The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

() is a

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

in the east to the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

in the west and northward into the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

. It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares

land borders Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders ca ...

with the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

to the south and northwest, and marine borders with

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

and

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

on the east and northeast, respectively. The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of

aboriginal peoples Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...

. Beginning in the late 15th century,

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754� ...

. In 1867, with the union of three

British North America British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English overseas possessions, English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland (island), Newfound ...

n colonies through

Confederation A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...

, Canada was formed as a

federal Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...

dominion The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire. "Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 1926 ...

of four provinces. This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. Canada is a

federation A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governin ...

that is governed as a

parliamentary democracy A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...

and a

constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

with King

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to ...

as its head of state. It is a

bilingual Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers. It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. More than half of all E ...

and

multicultural The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use. In sociology and in everyday usage, it is a synonym for "Pluralism (political theory), ethnic pluralism", with the tw ...

country, with both

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

General reference

*Pronunciation * Common English country name:

* Official English country name:

* Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

* Official endonym:

* Adjectival:

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

( Fr. ''

canadien French Canadians (referred to as Canadiens mainly before the twentieth century; french: Canadiens français, ; feminine form: , ), or Franco-Canadians (french: Franco-Canadiens), refers to either an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to Fren ...

'') *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Canada *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: CA, CAN, 124 *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See ISO 3166-2:CA *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all t ...

.ca .ca is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Canada. The domain name registry that operates it is the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA). Registrants can register domains at the second level (e.g., ''example.ca'') ...

International rankings of Canada Canada ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education levels, gender equality, public services, public security and environmental sustainability. ...

Geography

Geography of Canada Canada has a vast geography that occupies much of the continent of North America, sharing a land border with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest. Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in th ...

* Canada is... ** a

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

*** a

nation state A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group. A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may inc ...

*** a

Commonwealth Realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state in the Commonwealth of Nations whose monarch and head of state is shared among the other realms. Each realm functions as an independent state, equal with the other realms and nations of the Commonwealt ...

*** a

* Location: **

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Politically, the term We ...

***

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

****

*****

Northern America Northern America is the northernmost subregion of North America. The boundaries may be drawn slightly differently. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America (including the Caribbean and Central America).Gonzalez, Joseph. 20 ...

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, Commerce, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between Country, countries and their Administrative division, subdivisions instead of ...

s (

Time in Canada Time in Canada, by regional law, is divided into six standard time zones covering the country's provinces and territories. Most regions operate on standard time from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March and daylight saving ...

): ***

Newfoundland Standard Time The Newfoundland Time Zone (NT) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting 3.5 hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC) during standard time, resulting in UTC−03:30; or subtracting 2.5 hours during daylight saving time. The cloc ...

( UTC-03:30), Newfoundland Daylight Time ( UTC-02:30) ***

Atlantic Standard Time The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC), resulting in UTC−04:00. AST is observed in parts of North America ...

( UTC-04),

Atlantic Daylight Time The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC), resulting in UTC−04:00. AST is observed in parts of North America ...

( UTC-03) ***

Eastern Standard Time The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 U.S. states, states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Panama, Colombia, mainland Ecuador, Peru, and ...

( UTC-05),

Eastern Daylight Time The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Panama, Colombia, mainland Ecuador, Peru, and a small por ...

( UTC-04) ***

Central Standard Time The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is six hours behind Coordinate ...

( UTC-06),

Central Daylight Time The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is six hours behind Coordinate ...

( UTC-05) ***

Mountain Standard Time The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) when standard time ( UTC−07:00) is in effect, and by subtracting six hours during daylight saving time ( UTC−06:00). The clo ...

( UTC-07),

Mountain Daylight Time The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) when standard time ( UTC−07:00) is in effect, and by subtracting six hours during daylight saving time ( UTC−06:00). The clo ...

( UTC-06) ***

Pacific Standard Time The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−08:00). ...

( UTC-08),

Pacific Daylight Time The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC−08:00) ...

( UTC-07) **

Extreme points of Canada The following lists include extreme and significant points of the geography of Canada. __TOC__ All Canada *Northernmost point — Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut *Southernmost point — South point of Middle Island, Ontar ...

*** North:

Cape Columbia Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada, located on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's northernmost point of land ...

Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' ...

- (83°08' N, 74°13'W) *** South: Middle Island,

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

- (41°41'N, 82°40'W) *** East:

Cape Spear Cape Spear (french: Cap d'Espoir) is a headland located on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland near St. John's in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. At a longitude of 52°37'W, it is the easternmost point in Canada and North ...

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

- (47°31'N, 52°37'W) *** West: Yukon-

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S., ...

border - (141°00'W) *** High:

Mount Logan Mount Logan () is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America after Denali. The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan, a Canadian geologist and founder of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). Mount ...

Yukon Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...

*** Low:

North Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

, and

North Pacific Ocean North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is ...

0 m ** Land boundaries: :: The total length of the land border between Canada and the United States is the longest between any two countries. :: (on

Hans Island Hans Island ( Inuktitut and kl, Tartupaluk, ; Inuktitut syllabics: ; da, Hans Ø; french: Île Hans) is an island in the very centre of the Kennedy Channel of Nares Strait in the high Arctic region, split between the Canadian territory of ...

) ** Coastline: The coastline of Canada is the longest in the world. The total length of the coast of Canada is more than five times as long as the

circumference In geometry, the circumference (from Latin ''circumferens'', meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. That is, the circumference would be the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to ...

of the

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

. *

Population of Canada Canada ranks 37th by population, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with over 39 million Canadians as of 2022. Being, however, the fourth-largest country by land area (second-largest by total area), the vast majority of the country ...

: 35,151,728 people (2016 Census) - 37th most populous country * Area of Canada: - 2nd most extensive country *

Atlas of Canada The Atlas of Canada (french: L'Atlas du Canada) is an online atlas published by Natural Resources Canada that has information on every city, town, village, and hamlet in Canada. It was originally a print atlas, with its first edition being publishe ...

Environment

image:Canada BMNG.png, An enlargeable satellite image of

Environment of Canada * Climate of Canada * Environmental issues in Canada **Fires in Canada * Ecoregions of Canada (disambiguation), Ecoregions in Canada * Renewable energy in Canada *

Geology of Canada The geology of Canada is a subject of regional geology and covers the country of Canada, which is the second-largest country in the world. Geologic units and processes are investigated on a large scale to reach a synthesized picture of the geolog ...

** Earthquakes in Canada * National parks of Canada *

Protected areas of Canada Protected areas of Canada consist of approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are considered conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. Approximately 13.8 percent of Canada's territorial wat ...

Wildlife of Canada The wildlife of Canada or biodiversity of Canada consist of over 80,000 classified species, with an equal number thought yet to be recognized. Known fauna and flora have been identified from five different kingdoms: protozoa (approximately 1% of ...

** Flora of Canada **

Fauna of Canada The fauna of Canada consist of approximately 200 mammal species, over 460 native bird species, 43 amphibian species, 43 reptile species, and 1,200 fish species. The biology survey of Canada cites that there are approximately 55,000 species of ins ...

***

Birds of Canada This is a list of bird species confirmed in Canada. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of ''Bird Checklists of the World'' as of July 2022. Of the 703 species listed here, 235 are accidental. Twelve species were introduced to North Ame ...

***

Mammals of Canada Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

Geographic features

* Canadian Arctic * Fjords of Canada * Glaciers of Canada * Islands of Canada *

Lakes of Canada This is a partial list of lakes of Canada. Canada has an extremely large number of lakes, with the number of lakes larger than three square kilometres being estimated at close to 31,752 by the Atlas of Canada. Of these, 561 lakes have a surface ar ...

Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...

Mountain peaks of Canada This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaksThis article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence, and a major summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence. All s ...

** The 100

Highest mountain peaks of Canada The following sortable table comprises the 150 highest mountain peaks of Canada with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit meas ...

** The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada ** The 100

Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada The following sortable table comprises the 150 topographic isolation, most topographically isolated Summit, mountain peaks of Canada with at least of topographic prominence.This article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least ...

Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, (french: Appalaches), are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They ...

Pacific Cordillera The North American Cordillera, sometimes also called the Western Cordillera of North America, the Western Cordillera or the Pacific Cordillera, is the North American portion of the American Cordillera, the mountain chain system (cordillera) alon ...

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico in ...

** Volcanoes of Canada * Prairies of Canada *

Rivers of Canada The list of rivers of Canada is organized by drainage basin and province. Canadian drainage basins The major Canadian drainage basins are the following: *Arctic Ocean *Pacific Ocean *Hudson Bay including James Bay and Ungava Bay *Atlantic Ocean ...

** Waterfalls of Canada * Valleys of Canada * World Heritage Sites in Canada * Other **

Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield (french: Bouclier canadien ), also called the Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the anc ...

** St. Lawrence Lowlands **

List of National Historic Sites of Canada National Historic Sites of Canada (french: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being ...

Regions

* Northern Canada (The North) *

Western Canada Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces, Canadian West or the Western provinces of Canada, and commonly known within Canada as the West, is a Canadian region that includes the four western provinces just north of the Canada� ...

Prairies Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the ...

Eastern Canada Eastern Canada (also the Eastern provinces or the East) is generally considered to be the region of Canada south of the Hudson Bay/Strait and east of Manitoba, consisting of the following provinces (from east to west): Newfoundland and Labrador, ...

Central Canada Central Canada (french: Centre du Canada, sometimes the Central provinces) is a region consisting of Canada's two largest and most populous provinces: Ontario and Quebec. Geographically, they are not at the centre of Canada but instead overlap w ...

Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (french: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising the provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec. The four provinces are New Brunswick, Newfoundlan ...

*** Maritimes

Other regions

English Canada Canada comprises that part of the population within Canada, whether of British origin or otherwise, that speaks English. The term ''English Canada'' can also be used for one of the following: #Describing all the provinces of Canada tha ...

, sometimes known as the ''Rest of Canada'' (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language *

French Canada French Canadians (referred to as Canadiens mainly before the twentieth century; french: Canadiens français, ; feminine form: , ), or Franco-Canadians (french: Franco-Canadiens), refers to either an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to Fre ...

Acadia Acadia (french: link=no, Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. During much of the 17th and early ...

* Quebec-Windsor Corridor

Ecoregions

Provinces and territories

Provinces and territories of Canada Within the geographical areas of Canada, the ten provinces and three territories are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North ...

Provinces

Notes: # Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the

Province of Canada The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British North America, British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867. Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham ...

. # Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada. # Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories. # Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories. # Prior to its entry in Confederation, Newfoundland had been a

Dominion The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire. "Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 1926 ...

within the British Commonwealth, but due to a financial crisis during the Depression had surrendered its right to self-government and was under direct British governance.

Territories

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government. Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

=Municipalities

= Municipalities of Canada * Cities of Canada **

Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...

of Canada:

Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...

Demography

Demography of Canada *

Canadians Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

Immigration to Canada According to the 2021 Canadian census, immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population. This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proport ...

Aboriginal peoples in Canada In Canada, Indigenous groups comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Although ''Indian'' is a term still commonly used in legal documents, the descriptors ''Indian'' and '' Eskimo'' have fallen into disuse in Canada, and most consider the ...

Demographics by political division

Provinces

Demographics of Alberta Alberta has experienced a relatively high rate of growth in recent years, due in large part to its economy. Between 2003 and 2004, the province saw high birthrates (on par with some larger provinces such as British Columbia), relatively high immi ...

Demographics of British Columbia Population of British Columbia 5.368 million (2022) Percentage of National Population: 13.2% (unchanged) Population Growth Rate: 5.6% Vital statistics 2020 Birth rate: 8.3 births per 1,000 (2021) (Canadian average = 9.9) Death rate: 8.3 de ...

Demographics of Vancouver The demographics of Metro Vancouver indicate a multicultural and multiracial region. Metro Vancouver is a metropolitan area, with its major urban centre being Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Vancouver census metropolitan area, as defi ...

(city) *

Demographics of Manitoba Manitoba is one of Canada's 10 provinces. It is the easternmost of the three Prairie provinces. Manitoba's capital and largest city (containing over half its population) is Winnipeg. Other important cities and towns include Brandon, Thompson, Da ...

Demographics of New Brunswick New Brunswick is one of Canada's three provinces of the Maritimes, and the only officially bilingual province (French and English) in the country. The provincial Department of Finance estimates that the province's population in 2006 was 729,997 of ...

* Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador *

Demographics of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia (Latin for ''New Scotland''; french: Nouvelle-Écosse; gd, Alba Nuadh) is a Canadian province located on Canada's southeastern coast. It is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada, and its capital, Halifax, is a major economi ...

Demographics of Ontario Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province by a large margin, accounting for nearly 40 per cent of all Canadians, and is the second-largest province in tota ...

** Demographics of Toronto (city) * Demographics of Prince Edward Island *

Demographics of Quebec The demographics of Quebec constitutes a complex and sensitive issue, especially as it relates to the National question. Quebec is the only province in Canada to feature a francophone (French-speaking) majority, and where anglophones (English-sp ...

** Demographic history of Quebec ** Demographics of Montreal (city) *

Demographics of Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the middle province of Canada's three Prairie Provinces. It has an area of 651,900 km² (251,700 mi²) and a population of 1,117,503 (''Saskatchewanians'') as of January 2014. Most of its population lives in the souther ...

Territories

* Demographics of Northwest Territories * Demographics of Nunavut * Demographics of the Yukon

Government and politics

Politics of Canada The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch is head of state. In pr ...

Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

and democratic

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

ary

of Canada:

Canadian and American politics compared Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

* Canadian and Australian politics compared *

Canadian Conservatism Conservatism in Canada is generally considered a movement which is primarily represented by the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada in List of federal political parties in Canada, federal party politics, as well as various centre-right poli ...

List of Canadian federal general elections This article provides a summary of results for Canadian general elections (where all seats are contested) to the House of Commons, the elected lower half of Canada's federal bicameral legislative body, the Parliament of Canada. The number of ...

* Canadian Nationalism *

Elections in Canada Canada holds elections for legislatures or governments in several jurisdictions: for the federal (national) government, provincial and territorial governments, and municipal governments. Elections are also held for self-governing First Nati ...

** Electoral ridings **

Electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and Referendum, referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political ...

** List of elections *

Federalism in Canada Canadian federalism () involves the current nature and historical development of the federal system in Canada. Canada is a federation with eleven components: the national Government of Canada and ten Provinces and territories of Canada, p ...

Human rights in Canada Human rights in Canada have come under increasing public attention and legal protection since World War II. Prior to that time, there were few legal protections for human rights. The protections which did exist focused on specific issues, rather t ...

Liberalism in Canada Liberalism has been a major trend in Canadian politics since the late 18th century. Canada has the same features of other liberal democracies in the Western democratic political tradition. This article gives an overview of liberalism in Canada. ...

Political culture of Canada The political culture of Canada is in some ways part of a greater North American and European political culture, which emphasizes constitutional law, freedom of religion, personal liberty, and regional autonomy; these ideas stem in various de ...

Political parties in Canada This article lists political parties in Canada. Federal parties In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite ha ...

* Political scandals of Canada *

Progressivism in Canada Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, techno ...

Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada Socialism in Canada has a long history and along with conservatism and liberalism is a political force in Canada. In its early days, Canada's socialist movement gained momentum in Western Canada. The Socialist Labor Party was formed in 1898 ...

Taxation in Canada Taxation in Canada is a prerogative shared between the federal government and the various provincial and territorial legislatures. Legislation Under the ''Constitution Act, 1867'', taxation powers are vested in the Parliament of Canada under s. ...

Branches of the government

Government of Canada The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown ...

Executive branch of the government

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

King of Canada The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state. It is at the core of Canada's constitutional Canadian federalism, federal structure and Westminster system, Westminster-style Parliamentar ...

Governor General of Canada The governor general of Canada (french: gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the . The is head of state of Canada and the 14 other Commonwealth realms, but resides in oldest and most populous realm, t ...

, the King's representative:

Mary Simon Mary Jeannie May Simon (in Inuktitut syllabics: ᒥᐊᓕ ᓴᐃᒪᓐ, iu, script=Latn, Ningiukudluk; born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian civil servant, diplomat, and former broadcaster who has served as the 30th governor general of Canada ...

***

King's Privy Council for Canada The 's Privy Council for Canada (french: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada),) during the reign of a queen. sometimes called Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal consultants to the ...

****

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

(

Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since 2 ...

) ****

Cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filing ...

( Twenty-Eighth Ministry) **** Ministries **** President of the King's Privy Council **** Privy Council Office **** Clerk of the Privy Council

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ...

Cabinet of Canada The Cabinet of Canada (french: Cabinet du Canada) is a body of Minister of the Crown, ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the ...

(

Majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats. ...

)

Legislative branch of the government

Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada (french: Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons. By constitutional convention, the ...

** The King **

Senate of Canada The Senate of Canada (french: region=CA, Sénat du Canada) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the House of Commons, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada. The Senate is modelled after the B ...

***

Speaker of the Senate of Canada The speaker of the Senate of Canada (french: président du Sénat du Canada) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada. The speaker represents the Senate at official functions, rules on questions of parliamentary procedure and parliamentar ...

House of Commons of Canada The House of Commons of Canada (french: Chambre des communes du Canada) is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada. The House of Common ...

***

Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada The speaker of the House of Commons (french: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament b ...

Judicial branch of the government

Court system of Canada The court system of Canada forms the country's judiciary, formally known as "The King on the Bench", which interprets the law and is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. Some of the courts ...

Supreme Court of Canada The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the Supreme court, highest court in the Court system of Canada, judicial system of Canada. It comprises List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, nine justices, wh ...

* Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories **

Alberta Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal of Alberta (frequently referred to as Alberta Court of Appeal or ABCA) is a Canadian appellate court. Jurisdiction and hierarchy within Canadian courts The court is the highest in Alberta, Canada. It hears appeals from the ...

British Columbia Court of Appeal The British Columbia Court of Appeal (BCCA) is the highest appellate court in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was established in 1910 following the 1907 Court of Appeal Act. The BCCA hears appeals from the Supreme Court of Britis ...

** Manitoba Court of Appeal **

New Brunswick Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal of New Brunswick (french: Cour d'appel du Nouveau-Brunswick) (frequently referred to as New Brunswick Court of Appeal or NBCA) is the appellate court in the province of New Brunswick. There are five Justices, one Chief Justice, ...

Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador The Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador is at the top of the hierarchy of courts for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Court of Appeal derives its powers and jurisdiction from the Court of Appeal Act. The independe ...

Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories The Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories in Canada is the highest appellate court which hears appeals from criminal cases and civil cases of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and justic ...

Nova Scotia Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal for Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia Court of Appeal or NSCA) is the highest appeal court in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. There are currently 8 judicial seats including one assigned to the Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. At any g ...

Nunavut Court of Appeal The Nunavut Court of Appeal (NUCA; , Inuinnaqtun: ''Nunavunmi Apiqhuidjutainut Uuktuffaarutit'', french: Cour d'appel du Nunavut) is the highest appellate court in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Its positions consist of ''ex officio'' justic ...

Court of Appeal for Ontario The Court of Appeal for Ontario (frequently referred to as the Ontario Court of Appeal or ONCA) is the appellate court for the province of Ontario, Canada. The seat of the court is Osgoode Hall in downtown Toronto, also the seat of the Law Societ ...

Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island The Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island (also known as the Prince Edward Island Court of Appeal, and as PECA in legal abbreviation) is the appellate court for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and thus the senior provincial court b ...

Quebec Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal of Quebec (sometimes referred to as Quebec Court of Appeal or QCA) (in French: ''la Cour d'appel du Québec'') is the highest judicial court in Quebec, Canada. It hears cases in Quebec City and Montreal. History The Court wa ...

Saskatchewan Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan (SKCA) is a Canadian appellate court. Jurisdiction and structure The Saskatchewan Court of Appeal is the highest court in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. There are 8 official judicial positions, inc ...

Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory The Court of Appeal of Yukon (french: Cour d'appel du Yukon, links=no) is the highest appellate court for Yukon. It hears appeals of both criminal and civil cases from the Supreme Court of Yukon and Yukon Territorial Court. The Court of Appeal si ...

* Superior-level trial courts of the provinces and territories **

Court of King's Bench of Alberta The Court of King's Bench of Alberta (abbreviated in citations as ABKB or Alta. K.B.) is the superior court of the Canadian province of Alberta. Until 2022, it was named Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta. The Court of Queen's Bench in Calgary ...

Supreme Court of British Columbia Supreme may refer to: Entertainment * Supreme (character), a comic book superhero * ''Supreme'' (film), a 2016 Telugu film * Supreme (producer), hip-hop record producer * "Supreme" (song), a 2000 song by Robbie Williams * The Supremes, Motown-e ...

Court of King's Bench of Manitoba The Court of King's Bench of Manitoba (french: Cour du Banc du Roi du Manitoba)—or the Court of Queen’s Bench of Manitoba, depending on the monarch—is the superior court of the Canadian province of Manitoba. The court is divided into two d ...

Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick The Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick (in French: ''Cour du Banc du Roi du Nouveau-Brunswick'') is the superior trial court of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Structure The Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick consists of a ...

Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador The Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador is the superior court for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals in both criminal and civil matters from the Provincial Court and design ...

** Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories **

Supreme Court of Nova Scotia The Nova Scotia Supreme Court is a superior court in the province of Nova Scotia. The Supreme Court consists of 25 judicial seats including the position of Chief Justice and Associate Chief Justice. At any given time there may be one or more addit ...

Nunavut Court of Justice The Nunavut Court of Justice (NUCJ; , ''Nunavuumi Iqkaqtuijikkut''; Inuinnaqtun: ''Nunavunmi Maligaliuqtiit'', french: Cour de justice du Nunavut) is the superior court and territorial court of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is administe ...

** Ontario Superior Court of Justice **

Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island The Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island (also called the Prince Edward Island Supreme Court, or PESC) is the superior court of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. The Court is composed of five judges, led by its Chief Justice, curre ...

** Quebec Superior Court **

Court of King's Bench for Saskatchewan The Court of King's Bench for Saskatchewan (Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan during the reign of female monarchs) is the superior trial court for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Structure and organization The Court consists of 29 ...

** Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory

Foreign relations

Foreign relations of Canada The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's foreign policy b ...

Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation (french: Confédération canadienne, link=no) was the process by which three British North American provinces, the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, were united into one federation called the Canada, Dom ...

* Australia–Canada relations * Canada–Caribbean relations ** Barbados–Canada relations ** Canada–Cuba relations ** Canada–Grenada relations ** Canada–Haiti relations **

Canada–Jamaica relations Canada–Jamaica relations are foreign relations between Canada and Jamaica. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962. Since March 4, 1963, Canada has a high commission in Kingston. Jamaica has a high commission in Ottawa. Bot ...

Canada–Croatia relations The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's foreign policy b ...

* Canada–Cyprus relations * Canada–Czech Republic relations * Canada–Denmark relations * Canada–Egypt relations * Canada–Estonia relations * Canada–Ethiopia relations *

Canada–Finland relations Canadian-Finnish relations are foreign relations between Canada and Finland. Diplomatic relations between them were established on November 21, 1947. Canada has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Ottawa. There are over 143,000 C ...

Canada–France relations The diplomatic relations between Canada and the French Republic are friendly, the importance of which centres on the history of French immigration to Canada. Canadians of French heritage make up the majority of native speakers of French in Canad ...

* Canada–Georgia relations *

Canada–Germany relations Canada and the Federal Republic of Germany have positive relations, as they are close allies and fellow NATO and G7 members. History Before 1776 The earliest contact between Germany and Canada occurred in New France, the area of North Americ ...

* Canada–Greece relations * Canada–Holy See relations * Canada–Hungary relations *

Canada–Iceland relations Canada – Iceland relations are the international relations between Canada and Iceland. Both nations are members of the Arctic Council, NATO, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Trade Organization. History Relati ...

Canada–India relations Canada–India relations also referred to as Indo-Canadian relations, are the bilateral relations between Canada and India. According to the Canadian Government, these relations are built upon a "mutual commitment to democracy", " pluralism", and ...

* Canada–Indonesia relations * Canada–Ireland relations *

Canada–Israel relations Canada–Israel relations refer to the bilateral diplomatic, commercial, and cultural ties between Canada and the Israel, State of Israel. Canada International recognition of Israel, recognised Israel on 11 May 1949, three day before the first anni ...

* Canada–Italy relations *

Canada–Japan relations Canada and Japan have an amicable companionship in many areas. Diplomatic relations between both countries officially began in 1928 with the opening of the Japanese consulate in Ottawa. In 1929, Canada opened its Tokyo legation, the first in As ...

Canada–Kazakhstan relations Canada–Kazakhstan relations are foreign relations between Canada and Kazakhstan. The countries established diplomatic relations with each other in 1992. Canada has an embassy in Astana. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate in To ...

* Canada–Kenya relations *

Canada–Kosovo relations The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's foreign policy b ...

* Canada-Latin America relations ** Brazilian–Canadian relations ** Canada–Chile relations **

Canada–Colombia relations Canada–Colombia relations are foreign relations between Canada and the Republic of Colombia. Full direct diplomatic relations were established in 1953, with the exchange of the first ambassadors. Canada has an embassy in Bogotá. Colombia has ...

** Canada–Panama relations ** Canada–Paraguay relations **

Canada–Peru relations Canada–Peru relations refers to the current and historical relations between Canada and the Republic of Peru. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Cairns Group, Lima Group, Organization of American States and the ...

** Canada–Uruguay relations ** Canada–Venezuela relations * Canada–Mexico relations * Canada–Latvia relations *

Canada–Lebanon relations Canada–Lebanon relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Canada and Lebanon. Canada is home to one of the largest Lebanese diaspora communities. Both nations are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Un ...

* Canada–Lithuania relations *

Canada–Luxembourg relations The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's foreign policy b ...

* Canada–Malaysia relations * Canada–Malta relations *

Canada–Mongolia relations Canada–Mongolia relations are foreign relations between Canada and Mongolia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 30, 1973. Canada has been represented in Mongolia through an embassy since 2008. Mongolia has an embassy i ...

* Canada–Montenegro relations * Canada–Morocco relations *

Canada–Netherlands relations Canada and the Netherlands have a special relationship resulting from actions during World War II when Canadian forces led the liberation of the Netherlands and hosted the Dutch Royal Family in exile. The special relationship is still visible tod ...

Canada–New Zealand relations Canada–New Zealand relations are the international relations between Canada and New Zealand. Canada and New Zealand have a longstanding relationship that has been fostered by both countries' shared history and culture, and links between resident ...

* Canada–Nigeria relations * Canada–Norway relations *

Canada–Pakistan relations Canada and Pakistan established diplomatic relations in 1947. Canada is primarily represented in Pakistan by a high commission in Islamabad while maintaining consulates in Lahore and Karachi, as well as a trade office in the latter city. Pakist ...

* Canada–People's Republic of China relations * Canada–Philippines relations *

Canada–Poland relations Canada–Poland relations are foreign relations between Canada and Poland. Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the World ...

* Canada–Romania relations *

Canada–Russia relations Canada–Russia relations (russian: Российско-канадские отношения) are the bilateral relations between Canada and Russia, the world's two largest countries in terms of area. As vast northern countries, Canada and Russi ...

Canada–Saudi Arabia relations Canada and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia share robust economic ties; Saudi Arabia represents Canada's second largest trading partner in the Middle East, a relation that was bolstered in February 2014 with the purchase of C$15 billion worth of Cana ...

* Canada–Serbia relations *

Canada–Singapore relations Canada–Singapore relations refers to the current and historical relations between Canada and the Republic of Singapore. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. History ...

* Canada–Slovakia relations * Canada–Slovenia relations * Canada–South Korea relations *

Canada–Soviet Union relations Canada–Soviet Union relations were the bilateral relations between Canada and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union). Diplomatic history Early phase Early Canada-Soviet relations proved to be tumultuous. Canada had pa ...

Canada–Spain relations Canada–Spain relations are the diplomatic relations between Canada and the Kingdom of Spain. Both nations are mutual members of NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations. Historical relations I ...

* Canada–Sweden relations * Canada–Switzerland relations * Canada–Thailand relations *

Canada–Tunisia relations Canada-Tunisia relations are foreign relations between Canada and Tunisia. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957. At first, the Tunisian government tried to establish relations and get help from both Canadian government and Queb ...

Canada–Turkey relations Canadian–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Canada and Turkey. Both countries are members of the G20, NATO, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nation ...

Canada–Ukraine relations Canada–Ukraine relations are the bilateral ties between Canada and Ukraine. Formal relations Diplomatic relations were established between Canada and Ukraine on December 2, 1991. Canada was the first western nation -and second country after ...

* Canada–United Kingdom relations * Canada – United States relations *

Canada–Vietnam relations Canada–Vietnam relations refer to bilateral relations between Canada and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the United Nations. ...

* Canada–Zimbabwe relations

International organization membership

Canada is a member of: *

African Development Bank Group The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, since September 2014. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies i ...

(AfDB) (nonregional member) * African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID) *

Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle ...

Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The bank also maintains 31 field office ...

(ADB) (nonregional member) *

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC ) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economy, economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region.

(APEC) *

Association of Caribbean States The Association of Caribbean States (ACS; es, Asociación de Estados del Caribe; french: Association des États de la Caraïbe) is an advisory association of nations centered on the Caribbean Basin. It was formed with the aim of promoting cons ...

(ACS) (observer and partner) *

Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN ( , ), officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, militar ...

(ASEAN) (dialogue partner) * Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF) *

Australia Group The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to i ...

Bank for International Settlements The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks that "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks". The BIS carries out its work thr ...

(BIS) *

Caribbean Development Bank The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is a financial institution that helps Caribbean nations finance social and economic programs in its member countries. CDB was established by an Agreement signed on October 18, 1969, in Kingston, Jamaica, and ent ...

(CDB) *

Caribbean Postal Union The Caribbean Postal Union (CPU) is an association of the postal authorities of the following member countries: : Anguilla (Anguilla Postal Service) : Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua Post Office) : Aruba (Post Aruba) : Bahamas (Bahamas Postal Ser ...

(CPU) *

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

(CE) (observer) *

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a post–Cold War, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) institution. The EAPC is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and Central Asi ...

(EAPC) *

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...

(EBRD) *

European Space Agency , owners = , headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France , coordinates = , spaceport = Guiana Space Centre , seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png , seal_size = 130px , image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...

(ESA) (cooperating state) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) *

Group of Seven The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member". It is official ...

(G7) *

Group of Eight The Group of Eight (G8) was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. It had formed from incorporating Russia into the Group of Seven, or G7, and returned to its previous name after Russia left in 2014. The forum originate ...

(G8) * Group of Ten (G10) *

Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation ...

(G20) *

Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America, and serving as the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribb ...

(IADB) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) *

International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: ''Chambre de commerce internationale'') is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its over 45 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every s ...

(ICC) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sc ...

(ICAO) *

International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals ...

(ICCt) *

International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

(Interpol) *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Energy Agency The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the entire global energy sector, with a recent focus on curbing carb ...

(IEA) * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *

International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of t ...

(IFC) * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) *

International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography. , the IHO comprised 98 Member States. A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters a ...

(IHO) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) *

International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...

(IMO) *

International Mobile Satellite Organization The International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites. Some of these services concern: ...

(IMSO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Migration The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. The IOM was ...

(IOM) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Ar ...

(ISO) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) *International Telecommunication Union (ITU) *International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) *International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) *Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) *Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest) *North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) *North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) *Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) *Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) *''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' (OIF) *Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) *Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) *Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *Organization of American States (OAS) *Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (observer) *Paris Club *ParlAmericas *Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) (partner) *Postal Union of the Americas, Spain and Portugal *Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) *United Nations (UN) *United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) *United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) *United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) *United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) *United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) *United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) *United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) *United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) *United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) *United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) *Universal Postal Union (UPU) *World Confederation of Labour (WCL) *World Customs Organization (WCO) *World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) *World Health Organization (WHO) *World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) *World Meteorological Organization (WMO) *World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) *World Trade Organization (WTO) *Zangger Committee (ZC)

Legal system

Law of Canada * Canadian Aboriginal law * Canada Bank Act * Canadian Bill of Rights * Canadian competition law * Constitution of Canada * Canadian content * Canadian contract law * Canadian copyright law * Canadian corporation * Crime in Canada * Canadian family law * Criminal law of Canada ** Criminal Code (Canada), Criminal Code * Law enforcement in Canada ** List of law enforcement agencies in Canada

Military

Military of Canada * Canadian Forces#Command structure, Command structure ** Commander-in-chief:

(nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces) **

(de facto Commander-in-chief) *** Minister of National Defence (Canada), Minister of National Defence **** Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada), Chief of the Defence Staff ***** Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), command of the Navy; ***** Canadian Army (CA) command of the Army; ***** Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), command of the Air Force. ***** Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC), responsible for all operations except special forces; ***** Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad. * Canadian Forces ** Army: Canadian Army ** Navy: Royal Canadian Navy ** Air force: Royal Canadian Air Force ** Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command ** Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force *** Canadian Forces Primary Reserve *** Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve *** Canadian Rangers *** Cadet Instructors Cadre *Canadian Coast Guard

Provincial governments

* Government of Alberta * Government of British Columbia ** Vancouver#Government, Government of Vancouver (city) * Government of Manitoba ** Legislative Assembly of Manitoba ** Monarchy in Manitoba * Government of New Brunswick * Government of Newfoundland and Labrador * Government of Nova Scotia * Government of Ontario ** City of Toronto government (city) * Government of Prince Edward Island * Government of Quebec ** Montreal#Government, Government of Montreal (city) * Government of Saskatchewan

Territory governments

* Northwest Territories#Government, Government of the Northwest Territories * Nunavut#Government and politics, Government of Nunavut * Yukon#Government, Government of the Yukon

Politics by political division

Provinces

* Politics of Alberta ** Calgary#Government, Politics of Calgary (city) * Politics of British Columbia ** Government and politics of Vancouver, Politics of Vancouver (city) * Politics of Manitoba * Politics of New Brunswick * Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador * Politics of Nova Scotia * Politics of Ontario ** Ottawa#Government & politics, Politics of Ottawa ** Politics of Toronto (city) * Politics of Prince Edward Island * Politics of Quebec * Politics of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Politics of Northwest Territories * Politics of Nunavut * Yukon#Politics, Politics of the Yukon

History

* Former Colonies and Territories in Canada * Constitutional history of Canada * History of immigration to Canada * Economic history of Canada * Fires in Canada * Military history of Canada * History of monarchy in Canada * Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Persons of National Historic Significance * Territorial evolution of Canada (1867–present)

History of Canada by period

*Aboriginal peoples in Canada#History, Pre-Columbian era (Canada) * New France, 1534–1763: New France * Canada under British Imperial Control (1764-1867), 1764-1867: Canada under British Imperial Control * Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914), 1867-1914: Post-Confederation Canada * Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years, 1914-1945: Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years * History of Canada (1945-1960), 1945-1960 * History of Canada (1960-1981), 1960-1981 * History of Canada (1982-1992), 1982-1992 * History of Canada (1992-present), 1992–present

History of Canada by political division

Provinces

* History of Alberta * History of British Columbia ** History of Vancouver (city) * History of Manitoba * History of New Brunswick * History of Newfoundland and Labrador * History of Nova Scotia * History of Ontario ** History of Toronto (city) * History of Prince Edward Island * History of Quebec ** Demographic history of Quebec ** History of Montreal (city) * History of Saskatchewan

Territories

* History of Nunavut * History of Northwest Territories, History of the Northwest Territories * History of the Yukon

Culture

Culture of Canada * Age and internet use in Canada * Alcoholic beverages in Canada * Architecture of Canada ** Gothic Revival architecture in Canada ** List of oldest buildings in Canada, Oldest buildings in Canada * Cuisine of Canada ** List of supermarket chains in Canada, Supermarket Chains in Canada * Canadian order of precedence (decorations and medals), Decorations and medals of Canada (in order of precedence) * Festivals in Canada * Canadian humour, Humour in Canada * Languages of Canada ** Canadian Aboriginal syllabics ** Official bilingualism in Canada ** Canadian English ** Canadian French * Media in Canada * Symbols of Canada ** National symbols of Canada *** Coat of arms of Canada *** Flag of Canada *** O Canada, National anthem of Canada ** Canadian royal symbols, Royal symbols of Canada *

** Canadian identity *** Canadian nationalism *** Canadian cultural protectionism ** Ethnic groups in Canada *** History of immigration to Canada * Prostitution in Canada * Public holidays in Canada * List of World Heritage Sites in Canada, World Heritage Sites in Canada

Culture by political division

Provinces

* Culture of Alberta * Culture of British Columbia ** Vancouver#Culture, Culture of Vancouver (city) * Manitoba#Culture, Culture of Manitoba * New Brunswick#Culture, Culture of New Brunswick * Nova Scotia#Culture, Culture of Nova Scotia * Culture of Ontario ** Culture of Hamilton, Ontario (city) ** Culture in Toronto, Culture of Toronto (city) * Prince Edward Island#Culture, Culture of Prince Edward Island * Culture of Quebec ** Culture of Montreal (city) * Culture of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Culture of Northwest Territories * Culture of Nunavut * Culture of Yukon, Culture of the Yukon

Art in Canada

* Art in Canada **List of Canadian artists, Canadian Artists ** List of museums in Alberta, Museums in Alberta ** List of museums in British Columbia, Museums in British Columbia ** List of museums in Manitoba, Museums in Manitoba ** List of museums in New Brunswick, Museums in New Brunswick ** List of museums in Newfoundland and Labrador, Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador ** List of museums in Ontario, Museums in Ontario ** List of museums in Quebec, Museums in Quebec ** List of museums in Saskatchewan, Museums in Saskatchewan * Cinema of Canada ** Canadian Film Awards * Canadian comics ** Central Canada Comic Con * Literature of Canada ** List of Canadian writers, Canadian writers * Television in Canada * Theatre of Canada ** List of Canadian playwrights, Canadian playwrights

Music

Music of Canada * Canadian blues * Canadian classical music * Canadian hip hop * Canadian Idol * Canadian rock * Caribbean music in Canada * Music of Canadian cultures

=Music by political division

Provinces

* Music of Alberta * Music of British Columbia ** Music of Vancouver (city) * Music of Manitoba * Music of New Brunswick * Music of Newfoundland and Labrador * Music of Nova Scotia * Music of Ontario ** Music of Toronto (city) * Music of Prince Edward Island * Music of Quebec ** Music of Montreal (city) * Music of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Music of Northwest Territories * Music of Nunavut * Music of Yukon, Music of the Yukon

Religion in Canada

* Religion in Canada ** Buddhism in Canada ** Christianity in Canada *** Roman Catholicism in Canada ** Hinduism in Canada ** Islam in Canada ** Judaism in Canada ** Sikhism in Canada * Irreligion in Canada

Sport in Canada

Sport in Canada Official Sports * Ice hockey * Lacrosse Other sports * Canadian football * Canada at the Olympics * Canada Rugby League * Canadian Curling Association * Canadian Figure Skating Championships, Canadian Figure Skating * Soccer in Canada, Association Football (Soccer) in Canada * Cross Country Canada, Cross Country Skiing * Canadian Snowboard Federation, Snowboarding in Canada Hall of Fame Museums * Hockey Hall of Fame * Canadian Curling Hall of Fame * Skate Canada Hall of Fame * List of Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame members, Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame

Economy and infrastructure

Economy of Canada * List of countries by GDP (nominal), Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 9th (ninth) * Agriculture in Canada * Banking in Canada ** List of banks in Canada, Banks in Canada *** National Bank of Canada * Communications in Canada ** Internet in Canada * List of companies of Canada, Companies of Canada * List of convention and exhibition centres in Canada, List of convention and exhibition centres * Currency, Currency of Canada: Canadian dollar, Dollar **ISO 4217: Canadian dollar, CAD * Economic history of Canada * Energy in Canada ** Geothermal power in Canada * Health care in Canada ** Emergency medical services in Canada * Mining in Canada * Science and technology in Canada * Stock exchanges: :* CNQ :* Nasdaq Canada :* Toronto Stock Exchange, S&P/TSX 60 is the main index of TSX :* TSX Venture Exchange :* Winnipeg Commodity Exchange :* Montreal Exchange * Tourism in Canada ** Niagara Falls * Transport in Canada ** List of airports in Canada, Airports in Canada ** Rail transport in Canada ** Roads in Canada * Water supply and sanitation in Canada

Economics by political division

Provinces

* Economy of Alberta * British Columbia#Economy, Economy of British Columbia ** Economy of Vancouver (city) * Manitoba#Economy, Economy of Manitoba * New Brunswick#Economy, Economy of New Brunswick * Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador * Economy of Nova Scotia * Economy of Ontario ** Economy of Toronto (city) * Prince Edward Island#Economy, Economy of Prince Edward Island * Economy of Quebec ** Demographic history of Quebec ** Montreal#Economy, Economy of Montreal (city) * Saskatchewan#Economy, Economy of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Northwest Territories#Economy, Economy of Northwest Territories * Economy of Nunavut * Yukon#Economy, Economy of the Yukon

Education in Canada

Education by political division

Provinces

* Education in Alberta * Education in British Columbia * Manitoba#Education , Education in Manitoba * Education in New Brunswick * Education in Newfoundland and Labrador * Nova_Scotia#Education , Education in Nova Scotia * Education in Ontario * Prince_Edward_Island#Education , Education in Prince Edward Island * Education in Quebec * Education in Saskatchewan

Territories

* Education in Northwest Territories * Education in Nunavut * Education in the Yukon

Higher Education by political division

Provinces

* Higher education in Alberta * Higher education in British Columbia * Higher education in Manitoba * Higher education in New Brunswick * Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador * Higher education in Nova Scotia * Higher education in Ontario * Higher education in Prince Edward Island * Higher education in Quebec * Higher education in Saskatchewan

Territories

* Higher education in Northwest Territories * Higher education in Nunavut * Higher education in the Yukon

Bibliographies

*Bibliography of Canada **Bibliography of Canadian history ***Bibliography of Canadian military history ****Bibliography of the 1837-1838 insurrections in Lower Canada ****List of books about the War of 1812 *Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories **Bibliography of Alberta history **Bibliography of British Columbia **Bibliography of New Brunswick **Bibliography of Nova Scotia **Bibliography of Ontario **Bibliography of Saskatchewan history *List of books about prime ministers of Canada

References

External links

*wmca:Main Page, Wikimedia Canada * ; Government
Official website of the Government of Canada

Official website of the Prime Minister of Canada

Official website of the Governor General of Canada

Official website of the Canadian Forces

Canada and the United Nations
;Crown corporations
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

Canada Post

Canadian Tourism Commission
;Other
Culture.ca — Canada's Cultural Gateway

Culturescope.ca — Canadian Cultural Observatory

The Canadian Atlas Online

Canada
''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. * UN Human Development Program
Country Fact Sheet: Canada
(link broken)
Statistics — Country Sheet: Canada
*
Canada from ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canada Canada, Canada-related lists, Outlines of countries, Canada

General reference

Geography

Environment

Geographic features

Regions

Other regions

Ecoregions

Provinces and territories

Provinces

Territories

=Municipalities

Demography

Demographics by political division

Provinces

Territories

Government and politics

Branches of the government

Executive branch of the government

Legislative branch of the government

Judicial branch of the government

Foreign relations

International organization membership

Legal system

Military

Provincial governments

Territory governments

Politics by political division

Provinces

Territories

History

History of Canada by period

History of Canada by political division

Provinces

Territories

Culture

Culture by political division

Provinces

Territories

Art in Canada

Music

=Music by political division

Religion in Canada

Sport in Canada

Economy and infrastructure

Economics by political division

Provinces

Territories

Education in Canada

Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

Higher Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

Bibliographies

See also

References

External links