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Londrina (, literally "Little London") is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná,
South Region, Brazil The South Region of Brazil (; ) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers , being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of ...
, and is away from the state capital,
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area ...
. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 575,377 inhabitants in the city proper (2010), 737,849 in the built-up area made of Londrina, Cambe and Ibipora and 989,532 in the metropolitan area. It has a
Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, w ...
of 0.778. Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Italian, Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone. Its universities include the
Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina State University ( pt, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL) is one of the public universities of the State of Paraná, Brazil. External links Official Page of Londrina State University(in Portuguese) Educational institutions ...
(Londrina State University) and the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Federal University of Technology - Paraná).


Demography

The city was named after British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southern
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaW ...
states to the port of Santos. The word ''Londrina'' pays homage to the British capital ('' Londres'' in Portuguese), since a London cotton company, Paraná Plantations Limited, made the original investment to settle in this area. ''Source: Census 2012''


Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Londrina has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(''Cfa'') influenced by the
Atlantic Forest The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...
biome. Average annual precipitation is . Mean average annual temperature is .


Economy

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people ...
continues to be Londrina's major economic activity, although its importance has diminished in recent years. Agricultural activity was diversified beyond
coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ...
, and today
corn Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The ...
,
wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...
,
cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor pe ...
,
horticulture Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...
,
bean A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes th ...
s,
peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small an ...
s,
rice Rice is the seed of the grass species '' Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and '' Porteresia'', both wild and domesticat ...
,
sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...
,
soy bean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and ...
, and fruit plantations thrive due to the rich Northern Paraná/South Western São Paulo State "terra roxa/vermelha" crimson soil. Although the city has increased its industrial park by adding weaving, textiles and agricultural factories, Londrina's main wealth continues to be agricultural production. Today, Londrina is also known for its commerce and service sectors. Moreover, real estate is another growing sector that has generated jobs and boosted even more the size of this city in Paraná. It possesses one of the largest universities in the country, the Londrina State University, as well as several private
college A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offerin ...
s. The city is served by Londrina – Governador José Richa Airport. Once a year, the city hosts the largest agricultural fair in Latin America, the Expo Londrina.


Health

Londrina is served by both universal health care system, through the ''Sistema Único de Saúde'' ( SUS) and by many private health care facilities. The municipality has 133 SUS health facilities, such as hospitals, local clinics and nurseries. Despite ample access to healthcare, infant mortality rate are relatively high, with 10.68 deaths per one thousand births as of 2017.


Education

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official
high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
curriculum. As of 2010, the rate of formal schooling is 97.3% between the age of 6 and 14 years old. The basic education system has 65.065 enrolled and the middle/high school system has 18,140 students as of 2018.


Colleges and universities

*
Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina State University ( pt, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL) is one of the public universities of the State of Paraná, Brazil. External links Official Page of Londrina State University(in Portuguese) Educational institutions ...
(UEL) - "Londrina State University" * Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) - "Federal University of Technology - Paraná" * Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR) - "Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná" *
Universidade Norte do Paraná University North of Paraná or Universidade Norte do Paraná is a private university which was created by federal decree number 70592. Administrative infrastructure includes a rectory Londrina, Brazil, pro-rectories and university council. It has ...
(UNOPAR) - "North Paraná University" * Centro Universitário Filadéfia (UniFil) - "Filadélfia University Center" * Faculdade Pitágoras - "Pitágoras College"
Faculdade Arthur Thomas
(FAAT) - "Arthur Thomas College"
Faculdade Teologica Sul Americana
(FTSA) - "South American Theological College"


Metropolitan region of Londrina

Instituted by State Complementary Law 81 on 17 June 1998, the Metropolitan Region of Londrina includes the cities of Londrina, Cambé, Ibiporã,
Sertanópolis Sertanópolis is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. See also *List of municipalities in Paraná This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Paraná (PR), located in the South Region of Brazil. P ...
, Bela Vista do Paraíso,
Jataizinho Jataizinho is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. See also *List of municipalities in Paraná This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Paraná (PR), located in the South Region of Brazil. Pa ...
,
Rolândia Rolândia is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. Rolândia was settled by German immigrants who named it after (and erected a statue to) the medieval hero Roland, a symbol of freedom in Germany. See also *Li ...
,
Tamarana Tamarana is a small municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''m ...
and
Arapongas Arapongas is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality within the state of Paraná (state), Paraná, South Region, Brazil. It is located in the Metropolitan area of Londrina, Microregion Apucarana and Mesoregion North Central Paranaense, being loca ...
totaling 750 thousand inhabitants.


Religion

The city is the seat of the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Londrina The Archdiocese of Londrina ( la, Archidioecesis Londrinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Paraná (state), Paraná state, southern Brazil. Its cathedral is Catedral Metropolitana Sagrado ...
. The city is also home to two stakes of
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian Christianity, Christian church that considers itself to be the Restorationism, restoration of the ...
as well as the headquarter of the Brazil Londrina Mission, which encompasses northern Paraná and parts of
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaW ...
.


Sports

The city's
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly ...
clubs include
Londrina Esporte Clube Londrina Esporte Clube, more commonly referred to as Londrina, is a Brazilian professional association football club in Londrina, Paraná which currently plays in Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, after being promoted from S ...
, founded in 1956, and the Associação Portuguesa Londrinense founded in 1950. They play at
Café A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-c ...
stadium, a 45,000 spectator capacity stadium. Inesul/Londrina, owned by INESUL - Instituto de Ensino Superior de Londrina, a
higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after compl ...
institution, is a city's major
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
club and competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete.


Notable people

* Arrigo Barnabé, musician *
Dionatan Teixeira Dionatan do Nascimento Teixeira (24 July 1992 – 5 November 2017) was a Brazilian-born Slovakian professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Teixeira began playing football with local side Londrina EC in Brazil before he was given t ...
, footballer *
Everson Maciel Everson Martinelli Maciel (born 14 March 1978 in Londrina) is a Brazilian former footballer who spent the majority of his career with the Western Mass Pioneers in the United Soccer Leagues. He currently plays futsal for Safira FC and the Uni ...
, footballer * Flávia de Oliveira, model * Giovane Élber, footballer * Rafinha, footballer *
Jádson Jádson Rodrigues da Silva, professionally known as Jádson (; born 5 October 1983), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. He is currently playing for Vitória. Having begun his career at Atlético Par ...
, footballer *
Naldo Naldo may refer to: * Ronaldo Aparecido Rodrigues (born 1982), Brazilian football defender * Edinaldo Gomes Pereira (born 1988), Brazilian football defender * Marinaldo dos Santos Oliveira (born 1990), commonly known as Naldo, Brazilian footballer ...
, footballer * Fernandinho, footballer *
Mario Sergio Cortella Mario Sergio Cortella (born March 5, 1954) is a Brazilian philosopher, writer, educator and speaker most known for putting into the public sphere and helping popularize in questions related to philosophy in Brazilian contemporary society. He is al ...
, philosopher *
Michelle Alves Michelle Kristine da Silva Alves (born September 19, 1978) is a Brazilian model. Biography She was born in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, as the daughter of a lawyer (mother) and an engineer (father). Alves was a student in civil engineer ...
, model * Victor Lazzarini, composer *
Gilberto Godoy Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho, known as Giba (born 23 December 1976), is a Brazilian former professional volleyball player who played as an outside hitter. For much of the 2000s, he was widely regarded as one of the best volleyball players in t ...
(Giba), volleyball player *
Rogério Romero Rogério Aoki Romero (born 22 November 1969 in Londrina, Paraná) is a former backstroke swimmer from Brazil, who competed at five consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1988. A resident of Belo Horizonte, he won the ...
, swimmer * Marcão, footballer *André Lópes, musician (Bassist in Latin pop band, '
Bacilos Bacilos is a music group based in Miami, Florida, US. A leading practitioner of latin pop, the band had several hits on the Billboard Latin charts and had considerable success in the Latin Grammies, most notably, their album '' Caraluna'' which w ...
') * Daiane Limeira, footballer


Twin towns – sister cities

Londrina is twinned with: *
Guimarães Guimarães () is a city and municipality located in northern Portugal, in the district of Braga. Its historic town centre has been listed as a UNESCWorld Heritage Sitesince 2001, in recognition for being an "exceptionally well-preserved and ...
, Portugal *
Modena Modena (, , ; egl, label= Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and '' comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. A town, and seat o ...
, Italy * León, Nicaragua * Nago, Japan * Toledo, United States *
Zhenjiang Zhenjiang, alternately romanized as Chinkiang, is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province, China. It lies on the southern bank of the Yangtze River near its intersection with the Grand Canal. It is opposite Yangzhou (to its north) a ...
, China


References


External links

*
Official website

Official homepage

{{Authority control 1930 establishments in Brazil Populated places established in 1930