The NATO Integrated Air Defense System (short: NATINADS) is a

command and control Command and control (abbr. C2) is a "set of organizational and technical attributes and processes ... hatemploys human, physical, and information resources to solve problems and accomplish missions" to achieve the goals of an organization or en ...

network combining radars and other facilities spread throughout the

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

alliance's

air defence Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...

forces. It formed in the mid-1950s and became operational in 1962 as NADGE. It has been constantly upgraded since its formation, notably with the integration of

Airborne Early Warning Airborne or Airborn may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Airborne'' (1962 film), a 1962 American film directed by James Landis * ''Airborne'' (1993 film), a comedy–drama film * ''Airborne'' (1998 film), an action film sta ...

aircraft in the 1970s. The

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

maintained its own network, but was fully integrated with the network since the introduction of the

Linesman/Mediator Linesman/Mediator was a dual-purpose civil and military radar network in the United Kingdom between the 1960s and 1984. The military side (Linesman) was replaced by the Improved United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment (IUKADGE), while the ...

network in the 1970s. Similarly, the German network maintained an independent nature through GEADGE.

Development

Development was approved by the NATO Military Committee in December 1955. The system was to be based on four air defense regions (ADRs) coordinated by

SACEUR The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). The commander is ...

(Supreme Allied Commander Europe). Starting from 1956 early warning coverage was extended across

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

using 18 radar stations. This part of the system was completed by 1962. Linked to existing national radar sites the coordinated system was called the NATO Air Defence Ground Environment (NADGE). From 1960 NATO countries agreed to place all their air defence forces under the command of SACEUR in the event of war. These forces included command & control (C2) systems, radar installations, and Surface-to-Air (SAM) missile units as well as interceptor aircraft. By 1972 NADGE was converted into NATINADS consisting of 84 radar sites and associated Control Reporting Centers (CRC) and in the 1980s the Airborne Early Warning / Ground Environment Integration Segment (AEGIS) upgraded the NATINADS with the possibility to integrate the AWACS radar picture and all of its information into its visual displays. (NOTE: This AEGIS is not to be confused with the U.S.Navy

AEGIS The aegis ( ; grc, αἰγίς ''aigís''), as stated in the ''Iliad'', is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a d ...

, a shipboard fire control radar and weapons system.) AEGIS processed the information through Hughes H5118ME computers, which replaced the H3118M computers installed at NADGE sites in the late 1960s and early 1970s. NATINADS ability to handle data increased with faster clock rates. The H5118M computer had a staggering 1 megabyte of memory and could handle 1.2 million instructions per second while the former model had a memory of only 256 kilobytes and a clock speed of 150,000 instructions per seconds. NATINADS/AEGIS were complemented, in West Germany by the German Air Defence Ground Environment (GEADGE), an updated radar network adding the southern part of Germany to the European system and Coastal Radar Integration System (CRIS), adding data links from Danish coastal radars. In order to counter the hardware obsolescence, during the mid-1990s NATO started the AEGIS Site Emulator (ASE) program allowing the NATINADS/AEGIS sites to replace the proprietary hardware (the 5118ME computer and the various operator consoles IDM-2, HMD-22, IDM-80) with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) servers and workstations. In the first years 2000, the initial ASE capability was expanded with the possibility to run, thanks to the new hardware power, multiple site emulators on the same hardware, so the system was renamed into Multi-AEGIS Site Emulator (MASE). The NATO system designed to replace MASE in the near future is the

Air Command and Control System Air Command and Control System (ACCS) is the NATO project planned to replace the NATO Air Command and Control Systems of the nineties. At the highest level it comprised the Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) from which the air battle is run. ...

(ACCS). Because of changing politics, NATO expanding and financial crises most European (NATO) countries are trying to cut defence budgets; as a direct result, many obsolete and outdated NATINADS facilities are phased out earlier. As of 2013, operational NATO radar sites in Europe are as follows:

Allied Air Command

Allied Air Command The Allied Air Command (AIRCOM) is the central command of all NATO air and space forces and the Commander Allied Air Command is the prime air and space advisor to the Alliance. When directed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), it pro ...

(AIRCOM) is the central command of all

air force An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an a ...

s on the European continent. The command is based at

Ramstein Air Base Ramstein Air Base or Ramstein AB is a United States Air Force base in Rhineland-Palatinate, a state in southwestern Germany. It serves as headquarters for the United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA) and also ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

and has two subordinate commands in Germany and Spain. The

Royal Canadian Air Force The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; french: Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environm ...

and United States Air Force fall under command of the

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

/American

North American Aerospace Defense Command North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD ), known until March 1981 as the North American Air Defense Command, is a combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection ...

. *

, at

, Germany ** CAOC Torrejón, at

Torrejón Air Base Torrejón Air Base (Base Aérea de Torrejón de Ardoz) is both a major Spanish Air and Space Force base and the co-located Madrid–Torrejón Airport, a secondary civilian airport for the city and metropolitan area of Madrid, east-northeast of th ...

, Spain - responsible for the airspace South of the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

*** Albania: Air Surveillance Centre, at

Tirana International Airport Tirana ( , ; aln, Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea ...

*** Bulgaria: Air Sovereignty Operations Centre, in

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...

*** Croatia: Airspace Surveillance Centre, in

Podvornica Podvornica is a village in Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = ...

*** Greece: Air Operations Centre, at

Larissa Air Base Larissa State Airport "Thessaly" ( el, Κρατικός Αερολιμένας Λάρισσας "Θεσσαλία") was built in 1912. It was the commercial airport of Larissa until 1997 when it closed for civilian traffic. Currently the airport ...

*** Italy: National Air and Space Operations Centre, in

Poggio Renatico Poggio Renatico ( Poggese: ; Ferrarese: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northeast of Bologna and about southwest of Ferrara. Poggio Renatico borders on the follow ...

*** Montenegro: Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre, at

Podgorica Airport Podgorica Airport ( cnr, Аеродром Подгорица, Aerodrom Podgorica, ) is an international airport serving the Montenegrin capital of Podgorica and the surrounding region. It is one of two international airports in Montenegro, the ...

*** Portugal: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Monsanto The Monsanto Company () was an American agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation founded in 1901 and headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Monsanto's best known product is Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide, developed in th ...

*** Romania: Air Operations Center, in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

*** Slovenia: Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik *** Spain: Air Operations Centre, in Torrejón **** Central Command and Control Group, at Torrejón Air Base **** Northern Command and Control Group, at

Zaragoza Air Base Zaragoza Air Base is a base of the Spanish Air and Space Force located near Zaragoza, Spain. It is located west of Zaragoza, west of Barcelona, and northeast of Madrid. It shares infrastructure with the Zaragoza Airport. in the past, Zaragoza ...

*** Turkey: Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel ** CAOC Uedem, in Uedem, Germany - responsible for the airspace North of the

***

Baltic Air Surveillance Network Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) is an air defense radar network operated by the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Structure The Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) is one of the commands within the NATO Integra ...

- Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre, in

Karmėlava Karmėlava is a small town in Kaunas County in central Lithuania. In 2011 it had a population of 1,395. The town of Karmėlava is located north east of Kaunas and near the second-busiest civil airport in Lithuania, Kaunas International Airpor ...

**** Estonia: Air Operations Control Centre, at

Ämari Air Base Ämari Air Base is a military airbase in Harjumaa, Estonia located south of Lake Klooga and southwest of Tallinn. History Ämari Air Base was built between 1940–1952 under an agreement signed by the Estonian SSR and the Soviet Union. In 19 ...

**** Latvia: Air Operations Centre, at

Lielvārde Air Base Lielvārde is a military air base in Rembate Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is located north of Lielvārde and southeast of Riga. It was built in 1969 for an attack aircraft regiment. In spring 1980, the 899th F ...

**** Lithuania: Airspace Control Centre, in

*** Belgium: Control and Reporting Centre, at

Beauvechain Air Base Beauvechain Air Base is a Belgian Air Component military airfield in Belgium, located south of Beauvechain in Wallonia (Walloon Brabant Province); east-southeast of Brussels. It is home to the 1st Wing, operating A109BA helicopters, and the ...

*** Czech Republic: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Hlavenec Hlavenec is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. Sights The most important monument is the memorial of Emperor Charles VI made by Matthias Braun ...

*** Denmark: Control and Reporting Centre, at

Karup Air Base Air Base Karup is the main air base of the Royal Danish Air Force. It is situated within Midtjyllands Airport, 3 km west of Karup in mid-Jutland. The air base covers 3000 hectares of land of which only a third is inside the operational area ...

*** France: Control and Reporting Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Germany: Air Operations Centre, in Uedem **** Control and Reporting Centre 2, in

Erndtebrück Erndtebrück is a municipality in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Location Erndtebrück situated on the river Eder in the Rothaargebirge, approx. 20 km northeast of Siegen. Neighbouring com ...

**** Control and Reporting Centre 3, in

Schönewalde Schönewalde is a town in the Elbe-Elster district, in southwestern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 30 km south of Luckenwalde, and 40 km east of Wittenberg. History From 1815 to 1944, Schönewalde was part of the Prussian Province ...

*** Hungary: Air Operations Centre, in

Veszprém Veszprém (; german: Weißbrunn, sl, Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county (comitatus or 'megye') of ...

*** Iceland: Control and Reporting Centre, at

Keflavik Air Base Naval Air Station Keflavik (NASKEF) was a United States Navy station at Keflavík International Airport, Iceland, located on the Reykjanes peninsula on the south-west portion of the island. NASKEF was closed on 8 September 2006, and its facilitie ...

*** Luxembourg: airspace controlled by Belgium's Control and Reporting Centre, at Beauvechain Air Base *** Netherlands: Control and Reporting Centre, in Nieuw-Milligen *** Norway: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Sørreisa Sørreisa ( sme, Ráisavuona suohkan) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sørreisa. Other villages include Grunnreisa, Skøelva, and Smørsgård. The municip ...

*** Poland: Air Operations Centre, in Warsaw- Pyry **** 22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec **** 32nd Command and Control Centre, in Balice *** Slovakia: Air Operations Centre, at Sliač Air Base *** United Kingdom: Control and Reporting Centre, at

RAF Boulmer Royal Air Force Boulmer or RAF Boulmer is a Royal Air Force station near Alnwick in Northumberland, England, and is home to Aerospace Surveillance and Control System (ASACS) Force Command, Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) Boulmer. The Scho ...

Radar stations

Albania

The

Albanian Air Force The Albanian Air Force ( sq, Forca Ajrore e Republikës së Shqipërisë - Air Force of the Republic of Albania) is the air force of Albania and one of the branches of the Albanian Armed Forces. History Early history In 1914 the governmen ...

operates

Lockheed Martin The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American aerospace, arms, defense, information security, and technology corporation with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995. It ...

AN/TPS-77 The AN/FPS-117 is an L-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) 3-dimensional air search radar first produced by GE Aerospace in 1980 and now part of Lockheed Martin. The system offers instrumented detection at ranges on the order of and ...

radars.

Belgium

The

Belgian Air Component The Belgian Air Component ( nl, Luchtcomponent, french: Composante air) is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces, and until January 2002 it was officially known as the Belgian Air Force ( nl, Belgische Luchtmacht; french: Force aérienne belg ...

's Control and Reporting Centre was based at

Glons Glons (; ) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Bassenge, located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Glons is a significant site in that it is the home of the NATO Programming Centre The NATO Programming Centre (NPC) is ...

, where also its main radar was located. The radar was deactivated in 2015 and the Centre moved to Beauvechain Air Base in 2020. The Belgian Control and Reporting Centre reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany and is also responsible for guarding the airspace of

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

. At the new location the Control and Reporting Centre uses digital radar data of the civilian radars of

Belgocontrol or nl, Regie der Luchtwegen (1946–1998) , type = Autonomous public company , ISIN = , industry = Aviation , fate = , predecessor = , successor = , founded = in Brussels, Belgium , founder = , defunct = , hq_location = , hq_l ...

and the Marconi S-723 radar of the Air Component's Air Traffic Control Centre in

Semmerzake Gavere () is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of , Baaigem, , Gavere, and . In 2021, Gavere had a total population of 13,007. The total area is 31.35 km². Sports The ...

Bulgaria

The

Bulgarian Air Force The Bulgarian Air Force ( bg, Военновъздушни сили, Voennovazdushni sili) is one of the three branches of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and p ...

's Air Sovereignty Operations Centre is located in

and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The Bulgarian Air Force fields three control and surveillance zones, which operate obsolete

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

-era radars. The Bulgarian Air Force intends to replace these radars with fewer, but more capable Western 3-D radars as soon as possible. The future locations of the new radars are as of 2018 unknown. * Joint Forces Command, in

** Air Sovereignty Operational Center (ASOC), in Sofia *** Base Operative Center (part of 3rd Air Base),

Graf Ignatievo Air Base Graf Ignatievo Air Base is located in the village of Graf Ignatievo, about north of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest city. It is the sole remaining fighter base of that state and houses two squadrons of jet aircraft. Early years Graf Igna ...

, operational control of fighter aviation *** Command, Control and Surveillance Base, in Sofia **** 1st Control and Surveillance Zone, in

Bozhurishte Bozhurishte ( bg, Божурище ) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is the administrative center of Bozhurishte Municipality in Sofia Province; close to Kostinbrod and the capital Sofia. The old airport of Sofia, now a military one, is near th ...

Sofia Province Sofia Province ( bg, Софийска област, translit=Sofiyska oblast) is a province (''oblast'') of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains its administrative center. The province borders on t ...

**** 2nd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Trud,

Plovdiv Province Plovdiv Province ( bg, Област Пловдив: ''Oblast Plovdiv'', former name Plovdiv okrug) is a province in central southern Bulgaria. It comprises 18 municipalities (общини, ''obshtini'', sing. общинa, ''obshtina'') on a ter ...

**** 3rd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Bratovo,

Burgas Province Burgas Province ( bg, Област Бургас, translit=Oblast Burgas, formerly the Burgas okrug) is a province in southeastern Bulgaria, including the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The province is named after its administrative and indus ...

Canada

The Royal Canadian Air Force's control centres and radar stations are part of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Croatia

The

Croatian Air Force and Air Defense The Croatian Air Force ( hr, Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo or HRZ) is a branch of the Croatian Armed Forces whose primary task is to ensure the sovereignty of the airspace of the Republic of Croatia and to provide aviation support to other branc ...

's Airspace Surveillance Centre is headquartered in Podvornica and reports to CAOC Torrejón. * Air Force and Air Defense Command ** Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion, at 91st Air Force Base (

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

- Pleso) *** Airspace Surveillance Centre, in Podvornica *** Sector Operational Centre, in

Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enterta ...

*** Mount Sljeme Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T ***

Borinci Borinci is a hamlet in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. It is administratively located in the town of Vinkovci as a part of the settlement of Vinkovci itself. Name The name of the village in Croatian is plural. Tower Near Borinci, there is ...

Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T ***

Papuk Papuk is the largest mountain in the Slavonia region in eastern Croatia, near the city of Požega. It extends between Bilogora to the northwest, Krndija to the east, and Ravna gora and Psunj to the southwest. The highest peak is the eponymous ...

Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T ***

Učka The Učka ([], it, Monte Maggiore) is a mountain range in western Croatia. It rises behind the Opatija riviera, on the eastern side of the Istrian peninsula. It forms a single morphological unit together with the Ćićarija range which stretches ...

Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T *** Mount Rota, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T

Czech Republic

The

Czech Air Force "The air is our sea" , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = , decorations = , battle_honours = , battle_honours_label = , flying_hours = , websi ...

's Control and Reporting Centre is located in Hlavenec and reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Command, in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

** 26th Air Command, Control and Surveillance Regiment, in Stará Boleslav *** 261st

Control and Reporting Centre A Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) is according to the Joint Chiefs of Staff publication 1.02 defined as – ''A subordinated air control element of the tactical air control centre for which radar control and warning operations are conducted wi ...

(CRC), in Hlavenec *** 262nd Radiotechnical Battalion, in Hlavenec **** 1st Radiotechnical Company, in

Nepolisy Nepolisy (german: Nepolis) is a municipality and village in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically ...

, with RAT-31DL **** 4th Radiotechnical Company, in

Sokolnice Sokolnice (german: Sokolnitz) is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,300 inhabitants. Sokolnice lies approximately south-east of Brno and south-east of Prague. H ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 263nd Support Battalion, in Hlavenec **** Reserve Control and Reporting Centre, in

Větrušice Větrušice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Geography Větrušice is located on the right bank of the Vltava River, about north of Prague ...

Denmark

The

Royal Danish Air Force The Royal Danish Air Force ( da, Flyvevåbnet, lit=The Flying weapon) (RDAF) is the aerial warfare force of The Kingdom of Denmark and one of the four branches of the Danish Defence. Initially being components of the Army and the Navy, it was ...

Combined Air Operations Centre Combined Air Operations Centres (CAOCs) are multinational headquarters for tactical and operational control of NATO Air Forces below the Joint Force Command level''. They operate within the NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATINADS) framework. ...

(CAOC 1) in Finderup was deactivated in 2008 and replaced at the same location by the

Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC Finderup) was located on the Jutland peninsula, approximately 20 km west of Viborg in the middle of the Finderup military training area in Denmark. It was part of NATO's Air Policing mission and w ...

(CAOC F), which had responsibility for the airspaces of

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

and the

. CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany. The national Danish Control and Reporting Centre is located at

and it reports to CAOC Uedem. The

Thule Air Base Thule Air Base (pronounced or , kl, Qaanaaq Mitarfik, da, Thule Lufthavn), or Thule Air Base/Pituffik Airport , is the United States Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces, located north o ...

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

is a United States Air Force installation and its radars are part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command. * Air Force Tactical Command, at

** Air Control Wing, at Karup Air Base *** Control and Reporting Centre, at Karup Air Base *** Radar Station Skagen, in

Skagen Skagen () is Denmark's northernmost town, on the east coast of the Skagen Odde peninsula in the far north of Jutland, part of Frederikshavn Municipality in Nordjylland, north of Frederikshavn and northeast of Aalborg. The Port of Skagen is ...

, with RAT-31DL *** Radar Station Skrydstrup, at

Skrydstrup Air Base Vojens Airport, also known as Skrydstrup Airport is an airport in Vojens, Denmark. It shares runways with Fighter Wing Skrydstrup Fighter Wing Skrydstrup is an air base of the Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) situated in southern Jutland. It is h ...

, with AN/TPS-77 *** Radar Station

Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...

, in

Almindingen Almindingen ("the common") is one of the largest forests in Denmark. It is located in the centre of the island of Bornholm. The forest covers , making it Denmark's third largest. Though it was at one time common grazing land for cattle, it was ...

, with Marconi S-723

Estonia

The

Estonian Air Force The Estonian Air Force ( et, Õhuvägi, ) is the aviation branch of the Estonian Defence Forces. The air force traces its history to 1918, and was re-established in its current form in 1991. As of 2016, the Estonian Air Force has a strength of ...

's Air Operations Control Centre is located at

and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in

, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Command, in

Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju ' ...

** Air Surveillance Wing, at

*** Air Operations Control Centre, at Ämari Air Base *** Engineering and Technical Group, at Ämari Air Base **** Radar Station, in Levalõpme, with GM 403 **** Radar Station, in

Otepää Otepää (formerly Nuustaku) is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia, it is the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia (in contrast to the "summer ca ...

, with GM 403 **** Radar Station, in

Kellavere Kellavere is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. (retrieved 28 July 2021) Between 1992 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Laekvere Parish Laekve ...

, with AN/TPS-77(V) **** Airport Surveillance Radar at

, with ASR-8

France

The

French Air and Space Force The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Mont Verdun Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem. Most French radar sites use the PALMIER radar, which is being taken out of service. By 2022 all PALMIER radars will have been replaced with new radar stations using the GM 403 radar. * Air Defense and Air Operations Command ** Air Operations Brigade, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Control and Reporting Centre, at

Mont-de-Marsan Air Base Mont-de-Marsan Air Base (French: Base aérienne 118 Mont-de-Marsan) (ICAO: LFBM) is a front-line French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) (ALAE) fighter base located approximately 2 km north of Mont-de-Marsan, in the Land ...

*** Control and Reporting Centre, in

Cinq-Mars-la-Pile Cinq-Mars-la-Pile () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. Population Sights * Pile of Cinq-Mars: the town derives its name from a thirty metres high, brick Roman tower perched on the hillside. It is remarkably wel ...

*** Mont Verdun Air Base radar, with GM GM 406 *** Élément Air Rattaché (EAR) 943, on

Mont Agel Mont Agel is a mountain on the border between France and Monaco. The summit of this mount, at above sea level, is on the French side, but the highest point of Monaco, lying on a pathway named Chemin des Révoires, is on its slopes, at an altitud ...

, with GM 406 Additionally the French Air and Space Force fields a GM 406 radar at the Cayenne-Rochambeau Air Base in

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

to protect the

Guiana Space Centre The Guiana Space Centre (french: links=no, Centre spatial guyanais; CSG), also called Europe's Spaceport, is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located approximatel ...

Kourou Kourou () is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France in South America. Kourou is famous for being the location of the Guiana Space Centre, the main spaceport of France and the European Space Agency (ESA). It i ...

Germany

The

German Air Force The German Air Force (german: Luftwaffe, lit=air weapon or air arm, ) is the aerial warfare branch of the , the armed forces of Germany. The German Air Force (as part of the ''Bundeswehr'') was founded in 1956 during the era of the Cold War a ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 2) in

Uedem Uedem is a municipality in the district of Cleves, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands. Division of the town Uedem consists of 4 districts * Uedem * Uedemerfeld * Keppeln * Uedemerbruch * Brunze ...

was deactivated in 2008 and reactivated as CAOC Uedem in 2013. CAOC Uedem is responsible for the NATO airspace North of the Alps. The HADR radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, while the RRP-117 radars are a variant of the AN/FPS-117. * Air Operations Centre (Zentrum Luftoperationen der Luftwaffe) (NATO CAOC Uedem), in

** Control and Reporting Centre 2 (Einsatzführungsbereich 2), in

*** Operations Squadron 21, in Erndtebrück *** Operations Support Squadron 22, in Erndtebrück **** Sensor Platoon I, in Lauda ***** Remote Radar Post 240 "Loneship", in Erndtebrück with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 246 "Hardwheel", on

Erbeskopf The Erbeskopf () is a mountain in the Hunsrück range in central Germany. At a height of , it is the highest point in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as the highest point of German territory on the western bank of the Rhine. It lies ...

with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 247 "Batman", in Lauda with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 248 "Coldtrack", in

Freising Freising () is a university town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the Freising ''Landkreis'' (district), with a population of about 50,000. Location Freising is the oldest town between Regensburg and Bolzano, and is located on the Is ...

with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 249 "Sweet Apple", in

Meßstetten Meßstetten () is a town in the Zollernalbkreis district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Overview It is situated in the Swabian Jura, 24 km southeast of Balingen and at an altitude of is the highest city (of more than 10,000 inhabitan ...

with HADR **** Sensor Platoon II, in Auenhausen ***** Remote Radar Post 241 "Crabtree", in

Marienbaum Xanten (, Low Rhenish: ''Santen'') is a town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the district of Wesel. Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park, one of the largest archaeological open air museums in the wor ...

with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 242 "Backwash", in Auenhausen with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 243 "Silver Cork", in

Visselhövede Visselhövede () is a town in the district of Rotenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. Nearby towns include the district capital Rotenburg, Walsrode and Verden. Larger cities within a 100 km radius are Bremen, Hanover and Hamburg. Visselhövede b ...

with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 244 "Round up", in

Brockzetel Aurich (; East Frisian Low Saxon: ''Auerk'', West Frisian: ''Auwerk'', stq, Aurk) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in ...

with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 245 "Bugle", in

Brekendorf Brekendorf is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in E ...

with GM 406F *** Control and Reporting Training Inspection 23, in Erndtebrück **** Education and Training Centre, in Erndtebrück **** Education, Test and Training Group, in Erndtebrück ** Control and Reporting Centre 3 (Einsatzführungsbereich 3), in Schönewalde *** Operations Squadron 31, in Schönewalde *** Operations Support Squadron 32, in Schönewalde **** Sensor Platoon III, in

Cölpin Cölpin is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country i ...

***** Remote Radar Post 351 "Matchpoint", in

Putgarten Putgarten is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The municipality is managed by the '' Amt'' of Nord-Rügen with its seat in Sagard. Putgarten is the northernmost municipality in the state of Mec ...

with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 352 "Mindreader", in Cölpin with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 353 "Teddy Bear", in

Tempelhof Tempelhof () is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. It is the location of the former Tempelhof Airport, one of the earliest commercial airports in the world. The former airport and surroundings are now a park called ...

with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 356 "", in Elmenhorst with RRP-117 **** Sensor Platoon IV, in

Regen Regen ( Northern Bavarian: ''Reng'') is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the district town of the district of Regen. Geography Regen is situated on the great Regen River, located in the Bavarian Forest. Divisions Originally the town consisted o ...

***** Remote Radar Post 354 "Blackmoor", in

Döbern Döbern (; Lower Sorbian ''Derbno'') is a town in the district of Spree-Neiße, in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 25 km southeast of Cottbus, and 15 km south of Forst (Lausitz). History From 1815 to 1947, Döbern w ...

with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 355 "Royal Flash", in

Gleina Gleina is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 2009 it has included Baumersroda and Ebersroda.Döbraberg Döbraberg () is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member ...

with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 358 "Snow Cap", on

Großer Arber The Großer Arber (); cs, Velký Javor, "Great Maple") or Great Arber,e.g. Mauser, Wolfram and Monika Prasch (eds). ''Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts: The Project GLOWA-Danube''. Heidelberg: Springer, 2006. p. 94. is the highest pea ...

with RRP-117

Greece

1st Area Control Centre, inside Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D 2nd Area Control Centre, inside Mount Parnitha, with Marconi S-743D 9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Pelion, with Marconi S-743D 10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D The

Hellenic Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 8 November , equipment = , equipment_label ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 7) at

was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain. The Hellenic Air Force fields two HR-3000, four AR-327 and six Marconi S-743D radar systems, however as of 2018 the air force is in the process of replacing some of its older systems with three RAT-31DL radars. * Air Force Tactical Command, at

** Air Operations Centre, at Larissa Air Base *** 1st Area Control Centre, inside

Mount Chortiatis Mount Chortiatis or Hortiatis ( el, Όρος Χορτιάτη, Χορτιάτης), known in Antiquity as Cissus ( grc, Κισσός) or Kissos, is a mountain in Central Macedonia, Greece. It rises southeast of Thessaloniki, peaking at 1,201 metr ...

*** 2nd Area Control Centre, inside

Mount Parnitha Mount Parnitha ( ell, Πάρνηθα, , Katharevousa and grc, Πάρνης ''Parnis''/''Parnes''; sometimes Parnetha) is a densely forested mountain range north of Athens, the highest on the peninsula of Attica, with an elevation of 1,413 m, and ...

*** 1st Control and Warning Station Squadron, in

Didymoteicho Didymoteicho ( el, Διδυμότειχο, Didymóteicho ) is a city located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town ...

, with AR-327 *** 2nd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Ismaros, with HR-3000 *** 3rd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mount Vitsi Verno ( el, Βέρνο) or Vitsi ( el, Βίτσι) is a forested mountain range in the southern part of the Florina and the northeastern part of the Kastoria regional units in Western Macedonia, northern Greece. The elevation of its highest peak ...

, with Marconi S-743D *** 4th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Elati, with RAT-31DL *** 5th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in

Kissamos Kissamos ( el, Κίσσαμος) is a town and a municipality in the west of the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the Chania regional unit and of the former Kissamos Province which covers the northwest corner of the island. The town of Kissam ...

, with Marconi S-743D *** 6th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mykonos Mykonos (, ; el, Μύκονος ) is a Greek island, part of the Cyclades, lying between Tinos, Syros, Paros and Naxos. The island has an area of and rises to an elevation of at its highest point. There are 10,134 inhabitants according to the ...

, with AR-327 *** 7th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mount Mela Skyros ( el, Σκύρος, ), in some historical contexts Latinized Scyros ( grc, Σκῦρος, ), is an island in Greece, the southernmost of the Sporades, an archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Around the 2nd millennium BC and slightly later, the ...

, with AR-327 *** 8th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Lemnos Lemnos or Limnos ( el, Λήμνος; grc, Λῆμνος) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Lemnos regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The p ...

, with AR-327 *** 9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mount Pelion Pelion or Pelium (Modern el, Πήλιο, ''Pílio''; Ancient Greek/Katharevousa: Πήλιον, ''Pēlion'') is a mountain at the southeastern part of Thessaly in northern Greece, forming a hook-like peninsula between the Pagasetic Gulf and the ...

, with Marconi S-743D *** 10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D *** 11th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in Ziros, with HR-3000

Hungary

The

Hungarian Air Force The Hungarian Air Force ( hu, Magyar Légierő), is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces. The task of the current Hungarian Air Force is primarily defensive purposes. The flying units of the air force are organised into a single ...

's Air Operations Centre is located in Veszprém and reports to CAOC Uedem. There are additional three radar companies with Soviet-era equipment subordinate to the 54th Radar Regiment ''"Veszprém"'', however it is unclear if they will remain in service once Hungary's newest radar at

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...

reaches full operational capability. * Air Force Command, in

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

** Air Operations Centre, in Veszprém ** 54th Radar Regiment ''"Veszprém"'', in Veszprém *** 1st Radar Data Centre, in

Békéscsaba Békéscsaba (; sk, Békešská Čaba; see also #Name, other alternative names) is a City with county rights, city with county rights in southeast Hungary, the capital of Békés County. Geography Békéscsaba is located in the Great Hungarian ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 2nd Radar Data Centre, in

, with RAT-31DL *** 3rd Radar Data Centre, in Bánkút, with RAT-31DL

Iceland

The Iceland Air Defense System, which is part of the

Icelandic Coast Guard The Icelandic Coast Guard (, or simply ) is the Icelandic defence service responsible for search and rescue, maritime safety and security surveillance, and law enforcement in the seas surrounding Iceland. The Coast Guard maintains the Iceland ...

, monitors Iceland's airspace. Air Defense is provided by fighter jets from NATO allies, which rotate units for the

Icelandic Air Policing Icelandic Air Policing is a NATO operation conducted to patrol Iceland's airspace. As Iceland does not have an air force, in 2006 it requested that its NATO allies periodically deploy fighter aircraft to Keflavik Air Base to provide protection of ...

mission to Keflavik Air Base. The Iceland Air Defense System's Control and Reporting Centre is at Keflavik Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany. * Iceland Air Defense System, at Keflavik Air Base ** Control and Reporting Centre, at Keflavik Air Base ** H1 Radar Station, at Miðnesheiði, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H2 Radar Station, on Mount Gunnolfsvík, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H3 Radar Station, at

Stokksnes Stokksnes () is a headland on the southeastern Icelandic coast, near Hofn and Hornafjördur. Stokksnes is located south of Kastarárfjall mountain, and includes Vestrahorn mountain, which was featured in the Bollywood film '' Dilwale''. The H-3 ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H4 Radar Station, on Mount Bolafjalli, with AN/FPS-117(V)5

Italy

The

Italian Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = (Ordinance March of the Air Force) by Alberto Di Miniello , mascot = , anniversaries = 28 March ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 5) in Poggio Renatico was deactivated in 2013 and replaced with the Mobile Command and Control Regiment (RMCC) at Bari Air Base, while the Centre's responsibilities were transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain. * Air Operations Command (COA), in Poggio Renatico ** Air Operations Centre, in Poggio Renatico ** Integrated Missile Air-defense Regiment (Rep. DAMI), in Poggio Renatico *** 11th Integrated Missile Air-defense Squadron, in Poggio Renatico *** 22nd Air Force Radar Squadron (GrRAM), in Licola, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 112th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Mortara, with RAT-31DL *** 113th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Lame di Concordia, with RAT-31DL *** 114th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Potenza Picena Potenza Picena is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region of Marche, about southeast of Ancona and about northeast of Macerata. ''Potentia'' was the Roman town situated in the lower Potenza valley, in the ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 115th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Capo Mele Andora ( lij, Andeua), or Marina di Andora, is a town on the Italian Riviera in the region of Liguria, included in the province of Savona. Geography and climate Andora is situated in the western part of the Italian Riviera between Capo Mele in ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 121st Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Poggio Ballone Castiglione della Pescaia (), regionally simply abbreviated as Castiglione, is an ancient seaside town in the province of Grosseto, in Tuscany, central Italy. The modern city grew around a medieval 12th century fortress ( it, castello) and a large ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 123rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Frasca, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 131st Remote Radar Station Flight, in Jacotenente, with RAT-31DL *** 132nd Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Rizzuto, with RAT-31DL *** 133rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in

San Giovanni Teatino San Giovanni Teatino is a ''comune'' and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Until 1894 this comune was known as Forcabobolina. Situated on a hill overlooking the valley of the river Pescara (Aterno-Pescara), in recent ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 134th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Lampedusa Lampedusa ( , , ; scn, Lampidusa ; grc, Λοπαδοῦσσα and Λοπαδοῦσα and Λοπαδυῦσσα, Lopadoûssa; mt, Lampeduża) is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The ''comune'' of L ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 135th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Marsala Marsala (, local ; la, Lilybaeum) is an Italian town located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily. Marsala is the most populated town in its province and the fifth in Sicily. The town is famous for the docking of Gius ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 136th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Otranto Otranto (, , ; scn, label= Salentino, Oṭṛàntu; el, label=Griko, Δερεντό, Derentò; grc, Ὑδροῦς, translit=Hudroûs; la, Hydruntum) is a coastal town, port and ''comune'' in the province of Lecce (Apulia, Italy), in a fertil ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 137th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Mezzogregorio, with RAT-31DL

Latvia

The

Latvian Air Force Latvian Air Force ( lv, Latvijas Gaisa spēki) is the aviation branch of the National Armed Forces. The first air force (AF) units were established 1992. It has no air combat capability, thus the defense of Latvian air space is maintained by NATO ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Lielvārde Air Base and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in Karmėlava, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Headquarters, at Lielvārde Air Base ** Air Surveillance Squadron, at Lielvārde Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Lielvārde Air Base *** 1st Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, at Lielvārde Air Base, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** 2nd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in

Audriņi Audriņi (also Audreņi, ) is a village and the center of Audriņi Parish, Rēzekne Municipality of the Latgale area of eastern Latvia, 245 km east of Riga. It is situated on the banks of the Liužonka River along route P36. The parish ...

, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** 3rd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Čalas, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** Mobile Radar Section, with TPS-77 MRR

Lithuania

The

Lithuanian Air Force The Lithuanian Air Force or LAF ( lt, Lietuvos karinės oro pajėgos, abbreviated as ''LK KOP'') is the military aviation branch of the Lithuanian armed forces. It is formed from professional military servicemen and non-military personnel. Units ...

's Air Operations Control Centre is located in Karmėlava and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) co-located in Karmėlava, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Lithuanian Air Force Headquarters, in

Kaunas Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai ...

** Airspace Surveillance and Control Command, in Kaunas *** Airspace Control Centre, in

*** 1st Radar Post, in Antaveršis *** 3rd Radar Post, in Degučiai *** 4th Radar Post, in Ceikiškės

Luxembourg

Luxembourg's airspace is monitored and guarded by the Belgian Air Component's Control and Reporting Centre at Beauvechain Air Base.

Montenegro

The

Armed Forces of Montenegro The Armed Forces of Montenegro ( cnr, Војска Црне Горе, Vojska Crne Gore) are the military forces of Montenegro. The Armed Forces consists of an army, navy and air force. The military currently maintains a force of 2,350 active du ...

do not possess a modern air defense radar and the country's airspace is monitored by Italian Air Force radar sites. The Armed Forces Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre is located at

Golubovci Golubovci ( cnr, Голубовци, ) is a small town in the Podgorica Municipality of Montenegro. It has 3,110 residents according to 2011 census, while the ''Golubovci City Municipality'' accounts for some 16,093 residents. Transport Sometim ...

and reports to CAOC Torrejón in Spain.

Netherlands

The

Royal Netherlands Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = ''Parade March of the Royal Netherlands Air Force'' , mascot = , anniversaries = , equipment ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Nieuw-Milligen and reports to CAOC Uedem. The air force's main radars are being replaced with two modern SMART-L GB radars. * Air Force Command, in

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

** Air Operations Control Station, in Nieuw-Milligen *** Control and Reporting Centre, in Nieuw-Milligen *** Radar Station South, in Nieuw-Milligen, with SMART-L GB *** Radar Station North, at Wier, with SMART-L GB

Norway

The

Royal Norwegian Air Force The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) ( no, Luftforsvaret, , The Air Defence) is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximatel ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 3) in Reitan was deactivated in 2008 and its responsibilities were transferred to the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F). After CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 the responsibility for the air defense of Norway was transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany and the Royal Norwegian Air Force's Control and Reporting Centre in Sørreisa reports to it. Until 2016 the Royal Norwegian Air Force's radar installations were distributed between two CRCs. That year the CRC Mågerø was disbanded. In its place a wartime mobilization back-up CRC has been formed with a reduction in personnel from the around active 170 duty to about 50 air force home guardsmen. The SINDRE I radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, which is also used in the German HADR radars. The newer RAT-31SL/N radars are sometimes designated SINDRE II. * Armed Forces Operational Headquarters, Reitan near

Bodø Main Air Station Bodø Air Station (; no, Bodø hovedflystasjon) is a military air base of the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) located in the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality, Nordland county, Norway. It is home to the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ...

** 131 Air Wing, in Sørreisa *** Control and Reporting Centre Sørreisa **** Radar Station

Njunis Njunis is a mountain in the interior of southern Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The mountain lies in Målselv Municipality. With a peak at , it is the highest mountain in this part of the county, and has Norway's thirteenth largest prominence. ...

, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station

Senja or is an island in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, Europe. With an area of , it is the second largest island in Norway (outside of the Svalbard archipelago). It has a wild, mountainous outer (western) side facing the Atlantic, and a mild ...

, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station

Honningsvåg , other_name = , native_name = , nickname = , settlement_type = Town , image_skyline = Honningsvåg-01.jpg , image_caption = View of the city , pushpin_map = Finnmark#Nor ...

, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station

Vestvågøy Vestvågøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leknes. Some of the villages in the municipality include Ballstad, Borg, B� ...

, with SINDRE I **** Radar Station

Vågsøy Vågsøy is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It was located in the traditional district of Nordfjord. The municipality's administrative center was the town Måløy. Other population centers in Vågsøy included ...

, with SINDRE I **** Radar Station Skykula, with SINDRE I

Poland

The Polish Armed Forces Operational Command's Air Operations Centre is located in the Warsaw-Pyry neighborhood and reports to CAOC Uedem. The 3rd ''Wrocław'' Radiotechnical Brigade is responsible for the operation of the Armed Forces radar equipment. As of 2021, the Polish Air Force possesses three NUR-12M and three RAT-31DL long-range radars making up BACKBONE system, which are listed below. * Armed Forces Operational Command, in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

** Air Operations Centre - Air Component Command, in Warsaw-Pyry *** Mobile Air Operations Command Unit, in Babki *** 22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec *** 32nd Command and Control Centre, at Kraków-Balice Air Base *** 1st Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Gdynia Gdynia ( ; ; german: Gdingen (currently), (1939–1945); csb, Gdiniô, , , ) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With a population of 243,918, it is the List of cities in Poland, 12th-largest city in Poland and ...

*** 2nd Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

*** 4th Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Szczecin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ...

*** 3rd ''Wrocław'' Radiotechnical Brigade, in

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...

**** 3rd ''Sandomierz'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

Sandomierz Sandomierz (pronounced: ; la, Sandomiria) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River in the Sandomierz Basin. It has been part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Provi ...

***** 110th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in

Łabunie Łabunie is a village in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łabunie. It lies some southeast of Zamość and southeast of the regional capital, Lublin. ...

, with RAT-31DL *****360th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Brzoskwinia, with NUR-12M **** 8th ''Szczycień'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in Lipowiec *****144th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Roskosz, with NUR-12M *****184th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Szypliszki, with RAT-31DL ***** 211th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Chruściel, with RAT-31DL **** 31st ''Lower Silesian'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

*****170th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Wronowice, with NUR-12M **** 34th ''Chojnice'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

Chojnice Chojnice (; , or ''Chòjnice''; german: Konitz or ''Conitz'') is a town in northern Poland with 39,423 inhabitants as of December 2021, near the Tuchola Forest. It is the capital of the Chojnice County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. History Pias ...

Portugal

The

Portuguese Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 1 July , equipment = , equipment_label ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 10) in

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain. * Air Command, in

** Control and Reporting Centre, in

** Radar Station 1, on Monte Fóia, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 2, on Monte Pilar in

Paços de Ferreira Paços de Ferreira () is a city in the Porto District, in the north of Portugal. The population of the city in 2011 was 7491, while its municipality had 56,340 inhabitants, in an area of 70.99 km². Sometimes referred to as the ''Capital do ...

, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 3, at Montejunto, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 4, on

Pico do Arieiro Pico do Areeiro (often wrongly written as Pico do Arieiro), at high, is Madeira Island's third highest peak.Madeira ...

, on the island of

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

, with LANZA 3-D

Romania

The

Romanian Air Force The Romanian Air Force (RoAF) ( ro, Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces. It has an air force headquarters, an operational command, five airbases and an air defense brigade. Reserve forces include one ai ...

's Air Operations Centre is headquartered in Bucharest and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The radar station in Bârnova is officially designated and operated as a civilian radar station, however its data is fed into the military air surveillance system. * Air Operations Centre, in Bucharest ** 2nd Airspace Surveillance Centre "North", at 71st Air Base, in

Câmpia Turzii Câmpia Turzii (; german: Jerischmarkt; hu, Aranyosgyéres) is a municipality in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania, which was formed in 1925 by the union of two villages, Ghiriș (''Aranyosgyéres'') and Sâncrai (''Szentkirály''). It was decla ...

** Radar Station, in

Ovidiu Ovidiu (, historical name: ''Canara'', tr, Kanara) is a town situated a few kilometres north of Constanța in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. Ovidiu is quite small, with a population of around 12,000, and many wealthy inhabitants o ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, at Giarmata Airport, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, in

Suceava Suceava () is the largest urban settlement and the seat town ( ro, oraș reședință de județ) of Suceava County, situated in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania, and at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central and Eastern E ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, in

Craiova Craiova (, also , ), is Romania's 6th Cities in Romania, largest city and capital of Dolj County, and situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River, Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximatel ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, on Muntele Mare, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Civil/Military Radar Station, in

Bârnova Bârnova is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania, part of the Iași Metropolitan Area The Iași Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan association in Iași County, Romania, that includes the municipality of Iași and 19 nearby comm ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V)

Slovakia

The

Slovak Air Force The Slovak Air Force, known since 2002 as the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic ( sk, Vzdušné sily Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky), is the aviation and air defense branch of the Slovak Armed Forces. Operating 23 aircr ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Sliač Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem. The Slovak Air Force still operates obsolete Soviet-era radars, which it intends to replace with fewer, but more capable Western 3-D radars as soon as possible. The future locations of the new radars are as of 2018 unknown. * Air Force Command, at Sliač Air Base ** Command, Control and Surveillance Wing, at Sliač Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Sliač Air Base *** Radar Surveillance Battalion, in Sliač Air Base

Slovenia

The Slovenian Air Force and Air Defense's Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre is headquartered in Brnik and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The Italian Air Force's 4th Wing at

Grosseto Air Base Grosseto Airport ( it, Aeroporto di Grosseto) is an airport in central Italy, located west of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany. Although it is classified as a "joint use" facility, Grosseto Airport is primarily an Italian Air Force (A ...

and 36th Wing at

Gioia del Colle Air Base Gioia del Colle Air Base is an Italian Air Force ( Aeronautica Militare) base located in the province of Bari, Apulia, Italy, located approximately 1 km south-southeast of Gioia del Colle. World War II During World War II the air base was ...

rotate a QRA flight of

Eurofighter Typhoon The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter. The Typhoon was designed originally as an air-superiority fighter and is manufactured by a consortium of Airbus, BAE Systems and Leonardo ...

s to

Istrana Air Base Istrana Air Base is a military airport located in Istrana, Veneto, Italy. It is home to the Italian Air Force's 51º Stormo. Overview * 132º Gruppo FBA/RECCE (132nd Fighter Bomber Reconnaissance Squadron) operating AMX International AMX's. * 45 ...

, which are responsible for the air defense of Northern Italy and Slovenia. * Forces Command, in

Vrhnika Vrhnika (; german: Oberlaibach;''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 120. la, Nauportus) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Muni ...

** 15th Military Aviation Regiment, at

Cerklje ob Krki Air Base Cerklje ob Krki Airport ( sl, Letališče Cerklje ob Krki) is the only military airport in Slovenia, and a civilian airport. The Cerklje ob Krki Air Base operates at it. The airport is in the midst of an enlargement and restructuring. History T ...

*** 16th Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion in Brnik **** Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik **** 1st Radar Station, in

, with GM 403 **** 2nd Radar Station, in

Hočko Pohorje Hočko Pohorje () is a settlement in the Municipality of Hoče-Slivnica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the eastern Pohorje Hills south of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in th ...

, with GM 403

Spain

The

Spanish Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = Spanish Air and Space Force Anthem , mascot = , anniversaries = 10 December , equipment ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 8) at Torrejón Air Base was deactivated in 2013 and replaced at same location by CAOC Torrejon, which took over the functions of CAOC 5, CAOC 7, CAOC 8 and CAOC 10. CAOC Torrejón is responsible for the NATO airspace South of the Alps. * Combat Air Command, at Torrejón Air Base ** Combat Air Command Headquarter (CGMACOM), at Torrejón Air Base *** Air Operations Centre / NATO CAOC Torrejón ** Command and Control Systems Headquarter (JSMC), at Torrejón Air Base *** Central Command and Control Group (GRUCEMAC), at Torrejón Air Base *** Northern Command and Control Group (GRUNOMAC), at

*** Mobile Air Control Group (GRUMOCA) at Tablada Air Base *** 1st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 1) radar station, at Air Station El Frasno, with LANZA 3-D *** 2nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 2) radar station, at Air Station Villatobas, with RAT-31SL/T *** 3rd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 3) radar station, at Air Station

Constantina Flavia Valeria Constantina (also sometimes called ''Constantia'' and ''Constantiana''; el, Κωνσταντίνα; b. after 307/before 317 – d. 354), later known as Saint Constance, was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 4th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 4) radar station, at Air Station

Roses A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be e ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 5th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 5) radar station, at Air Station

Aitana Aitana (, ) is a mountain massif that is part of Prebaetic System in the eastern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Administratively, the mountainous area is located in the Marina Baixa, Alcoià and Comtat comarcas in the northern part of Alicante p ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 7th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 7) radar station, at Air Station

Puig Major Puig Major is the highest peak on the Spanish island of Majorca. With an elevation of above sea level. It is situated in the Serra de Tramuntana mountains. As the mountain is located in a military zone, the neighbouring peak Puig de Massanella (1 ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 9th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 9) radar station, at Air Station

Motril Motril () is a town and municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the Granada, Spain. It is the second largest town in the province, with a population of 60,368 as of 2016. The town is located near the Guadalfeo River and is from Granada. Hi ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 10th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 10) radar station, at Air Station

Barbanza A Barbanza is a comarca in the province of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. Its capital is the municipality of Ribeira. The comarca contains four municipalities and 66,095 inhabitants (2019) in an area of 244.2 km². These municipalities are: * A Pobr ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 11th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 11) radar station, at Air Station Alcalá de los Gazules, with LANZA 3-D *** 12th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 12) radar station, at Air Station

Espinosa de los Monteros Espinosa de los Monteros is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain, with a population of c. 2,100 inhabitants. The village is spread over a large rural area at the southern outskirts of a mountainous area of ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 13th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 13) radar station, at Air Station

Sierra Espuña The Sierra Espuña is a mountain range in the Region of Murcia, Spain. It is part of the Penibaetic System. The Sierra Espuña Regional Park protects 17,804 ha of the mountain range in the municipalities of Alhama de Murcia, Totana and Mula. The ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 21st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 21) radar station, at

Vega de San Mateo Vega de San Mateo is a town and a municipality in the mountainous central part of the island of Gran Canaria in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. Its population is 7,774 (2013),Gran Canaria Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that co ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 22nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 22) radar station, in Haría on

Lanzarote Lanzarote (, , ) is a Spanish island, the easternmost of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It is located approximately off the north coast of Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula. Covering , Lanzarote is the fourth-largest of the i ...

, with RAT-31SL/T

Turkey

The

Turkish Air Force The Turkish Air Force ( tr, ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Turkish Air Force can trace its origins back to June 1911 when it was founded by the Ottoman Empire, however, the air force as it is known t ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 6) in

Eskişehir Eskişehir ( , ; from "old" and "city") is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 898,369 with a metropolitan population of 797,708. The city is located on the banks of the ...

was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain. Turkey's Air Force fields a mix of HR-3000, AN/FPS-117, RAT-31SL and RAT-31DL radars, however the exact number of each of these radar and their location in the Turkish radar system is unknown. * Air Force Command (COA), in ** Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Ahlatlıbel, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Körfez, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Karabelen, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in

Çanakkale Çanakkale (pronounced ), ancient ''Dardanellia'' (), is a city and seaport in Turkey in Çanakkale province on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. The population of the city is 195,439 (2021 estimate). Çanakkale is ...