History
Newark was settled in 1666 byGeography
According to theNeighborhoods
Newark is the second-most racially diverse municipality in the state, behind neighboring Jersey City. It is divided into five political wards, which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central, and West Wards.Living Here: NeighborhoodsClimate
Newark lies in the transition between aDemographics
Newark had aRace and ethnicity
From the 1950s to 1967, Newark's non-Hispanic white population shrank from 363,000 to 158,000; its black population grew from 70,000 to 220,000. The percentage of non-Hispanic whites declined from 82.8% in 1950 to 11.6% by 2010.Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, KayReligion
Roughly 60% of Newarkers identified with a religion as of 2020. The largest Christian group in Newark is theEconomy
More than 100,000 people commute to Newark each workday, making it the state's largest employment center with many white-collar jobs in insurance, finance, import-export, healthcare, and government. As a major courthouse venue including federal, state, and county facilities, it is home to more than 1,000 law firms. The city is also a college town, with nearly 50,000 students attending the city's universities and medical and law schools. Its airport, maritime port, rail facilities, and highway network make Newark the busiestTechnology industry
Technology industry in Newark has grown significantly afterPort Newark
Port Newark is the part ofProperty taxes
In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $6,481, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $12,248 in Essex County and $8,767 statewide.Arts and culture
Architecture and sculptures
There are several notable Beaux-Arts buildings, such as the Veterans' Administration building,Performing arts
TheMuseums, libraries, and galleries
Newark Murals
Since 2009, the Newark Planning Office, in collaboration with local arts organizations, has sponsored ''Newark Murals'', and seen the creation of dozens of outdoor murals about significant people, places, and events in the city. The Portraits mural, a massive multi-artist painting the length of 25 football fields created in 2016, is the longest continuous mural on the East Coast, and the second longest in the country. Seventeen artists contributed sections to the mural, including Adrienne Wheeler, Akintola Hanif, David Oquendo, Don Rimx, El Decertor, GAIA, GERA, Kevin Darmanie, Khari Johnson-Ricks, Lunar New Year, Manuel Acevedo, Mata Ruda, Nanook, Nina Chanel Abney, Sonni, Tatyana Fazlalizadeh, WERC and Zeh Palito. "Portraits" begins roughly at the intersection of Poiner Street and McCarter Highway in the SouthFestivals and parades
Festivals and parades held annually or bi-annually include the Cherry Blossom Festival (April) inParks and recreation
Colonial commons
* Military Park in Downtown Newark, the town commons since 1869 and home to the ''Passaic River waterfront
*Newark Riverfront Park, Riverfront Park, which stretches along the Passaic River, includes the "Orange Boardwalk" & paths with views of the water. *Riverbank Park in theOther parks
*Golf and other recreational facilities
* Sharpe James/Kenneth A. Gibson (Ironbound) Recreation Center. *John F. Kennedy Recreation & Aquatic Center *Rotunda Recreation & Wellness Center *Marquis "Bo" Porter Recreation & Aquatic Center *Hayes Park West Recreation Center *Bradley Court Housing Complex * Weequahic Golf Course is an 18-hole public course. The facility was described in 2016 by the Golf Channel as a "hidden gem". Home to The First Tee Program of Essex County and golf pro Wiley Williams, who was one of the first African-American golfers to win a major New Jersey golf event and works to introduce city youth to the sport. * Jesse Allen Skateboard Park.Media
Newark is within the Media in New York City, metro New York media market.Newspapers
The state's leading newspaper, ''The Star-Ledger'', owned by Advance Publications, is based in Newark. The newspaper sold its headquarters in July 2014, with the offices of the publisher, the editorial board, columnists, and magazine relocating to the Gateway Center (Newark), Gateway Center. ''The Newark Targum'' is a weekly student newspaper published by the Targum Publishing Company for the student population of the Rutgers–Newark, Newark campus of Rutgers University.Other news outlets
*''TAP Into Newark'' is an online news site devoted to Newark * ''Newark Patch'' is a daily online news source dedicated to local Newark news. *''The Newarker'' is a quarterly journal about culture, history and society in Newark and surrounding areas. *''The Newark Times'' is an online news media platform dedicated to Newark lifestyle, events, and culture. * ''The Newark Metro'' covers metropolitan life from Newark to North Jersey to New York City and is a journalism project at Rutgers Newark. *''RLS Media'' covers breaking news from Newark and surrounding municipalities. * The City of Newark shares news and events via its official Twitter account. *''The Pod,'' developed by Black Owned New Jersey, is a weekly podcast that helps small businesses build, grow & maintain their business.Radio
Pioneer radio station WOR (AM), WOR was started by Bamberger's, Bamberger Broadcasting Service in 1922 and broadcast from studios at its retailer's downtown department store. Today the building serves telecom, Colocation centre, colocation, and computer support industries known as 165 Halsey Street. Radio station WJZ (now WABC (AM), WABC) made its first broadcast in 1921 from the Westinghouse plant near Broad Street Station. It moved to New York City in the 1920s. Radio station WNEW-AM (now WBBR) was founded in Newark in 1934 and later moved to New York City. WBGO, a National Public Radio affiliate with a format of standard and contemporary jazz, is at 54 Park Place in downtown Newark. WNSW AM-1430 (formerly WNJR) and WQXR-FM, WQXR (which was formerly WHBI and later WCAA) 105.9 FM are also licensed to Newark.Telephone
In 1915, the Bell System under ownership of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) tested newly developed panel switching technology in Newark when they cutover the telephone exchanges ''Mulberry'' and ''Waverly'' to semi-mechanical operation on January 16 and June 12, respectively. The Panel system was the Bell System solution to the ''big city'' problem, where an exchange had to serve large numbers of subscribers on both manual as well as automatically switched central offices, without negatively impacting established user convenience and reliability. As originally introduced in these exchanges, subscribers' telephones had no dials and customers continued to make calls by asking an operator to ring their called party, at which point the operator keyed the telephone number into the panel equipment, instead of making cord connections manually. Most Panel installations across the country were replaced by modern systems during the 1970s and the last Panel switch was decommissioned in the BIgelow central office in Newark in 1983.Television
New Jersey's first television station, WATV Channel 13, signed-on May 15, 1948, from studios at the Newark Symphony Hall, Mosque Theater known as the "Television Center Newark." The studios were home to WNTA-13 beginning in 1958 and WNJU-47 until 1989. WNET, a flagship station of the Public Broadcasting Service now on channel 13, and Spanish-language WFUT-TV Channel 68, a UniMás owned-and-operated station, are licensed to Newark. Tempo Networks, producing for the Caribbean, pan-Caribbean television market, is based in the city. NwkTV has been the city's government access channel since 2009 and broadcast as Channel 78 on Altice USA, Optimum. The company has a high-tech call center in Newark, employing over 500 people. PBS network NJTV's main broadcasting studios (NJTV is also a sister station of the Newark-licensed WNET) are also in the Gateway Center Office Complex.Film
Numerous movies, television programs, and music videos have been shot in Newark, its period architecture and its streetscape seen as an ideal "urban setting". The Television and film in New Jersey, Jersey Motion Picture and Television Commission is in the city. In 2011, the city created the Newark Office of Film and Television in order to promote the making of media productions. Some months earlier the Ironbound Film & Television Studios, the only "stay and shoot" facility in the metro area opened, its first production being ''Bar Karma''. In 2012 the city hosted the America's Got Talent (season 7), seventh season of the reality show competition ''America's Got Talent''. There have been several film and TV productions depicting life in Newark. ''Life of Crime'' was originally produced in 1988 and was followed by a 1998 sequel. ''New Jersey Drive'' is a 1995 film about the city when it was considered the "car theft capital of the world". ''Street Fight (film), Street Fight'' is an Academy Award-nominated documentary film which covered the 2002 mayoral election between incumbent Sharpe James and challenger Cory Booker. In 2009, the Sundance Channel (United States), Sundance Channel aired ''Brick City (TV series), Brick City'', a five-part television documentary about Newark, focusing on the community's attempt to become a better and safer place to live, against a history of nearly a half century of violence, poverty and official corruption. The second season premiered January 30, 2011. ''Revolution '67'' is a documentary which examines the causes and events of the 1967 Newark riots. The HBO television series ''The Sopranos'' filmed many of its scenes in Newark, and is partially based on the life of Newark mobster Richard Boiardo. ''The Once and Future Newark'' (2006) is a documentary travelogue about places of cultural, social and historical significance by Rutgers History Professor Clement Alexander Price, Clement Price. Also: * ''The Many Saints of Newark'', a ''Sopranos'' prequel by David Chase set in the late 1960s. *''The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace'' (in development). A film adaptation that has been attached to director Antoine Fuqua and his writing partner Jamal Joseph * ''Heart of Stone (2009 film), Heart of Stone'' (2009) on white flight in the heavily Jewish Weequahic, Newark, Weequahic section and Weequahic High School. Produced by Zach Braff. *''Joker (2019 film), Joker'' The Newark International Film Festival is an annual event that hosts screenings, workshops and stunt exhibitions in Newark since 2015.Lionsgate Newark
In 2022, the city announced that a major new film and television production studio overlooking Weequahic Park and Weequahic Golf Course, to be called "Lionsgate Newark," would open in 2024 on the 15-acre former Seth Boyden housing projects site at 101 Center Terrace in the Dayton, Newark, Dayton section of the city near Evergreen Cemetery (Hillside, New Jersey), Evergreen Cemetery. Lionsgate Newark will partner on public relations and community affairs with theSports
Newark has hosted many teams, though much of the time without an Major League Baseball, MLB, National Basketball Association, NBA, National Hockey League, NHL, or National Football League, NFL team in the city proper. Currently, the city is home to just one, the NHL's New Jersey Devils. As the second-largest city in theGovernment
Local
The city is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Faulkner Act (mayor–council), Mayor-Council Plan C form of local government, which became effective as of July 1, 1954, after the voters of the city of Newark passed a referendum held on November 3, 1953.''2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book'', Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125. The city is one of 79 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the City Council, who are elected concurrently on a non-partisan democracy, non-partisan basis to four-year terms of office at the May municipal election. The mayor is direct election, directly elected by the residents of Newark. The city council is comprised of nine members, with one council member from each of the city's five ward (United States), wards and four council members who are elected on an at-large basis.City CouncilFederal, state, and county
Newark is split between the 8th and 10th Congressional DistrictsPlan Components ReportPolitics
On the national level, Newark leans strongly toward the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party. As of March 23, 2011, out of a 2010 census population of 277,140 in Newark, there were 136,785 registered voters (66.3% of the 2010 population ages 18 and over of 206,253, vs. 77.7% in all of Essex County of the 589,051 ages 18 and up) of which 68,393 (50.0% vs. 45.9% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,548 (2.6% vs. 9.9% countywide) were registered as Republican Party (United States), Republicans, 64,812 (47.4% vs. 44.1% countywide) were registered as Unaffiliated (New Jersey), Unaffiliated and there were 30 voters registered to other parties. In the United States presidential election in New Jersey, 2008, 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 90.8% of the vote (77,112 ballots cast), ahead of Republican John McCain who received 7.0% of the vote (5,957 votes), with 84,901 of the city's 140,946 registered voters participating, for a turnout of 60.2% of registered voters. In the United States presidential election in New Jersey, 2012, 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 95.0% of the vote (78,352 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 4.7% (3,852 votes), and other candidates with 0.4% (298 votes), among the 82,030 ballots cast by the city's 145,059 registered voters for a turnout of 56.5%. In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 90.7% of the vote (69,042 cast); Republican Donald Trump received 6.7% of the vote (5,094 cast); and other candidates received 1.5% of the vote (1,139 cast). In the New Jersey gubernatorial election, 2013, 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 80.8% of the vote (29,039 cast), ahead of RepublicanPolitical corruption
Newark has been marred with political corruption throughout the years. Five of the previous seven mayors of Newark have been indicted on criminal charges, including the three mayors before Cory Booker: Hugh Joseph Addonizio, Hugh Addonizio, Kenneth A. Gibson, Kenneth Gibson and Sharpe James. As reported by ''Newsweek'': "... every mayor since 1962 (except one, Cory Booker) has been indicted for crimes committed while in office". Addonizio was mayor of Newark from 1962 to 1970. A son of Italian immigrants, a tailor and World War II veteran, he ran on a reform platform, defeating the incumbent, Leo Carlin, whom, ironically, Addonizio characterized as corrupt and a part of the political machine of the era. In December 1969, Addonizio and nine present or former officials of the municipal administration in Newark were indicted by a Federal grand jury; five other persons were also indicted. In July 1970, the former mayor, and four other defendants, were found guilty by a Federal jury on 64 counts each, one of conspiracy and 63 of extortion. In September 1970, Addonizio was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and fined $25,000 by Federal Judge George H. Barlow for his role in a plot that involved the extortion of $1.5 million in kickbacks, a crime that the judge said "tore at the very heart of our civilized society and our form of representative government". His successor was Kenneth Gibson, the city's first African American mayor, elected in 1970. He pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion in 2002 as part of a plea agreement on fraud and bribery charges. During his tenure as mayor in 1980, Gibson was tried and acquitted of giving out no-show jobs by an Essex County jury. Sharpe James, who defeated Gibson in 1986 and declined to run for a sixth term in 2006, was indicted on 33 counts of Conspiracy (crime), conspiracy, mail fraud, and wire fraud by a federal grand jury sitting in Newark. The grand jury charged James with spending $58,000 on city-owned credit cards for personal gain and orchestrating a scheme to sell city-owned land at below-market prices to his companion, who immediately re-sold the land to developers and gained a profit of over $500,000. James pleaded not guilty on 25 counts at his initial court appearance on July 12, 2007. On April 17, 2008, James was found guilty for his role in the conspiring to rig land sales at nine city-owned properties for personal gain. The former mayor was sentenced to serve up to 27 months in prison, and was released on April 6, 2010, for good behavior.Education
Colleges and universities
Newark is the home of multiple institutions of higher education, including: a Berkeley College campus, the main campus ofPublic schools
In the 2013–2017 American Community Survey, 13.6% of Newark residents ages 25 and over had never attended high school and 12.5% didn't graduate from high school, while 74.1% had graduated from high school, including the 14.4% who had earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The total school enrollment in Newark was 77,097 in the 2013–2017 ACS, with nursery and preschool enrollment of 7,432, elementary / high school (K–12) enrollment of 49,532 and total college / graduate school enrollment of 20,133. The Newark Public Schools, a state-operated school district, is the largest school system in New Jersey. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in ''Abbott v. Burke'' which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority. As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 65 schools, had an enrollment of 40,423 students and 2,886.5 classroom teachers (on an full-time equivalent, FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1.District information for Newark Public School DistrictPrivate schools
The city hosts three high schools as part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark: the coeducational Christ the King Preparatory School (New Jersey), Christ The King Prep, founded in 2007, is part of the Cristo Rey Network, Cristo Rey Community; Saint Benedict's Preparatory School is an all-boys Roman Catholic high school founded in 1868 and conducted by the Order of Saint Benedict, Benedictine monks of Newark Abbey, whose campus has grown to encompass both sides of MLK Jr. Blvd. near Market Street and includes a dormitory for boarding students; and Saint Vincent Academy which is an all-girls Roman Catholic high school founded and sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth and operated continuously since 1869. Link Community School is a non-denominational coeducational day school that serves approximately 128 students in seventh and eighth grades. The Newark Boys Chorus School was founded in the 1960s. University Heights Charter School, which opened in 2006, taught 614 students in grades Pre-K–8 in 2014–2015.Public safety
Emergency Medical Services
University Hospital EMS (UH-EMS) operates the EMS system for the city. The department operates a fleet of six BLS units staffed with two EMTs 24/7, supplemented by four 12-hour "power" units (operated during peak demand time hours), five ALS units staffed with two paramedics (one of which is stationed at Newark International Airport and covers the airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth, and frequently responds into the City of Elizabeth), and a critical care unit staffed by a paramedic and an RN. With distinction they also staff the only hospital based heavy rescue truck in the country, known as University EMS Rescue 1. The EMS system is one of the busiest systems per unit in the nation. On average, a BLS unit may be sent to 20–25 dispatches in a 12-hour shift. They also provide the medical staffing for Northstar and Southstar, which are the two NJ State Police medevac helicopters, staffing one flight nurse and a flight medic around the clock. The EMS system in Newark handles upwards of 125,000 requests for service annually. The Ironbound Volunteer Ambulance Squad helps by handling BLS calls in the East Ward when members are on duty and has been in operation since 1969. The Vailsburg Volunteer Rescue Squad helps by handling BLS calls in the West Ward when members are on duty and has been in operation since 2019.Fire department
The city is protected by more than 700 full-time, paid firefighters of the Newark Fire Department (NFD). Founded in 1863, the NFD operates out of 16 firehouses throughout the city that are organized into 4 firefighting battalions (Battalions 1,3,4, and 5), with each Battalion Chief under the command of a deputy chief/tour commander. There is also a Safety Battalion Chief, Battalion 2, and a Special Operations Battalion Chief, Battalion 6, on duty 24/7. The NFD operates 16 engine companies, 8 ladder companies, 1 rescue company, an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Collapse Rescue Unit (Rescue 2), a USAR Collapse Rescue Shoring Unit, 2 fire boats, a scuba diving unit, a mobile medical ambulance bus, an air cascade unit, a foam unit, a quick attack response vehicle (QRV 1), a mobile command unit, 3 Dangerous goods, HazMat units, and numerous special, support, and reserve units. The NFD responds to approximately 45,000 emergency calls annually. In 2006, the NFD responded to 2,681 fire and hazardous condition calls. The department is a member of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which is composed of nine North Jersey fire departments.Law enforcement
The Newark Police Department (New Jersey), Newark Police Department is a city-operated law enforcement agency. As of January 2014, the force had 1,006 officers in its ranks. The Director of Public Safety is Brian A. O’Hara. The Essex County Sheriff's Office, the New Jersey Transit Police Department (headquartered in Penn Plaza East) and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department are also within their Jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction in the city, as are the New Jersey State Police. In April 2014, it was announced that the State Police would play a more prominent role in patrolling the streets of the city under the "TIDE-TAG" program. TheCrime
In 1996, ''Money (magazine), Money'' magazine ranked Newark "The Most Dangerous City in the Nation." By 2007, the city recorded a total of 99 homicides for the year, representing a significant drop from the record of 161 murders set in 1981. The number of murders in 2008 dropped to 65, a decline of 30% from the previous year and the lowest in the city since 2002 when there were also 65 murders.Schweber, NateWater contamination
In Newark, lead concentrations in water accumulated for several years in the 2010s as a result of inaccurate testing and poor leadership. Newark's problem came from a negligence of officials who the city relied on to ensure clean water. The decrease in the quality of the water was due to several factors that were all somewhat interconnected. Lead service line, Lead service pipes that carry water were installed in Newark. When this was realized, the city had CDM Smith, a construction company that specializes in water systems, conduct a study to determine whether or not the water quality was safe enough to drink. The results revealed that the water was in fact safe to drink, but the results were severely skewed. This is because the city receives water from two water supplies: the Pequannock Treatment Plant and the Wanaque Treatment Plant. In some sampling rounds, only areas served by Pequannock were sampled, and in other rounds, only areas served by Wanaque were sampled, and each had different contaminant control systems in place that varied in their effectiveness. The Pequannock supply uses pH adjustments and Sodium silicate, silica for its corrosion control method, which worked for two decades before losing its effectiveness in 2016, while the Wanaque supply uses orthophosphate, a much more effective precaution.Corosanti, Nick; Kilgannon, Corey; and Schwartz, JohnInfrastructure
Transportation
Newark is a hub of air, road, rail, and ship traffic, making it a significant gateway into theEarly modes of transport
The Morris Canal, stretching to Newark from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, Phillipsburg on the Delaware River, was completed in 1831 and allowed coal and other industrial and agricultural products fromRoads and highways
, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Essex County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Newark is served by numerous highways including the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95 in New Jersey, Interstate 95), Interstate 280, Interstate 78, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Route 1/9, U.S. Route 22, and Route 21 (New Jersey), Route 21. Newark is connected to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan by the Pulaski Skyway, spanning both the Passaic River, Passaic and Hackensack Rivers, which was first constructed in 1938 and recently underwent a $900 million renovation project. Local streets in Newark conform to a quasi-grid form, with major streets radiating outward (like spokes on a wheel) from the downtown area. Some major roads in the city are named after the towns to which they lead, including South Orange Avenue, Springfield Avenue, and Bloomfield Avenue, as well as Broadway, which had been renamed from Belleville Avenue. In a city extensively served by mass transit, 44.2% of Newark residents did not have a car as of the 2000 Census, ranked second in the U.S. to New York City in the proportion of households List of U.S. cities with most households without a car, without an automobile among cities with more than 250,000 people. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the number of households without an automobile has decreased to 39.2%. The same year, the average Newark household owned .89 cars compared to a national average of 1.8 cars per household.Public transportation
Modal characteristics
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 53.7% of working city of Newark residents commuted by driving alone, 9.3% carpooled, 27.3% used public transportation, and 6.5% walked. About 5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 5.7% of working Newark residents worked at home.Healthcare
Newark is home to five hospitals. University Hospital (Newark, New Jersey), University Hospital, an independent institution that is a teaching hospital of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, has been the busiest Level I trauma center in the state.International relations
The Diplomatic missions of Ecuador, Consulate-General of Ecuador in New Jersey is at 400 Market Street. The Diplomatic missions of Portugal, Consulate-General of Portugal in Newark is at the main floor of the Newark Legal Center at One Riverfront Plaza. The List of diplomatic missions of Colombia, Consulate-General of Colombia is at 550 Broad Street. The Diplomatic missions of Italy, Vice Consulate of Italy was at 1 Gateway Center (Newark), Gateway Center, until it was closed in 2014 for economic reasons. Pope John Paul II visited the city in 1995, at which time he elevated the city's cathedral to a Basilicas in the Catholic Church, basilica to become the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Newark, New Jersey, Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart. In 2011, the Dalai Lama was guest of honor at the Newark Peace Education Summit.Twin towns—sister cities
Newark has 15 twin towns and sister cities, sister cities listed by Sister Cities International in 2022: * Aveiro, Portugal, Aveiro, Portugal * Banjul, Gambia * Belo Horizonte, Brazil * Douala, Cameroon * Freeport, Bahamas, Freeport, Bahamas * Ganja, Azerbaijan, Ganja, Azerbaijan * Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Governador Valadares, Brazil * Kumasi, Ghana * Monrovia, Liberia * Porto Alegre, Brazil * Reserva, Paraná, Reserva, Brazil * Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Seia, Portugal * Umuaka, Nigeria * Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China Other sources list additional sister cities: * Castlerea, Ireland * Cuenca, Ecuador * Kinshasa * Loja Canton, Olmedo Canton, Loja, Alausi, Ecuador * Macará, Ecuador * Machala Ecuador * Ribeira, Galicia, Ribeira, Spain * Quijos Canton, Quijos, Ecuador (a canton, not a municipality)Notable people
See also
* Halsey Street (Newark) * List of mayors of Newark, New Jersey * List of tallest buildings in Newark * Municipal Council of NewarkReferences
Footnotes
Further reading
* * * * Rabig, Julia. ''The Fixers: Devolution, Development, and Civil Society in Newark, 1960–1990''. (U of Chicago Press, 2016). viii, 333 pp * *External links
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