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Bactrocera Dorsalis
''Bactrocera dorsalis'', previously known as ''Dacus dorsalis'' and commonly referred to as the oriental fruit fly, is a species of tephritid fruit fly that is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is one of the major pest species in the genus ''Bactrocera'' with a broad host range of cultivated and wild fruits. Male ''B. dorsalis'' respond strongly to methyl eugenol, which is used to monitor and estimate populations, as well as to annihilate males as a form of pest control. They are also important pollinators and visitors of wild orchids, ''Bulbophyllum cheiri'' and ''Bulbophyllum vinaceum'' in Southeast Asia, which lure the flies using methyl eugenol. The fly is similar to the closely related species '' B. carambolae'' and '' B. occipitalis.'' The species name ''B. dorsalis'' is identical to other synonyms ''B. papayae, B. invadens'' and ''B. philippinensis''. Description ''B. dorsalis'' is a species of tephritid fruit fly. Flies that belong to this family are usually small to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrocera Dorsalis - Oriental Fruit Fly - At Chooliyad 2014 (1)
''Bactrocera'' is a large genus of Tephritidae, tephritid fruit flies, with close to 500 species currently described and accepted. Name The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''bakter'' "rod" and ''kera'' "horn". Systematics Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera ''Dacus'' or ''Strumeta''. ''Bactrocera'' became the main genus for the tribe after ''Bactrocera'' and ''Dacus'' were split, but ''Bactrocera'' was further divided into ''Zeugodacus'' and ''Bactrocera'' in 2015. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2019) Further notes on subgenus ''Tetradacus'' Miyake of ''Bactrocera'' Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with a revised key to species. Australian Entomologist 46: 43–46. *''Afrodacus'' *''Aglaodacus (subgenus), Aglaodacus'' *''Apodacus (subgenus), A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrocera Occipitalis
''Bactrocera'' is a large genus of tephritid fruit flies, with close to 500 species currently described and accepted. Name The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''bakter'' "rod" and ''kera'' "horn". Systematics Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera ''Dacus'' or ''Strumeta''. ''Bactrocera'' became the main genus for the tribe after ''Bactrocera'' and ''Dacus'' were split, but ''Bactrocera'' was further divided into ''Zeugodacus'' and ''Bactrocera'' in 2015. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2019) Further notes on subgenus ''Tetradacus'' Miyake of ''Bactrocera'' Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with a revised key to species. Australian Entomologist 46: 43–46. *''Afrodacus Afrodacus is a subgenus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Georg Hendel
Friedrich Georg Hendel (14 December 1874- 26 June 1936) was an Austrian high school director and entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He described very many new species and made important contributions to the higher taxonomy of the Diptera. He was born in Vienna and died in Baden bei Wien. His collection is in the Vienna Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum Vienna (german: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the most important natural history museums worldwide. The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museum .... Works Selection 1908-1914 *1908 Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux ailes (Diptera L.), d’après un plan tout nouveau par J. G. Meigen, Paris, an VIII (1800 v.s.). ''Mit einem Kommentar. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges.Wien'' 58: 43-69. *1910 Über die Nomenklatur der Acalyptratengattungen nach Th. Beckers Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren, Bd. 4. ''Wien. Ent. Ztg.'' 29: 307-313. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placer County, California
Placer County ( ; Spanish for "sand deposit"), officially the County of Placer, is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 404,739. The county seat is Auburn. Placer County is included in the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. It is in both the Sacramento Valley and Sierra Nevada regions, in what is known as the Gold Country. The county stretches roughly 65 miles (105 km) from Sacramento's suburbs at Roseville to the Nevada border and the shore of Lake Tahoe. Etymology The discovery of gold in 1848 brought tens of thousands of miners from around the world during the California Gold Rush. In addition, many more thousands came to provide goods and services to the miners. On April 25, 1851, the fast-growing county was formed from parts of Sutter and Yuba Counties with Auburn as the county seat. Placer County took its name from the Spanish word for sand or gravel deposits containing gold. Miners washed away the gravel, leaving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comamonadaceae
The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria.Willems A., J. De Ley, M. Gillis, and K. Kersters. ''Comamonadaceae, a New Family Encompassing the Acidovorans rRNA Complex, Including Variovorax paradoxus gen. nov.,comb. nov. for Alcaligenes paradoxus (Davis 1969).'' 1991. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 41: 445-45PDF Online/ref> Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. They are aerobic Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise * Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cel ... and most of the species are motile via flagella. The cells are curved rod-shaped.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterococcaceae
The Enterococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria placed in the order Lactobacillales. Representative genera include ''Enterococcus'', '' Melissococcus'', '' Pilibacter'', ''Tetragenococcus'', and ''Vagococcus''. In this family are some important lactic acid bacteria which produce lactic acid Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula . It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water. When in the dissolved state, it forms a colorless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natu ... as the major metabolic end product. References External links EnterococcaceaeJ.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature Lactobacillales {{lactobacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The name "Firmicutes" was derived from the Latin words for "tough skin," referring to the thick cell wall typical of bacteria in this phylum. Scientists once classified the Firmicutes to include all gram-positive bacteria, but have recently defined them to be of a core group of related forms called the low- G+C group, in contrast to the Actinomycetota. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Firmicutes, such as ''Megasphaera'', ''Pectinatus'', ''Selenomonas'' and ''Zymophilus'', have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain gram-negative. Many Bacillota (Firmicutes) produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as ''Escherichia'', '' Salmonella'', ''Vibrio'', ''Yersinia'', ''Legionella'', and many others.Slonczewski JL, Foster JW, Foster E. Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Ed. WW Norton & Company; 2020. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was later informally named Proteobacteria, after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes (not after the Proteobacteria genus ''Proteus''). In 2021 the Internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands of times smaller than a resolvable object seen in a light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy is a major analytical method i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senescence
Senescence () or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. The word ''senescence'' can refer to either cellular senescence or to senescence of the whole organism. Organismal senescence involves an increase in death rates and/or a decrease in fecundity with increasing age, at least in the latter part of an organism's life cycle. Senescence is the inevitable fate of almost all multicellular organisms with germ-soma separation, but it can be delayed. The discovery, in 1934, that calorie restriction can extend lifespan by 50% in rats, and the existence of species having negligible senescence and potentially immortal organisms such as '' Hydra'', have motivated research into delaying senescence and thus age-related diseases. Rare human mutations can cause accelerated aging diseases. Environmental factors may affect aging – for example, overexposure to ultraviolet radiation accelerates skin aging. Different parts of the body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyandry
Polyandry (; ) is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. Polyandry is contrasted with polygyny, involving one male and two or more females. If a marriage involves a plural number of "husbands and wives" participants of each gender, then it can be called polygamy, group marriage, group or conjoint marriage. In its broadest use, polyandry refers to sexual relations with multiple males within or without marriage. Of the 1,231 societies listed in the 1980 Ethnographic Atlas, 186 were found to be monogamous, 453 had occasional polygyny, 588 had more frequent polygyny, and 4 had polyandry.''Ethnographic Atlas Codebook'' derived from George P. Murdock's ''Ethnographic Atlas'' recording the marital composition of 1,231 societies from 1960 to 1980. Polyandry is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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