
Tourism in Ethiopia accounted for 5.5% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2006, having barely increased 2% over the previous year. The government is proving its commitment and willingness to develop tourism through a number of initiat ...
* Trade unions in Ethiopia The trade unions of Ethiopia have a total membership of approximately 300,000. Over 203,000 are members of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU).
Ethiopia has also ratified ILO conventions Forced Labour Convention, 1930, 29 (in 2003), ...
* Transport in Ethiopia
Transport in Ethiopia is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Over the last years, the Ethiopian federal authorities have significantly increased funding for rail and road construction to build an infrastructure, that allows ...
** Airports in Ethiopia
This is a list of airports in Ethiopia, grouped by type and sorted by location.
Transport in Ethiopia is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Airports
Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled servic ...
** Rail transport in Ethiopia
* Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia
Access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia is amongst the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire world. While access has increased substantially with funding from foreign aid, much still remains to be done. Some factors inhibiting t ...
Education in Ethiopia
* Education in Ethiopia
Education in Ethiopia was dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s. Prior to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated illiteracy rate below 50% and compared poorly with the rest ...
Health in Ethiopia
* Health in Ethiopia
Health in Ethiopia has improved markedly since the early 2000s, with government leadership playing a key role in mobilizing resources and ensuring that they are used effectively. A central feature of the sector is the priority given to the Healt ...
See also
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
*
*
*
*
* Index of Ethiopia-related articles
Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Ethiopia include:
__NOTOC__
0-9
* 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
* 2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden
* 2015 Ethiopian general election
* 2021 Ethiopian general election
* 1960 in Ethiopi ...
* List of Ethiopia-related topics
* List of international rankings
This is a list of international rankings.
By category
Agriculture
* List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities
*List of countries by apple production
* List of countries by apricot production
* List of countries by artichoke ...
* Member state of the United Nations
The United Nations member states are the sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization.
The criteria ...
* Outline of Africa
* Outline of geography
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:
Geography – study of earth and its people.
Nature of geography
Geography as
* an academic discipline – a body of knowledge given to − ...
References
External links
; Overview
Rural poverty in Ethiopia
(IFAD
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to addres ...
)
; Education
Addis Ababa University
Arba Minch University
Bahir Dar University
Debub University
Gondar University
Haramaya University
Jimma University
Mekelle University
; Health
* List of Hospitals in Ethiopia
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
; Tourism
*
Ethiopian Airlines
Ethiopian Hotels Guide
Ethiopian Tourism Commission
Ethiopian Tourism information
; Photos
; Government
Official Ethiopian News online
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia
Walta Information Center
Aiga Forum
; Independent Ethiopian Web sites
Ethiopian Community Association of Chicago
EthioTube - Broadcast Ethiopia
Addis Fortune
yebbo travel
Jimma Times
Capital Ethiopia
nazret.com
CyberEthiopia
Ethioindex
Ethiopian Discussion Forum
Made in Ethiopia
Ethio2k
Ethiofact
EthioStartPage
Ethiotrans
Ethiopian Millennium
Ethiopian Cult Information Center(ECIC)
addisalem.com
ethiospaces.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
Ethiopia