''Mangifera odorata'' (commonly known as kwini, kweni, kuweni, kuwini, kuini, or Saipan mango) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is commonly found along coastal towns or travel routes in Southeast Asia. "Also found in Peninsular Thailand, South Sulawesi and in Philippines on South coast of Mindanao, in Sulu Archipelago and neighboring islands". "It is a well known fruit tree commonly cultivated in villages throughout Southeast Asia". ''M. odorata'' has a skin that is yellow to green in colour. The flesh of the fruit has an orange to yellow colour and is sour or sweet when eaten. The fruits are round in shape and have a smooth skin that range from yellow-green. The tree flowers have a pleasant fragrance. The fruits are round or oblong in shape and have a skin that ranges from yellow-green.

Description

Morphology

''Mangifera odorata'' is a fruit plant that grows approximately 10–15 m in height, hardly ever growing past 20 m. The crown has a wide round shape. The trunk stands in an upright straight position that appears to have a grayish colour "containing an irritant sap". Leaf morphology is "oblong-lance shaped" that has a "non-wavy edge". Veins are also noticeable on the leaf. The plant has flowers are approximately 6 mm wide, emit a pleasant scent as well as appear to be yellowish-green in colour. The rachis has a reddish-brown colour.

Petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are lance-shaped and at the base have a yellowish colour but turn dark red later on. The apex or tip of the petal is pale pink in colour. The sepals which appear to be brown-red or partly green in colour look oval shaped and are roughly 3–4 mm long. Within the flower, there is 1 fertile

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

that serve in reproduction and is about 5 mm in length. The

staminode In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. ...

s which are approximately 1.5–2 mm long. Another reproductive organ called the

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

is round in shape, yellowish to dark red and about 3–5 mm in length. The

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...

is "elliptic and tapering towards poles" Mangif odor 080130-4199 tdp

The fruit has a yellow to green skin colour. When it is ripe the skin turns green. The flesh is orange to yellow and can taste sweet or source when consumed. The seed inside is both flat in shape with a hairy/fibrous surface.

Origin and Distribution

''Mangifera odorata'' exact origins are unknown. However, the species represents a hybrid between ''Mangifera indica'' known as the Indian mango and ''Mangifera foetida'' which is known as the horse mango. ''M.odorata'' is native to tropical Asia and can be found in areas such as Philippines, Peninsular Thailand, South Sulawesi, Sulu Archipelago and other close islands". "In Southeast Asia it is an introduced species".

Habitat

''Mangifera odorata'' thrive in tropical wet climates which have both heavy and moderate rainfall. However, they are unable to survive and grow in places that have continuous dry climates. ''M. odorata'' is common in cultivation but does not normally grow in the wild.

Pests

''Mangifera odorata'' is known to be a major host of ''

Bactrocera dorsalis ''Bactrocera dorsalis'', previously known as ''Dacus dorsalis'' and commonly referred to as the oriental fruit fly, is a species of tephritid fruit fly that is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is one of the major pest species in the genus ''Bactro ...

'', '' Ciripestis eutraphera'', ''

Coptotermes ''Coptotermes'' is a genus of termites in the family Rhinotermitidae. Many of the roughlty 71 species are economically destructive pests. The genus is thought to have originated in Southeast Asia. Worker termites from this genus forage undergroun ...

'', ''Coptotermes cuvignathus'', ''Cryptorhynchus frigidus'', ''Deanolis albizonalis,'' ''

Marasmiellus scandens ''Marasmiellus scandens'' is a plant pathogen that causes white thread on cocoa Cocoa may refer to: Chocolate * Chocolate * ''Theobroma cacao'', the cocoa tree * Cocoa bean, seed of ''Theobroma cacao'' * Chocolate liquor, or cocoa liquor, pur ...

'' and ''

Marasmius crinis-equi ''Marasmius crinis-equi'' is a plant pathogen. It is commonly known as the 'horse hair fungus', and appears on rainforest leaves as a wiry stipe with a delicate fruitbody. The cap of the fruitbody can be up to 4 mm in diameter, and is pa ...

''.

Food/Nutrition

''M.odorata'' is a fruit which can be consumed. While it can be consumed in its raw form, the fruit is usually made or incorporated into something else such as chutneys. ''M. odorata'' fruit pulp is also a good source of nutrition. When ''M.odorata'' has not reached maturity, its pulp is a good source for "dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E". The mature pulp is good to eat because of "protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin". The fruit's seed kernel is "rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash". The peel or skin is a great source of "fibre, minerals, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid".

Conservation Status

They are considered to be data deficient and are not label as endangered, threatened, or extinct. Their genetic material is stored in germplasm repositories where it may be used for future cultivar and research uses.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q203981 odorata Flora of Guam Trees of the Philippines Trees of Thailand Trees of Vietnam Taxonomy articles created by Polbot