Nikon (Vorobyov)

(, ; ), also known just as Nikon, is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, specializing in optics and imaging products. The companies held by Nikon form the Nikon Group.

Nikon's products include cameras, camera lenses, binoculars, microscopes, ophthalmic lenses, measurement instruments, rifle scopes, spotting scopes, and the steppers used in the photolithography steps of semiconductor fabrication, of which it is the world's second largest manufacturer. The company is the eighth-largest chip equipment maker as reported in 2017. Also, it has diversified into new areas like 3D printing and regenerative medicine to compensate for the shrinking digital camera market.

Among Nikon's many notable product lines are Nikkor imaging lenses (for F-mount cameras, large format photography, photographic enlargers, and other applications), the Nikon F-series of 35 mm film SLR cameras, the Nikon D-series of digital SLR cameras, the Nikon Z-series of digital mirrorless cameras, the Coolpix series of compact digital cameras, and the Nikonos series of underwater film cameras. Nikon's main competitors in camera and lens manufacturing include Canon, Sony, Fujifilm, Panasonic, Pentax, and Olympus.

Founded on July 25, 1917 as ''Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha'' ( "''Japan Optical Industries Co., Ltd.''"), the company was renamed to Nikon Corporation, after its cameras, in 1988. Nikon is a member of the Mitsubishi group of companies (''keiretsu'').

History

Nikon Corporation was established on 25 July 1917 when three leading optical manufacturers merged to form a comprehensive, fully integrated optical company known as Nippon Kōgaku Tōkyō K.K. Over the next sixty years, this growing company became a manufacturer of optical lenses (including those for the first Canon cameras) and equipment used in cameras, binoculars, microscopes and inspection equipment. During World War II the company operated thirty factories with 2,000 employees, manufacturing binoculars, lenses, bomb sights, and periscopes for the Japanese military.

Reception outside Japan

After the war Nippon Kōgaku reverted to producing its civilian product range in a single factory. In 1948, the first Nikon-branded camera was released, the Nikon I. Nikon lenses were popularised by the American photojournalist David Douglas Duncan. Duncan was working in Tokyo when the Korean War began. Duncan had met a young Japanese photographer, Jun Miki, who introduced Duncan to Nikon lenses. From July 1950 to January 1951, Duncan covered the Korean War. Fitting Nikon optics (especially the NIKKOR-P.C 1:2 f=8,5 cm) to his Leica rangefinder cameras produced high contrast negatives with very sharp resolution at the centre field.

Names and brands

Founded in 1917 as ''Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha'' ( "Japan Optical Industries Corporation"), the company was renamed ''Nikon Corporation'', after its cameras, in 1988. The name ''Nikon'', which dates from 1946, was originally intended only for its small-camera line, spelled as "Nikkon", with an addition of the "n" to the "Nikko" brand name. The similarity to the Carl Zeiss AG brand "ikon", would cause some early problems in Germany as Zeiss complained that Nikon violated its trademarked camera. From 1963 to 1968 the Nikon F in particular was therefore labeled 'Nikkor'.

The ''Nikkor'' brand was introduced in 1932, a westernised rendering of an earlier version ''Nikkō'' (), an abbreviation of the company's original full name (''Nikkō'' also means "sunlight" and is the name of a famous Japanese onsen town.). ''Nikkor'' is the Nikon brand name for its lenses.

Another early brand used on microscopes was ''Joico'', an abbreviation of "Japan Optical Industries Co". Expeed is the brand Nikon uses for its image processors since 2007.

Rise of the Nikon F series

The Nikon SP and other 1950s and 1960s rangefinder cameras competed directly with models from Leica and Zeiss. However, the company quickly ceased developing its rangefinder line to focus its efforts on the Nikon F single-lens reflex line of cameras, which was successful upon its introduction in 1959. For nearly 30 years, Nikon's F-series SLRs were the most widely used small-format cameras among professional photographers, as well as by some U.S. space program, the first in 1971 on Apollo 15 (as lighter and smaller alternative to the Hasselblad, used in the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs, 12 of which are still on the Moon) and later once in 1973 on the Skylab and later again on it in 1981.

Nikon popularized many features in professional SLR photography, such as the modular camera system with interchangeable lenses, viewfinders, motor drives, and data backs; integrated light metering and lens indexing; electronic strobe flashguns instead of expendable flashbulbs; electronic shutter control; evaluative multi-zone "matrix" metering; and built-in motorized film advance. However, as auto focus SLRs became available from Minolta and others in the mid-1980s, Nikon's line of manual-focus cameras began to seem out of date.

Despite introducing one of the first autofocus models, the slow and bulky F3AF, the company's determination to maintain lens compatibility with its F-mount prevented rapid advances in autofocus technology. Canon introduced a new type of lens-camera interface with its entirely electronic Canon EOS cameras and Canon EF lens mount in 1987. The much faster lens performance permitted by Canon's electronic focusing and aperture control prompted many professional photographers (especially in sports and news) to switch to the Canon system through the 1990s.

Post-millenium film camera production

Once Nikon introduced affordable consumer-level DSLRs such as the Nikon D70 in the mid-2000s, sales of its consumer and professional film cameras fell rapidly, following the general trend in the industry. In January 2006, Nikon announced it would stop making most of its film camera models and all of its large format lenses, and focus on digital models.

Nevertheless, Nikon remained the only major camera manufacturer still making film SLR cameras for a long time. The high-end Nikon F6 and the entry-level FM10 remained in production all the way up until October 2020.

Digital photography

Digital single-lens reflex and point and shoot cameras

Nikon created some of the first digital SLRs (DSLRs, Nikon NASA F4) for NASA, used in the Space Shuttle since 1991. After a 1990s partnership with Kodak to produce digital SLR cameras based on existing Nikon film bodies, Nikon released the Nikon D1 SLR under its own name in 1999. Although it used an APS-C-size light sensor only 2/3 the size of a 35 mm film frame (later called a " DX sensor"), the D1 was among the first digital cameras to have sufficient image quality and a low enough price for some professionals (particularly photojournalists and sports photographers) to use it as a replacement for a film SLR. The company also has a Coolpix line which grew as consumer digital photography became increasingly prevalent through the early 2000s. Nikon also never made any phones.

Through the mid-2000s, Nikon's line of professional and enthusiast DSLRs and lenses including their back compatible AF-S lens line remained in second place behind Canon in SLR camera sales, and Canon had several years' lead in producing professional DSLRs with light sensors as large as traditional 35 mm film frames. All Nikon DSLRs from 1999 to 2007, by contrast, used the smaller DX size sensor.

Then, 2005 management changes at Nikon led to new camera designs such as the full-frame Nikon D3 in late 2007, the Nikon D700 a few months later, and mid-range SLRs. Nikon regained much of its reputation among professional and amateur enthusiast photographers as a leading innovator in the field, especially because of the speed, ergonomics, and low-light performance of its latest models. The mid-range Nikon D90, introduced in 2008, was also the first SLR camera to record video. Since then video mode has been introduced to many more of the Nikon and non-Nikon DSLR cameras including the Nikon D3S, Nikon D3100, Nikon D3200, Nikon D5100, and Nikon D7000.

More recently, Nikon has released a photograph and video editing suite called ViewNX to browse, edit, merge and share images and videos. Despite the market growth of Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Cameras, Nikon did not neglect their F-mount Single Lens Reflex cameras and have released some professional DSLRs like the D780, or the D6 in 2020.

Mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras

In reaction to the growing market for Mirrorless cameras, Nikon released their first Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Cameras and also a new lens mount in 2011. The lens mount was called Nikon 1, and the first bodies in it were the Nikon 1 J1 and the V1. The system was built around a 1 inch (or CX) format image sensor, with a 2.7x crop factor. This format was pretty small compared to their competitors. This resulted in a loss of image quality, dynamic range and fewer possibilities for restricting depth of field depth of field range. In 2018, Nikon officially discontinued the 1 series, after three years without a new camera body. (The last one was the Nikon 1 J5).

Also in 2018, Nikon introduced a new mirrorless system in their lineup: the Nikon Z system. The first cameras in the series were the Z 6 and the Z 7, both with a Full Frame (FX) sensor format, In-Body Image Stabilization and a built-in electronic viewfinder. The Z-mount is not only for FX cameras though, as in 2019 Nikon introduced the Z 50 with a DX format sensor, without IBIS but with the compatibility to every Z-mount lens. The handling, the ergonomics and the button layout are similar to the Nikon DSLR cameras, which is friendly for those who are switching from them. This shows that Nikon is putting their focus more on their MILC line.

In 2020 Nikon updated both the Z 6 and the Z 7. The updated models are called the Z 6 II and the Z 7 II. The improvements over the original models include the new EXPEED 6 processor, an added card slot, improved video and AF features, higher burst rates, battery grip support and USB-C power delivery.

In 2021, Nikon released 2 mirrorless cameras, the Z fc and the Z 9. The Nikon Z fc is the second Z-series APS-C (DX) mirrorless camera in the line up, designed to evoke the company's famous FM2 SLR from the '80s. It offers manual controls, including dedicated dials for shutter speed, exposure compensation and ISO. The Z 9 became Nikon's new flagship product succeeding the D6, marking the start of a new era of Nikon cameras. It includes a 46 megapixel Full Frame (FX) format stacked CMOS sensor which is stabilized and has a very fast readout speed, making the mechanical shutter not only unneeded, but also absent from the camera. Along with the sensor, the 3.7 million dot, 760 nit EVF, the 30 fps continuous burst at full resolution with a buffer of 1000+ compressed raw photos, 4K 120 fps ProRes internal recording, the 8K 30 fps internal recording and the 120 hz subject recognition AF system make it one of the most advanced cameras on the market with its main rivals being the Canon EOS R3 and the Sony α1. (As of February 2022)

Movie camera production

Although few models were introduced, Nikon made movie cameras as well. The R10 and R8 SUPER ZOOM Super 8 models (introduced in 1973) were the top of the line and last attempt for the amateur movie field. The cameras had a special gate and claw system to improve image steadiness and overcome a major drawback of Super 8 cartridge design. The R10 model has a high speed 10X macro zoom lens.

Contrary to other brands, Nikon never attempted to offer projectors or their accessories.

Thai operations

Nikon has shifted much of its manufacturing facilities to Thailand, with some production (especially of Coolpix cameras and some low-end lenses) in Indonesia. The company constructed a factory in Ayuthaya north of Bangkok in Thailand in 1991. By 2000, it had 2,000 employees. Steady growth over the next few years and an increase of floor space from the original 19,400 square meters (209,000 square feet) to 46,200 square meters (497,000 square feet) enabled the factory to produce a wider range of Nikon products. By 2004, it had more than 8,000 workers.

The range of the products produced at Nikon Thailand include plastic molding, optical parts, painting, printing, metal processing, plating, spherical lens process, aspherical lens process, prism process, electrical and electronic mounting process, silent wave motor and autofocus unit production.

As of 2009, all of Nikon's Nikon DX format DSLR cameras and the D600, a prosumer FX camera, are produced in Thailand, while their professional and semi-professional Nikon FX format (full frame) cameras ( D700, D3, D3S, D3X, D4, D800 and the retro-styled Df) are built in Japan, in the city of Sendai. The Thai facility also produces most of Nikon's digital "DX" zoom lenses, as well as numerous other lenses in the Nikkor line.

Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd.

In 1999, Nikon and Essilor have signed a Memorandum of understanding to form a global strategic alliance in corrective lenses by forming a 50/50 joint venture in Japan to be called Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd.

The main purpose of the joint venture is to further strengthen the corrective lens business of both companies.
This will be achieved through the integrated strengths of Nikon's strong brand backed up by advanced optical technology and strong sales network in Japanese market, coupled with the high productivity and worldwide marketing and sales network of Essilor, the world leader in this industry.

Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd. started its business in January 2000, responsible for research, development, production and sales mainly for ophthalmic optics.

Recent development

Revenue from Nikon's camera business has dropped 30% in three years prior to fiscal 2015. In 2013, it forecast the first drop in sales from interchangeable lens cameras since Nikon's first digital SLR in 1999. The company's net profit has fallen from a peak of 75.4 billion (fiscal 2007) to 18.2 billion for fiscal 2015. Nikon plans to reassign over 1,500 employees resulting in job cuts of 1,000, mainly in semiconductor lithography and camera business, by 2017 as the company shifts focus to medical and industrial devices business for growth.

Film cameras

In January 2006 Nikon announced the discontinuation of all but two models of its film cameras, focusing its efforts on the digital camera market. It continues to sell the fully manual FM10, and still offers the high-end fully automatic F6. Nikon has also committed to service all the film cameras for a period of ten years after production ceases.

Film

35 mm SLR cameras with manual focus

High-end (Professional – Intended for professional use, heavy duty and weather resistance)
* Nikon F series (1959, known in Germany for legal reasons as the ''Nikkor F'')
* Nikon F2 series (1971)
* Nikon F3 series (1980)

Midrange
* Nikkorex series (1960)
* Nikkormat F series (1965, known in Japan as the Nikomat F series)
* Nikon FM (1977)
* Nikon FM2 series (1982)
* Nikon FM10 (1995)

Midrange with electronic features
* Nikkormat EL series (1972, known in Japan as the Nikomat EL series)
* Nikon EL2 (1977)
* Nikon FE (1978)
* Nikon FE2 (1983)
* Nikon FA (1983)
* Nikon F-601M (1990, known in North America as the N6000)
* Nikon FE10 (1996)
* Nikon FM3A (2001)

Entry-level (Consumer)
* Nikon EM (1979)
* Nikon FG (1982)
* Nikon FG-20 (1984)
* Nikon F-301 (1985, known in North America as the N2000)

Film

APS SLR cameras

* Nikon Pronea 600i / Pronea 6i (1996)
* Nikon Pronea S (1997)

File:Nikon Pronea 600i img 0604.jpg, The Nikon Pronea 600i
File:Nikon Pronea S img 1320.jpg, The Nikon Pronea S

Film 35 mm SLR cameras with autofocus

High-end (Professional – Intended for professional use, heavy duty and weather resistance)
* Nikon F3AF (1983, modified F3 body with Autofocus Finder DX-1)
* Nikon F4 (1988) – (World's first professional auto-focus SLR camera and world's first professional SLR camera with a built-in motor drive)
* Nikonos RS (1992) (Professional when reviewed in underwater conditions) – (World's first underwater auto-focus SLR camera)Nikon , Imaging Products , Evolution of NIKONOS
Imaging.nikon.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
* Nikon F5 (1996)
* Nikon F6 (2004)

High-end (Prosumer – Intended for pro-consumers who want the main mechanic/electronic features of the professional line but don't need the same heavy duty/weather resistance)
* Nikon F-501 (1986, known in North America as the N2020)
* Nikon F-801 (1988, known in the U.S. as the N8008)
* Nikon F-801S (1991, known in the U.S. as the N8008S)
* Nikon F90 (1992, known in the U.S. as the N90)
* Nikon F90X (1994, known in the U.S. as the N90S)
* Nikon F80 (2000, known in the U.S. as the N80)
* Nikon F100 (1999)

Mid-range (Consumer)
* Nikon F-601 (1990, known in the U.S. as the N6006)
* Nikon F70 (1994, known in the U.S. as the N70)
* Nikon F75 (2003, known in the U.S. as the N75)

Entry-level (Consumer)
* Nikon F-401 (1987, known in the U.S. as the N4004)
* Nikon F-401S (1989, known in the U.S. as the N4004S)
* Nikon F-401X (1991, known in the U.S. as the N5005)
* Nikon F50 (1994, known in the U.S. as the N50)
* Nikon F60 (1999, known in the U.S. as the N60)
* Nikon F65 (2000, known in the U.S. as the N65)
* Nikon F55 (2002, known in the U.S. as the N55)

Professional

Rangefinder cameras

* Nikon I (1948)
* Nikon M (1949)
* Nikon S (1951)
* Nikon S2 (1954)
* Nikon SP (1957)
* Nikon S3 (1958)
* Nikon S4 (1959) (entry-level)
* Nikon S3M (1960)
* Nikon S3 2000 (2000)
* Nikon SP Limited Edition (2005)

Compact cameras

Between 1983 and the early 2000s a broad range of compact cameras were made by Nikon. Nikon first started by naming the cameras with a series name (like the L35/L135-series, the RF/RD-series, the W35-series, the EF or the AW-series). In later production cycles, the cameras were double branded with a series-name on the one and a sales name on the other hand. Sales names were for example ''Zoom-Touch'' for cameras with a wide zoom range, ''Lite-Touch'' for ultra compact models, ''Fun-Touch'' for easy to use cameras and ''Sport-Touch'' for splash water resistance. After the late 1990s, Nikon dropped the series names and continued only with the sales name. Nikon's APS-cameras were all named ''Nuvis''.

The cameras came in all price ranges from entry-level fixed-lens-cameras to the top model Nikon 35Ti and 28Ti with titanium body and 3D-Matrix-Metering.

Movie cameras

: Double 8 (8mm)
* NIKKOREX 8 (1960)
* NIKKOREX 8F (1963)
: Super 8
* Nikon Super Zoom 8 (1966)
* Nikon 8X Super Zoom (1967)
* Nikon R8 Super Zoom (1973)
* Nikon R10 Super Zoom (1973)

Professional Underwater cameras

* Nikonos I Calypso (1963, originally known in France as the Calypso/Nikkor)
* Nikonos II (1968)
* Nikonos III (1975)
* Nikonos IV-A (1980)
* Nikonos V (1984)
* Nikonos RS (1992) (World's first underwater Auto-Focus SLR camera)

Digital cameras

Nikon's raw image format is ''NEF'', for Nikon Electronic File. The "DSCN" prefix for image files stands for "Digital Still Camera – Nikon."

Digital compact cameras

The Nikon Coolpix series are digital compact cameras produced in many variants: Superzoom, bridge, travel-zoom, miniature compact and waterproof/rugged cameras. The top compact cameras are several "Performance" series indicated by a "P...".

Larger sensor compact cameras

Coolpix series since 2008 listed.
*Nikon Coolpix P6000, 2008-08-07 (CCD, 14 megapixels, 4x zoom)
*Nikon Coolpix P7000, 2010-09-08 (CCD, 10.1 megapixels, 7x zoom)
*Nikon Coolpix P7100, 2011-08-24 (roughly same specifications as predecessor)
*Nikon Coolpix P7700
*Nikon Coolpix A, 2013-03-05 (16MP DX-CMOS sensor)
*Nikon Coolpix A900
*Nikon Coolpix P7800

=Light-weight fast lens compact cameras

=
*Nikon Coolpix P300
*Nikon Coolpix P310
*Nikon Coolpix P330
*Nikon Coolpix P340

Bridge cameras

*Nikon Coolpix L810, Feb, 2012–16 MP, 26x optical zoom, no wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 80–1600
*Nikon Coolpix L820, Jan, 2013–16 MP, 30x optical zoom, no wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 125-3200
*Nikon Coolpix L830, Jan, 2014–16 MP, 34x optical zoom with 68x Dynamic Fine Zoom, no wi-fi, tilting LCD, ISO 125-1600 (3200 in Auto)
*Nikon Coolpix L840 Feb, 2015–16 MP, 38x optical zoom with 76x Dynamic Fine Zoom, built-in Wi-Fi and NFC (Near Field Communication), 3 inch high-resolution tilting LCD, ISO 125 – 1600
ISO 3200, 6400 (available when using Auto mode)
*Nikon Coolpix P500, Feb, 2011–12.1 MP, 36x optical zoom, tilt LCD, ISO 160–3200
*Nikon Coolpix P510, Feb, 2012–16.1 MP, 41.7x optical zoom (24–1000mm), no wi-fi, vari-angle LCD, ISO 100–3200
*Nikon Coolpix P520, Jan, 2013–18.1 MP, 42x optical zoom, optional wi-fi, vari-angle LCD, ISO 80–3200
*Nikon Coolpix P530, Feb, 2014–16.1 MP, 42x optical zoom & 84x Dynamic Fine Zoom, opt wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 100–1600 (ISO 3200, 6400 in PASM mode)
*Nikon Coolpix P600, Feb, 2014–16.1 MP, 60x optical zoom and 120 Dynamic Fine Zoom, built in wi-fi, vari-angle LCD, ISO 100–1600 (ISO 3200, 6400 in PASM mode)

*Nikon Coolpix P610
*Nikon Coolpix B500, Feb, 2016-16 MP, 40x optical zoom, tilt LCD, ISO 160–6400
*Nikon Coolpix P900
*Nikon Coolpix P950
*Nikon Coolpix P1000

Mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras

Nikon Z series – Nikon Z-mount lenses
*Nikon Z 7, FX/Full Frame sensor, August 23, 2018
*Nikon Z 6, FX/Full Frame sensor, August 23, 2018
*Nikon Z 50, DX/APS-C sensor, October 10, 2019
*Nikon Z 5, FX/Full Frame sensor, July 21, 2020
*Nikon Z 6II, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 14, 2020
*Nikon Z 7II, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 14, 2020
*Nikon Z fc, DX/APS-C sensor, July 2021
* Nikon Z 9, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 28, 2021

Nikon 1 series – CX sensor, Nikon 1 mount lenses
*Nikon 1 J1, September 21, 2011, : 10 MP
* Nikon 1 V1, September 21, 2011, : 10 MP
*Nikon 1 J2, August 10, 2012, : 10 MP
*Nikon 1 V2, October 24, 2012, : 14 MP
*Nikon 1 J3, January 8, 2013, : 14 MP
*Nikon 1 S1, January 8, 2013, : 10 MP
*Nikon 1 AW1, : 14 MP
*Nikon 1 V3, : 18 MP, tilt LCD
*Nikon 1 J4, : 18 MP
*Nikon 1 J5, : 20 MP

Digital single lens reflex cameras

High-end (Professional – Intended for professional use, heavy duty and weather resistance)
*Nikon D1, DX sensor, June 15, 1999 – Discontinued
*Nikon D1X, DX sensor, February 5, 2001 – Discontinued
*Nikon D1H, DX sensor, high speed, February 5, 2001 – Discontinued
*Nikon D2H, DX sensor, high speed, July 22, 2003 – Discontinued
* Nikon D2X, DX sensor, September 16, 2004 – Discontinued
*Nikon D2HS, DX sensor, high speed, February 16, 2005 – Discontinued
*Nikon D2XS, DX sensor, June 1, 2006 – Discontinued
*Nikon D3, FX/Full Frame sensor, August 23, 2007 – Discontinued
*Nikon D3X, FX/Full Frame sensor, December 1, 2008 – Discontinued
*Nikon D3S, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 14, 2009 – Discontinued
*Nikon D4, FX/Full Frame sensor, January 6, 2012 – Discontinued
*Nikon D4S, FX/Full Frame sensor, February 25, 2014 – Discontinued (In U.S.A. only)
*Nikon D5, FX/Full Frame sensor, January 5, 2016
* Nikon D6, FX/Full Frame sensor, February 12, 2020

High-end (Prosumer – Intended for pro-consumers who want the main mechanical/weather resistance and electronic features of the professional line but don't need the same heavy duty)
*Nikon D100, DX sensor, February 21, 2002 – Discontinued
* Nikon D200, DX sensor, November 1, 2005 – Discontinued
*Nikon D300, DX sensor, August 23, 2007 – Discontinued
*Nikon D300S, DX sensor, July 30, 2009 – Discontinued
*Nikon D700, FX/Full Frame sensor, July 1, 2008 – Discontinued
* Nikon D800, FX/Full Frame sensor, February 7, 2012 – Discontinued
*Nikon D800E, FX/Full Frame sensor, April 2012 – Discontinued
* Nikon D600, FX/Full Frame sensor, September 13, 2012 – Discontinued
* Nikon D610, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 2013
*Nikon Df, FX/Full Frame sensor, November 2013
* Nikon D810, FX/Full Frame sensor, June 2014
*Nikon D750, FX/Full Frame sensor, September 11, 2014
* Nikon D810, FX/Full Frame Sensor, February 2015
*Nikon D500, DX sensor, January 5, 2016
*Nikon D850, FX/Full Frame sensor, announced July 25, 2017
*Nikon D780, FX/Full Frame sensor, January 7, 2020

Midrange and professional usage cameras with DX sensor
*Nikon D70, January 28, 2004 – Discontinued
*Nikon D70S, April 20, 2005 – Discontinued
*Nikon D80, August 9, 2006 – Discontinued
*Nikon D90, August 27, 2008 – Discontinued
*Nikon D7000, September 15, 2010 – Discontinued
*Nikon D7100, February 21, 2013 – Discontinued ( In U.S.A. only )
*Nikon D7200, March 2, 2015
*Nikon D7500, April 12, 2017

Upper-entry-level (Consumer) – DX sensor

Along with the D750 and D500 above, these are the only Nikon DSLR's with the articulated (tilt-and-swivel) display.
*Nikon D5000, April 14, 2009 – Discontinued
*Nikon D5100, April 5, 2011 – Discontinued
*Nikon D5200

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