Mangeliidae is a
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
family of small to medium-sized, predatory
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusks in the superfamily
Conoidea.
[Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153853 on 2017-02-23][Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". '' Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp.]
Prior to 2011, both the
subfamilies
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Mangeliinae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Re ...
and
Oenopotinae had been placed in the family
Conidae
Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea.
The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...
. In 2011,
Bouchet, Kantor ''et al'' merged the two subfamilies into one
taxon, which they elevated to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three
gene fragments.
Mangeliidae is a sister-
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
to the family
Raphitomidae
As with their relatives in the family Conidae, species in the family Mangelidae use potent venoms to catch their prey. Through this characteristic, they are of interest in pharmacological research.
Description
This family is characterized in general by usually the lack of an
operculum, by a deep
anal sinus
The anal sinuses (rectal sinuses) are furrows in the anal canal, that separate the anal columns from one another. The anal sinuses end below in small valve-like folds, termed anal valves
The anal valves are small valve-like folds at the lower ends ...
on the subsutural ramp and with a heavy callus on the shoulder slope of the outer
lip.
The Mangeliidae are small to medium-sized gastropods (length usually smaller than 30 mm). The high-spired shell has a fusiform to an oval or biconical shape. The
protoconch
A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...
is helicoid, with a very small initial, and rapidly increasing subsequent
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
s. The
spire is usually comparatively low. The shoulders of the
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
s are often angular. The axial ribs are dominant in the
sculpture of the shell. The spiral sculpture often consists of fine striae with a microsculpture of spirally aligned granules (especially on the subsutural ramp). The texture of the adult shell is frequently "gritty," from a sculpture of minute grains. The
aperture is oval-elongated, usually narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated
siphonal canal
The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...
. The aperture is only rarely denticulate. The outer lip (labrum) is reinforced. The
varix is usually well developed, and the fasciole evanescent. A series of pustules on the
columella is an ordinary feature. The toxoglossate
radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with very variable morphology (from semi-enrolled to true hypodermic). The tooth cavity opens laterally.
However, the genera ''Neoguraleus'' and ''Liracraea'' are operculate; the
operculum in these genera has a terminal nucleus. These exceptions mean that the reinforced outer
lip is the most characteristic feature of this family.
The species in this family occurred from the
Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
to
Recent
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together ...
.
Genera
This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the family Mangeliidae (the main reference for
Holocene species is the World Register of Marine Species):
* ''
Acmaturris
''Acmaturris'' is a genus of minute sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2016). Acmaturris Woodring, 1928. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Regis ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Agathotoma
''Agathotoma'' is a genus of minute sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Description
Typical character of this genus: the spiral Sculpture (mollusc), sculpture consis ...
''
Cossman, 1899
* † ''
Amblyacrum
''Amblyacrum'' is a genus of extinct minute sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Amblyacrum Cossmann, 1889 †. Accessed through: Wor ...
''
Cossmann, 1889
* ''
Anticlinura''
Thiele, 1934
* ''
Antiguraleus
''Antiguraleus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). Antiguraleus. Accessed through: World Register of Marine * At http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=432395 on 2012 ...
''
Powell, 1942
* ''
Apispiralia
''Apispiralia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snail ...
''
Laseron, 1954
* ''
Apitua
''Apitua'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails an ...
''
Laseron, 1954
* ''
Austrobela''
Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020
* ''
Bactrocythara
''Bactrocythara'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Bactrocythara'' include:
* ''Bactrocythara agachada'' Rolán, Otero-Schmit ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Bela''
Gray, 1847
* ''
Belalora
''Belalora'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Belalora'' include:
* '' Belalora cunninghami'' (E. A. Smith, 1881)
* ''Belalora striatula'' (Thiele, 1912)
* '' Belalo ...
''
Powell, 1951
* † ''
Belidaphne
''Belidaphne'' is a genus of extinct sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class compris ...
''
Vera-Peláez, 2002
* ''
Bellacythara
''Bellacythara'' is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Bellacythara McLean, 1971. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...
''
McLean, 1971
* ''
Benthomangelia''
Thiele, 1925
* ''
Brachycythara
''Brachycythara'' is a genus of very small predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Description
(Original description) The shell is small, stout and biconic. The protoconch is s ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* † ''
Buchozia
''Buchozia'' is a genus of extinct minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Mangeliidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Buchozia Bayan, 1873 †. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...
''
Bayan, 1873
* ''
Cacodaphnella
''Cacodaphnella'' is a monotypic genus of very small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropo ...
''
Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933
* ''
Citharomangelia
''Citharomangelia'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Citharomangelia Kilburn, 1992. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...
''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Cryoturris
''Cryoturris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Description
The shell is small or medium-sized, slender or moderately slender. The Whorl (mollusc), whorls are angula ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Curtitoma''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''
Cythara''
Fischer, 1883 (''nomen dubium'')
* ''
Cytharopsis
''Cytharopsis'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Cytharopsis A. Adams, 1865. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...
''
A. Adams, 1865
* ''
Eucithara
''Eucithara'' is a genus of small to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
This genus has been a convenient dumping ground for many Indo-Pacific species. A profound study is still lacking and polyphyly pro ...
''
Fischer, 1883
* ''
Euryentmema
''Euryentmema'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Genotina
''Genotina'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae,
Species
Species within the genus ''Genotina'' include:
* ''Genotina adamii
''Genotina adamii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mo ...
'' V
era-Peláez, 2004
* ''
Gingicithara
''Gingicithara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae,Bouchet, P. (2011). Gingicithara Kilburn, 1992. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Glyphoturris''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Granotoma''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''
Granoturris
''Granoturris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Granoturris'' include:
* '' Granoturris padolina'' Fargo, 1953
* '' Granoturris presleyi'' Lyons, 1972
; Speci ...
''
Fargo, 1953
* ''
Guraleus
''Guraleus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
Description
The thin shell is fusiform or subcylindrical. The colour ranges from uniform buff, with or without chocolate spiral lines or bands, to entir ...
''
Hedley, 1918
* ''
Hemicythara
''Hemicythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snail ...
''
Kuroda & Oyama, 1971
* ''
Heterocithara
''Heterocithara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2012). Heterocithara. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...
''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Ithycythara
''Ithycythara'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Description
The spiral Sculpture (mollusc), sculpture is lacking or consists of microscopic striae. There may ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Kurtzia''
Bartsch 1944
* ''
Kurtziella''
Dall, 1918
* ''
Kurtzina
''Kurtzina'' is a genus of small, predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Kurtzina Bartsch, 1944. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of ...
''
Bartsch, 1944
* ''
Kyllinia''
Garilli & Galletti, 2007
* ''
Leiocithara
''Leiocithara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Leiocithara Hedley, 1922. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.or ...
''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Liracraea
''Liracraea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Liracraea Odhner, 1924. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...
''
Odhner, 1924
*''
Lorabela''
Powell, 1951
* ''
Macteola
''Macteola'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Macteola Hedley, 1918. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ ...
''
Hedley, 1918
* ''
Mangelia
''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Amon ...
''
Risso, 1826
* ''
Marita''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Mitraguraleus
''Mitraguraleus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Mitraguraleus Laseron, 1954. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinesp ...
''
Laseron, 1954
* ''
Neoguraleus
''Neoguraleus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Neoguraleus Powell, 1939. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...
''
Powell, 1939
* ''
Notocytharella''
Hertlein & Strong, 1955
* ''
Obesotoma''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''
Oenopota''
Mörch, 1852
* ''
Oenopotella''
A. Sysoev, 1988
* ''
Papillocithara''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Paraguraleus''
Powell, 1944
* ''
Paraspirotropis
''Paraspirotropis'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises ...
''
Sysoev & Kantor, 1984
* ''
Perimangelia
''Perimangelia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Perimangelia McLean, 2000. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...
''
McLean, 2000
* ''
Platycythara
''Platycythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Platycythara'' include:
* '' Platycythara curta'' (Dall, 1919)
* ''Platycythara elata
''Platycythara elata ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Propebela''
Iredale, 1918
* ''
Pseudorhaphitoma
''Pseudorhaphitoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p ...
''
Boettger, 1895
* ''
Pyrgocythara
''Pyrgocythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The type species is the Pliocene: ''Pyrgocythara eminula'' , which is probably the same as the Recent '' Pleurotoma trilineata'' (synonym of '' Cry ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Rubellatoma
''Rubellatoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet ...
''
Bartsch & Rehder, 1939
* ''
Saccharoturris''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Sorgenfreispira
''Sorgenfreispira'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Sorgenfreispira. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...
''
Moroni, 1979
* ''
Stellatoma
''Stellatoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails ...
''
Bartsch & Rehder, 1939
* ''
Suturocythara
''Suturocythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises sn ...
''
Garcia, 2008
* ''
Tenaturris
''Tenaturris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Tenaturris'' include:
* '' Tenaturris bartlettii'' (Dall, 1889)
* '' Tenaturris concinna'' (Adams C. B., 1852)
* '' ...
''
Woodring, 1928
* ''
Toxicochlespira
''Toxicochlespira'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises ...
''
Sysoev & Kantor, 1990
* ''
Venustoma
''Venustoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Venustoma Bartsch, 1941. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.or ...
''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''
Vexiguraleus''
Powell, 1942
* ''
Vitricythara
''Vitricythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Vitricythara Fargo, 1953. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...
''
Fargo, 1953
;Genera moved to other families :
* ''
Anacithara
''Anacithara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Horaiclavidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Anacithara Hedley, 1922. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.or ...
''
Hedley, 1922 : brought into the new family
Horaiclavidae
Horaiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
In 2011 this family was split off from the family Pseudomelatomidae (formerly the subfamily Crassispirinae McLean, 1971) by Bouchet P., Ka ...
* ''
Austropusilla
''Austropusilla'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). Austropusilla Laseron, 1954. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxd ...
''
Laseron, 1954: brought into the new family
Raphitomidae
* ''
Belaturricula
''Belaturricula'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Borsoniidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Belaturricula'' include:
* ''Belaturricula dissimilis'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Bela ...
''
Powell, 1951 : brought into the new family
Borsoniidae
* ''
Clathromangelia''
Monterosato, 1884 : brought into the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Conopleura
''Conopleura'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Drilliidae
The Drilliidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small predatory sea snails with high-spired shells. They are classified ...
''
Hinds, 1844 : belongs to
Drilliidae
* ''
Euclathurella''
Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Glyptaesopus''
Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: brought into the new family
Borsoniidae
* ''
Lienardia
''Lienardia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Lienardia Jousseaume, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdet ...
''
Jousseaume, 1884 : brought into the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Lioglyphostomella''
Shuto, 1970 : brought into the new family
Pseudomelatomidae
Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatomina ...
* ''
Otitoma'' Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the new family
Pseudomelatomidae
Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatomina ...
* ''
Paraclathurella''
Boettger, 1895 : belongs to the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Paramontana''
Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family
Raphitomidae
* ''
Pseudoetrema
''Pseudoetrema'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. ...
''
Oyama, 1953 : belongs to the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Thelecythara
''Thelecythara'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae
Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and pa ...
''
Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family
Horaiclavidae
Horaiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
In 2011 this family was split off from the family Pseudomelatomidae (formerly the subfamily Crassispirinae McLean, 1971) by Bouchet P., Ka ...
* ''
Turrella''
Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''
Vitjazinella
''Vitjazinella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.- ...
''
Sysoev 1988 : belongs to the
Raphitomidae
; Genera brought into synonymy :
* ''Canetoma''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Propebela''
Iredale, 1918
* ''Cestoma''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Propebela''
Iredale, 1918
* ''Cithara'': synonym of ''Cythara''
Schumacher, 1817
* ''Clathromangilia'': synonym of ''Clathromangelia''
Monterosato, 1884: belongs now to the family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''Clinuromella''
Beets, 1943: synonym of ''
Anticlinura''
Thiele, 1934
* ''Clinuropsis''
Thiele, 1929: synonym of ''
Anticlinura''
Thiele, 1934
* ''Cyrtocythara''
F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of ''Mangelia''
Risso, 1826
* ''Cytharella''
Monterosato, 1875: synonym of ''Mangelia (Cytharella)''
Monterosato, 1875
* ''Ditoma''
Bellardi, 1875: synonym of ''Agathotoma''
Cossman, 1899
* ''Euguraleus''
Cotton, 1947: synonym of ''Guraleus''
Hedley, 1918
* ''Fehria''
van Aartsen, 1988 : synonym of ''
Bela''
Gray, 1847
* ''Funitoma''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Propebela''
Iredale, 1918
* ''Ginnania''
Monterosato, 1884: synonym of ''Bela''
Gray, 1847
* ''Lora''
Auctores non Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Oenopota''
Mörch, 1852
* ''Mangilia''
Lovén, 1846: synonym of ''Mangelia''
Risso, 1826
* ''Mangiliella''
Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 : synonym of ''
Mangelia
''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Amon ...
''
Risso, 1826
* ''Nematoma''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Curtitoma''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''Nodotoma''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Oenopota''
Mörch, 1852
* ''Pseudoraphitoma'': synonym of ''Pseudorhaphitoma''
Boettger, 1895
* ''Rissomangelia''
Monterosato, 1917 : synonym of ''
Mangelia
''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Amon ...
''
Risso, 1826
* ''Rugocythara''
Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of ''
Mangelia
''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Amon ...
''
Risso, 1826
* ''Scabrella''
Hedley, 1918: synonym of ''
Asperdaphne
''Asperdaphne'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
This genus resembles '' Daphnella'' in form and general appearance, but differs in having the protoconch spirally grooved instead of bein ...
''
Hedley, 1922
* ''Smithia''
Monterosato, 1884: synonym of ''
Smithiella''
Monterosato, 1890
* ''Smithiella''
Monterosato, 1890 : synonym of ''
Mangelia
''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Amon ...
''
Risso, 1826
* ''Thelecytharella''
Shuto, 1969 : synonym of ''
Otitoma''
Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the family
Pseudomelatomidae
Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatomina ...
* ''Thetidos''
Hedley, 1899: synonym of ''Lienardia''
Jousseaume, 1884 : belongs to the family
Clathurellidae
Clathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '' ...
* ''Turritomella''
Bartsch, 1941: synonym of ''
Propebela''
Iredale, 1918
* ''Villiersiella''
Monterosato, 1890: synonym of ''Mangelia''
Risso, 1826
* ''Widalli''
Bogdanov, 1986: synonym of ''
Curtitoma''
Bartsch, 1941
* ''Cythara''
Schumacher, 1817 (
nomen dubium
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...
)
References
*Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
External links
*
*
Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Mangeliidae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3525953