![L](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/L._Manlius_Torquatus%2C_denarius%2C_113-112_BC%2C_RRC_295-1.jpg)
The gens Manlia () was one of the oldest and noblest
patrician
Patrician may refer to:
* Patrician (ancient Rome), the original aristocratic families of ancient Rome, and a synonym for "aristocratic" in modern English usage
* Patrician (post-Roman Europe), the governing elites of cities in parts of medieval ...
houses at
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
, from the earliest days of the
Republic until imperial times. The first of the
gens to obtain the
consulship
A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politic ...
was
Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus
Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus was the first of the patrician ''gens Manlia'' to obtain the consulship, which he held in 480 BC, together with Marcus Fabius Vibulanus. His father's name was Publius.
That year, Rome was rent by internal dissensi ...
, consul in 480 BC, and for nearly five centuries its members frequently held the most important
magistracies. Many of them were distinguished statesmen and generals, and a number of prominent individuals under the
Empire
An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
claimed the illustrious Manlii among their ancestors.
[''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 920 ("]Manlia Gens
The gens Manlia () was one of the oldest and noblest patrician houses at Rome, from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, consul in 480 BC, and for ...
").
Origin
The Manlii were said to hail from the ancient
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
city of
Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome ( ...
. The
nomen ''Manlia'' may be a patronymic surname, based on the
praenomen ''
Manius'', presumably the name of an ancestor of the gens. The ''
gens Manilia'' was derived from the same name, and its members are frequently confused with the Manlii, as are the
Mallii.
However, ''Manius'' was not used by any of the Manlii in historical times. The Manlii were probably numbered amongst the ''gentes maiores'', the greatest of the patrician families. As with many patrician gentes, the Manlii seem to have acquired plebeian branches as well, and one of the family was
tribune of the plebs
Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune ( la, tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power o ...
in the time of
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the esta ...
. The plebeian Manlii were probably descended from
freedmen
A freedman or freedwoman is a formerly enslaved person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, enslaved people were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their captor-owners), emancipation (granted freedom a ...
of the patricians, from members who had gone over to the plebeians, or from unrelated persons who acquired the nomen after obtaining
the franchise
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...
from one of the Manlii.
Praenomina
The Manlii used the praenomina ''
Publius,
Gnaeus,
Aulus
Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome.
The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
,
Lucius
Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from '' Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames ('' praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from ...
'', and ''
Marcus''. The Manlii Torquati also favored the name ''
Titus
Titus Caesar Vespasianus ( ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death.
Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a mili ...
'', using primarily that, ''Aulus'', and ''Lucius''.
A well-known story relates that after
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus (died 384 BC; sometimes spelled ''Manilius'') was consul of the Roman Republic in 392 BC. He was the brother of Aulus Manlius Capitolinus. The Manlii were a patrician ''gens''.
Biography
During the Gallic siege of ...
was condemned for treason, the
Roman Senate
The Roman Senate ( la, Senātus Rōmānus) was a governing and advisory assembly in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in ...
decreed that henceforth none of the gens should bear the praenomen ''Marcus''. However, this legend may have originated as a way to explain the scarcity of the name amongst the Manlii, as the name was rarely used in later generations.
Branches and cognomina
![L](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/L._Manlius_Torquatus%2C_denarius%2C_82_BC%2C_RRC_411-1b.jpg)
The earliest
cognomen
A ''cognomen'' (; plural ''cognomina''; from ''con-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became here ...
found amongst the Manlii is ''Cincinnatus'', better known from the
Quinctia gens
The gens Quinctia, sometimes written Quintia, was a patrician family at ancient Rome. Throughout the history of the Republic, its members often held the highest offices of the state, and it produced some men of importance even during the imperia ...
. This name originally referred to a person with fine, curly hair. The descendants of Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus bore the surname ''Vulso'', meaning "plucked", perhaps chosen for its contrast to ''Cincinnatus''.
Münzer, noting that the cognomen ''Cincinnatus'' is missing from the older historians, supposed that it might be a mistake, and that ''Vulso'' was the original surname of the Manlian gens. The Manlii Vulsones flourished for over three hundred years.
The Manlii Capitolini were descended from the Vulsones, and first appear in the second half of the fifth century BC. The surname ''Capitolinus'' probably indicates that the family lived on the
Capitoline Hill
The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( ; it, Campidoglio ; la, Mons Capitolinus ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome.
The hill was earlier known as ''Mons Saturnius'', dedicated to the god Saturn. ...
, although the role of Marcus Manlius in saving the Capitol from the
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...
during the
sack of Rome in 390 BC is also credited with establishing the name in his family. The surname was relatively short-lived amongst the Manlii, being replaced by that of ''Torquatus''. This surname was first acquired by
Titus Manlius Imperiosus, who defeated a giant Gaul during a battle in 361 BC, and took his ''
torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...
'' as a trophy, placing it around his own neck. The descendants of Torquatus remained prominent until the final decades of the Republic, and adopted the torque as an emblem upon their coins. ''Imperiosus'', a cognomen borne by Torquatus and his father, was bestowed on account of their imperious manner. The Manlii Torquati were firmly aligned with the aristocratic party toward the end of the Republic, siding first with
Sulla, then with
Pompeius and the ''
Liberatores
Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 ti ...
''. In later times, ''Torquatus'' was borne by the
Junii
The gens Junia was one of the most celebrated families of ancient Rome. The gens may originally have been patrician (ancient Rome), patrician, and was already prominent in the last days of the Roman Kingdom, Roman monarchy. Lucius Junius Brutu ...
Silani, who were descended from the Manlii.
The Manlii Acidini rose to prominence during the
Second Punic War, but achieved only one consulship, in 179, before fading into relative obscurity. They still flourished in the time of Cicero, who praises their nobility.
From coins of the Manlii featuring the inscriptions ''SER'' and ''SERGIA'', Münzer concluded that one ''stirps'' of this gens bore the cognomen ''Sergianus'', indicating descent from the
Sergia gens
The gens Sergia was a patrician family at ancient Rome, which held the highest offices of the Roman state from the first century of the Republic until imperial times. The first of the Sergii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Sergius Fidenas in ...
. However, this probably referred to the ''
tribus'' Sergia; a plebeian branch of the Manlii used the name of their tribe to distinguish themselves from the patrician Manlii, a practice also found among the
Memmii
The gens Memmia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gaius Memmius Gallus, praetor in 172 BC. From the period of the Jugurthine War to the age of Augustus they contributed numerous tribun ...
.
Towards the end of the Republic, several early Manlii appear without cognomina, such as Quintus and Gnaeus Manlius, tribunes of the plebs in 69 and 58 BC.
Members
Manlii Cincinnati et Vulsones
* Publius Manlius, father of the consul Cincinnatus.
*
Gnaeus Manlius P. f. Cincinnatus,
consul
Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states throu ...
in 480 BC, fought against the
Etruscans
The Etruscan civilization () was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, rou ...
, and was slain in battle.
[Broughton, vol. I, pp. 24, 25 (note 1).]
*
Gnaeus Manlius Cn. f. P. n. Vulso, consul in 474 BC, marched against
Veii
Veii (also Veius; it, Veio) was an important ancient Etruscan city situated on the southern limits of Etruria and north-northwest of Rome, Italy. It now lies in Isola Farnese, in the comune of Rome. Many other sites associated with and in the ...
, who agreed to a forty-year truce, for which Manlius received an
ovation
The ovation ( la, ovatio from ''ovare'': to rejoice) was a form of the Roman triumph. Ovations were granted when war was not declared between enemies on the level of nations or states; when an enemy was considered basely inferior (e.g., slaves, p ...
. A number of scholars identify him with the
decemvir
The decemviri or decemvirs (Latin for "ten men") were some of the several 10-man commissions established by the Roman Republic.
The most important were those of the two Decemvirates, formally the " decemvirate with consular power for writing ...
of 451, but this seems doubtful on chronological grounds; he was probably the decemvir's father.
*
Aulus Manlius Cn. f. P. n. Vulso, one of the ambassadors sent to research Greek laws in 454 BC, and subsequently one of the decemvirs elected in 451.
*
Marcus Manlius Cn. f. Vulso,
consular tribune in 420 BC.
*
Publius Manlius M. f. Cn. n. Vulso, consular tribune in 400 BC.
* Gnaeus Manlius (Vulso), consular tribune in 379 BC.
*
Lucius Manlius A. f. P. n. Vulso Longus, consul in 256 and 250 BC.
* Lucius Manlius L. f. A. n. Vulso, praetor ''peregrinus'' in 218 BC, was an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in 216.
*
Publius Manlius L. f. A. n. Vulso,
praetor
Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vari ...
in BC 210, received
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
as his province. He minted coins during his magistracy.
*
Gnaeus Manlius Cn. f. L. n. Vulso, curule aedile in 197 BC, praetor of Sicily in 195, and consul in 189 BC. As proconsul of Asia in 188–187, he negotiated the
Treaty of Apamea
The Treaty of Apamea was a peace treaty conducted in 188 BC between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III, ruler of the Seleucid Empire. It ended the Roman–Seleucid War. The treaty took place after Roman victories at the Battle of Thermopylae ...
with
Antiochus III
Antiochus III the Great (; grc-gre, Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας ; c. 2413 July 187 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 222 to 187 BC. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the r ...
.
* Lucius Manlius Cn. f. L. n. Vulso, praetor in 197 BC, received
Sicilia
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
as his province. He was also legate to his brother Gnaeus, the consul of 189, during his campaign in Asia. In 188, he demanded from Antiochus III his oath to uphold the Treaty of Apamea.
* Publius Manlius Vulso, praetor in 195 BC, was later again praetor in 182 BC.
*
Aulus Manlius Cn. f. L. n. Vulso, one of the triumvirs appointed to establish a colony in the territory of Thurii and
Frentinum from 194 to 192 BC. He was praetor ''suffectus'' in 189, and consul in 178. He was assigned the province of Cisalpine Gaul, whence he attacked and conquered
Istria.
* Lucius Manlius Vulso, ambassador in
Bythinia 149 BC.
Manlii Capitolini
*
Marcus Manlius P. f. Vulso Capitolinus, consul or consular tribune in 434 BC.
*
Lucius Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, consular tribune in 422 BC.
*
Aulus Manlius A. f. Cn. n. Vulso Capitolinus, consular tribune in 405, 402, and 397 BC.
['']Fasti Capitolini
The ''Fasti Capitolini'', or Capitoline Fasti, are a list of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, extending from the early fifth century BC down to the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Together with similar lists found at Rom ...
'', ; 1940, 59, 60.
* Titus Manlius A. f. Cn. n. Vulso Capitolinus, the father of Marcus, consul in 392 BC, and Aulus, four times consular tribune. He is only known from his sons' filiation.
*
Quintus Manlius A. f. Cn. n. Vulso Capitolinus, consular tribune in 396 BC.
*
Marcus Manlius T. f. A. n. Capitolinus, consul in 392 BC, the deliverer of the
Capitol
A capitol, named after the Capitoline Hill in Rome, is usually a legislative building where a legislature meets and makes laws for its respective political entity.
Specific capitols include:
* United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
* Numerous ...
from the
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...
. He was also
interrex
The interrex (plural interreges) was literally a ruler "between kings" (Latin ''inter reges'') during the Roman Kingdom and the Roman Republic. He was in effect a short-term regent.
History
The office of ''interrex'' was supposedly created follow ...
in 387.
*
Aulus Manlius T. f. A. n. Capitolinus, consular tribune in 389, 385, 383 and 370 BC.
* Titus Manlius T. f. A. n. Capitolinus, the brother of Marcus and Aulus Manlius Capitolinus.
*
Publius Manlius A. f. A. n. Capitolinus, consular tribune in 379 and 367 BC. As
dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in tim ...
in 368, he nominated the first plebeian magister equitum,
Gaius Licinius Calvus.
*
Lucius Manlius A. f. A. n. Capitolinus Imperiosus, dictator in 363 BC, and father of Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus. He was prosecuted in 362 by the tribune Marcus Pomponius for having stayed in power for more than six months, and for his cruelty toward some citizens and his own son, the future Torquatus, who nonetheless forced Pomponius to drop the charges against his father.
*
Gnaeus Manlius L. f. A. n. Capitolinus Imperiosus, consul in 359 and 357 BC, and Interrex in 355.
Manlii Torquati
![L](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/L._Sulla_%26_L._Manlius_Torquatus%2C_aureus%2C_82_BC%2C_RRC_367-4.jpg)
*
Titus Manlius L. f. A. n. Imperiosus Torquatus, dictator in 353, 349, and 320; and consul in 347, 344, and 340 BC, was a celebrated general, and won the name ''Torquatus'' for defeating a Gaulish champion in single combat, and taking his torque as a trophy. He is equally remembered for the severe discipline that he imposed upon his eldest son during his final consulship.
*
Titus Manlius T. f. L. n. Torquatus, while serving as prefect in 340 BC, he was put to death by his father, the consul, after disobeying orders to engage an enemy champion in single combat, hoping to replicate his father's feat.
*
Titus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, consul in 299 BC, thrown from his horse and killed.
* Lucius Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus,
legate
Legate may refer to:
*Legatus, a higher ranking general officer of the Roman army drawn from among the senatorial class
:*Legatus Augusti pro praetore, a provincial governor in the Roman Imperial period
*A member of a legation
*A representative, ...
of
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus (c. 337 BC270 BC) was one of the two elected Roman consuls in 298 BC. He led the Roman army to victory against the Etruscans near Volterra. A member of the noble Roman family of Scipiones, he was the father of L ...
in the great campaign of 295 BC.
*
Aulus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus Atticus, censor in 247 BC, consul in 244 and 241. He received a triumph during his second consulship for having thwarted a revolt of the
Falisci
Falisci ( grc, Φαλίσκοι, ''Phaliskoi'') is the ancient Roman exonym for an Italic tribe who lived in what is now northern Lazio, on the Etruscan side of the Tiber River. They spoke an Italic language, Faliscan, closely akin to Latin. ...
.
*
Titus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, consul in 235 and 224, censor in 231, propraetor in Sardinia in 215, and dictator in 208 BC. He was awarded a triumph in 235 for his campaign in Sardinia. He was also a pontiff.
* Aulus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, ''tribunus militum'' in 208 BC, he was killed with the consul
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Marcus Claudius Marcellus (; 270 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War. Marcellus gained the most prestigious award a Roma ...
in a Carthaginian ambush near
Petelia.
*
Titus Manlius A. f. T. n. Torquatus, praetor in 170 BC, consul in 165, and ambassador to Egypt in 162. He also became pontiff in 170.
*
Aulus Manlius A. f. T. n. Torquatus, praetor in 167 BC, and consul in 164.
* Titus Manlius T. f. A. n. Torquatus, praetor ''circa'' 136 BC. He was defeated by the revolted slaves of
Eunus
Eunus (died 132 BC) was a Roman slave from Apamea in Syria who became the leader of the slave uprising in the First Servile War (135 BC–132 BC) in the Roman province of Sicily. Eunus rose to prominence in the movement through his reputation a ...
in Sicily.
* Decimus Junius Silanus Manlianus, a natural son of Titus Manlius Torquatus, the consul of 165 BC. He was adopted into the Junii Silani. He was praetor in 142.
* Aulus Manlius T. f. A. n. Torquatus, son of Titus Manlius Torquatus, the consul of 165 BC.
* Lucius Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, quaestor between 113 and 112 BC. He minted coins during his magistracy.
* Titus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, son of the praetor of ''circa'' 136 BC. He died at an old age since he was still alive in 54 to serve as witness on behalf of Gnaeus Plancius.
[Mitchell, "The Torquati", p. 25.]
*
Lucius Manlius L. f. T. n. Torquatus, proquaestor in the staff of
Sulla in 82 BC, with whom he minted coins. He was then praetor in 68, perhaps proconsul of Asia in 67, consul in 65, and finally proconsul of Macedonia in 64 and 63.
* Titus Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus, possibly a praetor circa 69 BC. He studied under
Apollonius Molon in
Rhodes
Rhodes (; el, Ρόδος , translit=Ródos ) is the largest and the historical capital of the Dodecanese islands of Greece. Administratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Rhodes regional unit, which is part of the S ...
and was promised to the consulship, but died before he could be eligible.
* Manlia T. f. T. n., married her cousin Aulus Manlius Torquatus, the praetor of 70 BC.
* Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, the natural son of the
consul of 65 BC, he was adopted into the Manlii by Titus Manlius Torquatus after the death of his natural son. The adoption was just an artifice to make him eligible to the college of augurs, as it already counted a member of the gens Cornelia (
Faustus Cornelius Sulla), but none of the Manlii. Spinther did not even make the pretext of changing his name.
* Aulus Manlius A. f. T. n. Torquatus, praetor in 70, then
propraetor
In ancient Rome a promagistrate ( la, pro magistratu) was an ex-consul or ex-praetor whose ''imperium'' (the power to command an army) was extended at the end of his annual term of office or later. They were called proconsuls and propraetors. Thi ...
of
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
in 69, and ''quaesitor'' in 52. He was also a legate of
Pompeius in 67, tasked with the surveillance of the east of Spain and the Balearic Islands. He married his cousin, Manlia.
* Manlia, daughter of the consul of 65 and wife of
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.
*
Lucius Manlius L. f. L. n. Torquatus, praetor in 50 or 49 BC, was a partisan of Pompeius. After the
Battle of Thapsus
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and for ...
in 46, he failed to escape to Spain, and committed suicide with
Metellus Scipio
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (c. 95 – 46 BC), often referred to as Metellus Scipio, was a Roman senator and military commander. During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompey, he was a staunch supp ...
on a ship.
* Aulus Manlius L. f. L. n. Torquatus, quaestor of
Vibius Pansa in 43 BC. He supported
Brutus
Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Serv ...
and
Cassius, but survived the proscriptions of the
triumvirs
A triumvirate ( la, triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs ( la, triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal. Though the three leaders in a triumvirate are ...
, and later became a friend of
Horace. He was perhaps a pontiff.
* Aulus Manlius A. f. A. n. Torquatus, the elder son of Aulus Manlius Torquatus, praetor in 70 BC.
* Titus Manlius A. f. A. n. Torquatus, present in the house of
Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...
, where the case against
Deiotarus
Deiotarus of Galatia (in Galatian and Greek Deiotaros, surnamed Philoromaios ("Friend of the Romans"); 42 BC, 41 BC or 40 BC) was a Chief Tetrarch of the Tolistobogii in western Galatia, Asia Minor, and a King of Galatia ("Gallo-Graecia"). He was ...
was heard in 45 BC.
''Stemma'' of the Manlii Torquati
''Stemma'' taken from Münzer until "A. Manlius Torquatus, d. 208", and then Mitchell, with corrections. All dates are BC.
Manlii Acidini
![A](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/A._Manlius_Q.f._Sergianus%2C_denarius%2C_118-107_BC%2C_RRC_309-1.jpg)
*
Lucius Manlius L. f. Acidinus,
praetor
Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vari ...
''urbanus'' in 210 BC and
proconsul
A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority.
In the Roman Republic, military command, or ...
of Hispania in 206, where he succeeded
Scipio Africanus. He stayed in command there until 200.
*
Lucius Manlius L. f. L. n. Fulvianus, the natural son of
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, was adopted by Lucius Manlius Acidinus, the praetor of 210 BC. Fulvianus was praetor in
Hispania Citerior in 188 BC, proconsul in Spain from 187 to 185, an ambassador to the Gauls, and one of the triumvirs appointed to establish a colony at
Aquileia in 183, and finally consul in 179, with his natural brother,
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.
*
Lucius Manlius L. f. L. n. Acidinus, a
military tribune
A military tribune (Latin ''tribunus militum'', "tribune of the soldiers") was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion. Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribune as a stepping stone ...
in 171 BC, and
quaestor in 168.
[Livy, xlii. 49.]
* Manlius Acidinus M. f., military tribune in 171 BC.
* Manlius Acidinus, an acquaintance of
the younger Cicero in 45 BC.
Others
![A](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/A._Manlius_A.f.%2C_aureus%2C_80_BC%2C_RRC_381-1a.jpg)
* Marcus Manlius Tullus, according to Livy, consul in 500 BC; evidently an error for
Manius Tullius Longus
Manius Tullius Longus ( 500 BC) was consul at Rome in 500 BC, with Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.
Livius reports that no important events occurred during this year and has Longus incorrectly named as Marcus Manlius Tullus. Dionysius inste ...
.
* Publius Manlius, ''
epulo'' in 196, praetor in
Hither Spain in 195. He was possibly expelled from the Senate by
Cato the Censor
Marcus Porcius Cato (; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor ( la, Censorius), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write hi ...
for having kissed his wife in front of his daughter. Reintegrated as praetor in 182, he was sent to
Farther Spain, where he stayed as promagistrate for two years. He died in 180 at his return from Spain.
* Aulus Manlius Q. f., ''triumvir monetalis'' between 118 and 107 BC, and legate of
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (; – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important refor ...
in 107, during the war against
Jugurtha
Jugurtha or Jugurthen ( Libyco-Berber ''Yugurten'' or '' Yugarten'', c. 160 – 104 BC) was a king of Numidia. When the Numidian king Micipsa, who had adopted Jugurtha, died in 118 BC, Jugurtha and his two adoptive brothers, Hiempsal and A ...
. He was one of the envoys sent to obtain Jugurtha's surrender. From the inscriptions on his coins, Münzer supposes that he bore the cognomen ''Sergianus''.
* Titus Manlius Mancinus, ''triumvir monetalis'' between 111 and 110 BC and tribune of the plebs in 107.
* Aulus Manlius A. f. Q. n., quaestor in 80 BC. He minted gold coins during his magistracy, which shows he was a supporter of Sulla.
* Lucius Manlius, possibly praetor in 79 BC, and proconsul in
Transalpine Gaul
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the ...
in 78. He was defeated in Spain by
Lucius Hirtuleius,
Sertorius
Quintus Sertorius (c. 126 – 73 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who led a large-scale rebellion against the Roman Senate on the Iberian peninsula. He had been a prominent member of the populist faction of Cinna and Marius. During the l ...
' legate.
* Quintus Manlius A. f. Q. n., ''triumvir capitalis'' circa 77 BC, and tribune of the plebs in 69.
* Gnaeus Manlius, praetor in 72, defeated by Sertorius.
* Manlius Priscus, a legate of Pompey in 65 BC, during the war against
Mithridates VI
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator ( grc-gre, Μιθραδάτης; 135–63 BC) was ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He was an e ...
.
* Manlius Lentinus, legate of
Gaius Pomptinus in
Gallia Narbonensis, won a decisive victory over the Gauls, and captured the city of Ventia in 61 BC.
* Gnaeus Manlius,
tribune of the plebs
Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune ( la, tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power o ...
in 58 BC, proposed a law granting the ''libertini'' the right to vote as members of any
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...
. The law was blocked by the praetor
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. Manlius is sometimes confused with Gaius Manilius, who proposed a similar law in 66 BC.
* Titus Manlius T. f., may have been a legate in Spain between 45 and 42 BC, as he is named on a coin of Brutobriga. From the inscription, Münzer supposes that his cognomen was ''Sergianus''.
* Quintus Manlius Ancharius Tarquitius Saturninus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 62, and proconsul of Africa in 72 and 73.
* Titus Manlius Valens, consul in AD 96, died the same year.
[Cassius Dio, lxvii. 14.]
*
Manlia Scantilla, wife of
Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Julianus (; 29 January 133 or 137 – 2 June 193) was Roman emperor for nine weeks from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors. Julianus had a promising political career, governing several provinces, including Da ...
, and Roman empress in AD 193.
*
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480 – 524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, ''magister officiorum'', historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the tran ...
, an influential
Christian philosopher of the fifth century.
See also
*
List of Roman gentes
The gens (plural gentes) was a Roman family, of Italic or Etruscan origins, consisting of all those individuals who shared the same '' nomen'' and claimed descent from a common ancestor. It was an important social and legal structure in early ...
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
*
Polybius, ''
Historiae'' (The Histories).
*
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the esta ...
, ''
Brutus
Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Serv ...
'', ''De Finibus'', ''De Lege Agraria contra Rullum'', ''Pro Plancio, Pro Rege Deiotaro.''
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus (
Sallust
Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (; 86 – ), was a Roman historian and politician from an Italian plebeian family. Probably born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines, Sallust became during the 50s BC a partisan ...
), ''Bellum Jugurthinum'' (The Jugurthine War).
*
Gaius Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
, ''
De Bello Africo
''De Bello Africo'' (also ''Bellum Africum''; ''On the African War'') is a Latin work continuing Julius Caesar's accounts of his campaigns, ''De Bello Gallico'' and '' De Bello Civili'', and its sequel by an unknown author '' De Bello Alexandri ...
'' (The African War, attributed).
*
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Romaike Archaiologia'' (Roman Antiquities).
* Titus Livius (
Livy
Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...
), ''
History of Rome
The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced m ...
''.
*
Asconius Pedianus
Quintus Asconius Pedianus (BC 9 - AD 76) was a Roman historian. There is no evidence that Asconius engaged in a public career, but he was familiar both with Roman government of his time and with the geography of the city. He may, therefore, have w ...
, ''Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis
Pro Milone
The "Pro Tito Annio Milone ad iudicem oratio" (Pro Milone) is a speech made by Marcus Tullius Cicero in 52 BC on behalf of his friend Titus Annius Milo. Milo was accused of murdering his political enemy Publius Clodius Pulcher on the Via Appia. Cic ...
'' (Commentary on Cicero's Oration ''Pro Milone'').
*
Publius Cornelius Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.
The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...
, ''
Annales
Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts.
List of works with titles contai ...
'', ''
Historiae''.
* Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (
Plutarch
Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...
), ''
Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans
Plutarch's ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans'', commonly called ''Parallel Lives'' or ''Plutarch's Lives'', is a series of 48 biographies of famous men, arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, probably writt ...
''.
*
Lucius Annaeus Florus, ''Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC'' (Epitome of Livy: All the Wars of Seven Hundred Years).
* Appianus Alexandrinus (
Appian
Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Ha ...
), ''Bella Mithridatica'' (The Mithridatic Wars), ''Bellum Civile'' (The Civil War).
*
Cassius Dio
Lucius Cassius Dio (), also known as Dio Cassius ( ), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history on ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the ...
, ''Roman History''.
*
Paulus Orosius
Paulus Orosius (; born 375/385 – 420 AD), less often Paul Orosius in English, was a Roman priest, historian and theologian, and a student of Augustine of Hippo. It is possible that he was born in ''Bracara Augusta'' (now Braga, Portugal), th ...
, ''Historiarum Adversum Paganos'' (History Against the Pagans).
*
Joseph Hilarius Eckhel
Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (13 January 1737 – 16 May 1798) was an Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist.
Biography
Eckhel was born at Enzersfeld, in Lower Austria.
His father was farm-steward to Count Zinzendorf, and he received his early educ ...
, ''Doctrina Numorum Veterum'' (The Study of Ancient Coins, 1792–1798).
* ''
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...
'',
William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
*
Théophile Homolle,
Inscriptions de Délos relatives à des personnages romains, in ''Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique'', 1879, 3, pp. 146–162.
*
August Pauly,
Georg Wissowa
Georg Otto August Wissowa (17 June 1859 – 11 May 1931) was a German classical philologist born in Neudorf, near Breslau.
Education and career
Wissowa studied classical philology under August Reifferscheid at the University of Bresla ...
, ''et alii'', ''
Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897).
*
Michael Grant, ''From Imperium to Auctoritas: a Historical Study of Aes Coinage in the Roman Empire, 49 BC–AD 14'', Cambridge University Press (1946).
*
Lily Ross Taylor
Lily Ross Taylor (born August 12, 1886, in Auburn, Alabama - died November 18, 1969, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) was an American academic and author, who in 1917 became the first female Fellow of the American Academy in Rome.
Biography
Born in ...
, "Augustan Editing in the Capitoline Fasti", in ''Classical Philology'', vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 73–80 (April 1951); ''The Voting Districts of the Roman Republic'', University of Michigan Press (1960).
*
* Jane F. Mitchell,
The Torquati, in ''
Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', vol. 15, part 1, pp. 23–31 (January 1966).
* Harold Mattingly,
The Numismatic Evidence and the Founding of Narbo Martius, in ''Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise'', No. 5, pp. 1–19 (1972).
*
*
Michael Crawford
Michael Patrick Smith, (born 19 January 1942), known professionally as Michael Crawford, is an English tenor, actor and comedian.
Crawford is best known for playing both the hapless Frank Spencer in the sitcom '' Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em'' a ...
, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', Cambridge University Press (1974–2001).
* M. Gwyn Morgan, "'Cornelius and the Pannonians': Appian, Illyrica 14, 41 and Roman History, 143–138 B.C.", in ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', vol. 23, part 2 (2nd Qtr., 1974), pp. 183–216.
{{Refend
Roman gentes