The Pilocarpaceae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ...

s in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

Lecanorales. The species of this family have a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. Pilocarpaceae was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

Alexander Zahlbruckner Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860, Svätý Jur – 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian- Hungarian botanist who specialized in the study of lichens. Johann Babtist Zahlbruckner, an earlier Austrian botanist, was his grandfather. From 1878 to 1883 ...

in Adolf Engler's influential 1905 work ''

Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (1887–1915) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant tax ...

''.

Description

Pilocarpaceae species are

crustose Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. ''Crustose'' adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. ''Crustose'' is found on rocks and ...

and have ascomata in the form of an brightly-coloured

apothecium An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are ...

with a poorly-developed margin comprising loosely-intertwined

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or ...

e. The

ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...

s are

hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is ...

and often elongated with one or more

septa The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is a regional public transportation authority that operates bus, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus services for nearly 4 million people in five coun ...

Genera

Pilocarpaceae contains 32 genera and an estimated 445 species. The following list shows the genera,

authority In the fields of sociology and political science, authority is the legitimate power of a person or group over other people. In a civil state, ''authority'' is practiced in ways such a judicial branch or an executive branch of government.''The N ...

, year of publication, and number of species as of 2020 (unless a newer source is cited). *''

Aquacidia ''Aquacidia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has three species, which occur in Europe and North America. The genus was circumscribed in 2018 by André Aptroot to contain a small group of ''Bacidia'' species tha ...

'' – 3 spp. *''

Badimiella ''Badimiella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variet ...

'' – 1 sp. *'' Baflavia'' – 1 sp. *''

Bapalmuia ''Bapalmuia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a vari ...

'' – 22 spp. *''

Barubria ''Barubria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety ...

'' – 2 spp. *''

Brasilicia ''Brasilicia'' is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has 6 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2008 by lichenologists Robert Lücking, Klaus Kalb, and Emmanuël Sérusiaux, with '' B. brasiliensis'' assigne ...

'' – 6 spp. *''

Bryogomphus ''Bryogomphus'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. This is a monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that ...

'' – 1 sp. *''

Byssolecania ''Byssolecania'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a vari ...

'' – 7 spp. *''

Byssoloma ''Byssoloma'' is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 34 species of ''Byssoloma''. *''Byssoloma annuum'' *'' Byssoloma aurantiacum'' *'' Byssoloma australiense'' *''Byssoloma bra ...

'' – 60 spp. *''

Calopadia ''Calopadia'' is a genus of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda Antonín (Toni) Vězda (25 November 1920 – 10 November 2008) was a Czech lichenologi ...

'' – 27 spp. *''

Calopadiopsis ''Calopadiopsis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It was circumscribed in 2002 by lichenologists Robert Lücking and Rolf Santesson Rolf Santesson (1916–2013) was a Swedish lichenologist and university lect ...

'' – 2 spp. *'' Eugeniella'' – 11 spp. *''

Fellhanera ''Fellhanera'' is a genus of mostly leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. The genus, circumscribed by lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1986, honours Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fu ...

'' – about 100 spp. *''

Fellhaneropsis ''Fellhaneropsis'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The genus is named in honour of Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner Josef Hafellner (1951– ) is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the ...

'' – 9 spp. *'' Kantvilasia'' – 1 sp. *'' Lasioloma'' – 9 spp. *'' Leimonis'' – 2 spp. *'' Loflammia'' – 5 spp. *'' Loflammiopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Logilvia'' – 1 sp. *''

Micarea ''Micarea'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 126 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont (the non-fungal organ ...

'' – 126 spp. *'' Podotara'' – 1 sp. *'' Pseudocalopadia'' – 1 sp. *'' Roccellinastrum'' – 7 spp. *''

Schadonia ''Schadonia'' or commonly known as ''Schadonia alpina'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae The Ramalinaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family name is synonymous with the name ''Bacid ...

'' – 4 spp. *'' Septotrapelia'' – 4 spp. *'' Sporopodiopsis'' – 2 spp. *'' Sporopodium'' – 24 spp. *'' Szczawinskia'' – 5 spp. *'' Tapellaria'' – 23 spp. *'' Tapellariopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Uluguria'' - sp.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q31848 Lichen families Lecanoromycetes families Taxa named by Alexander Zahlbruckner Taxa described in 1905