Neogastropoda is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

of sea snails, both freshwater and

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

Description

The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an

Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Pro ...

origin of the group followed by two rapid diversification rounds in the late Cretaceous and the Paleocene. These sea snails only have one auricle, one kidney and one monopectinate gill, i.e. the gill filaments develop on only one side of the central axis. The shell has a well-developed

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...

. The elongated trunk-like

siphon A siphon (from grc, σίφων, síphōn, "pipe, tube", also spelled nonetymologically syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes. In a narrower sense, the word refers particularly to a tube in a ...

is an extensible tube, formed from a fold in the

mantle A mantle is a piece of clothing, a type of cloak. Several other meanings are derived from that. Mantle may refer to: *Mantle (clothing), a cloak-like garment worn mainly by women as fashionable outerwear **Mantle (vesture), an Eastern Orthodox ve ...

. It is used to suck water into the mantle cavity. At the base of the siphon is the bipectinate (branching from a central axis) osphradium, a sensory receptacle and

olfactory The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste. In humans, it ...

organ, that is more developed than the one in the Mesogastropoda. They achieved important morphological changes including e.g., the elongation of the

, a shift in the mouth opening to a terminal position on the head, and the formation of a well-developed proboscis. The nervous system is very concentrated. Many species have the

ganglia A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. In the somatic nervous system this includes dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia among a few others. In the autonomic nervous system there are both sympatheti ...

in a compact space. The rachiglossate (rasp-like)

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

, a layer of serially arranged teeth within the mouth, has only three denticles (small teeth) in each transverse row. The Neogastropoda have separate sexes. There are about 16,000 species. Neogastropoda includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails,

conch Conch () is a common name of a number of different medium-to-large-sized sea snails. Conch shells typically have a high spire and a noticeable siphonal canal (in other words, the shell comes to a noticeable point at both ends). In North Am ...

s, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. The Neogastropoda all live in the sea, except '' Clea'', and ''

Rivomarginella ''Rivomarginella'' is a genus of freshwater snails, gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. ''Rivomarginella'' is the only freshwater genus in the marine family Marginellidae. Distribution They are native to Southeas ...

'' that are freshwater genera. The neogastropods are most diverse in tropical seas. They are mostly predators, but some are

saprophagous Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ...

(scavengers).

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the clade Neogastropoda consists of these superfamilies: * Buccinoidea Rafinesque, 1815 * Conoidea Fleming, 1822 * Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851: since 2017 treated as the superfamily

Volutoidea Volutoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Volutoidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: h ...

Rafinesque, 1815 *

Mitroidea Mitroidea is a superfamily of Recent and fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the order Neogastropoda.MolluscaBase (2018). Mitroidea Swainson, 1831. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.o ...

Swainson, 1831 : added in 2017 * Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815 * Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 * † Cossmann, 1896 *

Pseudolivoidea Olivoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of minute to medium-large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Neogastropoda.MolluscaBase (2018). Olivoidea Latreille, 1825. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: ...

(de Gregorio, 1880): since 2017 treated as a synonym of the superfamily Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 *

Turbinelloidea Turbinelloidea is a superfamily of sea snails in the order Neogastropoda. It comprises the following families:MolluscaBase (2018). Turbinelloidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies. ...

Rafinesque, 1815 *

Rafinesque, 1815 When Neogastropoda was an order, it was placed within the prosobranch

s according to the taxonomy developed by

Thiele Thiele is a German-language surname. Geographical distribution As of 2014, 78.0% of all known bearers of the surname ''Thiele'' were residents of Germany, 10.9% of the United States, 2.3% of Australia, 2.0% of Brazil, 1.0% of Canada and 1.0% of Sou ...

(1921). The families which used to form the order Neogastropoda are now included in the clade Neogastropoda Cox, 1960. Ever since Thiele (1929), Neogastropoda have been considered a natural group, clearly differentiated from other Caenogastropoda. The monophyly of the group is widely accepted among morphologists, and it is based on several

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...

mostly related with the anatomy of the

digestive system The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller compone ...

. Current classifications of Neogastropoda generally recognize up to six superfamilies: Buccinoidea, Muricoidea, Olivoidea, Pseudolivoidea, Conoidea, and Cancellarioidea. Phylogenetic relationships among neogastropod superfamilies based on morphological characters are rather unstable, and for instance, Cancellarioidea or BuccinoideaPonder W. F., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Nützel A., Simone L. R. L. & Strong E. (2008). ''Caenogastropoda''. In: Ponder W. F., Lindberg D. R. ''Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca''. Berkeley, University of California Press, 331-383. have been alternatively proposed as the sister group of the remaining Neogastropoda.

Families

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the taxonomy of clade Neogastropoda is as follows: *Unassigned to a superfamily ** † Family

Johnwyattiidae Johnwyattiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). ...

** † Family

Perissityidae Perissityidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropo ...

** † Family

Sarganidae Sarganidae is an extinct family of Cretaceous-aged predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The ava ...

** † Family

Speightiidae Speightiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastrop ...

** † Family

Taiomidae Taiomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The availa ...

** † Family

Weeksiidae †Weeksiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). A ...

*Superfamily Buccinoidea **Family

Belomitridae The Belomitridae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Belomitridae Kantor, Puillandre, Rivasseau & Bouchet, 2012. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http:// ...

Kantor, Puillandre, Rivasseau & Bouchet, 2012 **Family Buccinidae **Family

Busyconidae The Busyconidae are taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Busyconidae Wade, 1917 (1867). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. ...

Wade, 1917 (1867) **Family

Colubrariidae Colubrariidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Bouchet, P. (2010). Colubrariidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Access ...

**Family Columbellidae ** † Family Petuch, 1994 **Family Fasciolariidae **Family Melongenidae **Family

Nassariidae The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (USA), or dog whelks (UK), are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. "Dog whelk" also refers to ''Nucella lapillus''. Shell description T ...

* Superfamily

Swainson, 1831 **Family

Charitodoronidae Charitodoronidae, known as mitre shells, are a taxonomic family of sea snails, widely distributed marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Mitroidea Mitroidea is a superfamily of Recent and fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within t ...

Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018 **Family Mitridae **Family

Pyramimitridae Pyramimitridae, known as mitre shells, are a taxonomic family of sea snails, widely distributed marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Mitroidea.MolluscaBase (2020). MolluscaBase. Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901. Accessed through: World Reg ...

Cossmann, 1901 *Superfamily Muricoidea **Family Muricidae **Family

Babyloniidae Babyloniidae is a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks unassigned within the superfamily Neogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Babyloniidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. Accessed through: World R ...

**Family

Costellariidae Costellariidae sometimes called the "ribbed miters" is a taxonomic family of minute to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This family of snails is also sometimes referred to as ''Vexillum'' miters. The main family o ...

**Family

Cystiscidae Cystiscidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. Description The shell is minute to large, either white, uniformly colored, or patterned; the surface is smooth, sculptured, or axially costate; ...

**Family Harpidae **Family Marginellidae ** † Family

Pholidotomidae Pholidotomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil predatory sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic c ...

**Family Pleioptygmatidae **Family Strepsiduridae **Family Turbinellidae **Family Volutidae **Family

Volutomitridae Volutomitridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, in the superfamily Turbinelloidea. Distribution The highest diversity of Volutomitridae is found off the coast of New Caledonia. Genera The family Volutomitridae contain ...

*Superfamily Olivoidea **Family Olividae **Family Olivellidae *Superfamily

: since 2017 treated as a synonym of the superfamily Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 **Family Pseudolividae **Family

Ptychatractidae Ptychatractidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Turbinelloidea.Kantor, Y. (2014). Ptychatractidae Stimpson, 1865. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...

*Superfamily Conoidea **Family

Conidae Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...

**Family Clavatulidae **Family Drilliidae **Family

Pseudomelatomidae Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatomina ...

**Family

Strictispiridae Strictispiridae is a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...

**Family Terebridae **Family

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

*Superfamily Cancellarioidea: since 2017 treated as the superfamily

Rafinesque, 1815 **Family

Cancellariidae Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. Some of the shells of the species in this family resemble a nutmeg seed. Di ...

References

This article incorporates CC BY 2.0 text from the reference.Cunha R. L., Grande C. & Zardoya R. (23 August 2009). "Neogastropod phylogenetic relationships based on entire mitochondrial genomes". '' BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2009, 9: 210. 10.1186/1471-2148-9-210 * Bandel, K. & Dockery, D.T. III (2012): Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. – Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 542 psf (20): 93-128, pls. 1-5.

External links

Neogastropod Tree of Life
* Crame J. A. (2013). "Early Cenozoic Differentiation of Polar Marine Faunas". '' PLoS ONE'' 8(1): e54139. {{Taxonbar, from=Q980146 Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances Protostome unranked clades