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Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus (died 384 BC; sometimes spelled ''Manilius'') was consul of the Roman Republic in 392 BC. He was the brother of Aulus Manlius Capitolinus. The Manlii were a patrician ''gens''. Biography During the Gallic siege of Rome in 390 (or 387) BC, the account of which became partly mythologized, Marcus Manlius held out for months with a small garrison on the citadel ''(arx)'', while the rest of Rome was abandoned. When Gauls under the command of Brennus were attempting to scale the Capitoline, Manlius was roused by the cackling of the sacred geese, rushed to the spot, and threw down the foremost assailants. Capitolinus was remembered as one of the greatest soldiers in the history of Rome. :The military honours of Manlius Capitolinus would have been no less splendid than his, if they had not been all effaced at the close of his life. Before his seventeenth year, he had gained two spoils, and was the first of equestrian rank who received a mural crown; he a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JUST IN TIME TO HURL DOWN THE FOREMOST OF THE ATTACKING PARTY
Just or JUST may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Just (surname) * Just (given name) Arts and entertainment * ''Just'', a 1998 album by Dave Lindholm * "Just" (song), a song by Radiohead * "Just", a song from the album ''Lost and Found'' by Mudvayne * ''Just!'' (series), a series of short-story collections for children by Andy Griffiths JUST * Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan * Jessore University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh * Jinwen University of Science and Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan Businesses * Just Group plc, a British company specialising in retirement products and services * Just Group, an Australian owner and operator of seven retail brands * JUST, Inc., an American food manufacturing company See also * * List of people known as the Just * Saint-Just (other) * Justice Justice, in its broadest sense, is the principle that people receive that which they deserve, with the interpretation of what then constitutes "deserving" bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plebs
In ancient Rome, the plebeians (also called plebs) were the general body of free Roman citizenship, Roman citizens who were not Patrician (ancient Rome), patricians, as determined by the capite censi, census, or in other words "commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of the group and the term are unclear, but may be related to the Greek, ''plēthos'', meaning masses. In Latin, the word is a grammatical number, singular collective noun, and its genitive is . Plebeians were not a monolithic social class. Those who resided in the city and were part of the four urban tribes are sometimes called the , while those who lived in the country and were part of the 31 smaller rural tribes are sometimes differentiated by using the label . (List of Roman tribes) In ancient Rome In the annalistic tradition of Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dionysius, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was as old as Rome itself, instituted by Romulus' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Valerius Potitus Poplicola
Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from ''Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames (''praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from Latin word ''Lux'' (gen. ''lucis''), meaning "light" (< PIE ''*leuk-'' "brightness", Latin verb ''lucere'' "to shine"), and is a cognate of the name Lucas. Another etymology proposed is a derivation from ''Lauchum'' (or ''Lauchme'') meaning "", wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribuni Militum Consulari Potestate
A consular tribune was putatively a type of magistrate in the early Roman Republic. According to Roman tradition, colleges of consular tribunes held office throughout the fifth and fourth centuries BC during the so-called "Conflict of the Orders". The ancient historian Livy offered two explanations: the Roman state could have needed more magistrates to support its military endeavours; alternatively, the consular tribunate was offered in lieu of the ordinary consulship to plebeians so to maintain a patrician lock on the consulship. Modern views have challenged this account for various reasons. No consular tribune ever celebrated a triumph and appointment of military dictators was unabated through this period. Furthermore, the vast majority of consular tribunes elected were patrician. Some modern scholars believe the consular tribunes were elected to support Rome's expanded military presence in Italy or otherwise to command detachments and armies. More critical views believe t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Servius Sulpicius Camerinus
Servius is the name of: * Servius (praenomen), the personal name * Maurus Servius Honoratus, a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian * Servius Tullius, the Roman king * Servius Sulpicius Rufus Servius Sulpicius Rufus (c. 105 BC – 43 BC), was a Roman orator and jurist. He was consul in 51 BC. Biography Early life He studied rhetoric with Cicero, accompanying him to Rhodes in 78 BC, though Sulpicius decided subsequently to pursue lega ..., the 1st century BC Roman jurist See also * Servius Sulpicius Galba (other) {{hndis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus
Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus was a Roman statesman and general who had a prominent career in the early 4th century BC, serving once as consul, and four times as consular tribune, as well as perhaps serving as Princeps senatus. Family and name Lucretius was a member of the patrician family of the Lucretii Tricipitini, a house whose members were integral to the founding of the Roman Republic. Indeed, Lucretia, whose rape by Sextus Tarquinius sparked the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, was a member of this house and her father Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus was one of the first consuls in 509 BC. From this early period, the Lucretii Tricipitini remained fairly significant, if slightly overshadowed by more prominent houses. As we do not have his filiation, the name of Lucretius' father is unknown, but he may have been Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus, who was consular tribune in 419 and 417 BC, however it is impossible for this to be truly determined. The additional name "F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Republican Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognomen
A ''cognomen'' (; plural ''cognomina''; from ''con-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary ''cognomina'' were used to augment the second name, the ''nomen gentilicium'' (the family name, or clan name), in order to identify a particular branch within a family or family within a clan. The term has also taken on other contemporary meanings. Roman names Because of the limited nature of the Latin '' praenomen'', the ''cognomen'' developed to distinguish branches of the family from one another, and occasionally, to highlight an individual's achievement, typically in warfare. One example of this is Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, whose cognomen ''Magnus'' was earned after his military victories under Sulla's dictatorship. The ''cognomen'' was a form of distinguishing people who accomplished important feats, and those who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature for being "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, '' A History of Rome''", after having been nominated by 18 members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code. Life Mommsen was born to German parents in Garding in the Duchy of Schleswig in 1817, then ruled by the king of Denmark, and grew up in Bad Oldesloe in Holstein, where his fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarpeian Rock
The Tarpeian Rock (; Latin: ' or '; it, Rupe Tarpea) is a steep cliff on the south side of the Capitoline Hill, which was used in Ancient Rome as a site of execution. Murderers, traitors, perjurors, and larcenous slaves, if convicted by the ''quaestores parricidii'', were flung from the cliff to their deaths. The cliff was about 25 meters high. History According to early Roman histories, when the Sabine ruler Titus Tatius attacked Rome after the Rape of the Sabines (8th century BC), the Vestal Virgin Tarpeia, daughter of Spurius Tarpeius, governor of the citadel on the Capitoline Hill, betrayed the Romans by opening the Porta Pandana gate for Titus Tatius in return for "what the Sabines bore on their arms" (golden bracelets and bejeweled rings). In Book 1 of Livy's ''Ab Urbe Condita'', the Sabines "having been accepted into the citadel, he Sabineskilled her, having been overwhelmed by weapons, and "", meaning, "heyheaped up shields n her. The Sabines crushed her to death wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Assemblies
The Roman Assemblies were institutions in ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B .... They functioned as the machinery of the Roman legislative branch, and thus (theoretically at least) passed all legislation. Since the assemblies operated on the basis of a direct democracy, ordinary citizens, and not elected representatives, would cast all ballots. The assemblies were subject to strong checks on their power by the executive branch and by the Roman Senate. Laws were passed (and magistrates elected) by Curia (in the Curiate Assembly), Tribes (in the Tribal Assembly), and century (in the Centuriate Assembly). When the city of Rome was founded (traditionally dated at 753 BC), a senate and an assembly, the Curiate Assembly, were both created. The Curiate Assembly wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex (king)
The Latin title ''rex'' has the meaning of "king, ruler" (monarch). It is derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₃rḗǵs''. Its cognates include Sanskrit ''rājan'', Gothic ''reiks'', and Old Irish '' rí'', etc. Its Greek equivalent is ''archon'' (ἄρχων), "leader, ruler, chieftain". The chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom was titled ''Rex Romae'' (King of Rome). Usage *Rex Catholicissimus (Most Catholic King), awarded by the Pope to the Spanish monarchs since 1493 *Romanorum Rex (King of the Romans), used by the German king since the 11th century *Rex Britanniae (King of Britain), Æthelbald of Mercia (737) *Rex Scottorum ( King of the Scots), used by the Scottish king between the 11th century and 1707 *Rex Sclavorum ( King of the Slavs), various Medieval Slavic rulers See also * R. *Reich * Dux *Basileus *Germanic king Germanic kingship is a thesis regarding the role of kings among the pre-Christianized Germanic tribes of the Migration period (c. 300–700 AD) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
