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Odoardo Beccari (16 November 1843 – 25 October 1920) was an Italian botanist famous for his discoveries in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, particularly
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...
, and Australia. He has been called the greatest botanist to ever study
Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. ...
. His author abbreviation is Becc. when citing a
botanical name A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the '' Inte ...
.


Life


Youth and education (1843–1864)

Odoardo Beccari was born in
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
as the third child of Giuseppe di Luigi Beccari and the first child of Antonietta Minucci. After he lost his mother in early infancy and his father in 1849, he was brought up by a maternal uncle Minuccio Minucci. From 1853–1861, he attended the prestigious secondary school Real Collegio in
Lucca Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as ...
. Here, one of his teachers was abbot Ignazio Mezzetti (1821–1876), a passionate collector of botanical specimens, who inspired him to pursue botany and assemble a
herbarium A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (calle ...
. He later named the genus
Mezzettia ''Mezzettia'' is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae. It contains the following species, according to The Plant List (which list may be incomplete): * ''Mezzettia'' ''havilandii'' (Boerl.) Ridl. * '' Mezzettia macrocarpa'' Heyden & Kessler * ...
in his honor. In August 1861, he commenced his studies at the
University of Pisa The University of Pisa ( it, Università di Pisa, UniPi), officially founded in 1343, is one of the oldest universities in Europe. History The Origins The University of Pisa was officially founded in 1343, although various scholars place ...
. Here he quickly captured the attention of the eminent naturalists
Giuseppe Meneghini Giuseppe Giovanni Antonio Meneghini (30 July 1811, Padua – 29 January 1889, Pisa) was an Italian botanist, geologist and paleontologist. Biography Meneghini became interested in science under his school teacher Pietro Melo. Follow ...
and
Pietro Savi Pietro is an Italian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: People * Pietro I Candiano (c. 842–887), briefly the 16th Doge of Venice * Pietro Tribuno (died 912), 17th Doge of Venice, from 887 to his death * Pietro II C ...
. Very unusually, Savi made him assistant to the chair already in 1831. Beccari, however, was disappointed with the conventionality of the scientists in Pisa. Therefore, he quit his position there and changed to the
University of Bologna The University of Bologna ( it, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (''studiorum''), it is the oldest university in continuo ...
in March 1864, where he graduated in July of the same year.


First voyage to Borneo (1865–1868)

After finishing his studies, Beccari got to know the young Giacomo Doria in
Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Regions of Italy, Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of t ...
, who had traveled widely in
Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the F ...
, and the two decided to conduct an expedition to
Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
in northern
Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ...
, which was then poorly explored. To prepare for this voyage, Beccari stayed in London from February–April 1865 to study the natural history collections there, in particular at the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew. There, he also met
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English natural history#Before 1900, naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all speci ...
,
William William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conq ...
and Joseph Hooker, as well as James Brooke, the first rajah of
Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
. Beccari departed from
Southampton Southampton () is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. It is located approximately south-west of London and west of Portsmouth. The city forms part of the South Hampshire, S ...
on April 4, 1865, meeting Doria in
Suez Suez ( ar, السويس '; ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 ) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same b ...
. Calling in Aden,
Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
and
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
, the two reached Kuching, the capital of Sarawak, on June 19, 1865. For the first three months, they were also accompanied by Beccari's brother Gioavanni Battista, who then continued to Japan. After a short productive period, Doria's health worsened dramatically by March 1866, forcing him to return to Italy. He worked mostly in a hut in the forest some 80 km from Kuching, in today's Kubah National Park. In 1867, he visited
Batang Lupar Batang Lupar is a federal constituency in Samarahan Division (Simunjan District and Sebuyau District), Betong Division ( Pusa District) and Sri Aman Division (Sri Aman District and Lingga District), Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in ...
, hunting and studying Orangutans. Later in 1867, he also conducted a long and risky expedition into the interior of Sarawak. In 1866 he discovered and drew in his notebook the plant '' Thismia neptunis'' of the family Thismiaceae; only after 151 years, in 2017, was this discovery confirmed. He also discovered a new species of Rafflesia, the largest-flowered plant genus, which he called
Rafflesia tuan-mudae ''Rafflesia tuan-mudae'' is a member of the Rafflesiaceae family. It lives as a parasite within the ''Tetrastigma'' vine. The enormous flowers may reach over 1 m in diameter. The buds normally emerge where the vine is growing along the ground, u ...
in honor of James Brooke. Beccari contracted
Malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or deat ...
and Elephantiasis and had to leave in January 1868, arriving in Italy on March 2.


Florence and Africa 1868–1871

Back in Florence, Beccari published, on his own costs, a journal titled ''Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano'', which he edited from 1868–1871, which published original research by the most important Italian botanists of the day, including Beccari's own descriptions of his collections made in Borneo. Before his expedition to New Guinea, Beccari handed the management of the journal to Teodoro Caruel. He also published his results in ''Bolletino della Società Geografica Italiana''. He collaborated with specialists to study particular groups such as seagrasses with P. Ascherson,
pteridophyte A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as " cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns, ...
s with Vincenzo de Cesati, mosses with Hampe, lichens with August von Krempelhuber etc. From February–October 1870, Beccari joined an expedition alongside geologist
Arturo Issel Arturo Issel ( Genoa April 11, 1842 – Genoa November 27, 1922) was an Italian geologist, palaeontologist, malacologist and archaeologist, born in Genoa. He is noted for first defining the Tyrrhenian Stage in 1914. Issel was also renowned ...
and zoologist Orazio Antinori to
Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...
. This came just two years after the purchase of Assab marked the beginning of the Italian colonization of Eritrea which would come into full swing in the 1880s. Apart from Assab, the party also visited the country of the Bilen people, then called Bogos.


Expedition to New Guinea (1871–1876)

On November 26, 1871, Beccari departed on a voyage to
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...
, then hardly explored, together with the
ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...
Luigi D'Albertis. Since Western New Guinea was then already claimed by the Dutch, the voyagers had to call at Batavia (Jakarta) to ask for permission for their scientific voyage and get hold of official maps. They also visited the botanical garden at Buitenzorg (
Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Mount Pangrango. By ship, the party, visiting on their way the islands Flores,
Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western part. The Indonesian part, al ...
and
Ambon Ambon may refer to: Places * Ambon Island, an island in Indonesia ** Ambon, Maluku, a city on Ambon Island, the capital of Maluku province ** Governorate of Ambon, a colony of the Dutch East India Company from 1605 to 1796 * Ambon, Morbihan, a co ...
, reached Sorong on the western part of the
Bird's Head Peninsula The Bird's Head Peninsula ( Indonesian: ''Kepala Burung'', nl, Vogelkop) or Doberai Peninsula (''Semenanjung Doberai''), is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of the island of New Guinea, comprising the Indonesian provinces o ...
of New Guinea in April 1872, 40 days after departing Ambon. In July, they left Sorong, reaching Mansinam Island further to the east after 20 days. They especially studied the area near Mount Arfak (2,955 m). After D'Albertis had fallen seriously ill, and they had managed to return to Ambon, he departed with the Italian corvette ''Vettor Pisani'' which they chanced upon there. In total, Beccari had collected about 700 plant species during his voyage to New Guinea. On his own way back, he visited the
Aru Aru or ARU may refer to: Education * Alpha Rho Upsilon, a defunct fraternity in the United States * Anglia Ruskin University, a university in England * Ardhi University, a Tanzanian public university Places * Aru Islands Regency, a group of isl ...
and Kai Islands, where he collected further specimens. In the Kai Islands, he suffered a shipwreck, but could save all his collections. He then continued to Sulawesi, traveling around the island and reaching
Makassar Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, ...
on August 15, 1874. Beccari's funds were running out at that time, but after he had written earlier in the year to Doria in Genoa asking for help in acquiring funding, his friend convinced the city council of Genoa to finance a second expedition towards New Guinea. Since the season was not conducive to an expedition to New Guinea, he spent the summer in
Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...
, Surabaja, Semarang, then proceeded through the interior of Java to
Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Ternate Ternate is a city in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and an island in the Maluku Islands. It was the ''de facto'' provincial capital of North Maluku before Sofifi on the nearby coast of Halmahera became the capital in 2010. It is off th ...
with a crew of 10. He visited many parts of northern West Papua, such as the Schouten Islands, Dorei ( Manokwari) and Seram. He also climbed one of the summits of Mount Arfak. In July, a breakout of Beri-Beri among the crew that ended up killing the majority of them forced an early end to the expedition and a return to Ternate. From November 1875 to January 1876, Beccari accompanied a Dutch bathymetric survey, which allowed him to visit places as far as the Yos Sudarso Bay. Beccari left Ternate for Jakarta in March 1876 and arrived in Florence in June, where he received many honors.


Third Malesian Voyage (1877–1878)

After one year in Florence, Beccari decided to make another long voyage to
Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. ...
, accompanied this time by Enrico Alberto d'Albertis, a cousin of Luigi D'Albertis. The first part of the trip took the two through India via Singapore and Kuching to Australia. Enrico d'Albertis then returned directly while Beccari made botanical studies in West Sumatra, especially around Mount Singgalang, where he amassed a collection of about 1,000 species. He returned to Florence in late December 1878. Among other plants, he discovered '' Amorphophallus titanum'' on this voyage.


Life in Italy (1879–1920)

Between 1878 and 1879, Beccari was ''Director of the Botanical Collections and Garden of the Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History of Florence'' (he was appointed while on his voyage). He resigned after one year due to disagreements about the source of financing for the sale of his plant collection and the removal of the large existing collections to a new building. In January 1888, Beccari married Nella Goretti de Flamini. They had four sons: Nello, Dino, Baccio and Renzo. Nello Beccari became an anatomist in his own right. They lived in the Castello di Bisarno, a villa near Florence. He began to publish a large work, ''Malesia'', mainly detailing results from the study of his collection, but the publication was stopped after some volumes due to lack of funds. In May 1897 he was visited in Florence by
Margaret Brooke Margaret, Lady Brooke, Ranee of Sarawak (born Margaret Alice Lili de Windt; 9 October 1849 – 1 December 1936) was the ranee of the second White Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke. She published her memoir, ''My Life in Sarawak'' ...
, the ranee of Sarawak, who inspired him to write a book about his explorations in Borneo, which became ''Nelle foreste di Borneo'', published in 1902. In his last years, he mainly studied palms, basing his research on specimens sent to him from all over the world, publishing works such as ''Asiatic Palms'' (1908) and ''Palme del Madagascar descritte ed illustrate'' (1912). He died on 25 October 1920 in Florence, aged 77.


Legacy

Beccari's botanical collection now forms part of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze. While the greatest part of Beccari's archive is preserved at the University of Florence, some travel notes can be found in the library of the Museo Galileo. The botanical journal ''Beccariana from Herbarium Manokwariense'',
Universitas Negeri Papua The University of Papua ( id, Universitas Papua) is a university in the province of West Papua, Indonesia. It has three campuses: Manokwari, Sorong, and Raja Ampat.The university teaches Economics, Forestry, Agriculture and Earth Sciences Ear ...
(UNIPA), Manokwari,
Papua Barat West Papua ( id, Papua Barat), formerly Irian Jaya Barat (West Irian), is a province of Indonesia. It covers the two western peninsulas of the island of New Guinea, the eastern half of the Bird's Head Peninsula (or Doberai Peninsula) and the ...
, Indonesia, is named after him. See below for a list of species named after Beccari. In 2020/21 the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Sarawak, funded the Beccari Centenary. This included a series of talks, the Beccari Discovery Trail at Matang, and a discovery trail with interpretive signs at Kubah National Park.


Selected works

* ** ** ** *''Nelle Foreste di Borneo. Viaggi e ricerche di un naturalista'', S. Landi, Florence, 1902. *''Wanderings in the great forests of Borneo; travels and researches of a naturalist in Sarawak'', A. Constable, London, 1904. *''Asiatic Palms'' (1908). *''Palme del Madagascar descritte ed illustrate'' (1912). *''Nova Guinea, Selebes e Molucche. Diari di viaggio ordinati dal figlio Prof. Dott. Nello Beccari'', La Voce, Florence, 1924.


Genera and species named after Odoardo Beccari


Plants

*''
Beccarianthus ''Beccarianthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae. Its native range is Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of ...
'', a genus in the family
Melastomataceae Melastomataceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, s ...
*''
Beccarinda ''Beccarinda'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the ...
'', a genus in the family
Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), wit ...
*'' Beccariophoenix'', a genus in the family Arecaceae *''
Aglaia beccarii ''Aglaia beccarii'' is a tree in the family Meliaceae. It grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown, greenish brown or white. The fruits are pink or reddish purple. The tree is named for the Italian botanist Odo ...
'', a tree in the family
Meliaceae Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by synca ...
*''
Aulandra beccarii ''Aulandra beccarii'' is a plant in the family Sapotaceae. It grows as a small tree. The twigs are reddish brown. Flowers are pale yellow. ''A. beccarii'' is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in ...
'', a tree in the family
Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
*'' Alocasia beccarii'', a plant in the family
Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). ...
*''
Bulbophyllum beccarii ''Bulbophyllum beccarii'' is by far the largest species in the genus ''Bulbophyllum'' and one of the largest in the orchid family. The thick rhizome, reportedly up to 20 cm in diameter (but the thickest reliably reported has been five cm.) ...
'', an
orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
*'' Coelogyne odoardi'', an orchid *'' Dacrydium beccarii'', a conifer in the family Podocarpaceae *'' Dryobalanops beccarii'' or Kapur Keladan, a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae *'' Durio beccarianus'', a species of
durian The durian (, ) is the edible fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus ''Durio''. There are 30 recognised ''Durio'' species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. '' Durio zibethinus'', native to Borneo and Sumatra, is the o ...
*''
Haplolobus beccarii ''Haplolobus beccarii'' is a species of plant in the Burseraceae family. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 1 ...
'', a plant in the family Burseraceae *'' Holochlamys beccarii'', a plant in the family
Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). ...
*'' Lithocarpus beccarianus'', a tree in the family Fagaceae *''
Musa beccarii ''Musa beccarii'' is a species of wild banana (genus ''Musa''), found in Malaysia, in Sabah (in the northern part of the island of Borneo). It is placed in section ''Callimusa'' (now including the former section ''Australimusa''). The flower bud ...
'', a wild
banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry (botany), berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa (genus), Musa''. In some countries, Cooking banana, bananas used for ...
in the family
Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves w ...
*'' Myrmecodia beccarii'', a plant in the family
Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...
*'' Myrtella beccarii'', a plant in the family
Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All spe ...
*''
Palaquium beccarianum ''Palaquium beccarianum'' is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is named for the Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari. Description ''Palaquium beccarianum'' grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. The inflorescences bear up to five flowers. ...
'', a tree in the family
Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
*'' Pritchardia beccariana'', a tree in the family Arecaceae *'' Pseuduvaria beccarii'', a plant in the family Annonaceae *'' Tristaniopsis beccarii'', a plant in the family Myrtaceae


Animals

*''
Acanthopelma beccarii ''Acanthopelma beccarii'' is a species of spider belonging to the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). It is endemic to Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South Am ...
'', a tarantula *'' Carlia beccarii'', a
skink Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. S ...
Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. iii + 296 pp. . ("Beccari", pp. 20-21). *'' Clinidium beccarii'', a
ground beetle Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal fami ...
in the family
Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal fam ...
*'' Cochoa beccarii'', a bird in the family Turdidae *''
Conraua beccarii ''Conraua beccarii'' is a species of frog in the family Conrauidae found in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-a ...
'',
frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" '' Triadobatrachus'' is ...
in the family Ranidae *'' Crocidura beccarii'', a shrew *'' Draco beccarii'', a "flying dragon"
lizard Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The group is paraphyletic since it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia al ...
*'' Emballonura beccarii'', a bat in the family Emballonuridae *'' Gallicolumba beccarii'', a bird in the family Columbidae *''
Harpesaurus beccarii ''Harpesaurus beccarii'', also known commonly as the Sumatra nose-horned lizard or the Sumatran nose-horned lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. Etymology The specific name, ''becc ...
'', a lizard in the family Agamidae *''
Margaretamys beccarii Beccari's margareta rat (''Margaretamys beccarii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Ocea ...
'', a rat in the family Muridae *''
Mormopterus beccarii Beccari's free-tailed bat (''Ozimops beccarii'') is a species of bat in the free-tailed bat family Molossidae found to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It can be found in several habitat types, including savanna, tropical moist forest, and fragm ...
'', a bat in the family Molossidae *'' Otus beccarii'', an owl in the family Strigidae *''
Scopula beccarii ''Scopula beccarii'' is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Prout in 1915. It is endemic to Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a countr ...
'', a moth in the family
Geometridae The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies. Their scientific name derives from the Ancient Greek ''geo'' γεω (derivative form of or "the earth"), and ''metr ...
*'' Sericornis beccarii'', a bird in the family Acanthizidae *'' Tropidophorus beccarii'', a
skink Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. S ...
*''
Varanus beccarii The black tree monitor or Beccari's monitor (''Varanus beccarii)'' is a species of lizard in the family Varanidae. The species is a relatively small member of the family, growing to about in total length (including tail). ''V. beccarii'' is ...
'', a
monitor lizard Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus ''Varanus,'' the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the Americas as an invasive species. About 80 species are reco ...


See also

*'' Cocos nucifera palmyrensis'' (Becc.), identified by Odoardo Beccari as the
coconut The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or ...
type with the largest and most triangular (in cross-section) fruit in the world, found only on Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. *'' Trachycarpus takil'' (Becc.), the Kumaon windmill palm. First discovered & described by Beccari, who mistook it for a known ''fortunei'' variant, thus missed having it named after him. ''Trachycarpus takil'' is believed to be the hardiest trunking palm on earth.


References


Further reading

*Nalesini O (2009). ''L'Asia Sud-orientale nella cultura italiana. Bibliografia analitica ragionata, 1475–2005''. Roma:
Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente The Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO), known in English as the Italian Institute for Africa and the Orient, was established in Rome in 1995, as the result of the merging of (IsMEO) with the Istituto Italo-Africano (IIA). It cl ...
. pp. 17–18 (Biography), 64–65 (travels), 385–390 (Botany). .


External links


IMHS
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beccari, Odoardo Italian naturalists Taxonomists 1843 births 1920 deaths Botanists with author abbreviations Italian entomologists Scientists from Florence 19th-century Italian botanists 20th-century Italian botanists 19th-century naturalists 20th-century naturalists University of Pisa alumni Members of the Lincean Academy