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Cell Sorting
Cell sorting is the process through which a particular cell type is separated from others contained in a sample on the basis of its physical or biological properties, such as size, morphological parameters, viability and both extracellular and intracellular protein expression. The homogeneous cell population obtained after sorting can be used for a variety of applications including research, diagnosis, and therapy. Methods Methods of cell sorting fall into two major categories: fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunomagnetic cell sorting. Due to many years of refinement and increased demand for cell separation however, researchers are working to develop microfluidic sorting devices that have many benefits in comparison to the main types of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunomagnetic cell sorting methods. Fluorescence-activated Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, is also known as flow cytometry cell sorting, or commonly known by the acronym FACS, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flow Cytometry
Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument. The sample is focused to ideally flow one cell at a time through a laser beam, where the light scattered is characteristic to the cells and their components. Cells are often labeled with fluorescent markers so light is absorbed and then emitted in a band of wavelengths. Tens of thousands of cells can be quickly examined and the data gathered are processed by a computer. Flow cytometry is routinely used in basic research, clinical practice, and clinical trials. Uses for flow cytometry include: * Cell counting * Cell sorting * Determining cell characteristics and function * Detecting microorganisms * Biomarker detection * Protein engineering detection * Diagnosis of health disorders such as blood cancers * Measuring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue). Structure Definition While the terms ''mesenchymal stem cell'' (MSC) and ''marrow stromal cell'' have been used interchangeably for many years, neither term is sufficiently descriptive: * Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that is derived from the mesoderm and that differentiates into hematopoietic and connective tissue, whereas MSCs do not differentiate into hematopoietic cells. * Stromal cells are connective tissue cells that form the supportive structure in which the functional cells of the tissue reside. While this is an accurate description for one function of MSCs, the term fails to convey the relatively recently discove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microraft
A Microraft (Isoraft) is an arrays of microwells for cell sorting, isolating cells, analyzing cells over time, and generating clonal populations. This platform provides biomedical scientists with access to diverse cell culture surfaces with integrated, easy-to-use cell separating capabilities at low cost. Platform The microrafts have bases composed of detachable concave elements fabricated by a dip-coating process using a polydimethylsiloxane mold as the template and the array substrate. This manufacturing approach allows the microrafts to possess low autofluorescence and can therefore be utilized for fluorescence-based identification of cells. Cells plated on the microarray settle and attach at the center of the wells due to the microrafts’ concavity. Individual microrafts are dislodged using a needle inserted through the compliant polymer substrate. The hard polymer material of the microrafts protect the cells from damage by the needle. Cell analysis and isolation can be carr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells. This process is called haematopoiesis. In vertebrates, the very first definitive HSCs arise from the ventral endothelial wall of the embryonic aorta within the (midgestational) aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, through a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. In adults, haematopoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow, in the core of most bones. The red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the embryo called the mesoderm. Haematopoiesis is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced. It must balance enormous production needs (the average person produces more than 500 billion blood cells every day) with the need to regulate the number of each blood cell type in the circulation. In vertebrates, the vast majority of hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is derived from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and capable of extensive se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surface Acoustic Wave
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) is an acoustic wave traveling along the surface of a material exhibiting elasticity, with an amplitude that typically decays exponentially with depth into the material, such that they are confined to a depth of about one wavelength. Discovery SAWs were first explained in 1885 by Lord Rayleigh, who described the surface acoustic mode of propagation and predicted its properties in his classic paper. Named after their discoverer, Rayleigh waves have a longitudinal and a vertical shear component that can couple with any media like additional layers in contact with the surface. This coupling strongly affects the amplitude and velocity of the wave, allowing SAW sensors to directly sense mass and mechanical properties. The term 'Rayleigh waves' is often used synonymously with 'SAWs', although strictly speaking there are multiple types of surface acoustic waves, such as Love waves, which are polarised in the plane of the surface, rather than longitudinal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soft Lithography
In technology, soft lithography is a family of techniques for fabricating or replicating structures using "elastomeric stamps, molds, and conformable photomasks". It is called "soft" because it uses elastomeric materials, most notably PDMS. Soft lithography is generally used to construct features measured on the micrometer to nanometer scale. According to Rogers and Nuzzo (2005), development of soft lithography expanded rapidly from 1995 to 2005. Soft lithography tools are now commercially available. Types * PDMS stamp * Microcontact printing * Multilayer soft lithography Advantages Soft lithography has some unique advantages over other forms of lithography (such as photolithography and electron beam lithography). They include the following: *Lower cost than traditional photolithography in mass production *Well-suited for applications in biotechnology *Well-suited for applications in plastic electronics *Well-suited for applications involving large or nonplanar (nonflat) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD73
5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT), also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase or CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''NT5E'' gene. CD73 commonly serves to convert AMP to adenosine. Transcription factor binding sites NT5E contains binding sites for transcription factors AP-2, SMAD proteins, SP-1 and elements responsive to c-AMP , which can be found in c-AMP promoter parts. SMADs 2, 3, 4 and 5 and SP-1 are binding to the NT5E promoter in rats, as was proven in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Due to the fact, that the human and rat NT5E transcripts are 89% identical, human NT5E could be also regulated by SMAD proteins. Function Ecto-5-prime-nucleotidase (5-prime-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) catalyzes the conversion at neutral pH of purine 5-prime mononucleotides to nucleosides, the preferred substrate being AMP. The enzyme consists of a dimer of 2 identical 70-kD subunits bound by a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut De La Vision
Built in the heart of the Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital in Paris, France, the Vision Institute (French: Institut de la Vision) is one of the most important research centers ( Inserm / UPMC / CNRS) in Europe on eye diseases. The Institute's goal is to discover, develop and test treatments and technological innovations in the area ophthalmology and to improve the autonomy and the quality of life of patients. Research areas * Macular degeneration * Diabetic retinopathy * Glaucoma * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Retinal vein occlusion * Retinitis pigmentosa * Usher syndrome * Eye implants * Gene and cell therapies * High-resolution retinal imagery * Innovative technologies dedicated to visually impaired Basic research Vision Institute employs more than 250 scientists (Inserm - UPMC - CNRS) specialized in vision disorders. There are 4 research departments: * Developmental biology: analysis of the development of the visu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD133
CD133 antigen, also known as prominin-1, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the ''PROM1'' gene. It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins, which specifically localize to cellular protrusions. When embedded in the cell membrane, the membrane topology of prominin-1 is such that the N-terminus extends into the extracellular space and the C-terminus resides in the intracellular compartment. The protein consists of five transmembrane segments, with the first and second segments and the third and fourth segments connected by intracellular loops while the second and third as well as fourth and fifth transmembrane segments are connected by extracellular loops. While the precise function of CD133 remains unknown, it has been proposed that it acts as an organizer of cell membrane topology. Tissue distribution CD133 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, glioblastoma, neuronal and glial stem cells, various pediatric brain tum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low-affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identified in 1973 as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor. p75NTR is a neurotrophic factor receptor. Neurotrophic factor receptors bind Neurotrophins including Nerve growth factor, Neurotrophin-3, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Neurotrophin-4. All neurotrophins bind to p75NTR. This also includes the immature pro-neurotrophin forms. Neurotrophic factor receptors, including p75NTR, are responsible for ensuring a proper density to target ratio of developing neurons, refining broader maps in development into precise connections. p75NTR is involved in pathways that promote neuronal survival and neuronal death. Receptor family p75NTR is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. p75NTR/LNGFR was the first member of this large family of receptors to be characterized, that now contains about 25 receptors, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorescence Assisted Cell Sorting (FACS) A
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore a lower photon energy, than the absorbed radiation. A perceptible example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum (invisible to the human eye), while the emitted light is in the visible region; this gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can only be seen when the substance has been exposed to UV light. Fluorescent materials cease to glow nearly immediately when the radiation source stops, unlike phosphorescent materials, which continue to emit light for some time after. Fluorescence has many practical applications, including mineralogy, gemology, medicine, chemical sensors (fluorescence spectroscopy), fluorescent labelling, dyes, biological detectors, cosmic-ray detection, vacuum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miltenyi GmbH
Miltenyi Biotec is a global biotechnology company headquartered near Cologne in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. The company is a provider of products and services that support scientists, clinical researchers, and physicians across basic research, translational research, and clinical applications. The company offers solutions covering techniques of sample preparation, cell separation, cell sorting, flow cytometry, cell culture, molecular analysis, clinical applications and small animal imaging. Miltenyi Biotec has more than 3,000 employees in 28 countries and more than 17,000 products. Products Miltenyi Biotec products have been cited in more than 20,000 publications and used in more than 35.000 clinical treatments to date. Many of the publications that have cited Miltenyi Biotec products can be accessed through CiteAb, an antibody search engine which lists 4591 Miltenyi Biotec products. Miltenyi Biotec instruments, reagents and services support basic research, clinical research, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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