List of state leaders in 2003
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Africa

* **President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019) **Prime Minister – **#
Ali Benflis Ali Benflis ( ar, على بن فليس ; born 8 September 1944) is an Algerian politician who was Head of Government of Algeria from 2000 to 2004. In 2003, he became the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. Benflis was a ca ...
, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003) **#
Ahmed Ouyahia Ahmed Ouyahia ( ar, rtl=yes, أحمد أويحيى, Aḥmad ʾŪyaḥyā; 2 July 1952) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria four times (1995–98, 2004–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019). A career diplomat, he also served as ...
, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006) * **President –
José Eduardo dos Santos José Eduardo dos Santos (; 28 August 1942 – 8 July 2022) was the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As president, dos Santos was also the commander-in-chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and president of the People's Movement for the ...
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President of Angola The president of Angola () is both head of state and head of government in Angola. According to the constitution adopted in 2010, the post of prime minister is abolished; executive authority belongs to the president who has also a degree of leg ...
(1979–2017) **Prime Minister –
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 5 March 1950), known as Nandó, is an Angolan politician who was the first vice president of Angola from February 2010 to September 2012. He was the prime minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008 and preside ...
, Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008) * **President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006) * **President –
Festus Mogae Festus Gontebanye Mogae (born 21 August 1939) is a Botswana politician and economist who served as the third President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was re-elected in October 2004; after ten y ...
, President of Botswana (1998–2008) * **President – Blaise Compaoré,
President of Burkina Faso This is a list of heads of state of Burkina Faso since the Republic of Upper Volta gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso (not counting four ...
(1987–2014) **Prime Minister –
Paramanga Ernest Yonli Paramanga Ernest Yonli (born 31 December 1956 in Tansarga, Tapoa Province) also known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli, is a Burkinabé politician. He was Prime Minister from 6 November 2000 to 3 June 2007 and then President of the Economic and Social ...
, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007) * **President – **#
Pierre Buyoya Pierre Buyoya (24 November 1949 – 17 December 2020) was a Burundian army officer and politician who served two terms as President of Burundi in 1987 to 1993 and 1996 to 2003. He was the second-longest serving president in Burundian history. An ...
, President of Burundi (1996–2003) **# Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005) * **President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present) **Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004) * **President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011) **Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016) * **President – **#
Ange-Félix Patassé Ange-Félix Patassé (January 25, 1937 – April 5, 2011) was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé in the 2003 coup d'ét ...
, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003) **#
François Bozizé François Bozizé Yangouvonda (born 14 October 1946) is a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 2003 to 2013. Bozizé rose to become a high-ranking army officer in the 1970s, under the rule of Jean-B ...
, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – **# Martin Ziguélé,
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, wa ...
(2001–2003) **# Abel Goumba,
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, wa ...
(2003) **#
Célestin Gaombalet Célestin Leroy Gaombalet (1 January 1942 – 19 December 2017) was a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 2003 to 2005. He was President of the National Assembly from 2005 to 2013. Biography Gaom ...
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Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, wa ...
(2003–2005) * **President –
Idriss Déby Idriss Déby Itno ' (18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. Déby was a member of the Bidayat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. A high-ranki ...
, President of Chad (1990–2021) **Prime Minister – **#
Haroun Kabadi Haroun Kabadi ( ar, هارون كبادي '; born 29 April 1949) is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from June 2002 to June 2003 and was the President of the National Assembly of Chad from June 2011 to April 2021. Politics Kab ...
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Prime Minister of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additio ...
(2002–2003) **#
Moussa Faki Moussa Faki Mahamat ( ar, موسى فكي محمد ', born 21 June 1960) is a Chadian politician and diplomat who has been the elected Chairperson of the African Union Commission since 14 March 2017. Previously he was Prime Minister of Chad from 2 ...
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Prime Minister of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additio ...
(2003–2005) * **President –
Azali Assoumani Azali Assoumani ( ar, غزالي عثماني; born 1 January 1959) is a Comorian politician and military officer who has served as President of the Comoros since April 2019. He was also president from 2002 to 2006 and 2016 to February 2019. He ...
, President of the Comoros (2002–2006) * **President –
Denis Sassou Nguesso Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer. He became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as p ...
, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present) * **President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019) * **President –
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Ismaïl Omar Guelleh ( so, Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ar, إسماعيل عمر جليه) (born 27 November 1947) is the current President of Djibouti. He has been in office since 1999, making him one of the longest-serving rulers in Africa. He is ...
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President of Djibouti This is a list of presidents of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of president in 1977, there have been two presidents. The president is both head of state and head of government of Djibouti and the commander-in-chief of the Djibo ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister –
Dileita Mohamed Dileita Dileita Mohamed Dileita ( aa, Dileita Macammad Dileita, ar, دليطة محمد دليطة) (born 12 March 1959''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 142–143.Prime Minister of Djibouti This is a list of prime ministers of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1977, there have been 6 official prime ministers. The prime minister is the head of government of Djibouti. The current prime minister is A ...
(2001–2013) * **President –
Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak, (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in t ...
, President of Egypt (1981–2011) **Prime Minister –
Atef Ebeid Atef Muhammad Ebeid ( ar, عاطف محمد عبيد, ) (14 April 1932 – 12 September 2014) was an Egyptian politician who served in various capacities in the governments of Egypt. He was Prime Minister of Egypt from 1999 to 2004. Early life a ...
, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004) * **President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present) **Prime Minister –
Cándido Muatetema Rivas Cándido Muatetema Rivas (20 February 1960 – 16 June 2014) was a political figure in Equatorial Guinea who was Prime Minister from 2001 to 2004. Rivas was born in Batete, a village in southern Fernando Po (today Bioko) near Luba.
, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004) * **President –
Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in M ...
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President of Eritrea This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea. Since the establishment of the office of President in 1993, the office has been held by Isaias Afwerki. The President is the head of state and head of government of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-c ...
(1991–present) * **President –
Girma Wolde-Giorgis Girma Wolde-Giorgis (; 28 December 1924 – 15 December 2018) was an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013. He was the second person to hold the office of president since the founding of the Federal Democrati ...
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President of Ethiopia The President of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by The Prime Minister. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on 2 ...
(2001–2013) **Prime Minister –
Meles Zenawi Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigrinya and ; , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian soldier and politician who served as President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and then Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his ...
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Prime Minister of Ethiopia The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and Chief executive (gubernatorial), Chief Executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a Prime Minister as head of the government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Et ...
(1995–2012) * **President –
Omar Bongo El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was the second President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as ...
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President of Gabon The president of Gabon is the head of state of Gabon. A total of three people have served as president (not counting two acting presidents) since the post was formed in 1960. Description of the office Election The president of the republic is ...
(1967–2009) **Prime Minister –
Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (born 6 October 1939Samy Ghorbal"« Nous avons su garder le cap »" ''Jeune Afrique'', 20 November 2005 .) is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. He was May ...
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Prime Minister of Gabon The Prime Minister of Gabon (French: ''Premier ministre de la République gabonaise'') is the head of government of Gabon. The position was first created in 1960, upon the country's independence from France, but was soon abolished by a new con ...
(1999–2006) * **President –
Yahya Jammeh Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh (born 25 May 1965) is a Gambian politician and former military officer who was the leader of The Gambia from 1994 to 2017, firstly as chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC) from 199 ...
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President of the Gambia The president of the Republic of The Gambia is the head of state and head of government of the Gambia. The president leads the executive branch of the government of the Gambia and is the commander-in-chief of the Gambia Armed Forces. The post w ...
(1994–2017) * **President – John Kufuor,
President of Ghana The president of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current president of Ghana is Nana Akufo-Addo, who won the 2020 presidential elec ...
(2001–2009) * **President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008) **Prime Minister –
Lamine Sidimé Lamine Sidimé (born 1944) is a Guinean political figure who was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1999 to 2004. Early life Born at Mamou in 1944, Sidimé served as President of the Supreme Court from 1992, and he was appointed as Prime Minister by ...
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Prime Minister of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also *Guinea **List of ...
(1999–2004) * **President – **# Kumba Ialá,
President of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the presidents of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of president in 1973. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Symbols Notes Timeline Latest election See also * Polit ...
(2000–2003) **#
Veríssimo Correia Seabra Veríssimo Correia Seabra (February 16, 1947 – October 6, 2004) was a Guinea-Bissau, Bissau-Guinean general, known for leading a coup that deposed Kumba Ialá on September 14, 2003. Early life Correia Seabra was born in the capital city, Bissa ...
, Chairman of the Military Committee for the Restoration of Constitutional and Democratic Order of Guinea-Bissau (2003) **# Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005) **Prime Minister – **#
Mário Pires Mário Pires (born 1949) is a Bissau-Guinean politician who was Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003. He is a member of the Social Renewal Party (PRS). Early life Pires took office as Prime Minister on 17 November 2002, when he was appointed by Pres ...
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Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...
(2002–2003) **# Artur Sanhá,
Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...
(2003–2004) * **President –
Laurent Gbagbo Koudou Laurent Gbagbo
, FPI website . ( President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011) **Prime Minister – **#
Pascal Affi N'Guessan Pascal Affi N'Guessan (born 1 January 1953) is an Ivorian politician who is the President of the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI).Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast This article lists the heads of government of Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. Patrick Achi currently serves as Prime Minister of Ivory Coast. List Key ;Politi ...
(2000–2003) **#
Seydou Diarra Seydou Elimane Diarra (23 November 1933 – 19 July 2020) was an Ivorian politician, who served as the Prime Minister in 2000 and again from 2003 to 2005. Life and career Diarra was born on 23 November 1933 in Katiola.
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Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast This article lists the heads of government of Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. Patrick Achi currently serves as Prime Minister of Ivory Coast. List Key ;Politi ...
(2003–2005) * **President –
Mwai Kibaki Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013 and is regarded as one of Kenya's founding fathers. He had previously ser ...
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President of Kenya The president of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Kenya. The President is also the head of the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defe ...
(2002–2013) * **Monarch –
Letsie III Letsie III (born Seeiso Bereng; 17 July 1963) is King of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king ag ...
, King of Lesotho (1996–present) **Prime Minister –
Pakalitha Mosisili Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (born 14 March 1945) is a former Mosotho politician who was the fourth prime minister of Lesotho from May 1998 to June 2012 and again from March 2015 to June 2017.Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012) * **Head of State – **# Charles Taylor,
President of Liberia The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia. Prior to the independence of Liberia ...
(1997–2003) **# Moses Blah,
President of Liberia The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia. Prior to the independence of Liberia ...
(2003) **# Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006) * **''De facto'' Head of State –
Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi, . Due to the lack of standardization of transcribing written and regionally pronounced Arabic, Gaddafi's name has been romanized in various ways. A 1986 column by ''The Straight Dope'' lists 32 spellin ...
, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State –
Muhammad az-Zanati Muhammad al-Zanati ( ) is a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Congress, and as such the head of state of Libya from 18 January 1992 until 3 March 2008. He was reappointed on 1 March 2000. He is of the Qadhadhf ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008) **Prime Minister – **#
Imbarek Shamekh Imbarek Shamekh ( ar, امبارك عبدالله الشامخ) (sometimes Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh or Embarek Shamekh) (born 15 May 1952) is a Libyan politician and bureaucrat. He served as the Secretary-General of General People's Congress ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003) **#
Shukri Ghanem Shukri Mohammed Ghanem ( ar, شكري محمد إمحمد غانم 9 October 1942 – 29 April 2012) was a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (prime minister) from June 2003 until March ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006) * **President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009) **Prime Minister –
Jacques Sylla Jacques Hugues Sylla (July 1946 – 26 December 2009) was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the Natio ...
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Prime Minister of Madagascar This is a list of prime ministers of Madagascar, since the establishment of the office of chief minister in 1828, during the Merina Kingdom. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Status See also * Politics o ...
(2002–2007) * **President –
Bakili Muluzi Elson Bakili Muluzi (born March 17, 1943 in Machinga, Nyasaland) is a Malawian politician who was the first freely elected president of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. He was also chairman of the United Democratic Front (UDF) until 2009. He succeeded ...
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President of Malawi The president of the Republic of Malawi ( ny, Mtsogoleri wa Dziko la Malawi) is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawia ...
(1994–2004) * **President –
Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (4 November 19489 November 2020) was a Malian politician. He supervised Mali's first multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government (1991–1992), and later became the second democratically-elected Presiden ...
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President of Mali This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, ...
(2002–2012) **Prime Minister –
Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani (born 1942
,
Prime Minister of Mali This is a list of prime ministers of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seventeen people have served as Prime Minister of Mali (not counting five acting prime ministers). Additionally, ...
(2002–2004) * **President –
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ( ar, معاوية ولد سيد أحمد الطايع, Ma‘āwiyah wuld Sīdi Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭāya‘ / Mu'awiya walad Sayyidi Ahmad Taya; born 28 November 1941) is a Mauritanian military officer who served as the P ...
, President of Mauritania (1984–2005) **Prime Minister – **# Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna,
Prime Minister of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime Mi ...
(1998–2003) **#
Sghair Ould M'Bareck Sghair Ould M'Bareck ( ar, اسغير ولد امبارك; born 1954
, ''Agence Mauritanienne d'Information'', July 6, 2003 .
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Prime Minister of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime Mi ...
(2003–2005) * **President – **#
Karl Offmann Karl Auguste Offmann, GCSK (25 November 1940 – 12 March 2022) was a Mauritian politician who briefly served as the president of Mauritius from 2002 to 2003. After two of his successive predecessors had resigned over their refusal to sign a ...
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President of Mauritius The president of the Republic of Mauritius (french: président de la République de Maurice) is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, elec ...
(2002–2003) **#
Raouf Bundhun Abdool Raouf Bundhun (born 14 January 1937) who served as the third vice president of Mauritius from 2002 to 2007. He was elected by National Assembly of Mauritius on 25 February 2002 for a term of five years. Prior to assuming office he had been M ...
, Acting President of Mauritius (2003) **#Sir Anerood Jugnauth,
President of Mauritius The president of the Republic of Mauritius (french: président de la République de Maurice) is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, elec ...
(2003–2012) **Prime Minister – **#Sir Anerood Jugnauth,
Prime Minister of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...
(2000–2003) **# Paul Bérenger,
Prime Minister of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...
(2003–2005) *  ( overseas collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) **''redesignated from a
departmental collectivity Departmental collectivity (french: collectivité départementale) was a legal designation used to describe the particular status of French overseas collectivity of Mayotte between 2001 and 2011. The term is used to indicate that Mayotte at the t ...
of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 28 March'' **Prefect – Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005) **Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004) * **Monarch –
Mohammed VI Muhammad VI may refer to: * Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI (1868–1932), sultan of the Maldives from 1893 to 1902 * Mehmed VI (1861–1926), sultan of Ottoman Empire, from 1918 to 1922 * Mohammed VI of Morocco Mohammed VI ( ar, محمد السادس ...
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King of Morocco This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Moroc ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister – Driss Jettou,
Prime Minister of Morocco The prime minister of Morocco (officially Head of Government, ar, رئيس حكومة المملكة المغربية, rayiys hukumat almamlakat almaghribia) is the head of government of the Kingdom of Morocco. The prime minister is chosen by t ...
(2002–2007) ** ( self-declared, partially recognised state) ***President – Mohamed Abdelaziz,
President of Western Sahara The president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on Febr ...
(1976–2016) ***Prime Minister – ***#
Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun (in ; born 9 July 1954) is a Sahrawi politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since . He was a former ambassador to Algeria, with a base in Algiers. He has been prime min ...
, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003) ***#
Abdelkader Taleb Omar Abdelkader Taleb Omar ( ar, عبد القادر طالب عمر, ''ʿAbd āl-Qādar Ṭāleb ʿOmar''; born 1951) is a Sahrawi politician currently serving as the ambassador of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to Algeria since 17 March 2018 and a f ...
, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018) * **President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005) **Prime Minister –
Pascoal Mocumbi Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi (born 10 April 1941) was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. Education He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume and Leta Alson Cuhle. He began his studies at the ''Miss ...
, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004) * **President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005) **Prime Minister – Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime Minister of Namibia (2002–2005) * **President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010) **Prime Minister –
Hama Amadou Hama Amadou (born 1949) is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD-Nassara) from 1991 to 200 ...
, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007) * **President –
Olusegun Obasanjo Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo, , ( ; yo, Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ ; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian political and military leader who served as Nigeria's head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its pres ...
, President of Nigeria (1999–2007) * **President –
Paul Kagame Paul Kagame (; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the 4th and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Uganda-based rebel ...
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President of Rwanda This article lists the presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The president of Rwanda is the head of state and head of executive of the Republic of Rwanda. The presid ...
(2000–present) **Prime Minister –
Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1962) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He also served as President of the Senate of Rwanda from 14 October 2014 to 17 October 2019. Background Makuza ...
, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor –
David Hollamby David James Hollamby (1945–2016) served as Governor of Saint Helena from 24 June 1999 to 29 September 2004. He was preceded by David Leslie Smallman and succeeded by Michael Clancy. He oversaw the return of British citizenship to citizens of th ...
, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004) * **President – **#
Fradique de Menezes Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes (born March 21, 1942) is a São Toméan politician who was the third president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2001 to 2011. Early life Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the s ...
, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003) **# Fernando Pereira, Chairman of the Military Junta of National Salvation of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) **#
Fradique de Menezes Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes (born March 21, 1942) is a São Toméan politician who was the third president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2001 to 2011. Early life Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the s ...
, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011) **Prime Minister –
Maria das Neves Maria das Neves Ceita Baptista de Sousa (born 1958) served as the 11th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. She was a key figure in the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD) and became ...
, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2002–2004) * **President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012) **Prime Minister – Idrissa Seck,
Prime Minister of Senegal The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five-year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after ...
(2002–2004) * **President –
France-Albert René France-Albert René (; 16 November 1934 – 27 February 2019) was a Seychellois lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the second President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He also served as the country's 2nd Prime Minister from its in ...
, President of Seychelles (1977–2004) * **President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007) * **President –
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...
,
President of Somalia The president of Somalia ( so, Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) is the head of state of Somalia. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The president represents the Federal Government of Somalia, Federal Republic of Somal ...
(2000–2004) **Prime Minister – **#
Hassan Abshir Farah Hassan Abshir Farah ( so, Xasan Abshir Faarax, ar, حسن ابشير فرح; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to Novem ...
,
Prime Minister of Somalia This is a list of prime ministers of Somalia. The prime minister of Somalia ( so, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya) is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first p ...
(2001–2003) **#
Muhammad Abdi Yusuf Muhammad Abdi Yusuf ( so, Maxamed Cabdi Yuusuf, ar, محمد يوسف عبدي) (born 1 July 1941) was the Prime Minister of Somalia from November 8, 2003 to November 1, 2004.Prime Minister of Somalia This is a list of prime ministers of Somalia. The prime minister of Somalia ( so, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya) is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first p ...
(2003–2004) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010) ** (self-declared autonomous state) ***President –
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( so, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed, ar, عبدالله يوسف أحمد‎; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012) was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali ...
, President of Puntland (2002–2004) * **President – Thabo Mbeki,
President of South Africa The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of South Africa and is the commander-in-chief of the South African Nationa ...
(1999–2008) * **President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019) * **Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Prince Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (15 May 1942 – 28 September 2018) was a Swazi politician who served as Prime Minister of Eswatini, from 1996 to 2003 and again from October 2008 to September 2018. Career Dlamini was a member of parliamen ...
,
Prime Minister of Swaziland This is a list of prime ministers of Eswatini () since the formation of the post in 1967. Eleven people have been Prime Minister of Eswatini, plus seven acting prime ministers. One person, Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, held two non-consecutive te ...
(1996–2003) **# Paul Shabangu, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003) **# Themba Dlamini,
Prime Minister of Swaziland This is a list of prime ministers of Eswatini () since the formation of the post in 1967. Eleven people have been Prime Minister of Eswatini, plus seven acting prime ministers. One person, Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, held two non-consecutive te ...
(2003–2008) * **President – Benjamin Mkapa,
President of Tanzania The President of the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of the United Republic of Tanzania. The President leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanzan ...
(1995–2005) **Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005) * **President –
Gnassingbé Eyadéma Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born Étienne Gnassingbé, 26 December 1935 – 5 February 2005) was the president of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005, after which he was immediately succeeded by his son, Faure Gnassingbé. Eyadéma participated i ...
,
President of Togo This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additiona ...
(1967–2005) **Prime Minister –
Koffi Sama Koffi Sama (born 1944Page on Sama at ibe.unesco.org
(PDF) .) was th ...
,
Prime Minister of Togo This is a list of prime ministers of Togo since the formation of the post of Prime Minister in 1960, to the present day. A total of thirteen people have served as Prime Minister of Togo – twelve men and one woman. Among them, one person, Edem ...
(2002–2005) * **President –
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ( ar, زين العابدين بن علي, translit=Zayn al-'Ābidīn bin 'Alī; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali ( ar, بن علي) or Ezzine ( ar, الزين), was a Tunisian politician ...
, President of Tunisia (1987–2011) **Prime Minister –
Mohamed Ghannouchi Mohamed Ghannouchi ( ar, محمد الغنوشي ''Muhammad Al-Ghannushi''; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Regarded as a technocrat, Ghannouchi was a long-standing figure in the ...
, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011) * **President –
Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and retired senior military officer who has been the 9th and current President of Uganda since 26 January 1986. Museveni spearheaded rebellions with aid of then ...
,
President of Uganda The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force. The in ...
(1986–present) **Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi,
Prime Minister of Uganda The prime minister of Uganda chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021. The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in ...
(1999–2011) * **President – Levy Mwanawasa,
President of Zambia The president of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the presidency, the office has been held by seven othe ...
(2002–2008) * **President – Robert Mugabe,
President of Zimbabwe The president of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe and head of the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe. The president chairs the national cabinet and is the chief commanding authority of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. The in ...
(1987–2017)


Asia

*  **President –
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai (; Pashto/ fa, حامد کرزی, , ; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan statesman who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Repub ...
, President of Afghanistan (2002–2014) * **Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa,
Prime Minister of Bahrain In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King of Bahrain, King, and needs not to be an elected member of the Council of Rep ...
(1970–2020) * **President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009) **Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia,
Prime Minister of Bangladesh The Prime Minister of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রী, translit=Bangladesher Prodhanmontri), officially Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( bn, গণপ্রজা ...
(2001–2006) * **Monarch –
Jigme Singye Wangchuck Jigme Singye Wangchuck ( dz, འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་, ; born 11 November 1955) is a member of the House of Wangchuck who was the king of Bhutan (Druk Gyalpo) from 1972 until his abdicati ...
, King of Bhutan (1972–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Kinzang Dorji ''Lyonpo'' Kinzang Dorji (born 19 February 1951) is a two-time former Prime Minister of Bhutan from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2007 to 2008. He was the chairman of Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan ( d ...
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003) **#
Jigme Thinley ''Lyonpo'' Jigme Yoser Thinley (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie:'' 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las'') (born 9 September 1952) is a Bhutanese politician who was Prime Minister of Bh ...
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2003–2004) * **Monarch –
Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
,
Sultan of Brunei The sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates bac ...
(1967–present) **Prime Minister –
Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present) * **Monarch –
Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; km, នរោត្តម សីហនុ, ; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a Cambodian statesman, Sangkum and FUNCINPEC politician, Norodom Sihanouk filmography, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in vari ...
,
King of Cambodia The monarchy of Cambodia is the head of state of the Cambodia, Kingdom of Cambodia. In the contemporary period, the King's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 68 AD exce ...
(1993–2004) **Prime Minister –
Hun Sen Hun Sen (; km, ហ៊ុន សែន, ; born 5 August 1952) is a Cambodian politician and former military commander who has served as the prime minister of Cambodia since 1985. He is the longest-serving head of government of Cambodia, and o ...
,
Prime Minister of Cambodia The prime minister of Cambodia ( km, នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនៃកម្ពុជា, ) is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the ...
(1985–present) * **Communist Party Leader –
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
,
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader o ...
(2002–2012) **President – **#
Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as pres ...
, President of China (1993–2003) **#
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
, President of China (2003–2013) **Premier – **#
Zhu Rongji Zhu Rongji (; IPA: ; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1998 to 2003 and CCP Politburo Standing Committee member from 1992 to 2002 along with the Chinese Communist ...
, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003) **#
Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy ...
, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013) * **President – Xanana Gusmão,
President of East Timor The president of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste ( pt, Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; tet, Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste. The executiv ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister –
Mari Alkatiri Mari bin Amude Alkatiri, GCIH ( ar, مرعي بن عمودة الكثيري '; born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 following weeks of politica ...
,
Prime Minister of East Timor , insignia = Coat of arms of East Timor.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms of East Timor , flag = , flagsize = , flagborder = ...
(2001–2006) * **President –
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (; 15 October 193127 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied phy ...
,
President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister –
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee (; 25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician who served three terms as the 10th prime minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months fr ...
,
Prime Minister of India The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the ...
(1998–2004) * **President –
Megawati Sukarnoputri Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth Vice President of Indonesia, vice president f ...
,
President of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is ...
(2001–2004) * **Supreme Leader – Ayatollah
Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president o ...
, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present) **President –
Mohammad Khatami Sayyid Mohammad Khatami ( fa, سید محمد خاتمی, ; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to ...
, President of Iran (1997–2005) * ( under an occupation led by the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) **''following the 9 April fall of the
capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
, the occupied
Ba'athist Iraq Ba'athist Iraq, formally the Iraqi Republic until 6 January 1992 and the Republic of Iraq thereafter, covers the History of Iraq, national history of Iraq between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction), Arab S ...
was superseded ensuing
invasion An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing con ...
on 21 April'' **President –
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
,
President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...
(1979–2003) **Administrator – **#
Jay Garner Jay Montgomery Garner (born April 15, 1938) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who in 2003 was appointed as Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, maki ...
,
Civilian administrator of Iraq The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA; ar, سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة, ku, هاوپەيمانى دەسەڵاتى كاتى) was a transitional government of Iraq established following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, invasion of the co ...
(2003) **# Paul Bremer,
Civilian administrator of Iraq The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA; ar, سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة, ku, هاوپەيمانى دەسەڵاتى كاتى) was a transitional government of Iraq established following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, invasion of the co ...
(2003–2004) **Head of Government – **#
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
,
Prime Minister of Iraq The prime minister of Iraq is the head of government of Iraq. On 27 October 2022, Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani became the incumbent prime minister. History The prime minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, a ...
(1994–2003) **#
Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Bahr al-Uloom ( ar, محمد بحر العلوم‎; 17 December 1927 – 7 April 2015) was a Twelver Shi'a Islamic leader and politician in Iraq, who served as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 43rd ...
, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) **# Ibrahim al-Jaafari, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) **# Ahmed Chalabi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) **#
Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ar, إيَاد عَلَّاوِي ; born 31 May 1944) is an Iraqi politician. He served as the vice president of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2018. Previously he was interim prime minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the p ...
, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) **# Jalal Talabani, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) **# Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003) * **President – Moshe Katsav,
President of Israel The president of the State of Israel ( he, נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or he, נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, Nesi HaMedina, President of the State) is the head of state of Israel. The posi ...
(2000–2007) **Prime Minister –
Ariel Sharon Ariel Sharon (; ; ; also known by his diminutive Arik, , born Ariel Scheinermann, ; 26 February 1928 – 11 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. S ...
,
Prime Minister of Israel The prime minister of Israel ( he, רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: he2, רה״מ; ar, رئيس الحكومة, ''Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma'') is the head of government and chief exec ...
(2001–2006) ** ( non-state administrative authority) ***President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004) ***Prime Minister – ***#
Mahmoud Abbas Mahmoud Abbas ( ar, مَحْمُود عَبَّاس, Maḥmūd ʿAbbās; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen ( ar, أَبُو مَازِن, links=no, ), is the president of the State of Palestine and the Palestinian Natio ...
, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003) ***#
Ahmed Qurei Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; ar, أحمد علي محمد قريع, ), also known by his Arabic ''Kunya (Arabic), kunya'' Abu Alaa (, ) (born 26 March 1937) is a former Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. First appointe ...
, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003–2005) * **Monarch –
Akihito is a member of the Imperial House of Japan who reigned as the 125th emperor of Japan from 7 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. He presided over the Heisei era, ''Heisei'' being an expression of achieving peace worldwide. Bo ...
,
Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial House of Japan, Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his positio ...
(1989–2019) **Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi,
Prime Minister of Japan The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: ''Naikaku Sōri-Daijin'') is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of Stat ...
(2001–2006) * **Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present) **Prime Minister – **# Ali Abu al-Ragheb,
Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the List of kings of Jordan, king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet of Jordan, Cabinet. Th ...
(2000–2003) **#
Faisal al-Fayez Faisal Akef Al-Fayez ( ar, فيصل عاكف مثقال الفايز) (born 20 December 1952 in Amman) is a Jordanian politician who was the 34th Prime Minister of Jordan from 25 October 2003 to 6 March 2005. He took office following the resigna ...
,
Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the List of kings of Jordan, king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet of Jordan, Cabinet. Th ...
(2003–2005) * **President – Nursultan Nazarbayev,
President of Kazakhstan The president of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( kk, Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentı; russian: Президент Республики Казахстан, Prezident Respu ...
(1990–2019) **Prime Minister – **# Imangali Tasmagambetov,
Prime Minister of Kazakhstan The Prime Minister of Kazakhstan ( Kazakh Cyrillic: Қазақстан Республикасының Премьер-Министрі, Kazakh Latin: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Premier-Ministrı, ; russian: Премьер-Министр Респ ...
(2002–2003) **# Daniyal Akhmetov,
Prime Minister of Kazakhstan The Prime Minister of Kazakhstan ( Kazakh Cyrillic: Қазақстан Республикасының Премьер-Министрі, Kazakh Latin: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Premier-Ministrı, ; russian: Премьер-Министр Респ ...
(2003–2007) * **Communist Party Leader –
Kim Jong-il Kim Jong-il (; ; ; born Yuri Irsenovich Kim;, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. He led North Korea from the 1994 death of his father Kim ...
,
General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea The general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (Korean: 조선로동당 총비서) is the head of the Workers' Party of Korea, the ruling party in North Korea, and considered as the supreme leader of North Korea. The general secretary i ...
(1997–2011) **''De facto'' Head of State –
Kim Jong-il Kim Jong-il (; ; ; born Yuri Irsenovich Kim;, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. He led North Korea from the 1994 death of his father Kim ...
,
Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea The President of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea () is the head of state of North Korea.Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Article 100 The president chairs the State Af ...
(1993–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State –
Kim Yong-nam Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese f ...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019) **Premier – **# Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet North Korea (1997–2003) **#
Pak Pong-ju Pak Pong-ju (; born 10 April 1939) is a North Korean politician who served as the Premier of North Korea from 2003 to 2007 and again from 2013 to 2019. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2016. Earl ...
, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007) * **President – **# Kim Dae-jung,
President of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...
(1998–2003) **# Roh Moo-hyun,
President of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...
(2003–2008) **Prime Minister – **#
Kim Suk-soo Kim Suk-soo (born November 20, 1932) is a South Korean politician and attorney-at-law. Kim graduated from Paichai High School in 1952 and Yonsei University in 1956 with a bachelor's degree in law. After his service as a justice of the Supreme Co ...
, Prime Minister of South Korea (2002–2003) **#
Goh Kun Goh Kun (Hangul: 고건, Hanja: 高建, born January 2, 1938) is a South Korean politician, the former Prime Minister of South Korea and former Acting President of South Korea. Career Goh was a Minister of Parliament during the 1980s, before be ...
, Prime Minister of South Korea (2003–2004) * **Monarch – Sheikh
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (29 June 1926 – 15 January 2006) ( ar, الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح, translit=ash-Shaykh Jābir al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ) was Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwa ...
, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Sheikh
Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah ( ar, سعد العبد الله السالم الصباح, translit=Saʿad al-ʿAbdullāh as-Sālim as-Sabāh) (1930 – 13 May 2008) was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces d ...
, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003) **#Sheikh
Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ( ar, الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح, translit=ash-Shaykh Sabāh al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ; 16 June 192929 September 2020) was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwa ...
, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006) * **President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) **Prime Minister –
Nikolai Tanayev Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (russian: Николай Тимофеевич Танаев; 5 November 1945 – 19 July 2020) was a Kyrgyz politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2005, under President Askar Akayev. ...
, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005) * **Communist Party Leader –
Khamtai Siphandon General Khamtai Siphandone ( lo, ຄຳໄຕ ສີພັນດອນ; born 8 February 1924)Joseph Chinyong Liow''Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia''(fourth edition, 2015), Routledge, page 212. is a Laotian politician who was ...
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General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the office of the highest-ranking member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) and also typically the supreme leader of Laos. Since the party's takeov ...
(1992–2006) **President –
Khamtai Siphandon General Khamtai Siphandone ( lo, ຄຳໄຕ ສີພັນດອນ; born 8 February 1924)Joseph Chinyong Liow''Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia''(fourth edition, 2015), Routledge, page 212. is a Laotian politician who was ...
,
President of Laos The president of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is the head of state of Laos. The current president is Thongloun Sisoulith, since 22 March 2021. He was previously elected as the General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, ...
(1998–2006) **Premier –
Bounnhang Vorachith Bounnhang Vorachit ( lo, ບຸນຍັງ ວໍລະຈິດ; born 15 August 1938) is a Laotian politician. He was previously General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of Laos from 2016 to 2021. Early life Bou ...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006) * **President –
Émile Lahoud Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 16th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007. His main foreign-policy achievement was to end the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon in May 2000, which was ...
, President of Lebanon (1998–2007) **Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004) * **Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir bin Mohamad ( ms, محاضير بن محمد, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician, author, and physician who served as the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the office ...
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Prime Minister of Malaysia The prime minister of Malaysia ( ms, Perdana Menteri Malaysia; ms, ڤردان منتري مليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the fede ...
(1981–2003) **#
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Tun Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi ( Jawi: عبد الله بن احمد بدوي; born 26 November 1939) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia from October 2003 to April 2009. He was also the sixth president of ...
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Prime Minister of Malaysia The prime minister of Malaysia ( ms, Perdana Menteri Malaysia; ms, ڤردان منتري مليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the fede ...
(2003–2009) * **President –
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (; dv, މައުމޫން ޢަބްދުލް ޤައްޔޫމް; born 29 December 1937) is a Maldivian politician and an Islamic scholar who served as the President of Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Trans ...
, President of the Maldives (1978–2008) * **President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005) **Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar,
Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no ...
(2000–2004) * **Head of State –
Than Shwe Than Shwe ( my, သန်းရွှေ, ; born 2 February 1933 or 3 May 1935) is a Burmese strongman politician who was the head of state of Myanmar from 1992 to 2011 as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). During this ...
, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011) **Prime Minister – **#
Than Shwe Than Shwe ( my, သန်းရွှေ, ; born 2 February 1933 or 3 May 1935) is a Burmese strongman politician who was the head of state of Myanmar from 1992 to 2011 as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). During this ...
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Prime Minister of Myanmar The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council, the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provis ...
(1992–2003) **# Khin Nyunt,
Prime Minister of Myanmar The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council, the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provis ...
(2003–2004) * **Monarch –
Gyanendra Gyanendra Shah ( ne, ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह, born 7 July 1947) is a former monarch who was the last King of Nepal, reigning from 2001 to 2008. As a child, he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather, Tribhuva ...
, King of Nepal (2001–2008) **Prime Minister – **# Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003) **# Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004) * **Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said,
Sultan of Oman The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarchical head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Busaid dynasty, which has been the ruling family of O ...
(1970–2020) **Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020) * **President –
Pervez Musharraf General Pervez Musharraf ( ur, , Parvez Muśharraf; born 11 August 1943) is a former Pakistani politician and four-star general of the Pakistan Army who became the tenth president of Pakistan after the successful military takeover of the ...
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President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=s̤adr-i Pākiṣṭān), officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.Zafarullah Khan Jamali,
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Paki ...
(2002–2004) * **President –
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (, born April 5, 1947), often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician serving as one of the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House Deputy Spe ...
,
President of the Philippines The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...
(2001–2010) * **Monarch – Sheikh
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani ( ar, حمد بن خليفة الثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 ...
,
Emir of Qatar The Emir, or Amir, of the State of Qatar ( ar, أمیر دولة قطر) is the monarch and head of state of the country. He is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the Constitution. He holds the most powerful positio ...
(1995–2013) **Prime Minister – Sheikh
Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani ( ar, عبد الله بن خليفة آل ثاني; born 11 February 1958) was Prime Minister of Qatar from 29 October 1996 to 3 April 2007. He served as an advisor to the Emir and often represented him at ceremon ...
, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007) * **Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005) **Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005) **Prime Minister – Fahd,
Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia The prime minister of Saudi Arabia is the chair of the Council of Ministers and head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Salman has been Prime Minister since 27 September 2022. The post has always been held by either the K ...
(1982–2005) * **President –
S. R. Nathan Sellapan Ramanathan (; 3 July 1924 – 22 August 2016),. often known as S. R. Nathan, was a Singaporean politician who served as the sixth president of Singapore between 1999 and 2011. He was also the longest-serving president in Singapore's hi ...
, President of Singapore (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong,
Prime Minister of Singapore The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of the Republic of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister, a Member of Parliament (MP) who in their opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of the majority of ...
(1990–2004) * **President –
Chandrika Kumaratunga Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga ( si, චන්ද්‍රිකා බණ්ඩාරනායක කුමාරතුංග, ta, சந்திரிகா பண்டாரநாயக்க குமாரதுங்க; born 29 Ju ...
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President of Sri Lanka The President of Sri Lanka ( si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති ''Śrī Laṃkā Janādhipathi''; ta, இலங்கை சனாதிபதி ''Ilankai janātipati'') is the head of state and head of government of t ...
(1994–2005) **Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe,
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head and most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers. It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president, wh ...
(2001–2004) * **President –
Bashar al-Assad Bashar Hafez al-Assad, ', Levantine pronunciation: ; (, born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the 19th president of Syria, since 17 July 2000. In addition, he is the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and the ...
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President of Syria The president of Syria, officially the president of the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: رئيس سوريا) is the head of state of the Syrian Arab Republic. They are vested with sweeping powers that may be delegated, at their sole discretion, to ...
(2000–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Mustafa Mero ( ar, محمد مصطفى ميرو, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Mīrū; 1941 – 22 December 2020) was a Syrian politician who served as Prime Minister of Syria from 7 March 2000 to 10 September 2003. Early life and education M ...
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Prime Minister of Syria The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا), formally titled the president of the Council of Ministers ( ar, رئيس مجلس الوزراء), is the head of government of the Syrian Arab Republic. Nomination The prime ...
(2000–2003) **# Muhammad Naji al-Otari,
Prime Minister of Syria The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا), formally titled the president of the Council of Ministers ( ar, رئيس مجلس الوزراء), is the head of government of the Syrian Arab Republic. Nomination The prime ...
(2003–2011) * **President – Chen Shui-bian,
President of Taiwan The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had aut ...
(2000–2008) **Premier – Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005) * **President – Emomali Rahmonov,
President of Tajikistan The president of Tajikistan is the head of state and de facto head of government of the Republic of Tajikistan. The president heads the executive branch of the country's federal government and is the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forc ...
(1992–present) **Prime Minister –
Oqil Oqilov Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov ( tg, Оқил Ғайбуллоевич Оқилов, ''Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov''; russian: Окил Гайбуллаевич Окилов; born 2 February 1944) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the 7th Prime Mini ...
, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013) * **Monarch –
Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; (Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great ...
, King of Thailand (1946–2016) **Prime Minister –
Thaksin Shinawatra Thaksin Shinawatra ( th, ทักษิณ ชินวัตร; ; ; Chinese: 丘達新; cnr, Taksin Šinavatra; born 26 July 1949), is a Thai businessman, politician and visiting professor. He served in the Thai Police from 1973 to 1987, a ...
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Prime Minister of Thailand The prime minister of Thailand ( th, นายกรัฐมนตรี, , ; literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand. The prime minister is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed si ...
(2001–2006) * **President –
Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ahmet Necdet Sezer (; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2002. The Grand Nationa ...
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President of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the government of Tu ...
(2000–2007) **Prime Minister – **# Abdullah Gül,
Prime Minister of Turkey The prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı'') was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Grand National Assembly of ...
(2002–2003) **#
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as Lis ...
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Prime Minister of Turkey The prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı'') was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Grand National Assembly of ...
(2003–2014) * **President –
Saparmurat Niyazov Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; tk, Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow, in Cyrillic: Сапармырат Атаевич Ныязов (19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006), also known as Turkmenbashi, was a Turkmen politician who rule ...
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President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...
(1990–2006) * **President – Sheikh
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar, زَايِد بِن سُلْطَان آل نَهْيَان, Zāyed bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, statesman, and philanthropist who served as ...
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President of the United Arab Emirates The president of the United Arab Emirates, or the Raʾīs ( ar, رَئِيْس), is the head of state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The president and vice-president are elected every five years by the Federal Supreme Council. Though the p ...
(1976–2004) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum,
Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates The Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of government of the Federal government of the United Arab Emirates. While not required by the UAE constitution, the practice is that the ruler of Dubai serve as the prime minister and ...
(1990–2006) * **President – Islam Karimov,
President of Uzbekistan The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Президенти) is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of Pre ...
(1990–2016) **Prime Minister – **#
Oʻtkir Sultonov O'tkir To'xtamurodovich Sultonov (14 July 1939 – 29 November 2015) was an Uzbek politician who served as the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until he was fired from his position on 12 December 2003. Cabinet included * Abdula ...
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Prime Minister of Uzbekistan This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan ( uz, O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR to the present day. The current prime minister, Abdulla ...
(1995–2003) **# Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan ( uz, O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR to the present day. The current prime minister, Abdulla ...
(2003–2016) * **Communist Party Leader –
Nông Đức Mạnh Nông Đức Mạnh (; born 11 September 1940) is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. ...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011) **President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006) **Prime Minister –
Phan Văn Khải Phan Văn Khải (; 25 December 1933 – 17 March 2018) was a Vietnamese politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam from 25 September 1997 to 27 June 2006. Life and career Phan Văn Khải was born on 25 December 1933 in Tan T ...
, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006) * **President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) **Prime Minister –
Abdul Qadir Bajamal Abdul Qadir Bajamal ( ar, عبد القادر باجمال; February 18, 1946 – September 7, 2020) was a Yemeni politician who served as Prime Minister from March 31, 2001 to April 7, 2007. He was a member of the General People's Congress part ...
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Prime Minister of Yemen The prime minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the prime minister is appointed by the president, and the former, as well as their Cabinet, must enjoy confidence from the House of ...
(2001–2007)


Europe

* **President –
Alfred Moisiu Alfred Spiro Moisiu (; born 1 December 1929) is a former Albanian military general, diplomat and politician. He was the President of Albania from 2002 to 2007. He is the oldest son of Albanian Army general, Spiro Moisiu. Early life, education an ...
, President of Albania (2002–2007) **Prime Minister – Fatos Nano,
Prime Minister of Albania The Prime Minister of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and the mos ...
(2002–2005) * **Monarchs – ***French Co-Prince –
Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Ma ...
, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007) ****Co-Prince's Representative –
Philippe Massoni Philippe Massoni (13 January 1936 – 14 February 2015) was a French prefect. He was the French co-prince's representative to Andorra from July 2002 to June 2007, replacing Frédéric de Saint-Sernin. He had previously been chief of police for P ...
(2002–2007) ***Episcopal Co-Prince – ***#Archbishop
Joan Martí i Alanis Joan Martí i Alanis (29 November 1928 – 11 October 2009) was a former Bishop of Urgell and hence former co-Prince of Andorra. He was Bishop of Urgell from 1971 to 2003. He was a co-signatory, along with François Mitterrand, of Andorra's ...
, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003) ***#
Joan Enric Vives Sicília Joan may refer to: People and fictional characters *Joan (given name), including a list of women, men and fictional characters *:Joan of Arc, a French military heroine *Joan (surname) Weather events *Tropical Storm Joan (disambiguation), multiple ...
, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present) ****Co-Prince's Representative –
Nemesi Marqués Oste Nemesi Marquès Oste (born 17 May 1935) was the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell, who is one of the co-princes of Andorra. He is a Roman Catholic priest, and has been rector of Bellestar, a village of 55 inhabitants. He ...
(1993–2012) **Prime Minister –
Marc Forné Molné Marc Forné i Molné (; born 30 December 1946) was the prime minister of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 20 February 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after Pintat won the January 2005 election. He is a lawyer by profess ...
, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005) * **President –
Robert Kocharyan Robert Sedraki Kocharyan ( hy, Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան ; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh from ...
, President of Armenia (1998–2008) **Prime Minister –
Andranik Margaryan Andranik Nahapeti Margaryan ( hy, Անդրանիկ Նահապետի Մարգարյան; 12 June 1951 – 25 March 2007) served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 12 May 2000, when the President appointed him, until his death on 25 March 20 ...
, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007) * **President –
Thomas Klestil Thomas Klestil (; 4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician who served as President of Austria from 1992 to his death in 2004. He was elected in 1992 and re-elected into office in 1998. Biography until 1992 Born ...
, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004) **Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel,
Federal Chancellor of Austria The chancellor of the Republic of Austria () is the head of government of the Republic of Austria. The position corresponds to that of Prime Minister in several other parliamentary democracies. Current officeholder is Karl Nehammer of the Aus ...
(2000–2007) * **President – **#
Heydar Aliyev Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev ( az, Һејдәр Әлирза оғлу Әлијев, italic=no, Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev, ; , ; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani politician who served as the third president of Aze ...
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President of Azerbaijan The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", ...
(1993–2003) **#
Ilham Aliyev Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev ( az, İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev, ; born 24 December 1961) is the fourth president of Azerbaijan, serving in the post since 31 October 2003. The son and second child of the former Azerbaijani leader Heydar Aliyev, ...
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President of Azerbaijan The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", ...
(2003–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Artur Rasizade Artur Tahir oghlu Rasizade ( az, Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizadə; born 26 February 1935) is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 1996 until 2003, and again from 2003 until 2018. Rasizade was a long-time Communis ...
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Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The prime minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the president in the politic ...
(1996–2003) **#
Ilham Aliyev Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev ( az, İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev, ; born 24 December 1961) is the fourth president of Azerbaijan, serving in the post since 31 October 2003. The son and second child of the former Azerbaijani leader Heydar Aliyev, ...
,
Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The prime minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the president in the politic ...
(2003) **#
Artur Rasizade Artur Tahir oghlu Rasizade ( az, Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizadə; born 26 February 1935) is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 1996 until 2003, and again from 2003 until 2018. Rasizade was a long-time Communis ...
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Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The prime minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the president in the politic ...
(2003–2018) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President –
Arkadi Ghukasyan Arkadi Arshaviri Ghukasyan ( hy, Արկադի Արշավիրի Ղուկասյան, born 22 June 1957) was the second President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He was elected as the President on 8 September 1997 and re-elected i ...
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President of Nagorno-Karabakh The president of Artsakh or president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is the head of state and head of government of the ''de facto'' Republic of Artsakh. In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the Republic voted in favor o ...
(1997–2007) ***Prime Minister –
Anushavan Danielyan Anushavan Sureni Danielyan ( hy, Անուշավան Սուրենի Դանիելյան; born 1 August 1956) was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ( Artsakh) from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Arayik Harutyunyan ...
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Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh The Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was the head of government of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1992 and 2017. The position of Prime Minister was established in 1992, and was appointed by the head of state—the ...
(1999–2007) * **President – Alexander Lukashenko,
President of Belarus The president of the Republic of Belarus ( be, Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь; russian: Президент Республики Беларусь) is the head of state and head of government of Belarus. The office was cre ...
(1994–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Gennady Novitsky Gennady Vasilyevich Novitsky ( be, Гена́дзь Васі́левіч Наві́цкі, tr. ''Henadz Vasilevich Navitski'', ; russian: Генна́дий Васи́льевич Нови́цкий, tr. ''Gennadiy Vasilyevich Novitskiy''; born ...
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Prime Minister of Belarus The prime minister of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the deputy head of government of Belarus. Until 1991, it was known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic as the head of the government of t ...
(2001–2003) **#
Sergei Sidorsky Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky ( be, Сярге́й Сярге́евіч Сідо́рскі, tr. ''Syarhey Syarheyevich Sidorski'', ; russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Сидо́рский, tr. ''Sergey Sergeyevich Sidorskiy''; born Mar ...
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Prime Minister of Belarus The prime minister of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the deputy head of government of Belarus. Until 1991, it was known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic as the head of the government of t ...
(2003–2010) * **Monarch – Albert II,
King of the Belgians Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary, and popular monarchy. The monarch is titled king or queen of the Belgians ( nl, Koning(in) der Belgen, french: Roi / Reine des Belges}, german: König(in) der Belgier) and serves as the country's h ...
(1993–2013) **Prime Minister –
Guy Verhofstadt Guy Maurice Marie Louise Verhofstadt (; ; born 11 April 1953) is a Belgian politician who was the leader of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe from 2009 to 2019, and has been a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Belgium ...
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Prime Minister of Belgium german: Premierminister von Belgien , insignia = State Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg , insigniasize = 100px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms , insigniaalt = , flag = Government ...
(1999–2008) * **Head of State –
Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Predsjedništvo Bosne i Hercegovine, separator=" / ", Предсједништво Босне и Херцеговине) is a three-member body which collectively serves as head of state of ...
***Serb Member – ***# Mirko Šarović (2002–2003; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2002–2003) ***# Borislav Paravac (2003–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003) ***Bosniak Member – Sulejman Tihić (2002–2006) ***Croat Member – ***#
Dragan Čović Dragan Čović (; born 20 August 1956) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 4th Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2005 and from 2014 to 2018. He is the current president of the Croatian Democratic ...
(2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003) ***#
Dragan Čović Dragan Čović (; born 20 August 1956) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 4th Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2005 and from 2014 to 2018. He is the current president of the Croatian Democratic ...
(2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003–2004) **Prime Minister –
Adnan Terzić Adnan Terzić (born 5 April 1960) is a Bosnian politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2007. He was a longtime member of the Party of Democratic Action, until he left it to join the U ...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2007) **High Representative – Lord (Paddy) Ashdown,
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with the Office of the High Representative (OHR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were created in 1995 immediately after the signing of the Dayton Agreement which ended the 1992–1995 Bosn ...
(2002–2006) * **President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012) **Prime Minister –
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Simeon Borisov von Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ( bg, Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски, translit=Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski, ; born 16 June 1937) is a Bulgarian politician who reigned as the last tsar of the Kingdom of Bul ...
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Prime Minister of Bulgaria The prime minister of Bulgaria ( bg, Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament – known as the National Assemb ...
(2001–2005) * **President – Stjepan Mesić,
President of Croatia The president of Croatia, officially the President of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the ...
(2000–2010) **Prime Minister – **#
Ivica Račan Ivica Račan (; 24 February 1944 – 29 April 2007) was a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2000 to 2003, heading two centre-left coalition governments. Račan became the first prime minister of Croatia not to be a ...
, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003) **# Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009) * **President – **#
Glafcos Clerides Glafcos Ioannou Clerides ( el, Γλαύκος Ιωάννου Κληρίδης; 24 April 1919 – 15 November 2013) was a Cypriot politician and barrister who served as the fourth president of Cyprus from 1993 to 2003. At the time of his death, h ...
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President of Cyprus The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Currently, t ...
(1993–2003) **#
Tassos Papadopoulos Efstathios "Tassos" Nikolaou Papadopoulos ( el, Ευστάθιος (Τάσσος) Νικολάου Παπαδόπουλος; 7 January 1934 – 12 December 2008) was a Cypriot politician and barrister who served as the fifth president of Cyp ...
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President of Cyprus The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Currently, t ...
(2003–2008) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005) ***Prime Minister –
Derviş Eroğlu Derviş Eroğlu (born 7 March 1938) is a Turkish Cypriot politician, who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2010Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive pow ...
(1996–2004) * **President – **#
Václav Havel Václav Havel (; 5 October 193618 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright, and former dissident. Havel served as the last president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and then as ...
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President of the Czech Republic The president of the Czech Republic is the head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The president mostly has ceremonial powers as the day-to-day business of the executive governm ...
(1993–2003) **#
Václav Klaus Václav Klaus (; born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second president of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. From July 1992 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993, he served as the secon ...
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President of the Czech Republic The president of the Czech Republic is the head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The president mostly has ceremonial powers as the day-to-day business of the executive governm ...
(2003–2013) **Prime Minister –
Vladimír Špidla Vladimír Špidla () (born 22 April 1951) is a Czech politician who served as the prime minister of the Czech Republic from July 2002 to August 2004 and as European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities from Novemb ...
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Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The prime minister of the Czech Republic (Czech: ''Předseda vlády České republiky'') is the head of the government of the Czech Republic. The prime minister is the de-facto leader of the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and selects its m ...
(2002–2004) * **Monarch –
Margrethe II Margrethe II (; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is Queen of Denmark. Having reigned as Denmark's monarch for over 50 years, she is Europe's longest-serving current head of state and the world's only incumbent femal ...
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Queen of Denmark The monarchy of Denmark is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes Denmark proper and the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The Kingdom of Denmark was alr ...
(1972–present) **Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009) * **President – Arnold Rüütel,
President of Estonia The president of the Republic of Estonia ( et, Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current president is Alar Karis, elected by Parliament on 31 August 2021, replacing Kersti Kaljulaid. Estonia is ...
(2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Siim Kallas Siim Kallas (; born 2 October 1948) is an Estonian politician, former Prime Minister of Estonia, and former European Commissioner. He served as the European Commissioner for Transport between 2010 and 2014. Before that he was the European Commi ...
, Prime Minister of Estonia (2002–2003) **# Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005) * **President – Tarja Halonen,
President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...
(2000–2012) **Prime Minister – **#
Paavo Lipponen Paavo Tapio Lipponen (; born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005. He also served as Speaker of the ...
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Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...
(1995–2003) **#
Anneli Jäätteenmäki Anneli Tuulikki Jäätteenmäki (born 11 February 1955) is a Finnish politician who was the first female Prime Minister of Finland from 17 April 2003 to 24 June 2003. From 2004 until 2019, she served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) ...
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Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...
(2003) **# Matti Vanhanen,
Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...
(2003–2010) * **President –
Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Ma ...
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President of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...
(1995–2007) **Prime Minister –
Jean-Pierre Raffarin Jean-Pierre Raffarin (; born 3 August 1948) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005. He resigned after France's rejection of the referendum on the European Union draft constitution. Howeve ...
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Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (french: link=no, Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister ...
(2002–2005) * **President – **# Eduard Shevardnadze,
President of Georgia President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
(1992–2003) **# Nino Burjanadze, Acting President of Georgia (2003–2004) **Prime Minister – **# Avtandil Jorbenadze, Minister of State of Georgia (2001–2003) **# Zurab Zhvania, Minister of State of Georgia (2003–2005) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President –
Vladislav Ardzinba Vladislav Ardzinba ( ab, Владислав Арӡынба, ka, ვლადისლავ არძინბა; 14 May 1945 – 4 March 2010) was the first ''de facto'' President of Abkhazia. A historian by education, Ardzinba led Abkhazia t ...
, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) ***Prime Minister – ***# Gennadi Gagulia,
Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...
(2002–2003) ***#
Raul Khajimba Raul Jumkovich Khajimba ( ab, Рауль Џьумка-иҧа Ҳаџьымба, ka, რაულ ჯუმკას-ძე ჰაჯიმბა; born 21 March 1958) is an Abkhazian politician, and served as President of Abkhazia from 25 September ...
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Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...
(2003–2004) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011) ***Prime Minister – ***#
Gerasim Khugayev Gerasim "Rezo" Georgievich Khugayev ( os, Хуыгаты Георгийы фырт Герасим (Резо), ''Xwêgatê Géorgiyê fêrt Gérasim (Rézo)''; ka, გერასიმე ხუგაევი, ''Gerasime Khugaevi''; russian: Ге ...
, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001–2003) ***# Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005) * **President –
Johannes Rau Johannes Rau (; 16 January 193127 January 2006) was a German politician (SPD). He was the president of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004 and the minister president of North Rhine-Westphalia from 20 September 1978 to 9 June 1998. In the ...
, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004) **Chancellor –
Gerhard Schröder Gerhard Fritz Kurt "Gerd" Schröder (; born 7 April 1944) is a German lobbyist and former politician, who served as the chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. From 1999 to 2004, he was also the Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ...
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Federal Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
(1998–2005) * **President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos,
President of Greece The president of Greece, officially the President of the Hellenic Republic ( el, Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Próedros tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), commonly referred to in Greek as the President of the Rep ...
(1995–2005) **Prime Minister – Costas Simitis,
Prime Minister of Greece The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic ( el, Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), colloquially referred to as the prime minister of Greece ( el, Πρωθυ ...
(1996–2004) * **President – Ferenc Mádl,
President of Hungary The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, the office is nonetheles ...
(2000–2005) **Prime Minister – Péter Medgyessy, Prime Minister of Hungary (2002–2004) * **President –
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (; born 14 May 1943) is an Icelandic politician who was the fifth president of Iceland from 1996 to 2016.Official CV. He was previously a member of the Icelandic Parliament for the People's Alliance and served as Minist ...
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President of Iceland The president of Iceland ( is, Forseti Íslands) is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his second term as president, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020. Vigdís Finnbogadóttir as ...
(1996–2016) **Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson,
Prime Minister of Iceland The prime minister of Iceland ( is, Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary suppor ...
(1991–2004) * **President – Mary McAleese,
President of Ireland The president of Ireland ( ga, Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of Republic of Ireland, Ireland and the supreme commander of the Defence Forces (Ireland), Irish Defence Forces. The president holds office for seven years, and can ...
(1997–2011) **Prime Minister –
Bertie Ahern Bartholomew Patrick "Bertie" Ahern (born 12 September 1951) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1997 to 2008, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1994 to 2008, Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997, Tánaiste a ...
, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008) * → **President –
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; 9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician and banker who was the prime minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and the president of Italy from 1999 to 2006. Biography Education Ciampi was born i ...
, President of Italy (1999–2006) **Prime Minister –
Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies ...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006) * **President –
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (born 1 December 1937) is a Latvian politician who served as the sixth President of Latvia from 1999 to 2007. She is the first woman to hold the post. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected for the seco ...
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President of Latvia The president of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Valsts prezidents ) is head of state and commander-in-chief of the Latvian National Armed Forces, National Armed Forces of the Latvia, Republic of Latvia. The term of office is four years. Before 1999, it w ...
(1999–2007) **Prime Minister – Einars Repše,
Prime Minister of Latvia The prime minister of Latvia ( lv, ministru prezidents) is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, who presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The officeholder is nominated by the president of Latvia, but must be able to obta ...
(2002–2004) * **Monarch –
Hans-Adam II Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein, since 1989. He is the son of Prince Franz Joseph II and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek. He al ...
, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present) **Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler,
Head of Government of Liechtenstein This is a list of heads of government of Liechtenstein. The current () is Daniel Risch, since 25 March 2021. Head of government Provincial administrator (1861–1921) The () was the title of the head of government from 1861 to 1921. Prime ...
(2001–2009) * **President – **# Valdas Adamkus,
President of Lithuania The President of the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas) is the head of state of Lithuania. The officeholder has been Gitanas Nausėda since 12 July 2019. Powers The president has somewhat more executive authority tha ...
(1998–2003) **# Rolandas Paksas,
President of Lithuania The President of the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas) is the head of state of Lithuania. The officeholder has been Gitanas Nausėda since 12 July 2019. Powers The president has somewhat more executive authority tha ...
(2003–2004) **Prime Minister –
Algirdas Brazauskas Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas (, 1932 – 2010) was the first President (fourth overall) of a newly re-independent post-Soviet Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006. He also served as head of the Communist Party of Li ...
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Prime Minister of Lithuania The prime minister of Lithuania ( lt, Ministras Pirmininkas; "Minister-Chairman") is the head of the government of Lithuania. The prime minister is Lithuania's head of government and is appointed by the president with the assent of the Lithuania ...
(2001–2006) * **Monarch –
Henri Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry (given name), Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List_of_rulers_named_Henry#France, List of rulers named Henry ...
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Grand Duke of Luxembourg The Grand Duke of Luxembourg ( lb, Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, french: Grand-duc de Luxembourg, german: Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the monarchical head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it w ...
(2000–present) **Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013) * **President – Boris Trajkovski,
President of Macedonia The President of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Претседател на Република Северна Македонија; sq, Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut) is the head of state of North Macedonia. The off ...
(1999–2004) **Prime Minister –
Branko Crvenkovski Branko Crvenkovski ( mk, Бранко Црвенковски, pronounced ; born 12 October 1962) is a Macedonian politician who served as Prime Minister of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, and as President of Macedonia ...
, President of the Government of Macedonia (2002–2004) * **President – Guido de Marco,
President of Malta The president of Malta ( mt, President ta' Malta) is the constitutional head of state of Malta. The President is indirectly elected by the House of Representatives of Malta, which appoints the president for a five-year term and requires them to ...
(1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Eddie Fenech Adami,
Prime Minister of Malta The prime minister of Malta ( mt, Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The Prime Minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The Pr ...
(1998–2004) * **President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009) **Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Igor Smirnov,
President of Transnistria , insignia = , insigniasize = , insigniacaption = , insigniaalt = , flag = Presidential Standard of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.svg , flagsize = 100 ...
(1990–2011) * **Monarch –
Rainier III Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest-ruling m ...
, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005) **Prime Minister –
Patrick Leclercq Patrick André Leclercq (born 2 August 1938) was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was chosen by Rainier III, Prince of Monaco in December 1999, to replace Michel Lévêque, who retired a few days later. He had previously served as France's c ...
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Minister of State of Monaco The Prime Minister, literally the Minister of State (French: ''Ministre d'État''), is the head of government of Monaco, being appointed by and subordinate to the Prince of Monaco. During their term of office, the officeholder is responsible for ...
(2000–2005) * **Monarch – Beatrix,
Queen of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. As such, the role and position of the monarch are governed by the Constitution of the Netherlands. Consequently, a large portion of it is devoted to the monarch. Roughly a third of ...
(1980–2013) ** ( constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...
) ***Prime Minister –
Jan Peter Balkenende Jan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende Jr. (; born 7 May 1956) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 to 14 October 2010. Balkenende studied H ...
, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010) ** ( constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...
) ***''see '' ** ( constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...
) ***''see '' * **Monarch –
Harald V Harald V ( no, Harald den femte, ; born 21 February 1937) is King of Norway. He acceded to the throne on 17 January 1991. Harald was the third child and only son of King Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden. He was second in the lin ...
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King of Norway The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms ...
(1991–present) **Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2003–2004) **Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005) * **President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005) **Prime Minister –
Leszek Miller Leszek Cezary Miller (Polish pronunciation: ; born 3 July 1946) is a Polish politician. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019. From 1989 to 1990 was a member of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Pa ...
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Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
(2001–2004) * **President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006) **Prime Minister –
José Manuel Barroso José Manuel Durão Barroso (; born 23 March 1956) is a Portuguese politician and university teacher, currently serving as non-executive chairman of Goldman Sachs International. He previously served as the 11th president of the European Commi ...
,
Prime Minister of Portugal The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
(2002–2004) * **President – Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004) **Prime Minister – Adrian Năstase,
Prime Minister of Romania The prime minister of Romania ( ro, Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania ( ro, Prim-ministrul Guvernului României, link=no), is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was s ...
(2000–2004) * **President –
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
,
President of Russia The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal ...
(1999–2008) **Prime Minister –
Mikhail Kasyanov Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov ( rus, link=no, Михаи́л Миха́йлович Касья́нов, , mʲɪxɐˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsʲjanəf; born 8 December 1957) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia fr ...
, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004) * **Captains-Regent – **# Giuseppe Maria Morganti and Mauro Chiaruzzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2002–2003) **# Pier Marino Menicucci and Giovanni Giannoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003) **#
Giovanni Lonfernini Giovanni Lonfernini (born 2 October 1976) was captain regent of San Marino for the semester from October 2003 to March 2004. He is of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, and his co-captain-regent was Valeria Ciavatta Valeria Ciavatta (b ...
and
Valeria Ciavatta Valeria Ciavatta (born 16 January 1959) is a Sammarinese politician, who was a co- captain-regent (joint head of state) of San Marino along with Luca Beccari for the semester of April to September 2014. She is a member of the Popular Alliance of ...
, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003–2004) * **'' from the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
on 4 February'' **President – **# Vojislav Koštunica, President of Yugoslavia (2000–2003) **# Svetozar Marović,
President of Serbia and Montenegro The President of Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Председник Србије и Црне Горе, Predsednik Srbije i Crne Gore) was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was ...
(2003–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Dragiša Pešić Dragiša Pešić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгиша Пешић; 8 August 1954 – 8 September 2016) was a Yugoslav politician. He was the second last Prime Minister of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Biography Pešić was born in Danilovgrad on ...
,
Prime Minister of Yugoslavia The prime minister of Yugoslavia ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Премијер Југославије, Premijer Jugoslavije) was the head of government of the Yugoslavia, Yugoslav state, from the Creation of Yugoslavia, creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croa ...
(2001–2003) **# Svetozar Marović,
Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro The prime minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006. Between 1992–2003 the full name of the office was President of the Federal ...
(2003–2006) **
Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
( Self-Governing Entity under UN administration) ***President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006) ***Prime Minister – Bajram Rexhepi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2002–2004) ***UN Special Representative – ***#
Michael Steiner Michael Steiner (born 28 November 1949, in Munich) is a German diplomat who served as head of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). He was the German Ambassador to India from March 2012 - June 2015. Early life and education Michael Stein ...
, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2002–2003) ***# Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003) ***# Harri Holkeri, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003–2004) * **President –
Rudolf Schuster Rudolf Schuster (born 4 January 1934) is a Slovak politician, who served as the second president of Slovakia from 1999 to 2004. He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. In the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he sou ...
,
President of Slovakia The president of the Slovak Republic ( sk, Prezident Slovenskej republiky) is the head of state of Slovakia and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The president is directly elected by the people for five years, and can be elected for ...
(1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006) * **President –
Janez Drnovšek Janez Drnovšek (; 17 May 1950 – 23 February 2008) was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990), Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2002, with a short break in 2000) and President of Slovenia (200 ...
,
President of Slovenia The president of Slovenia, officially the president of the Republic of Slovenia ( sl, Predsednik Republike Slovenije), is the head of state of the Republic of Slovenia. The position was established on 23 December 1991 when the National Assembly (S ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister –
Anton Rop Anton Rop (born 27 December 1960) is a Slovenian politician. Currently, he is a vice-president of European Investment Bank. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia, from 2002 to 2004. Until 2005 he was also the president of the Liberal Democratic Part ...
, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2002–2004) * **Monarch –
Juan Carlos I Juan Carlos I (;, * ca, Joan Carles I, * gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...
,
King of Spain , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...
(1975–2014) **Prime Minister –
José María Aznar José María Alfredo Aznar López (; born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who was the prime minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He led the People's Party (PP), the dominant centre-right political party in Spain. A member of the Fre ...
, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004) * **Monarch –
Carl XVI Gustaf Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden. He ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, on 15 September 1973. He is the youngest child and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Du ...
,
King of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parliamentary system: see the Instrument o ...
(1973–present) **Prime Minister – Göran Persson,
Prime Minister of Sweden The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subj ...
(1996–2006) * **Council – Federal Council of Switzerland ***Members –
Kaspar Villiger Kaspar Villiger (pronounced Caspar Feeleeger; born 5 February 1941) is a Swiss businessman, politician and former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1989–2003). Political career On 1 February 1989, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Counc ...
(1989–2003), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010),
Pascal Couchepin Pascal Couchepin (born 5 April 1942) is a Swiss politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1998 to 2009. A member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD), he was President of the Swiss Confederation twice, in 2003 and 2008 ...
(1998–2009;
President of Switzerland The president of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the president of the Confederation or colloquially as the president of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by t ...
, 2003),
Ruth Metzler Ruth Metzler (born Arnold, 23 May 1964) is a Swiss politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1999 to 2003. A member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), she headed the Federal Department of Justice and P ...
(1999–2003),
Joseph Deiss Joseph Deiss (born 18 January 1946) is a Swiss economist and politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1999 to 2006. A member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), he first headed the Federal Departmen ...
(1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and
Hans-Rudolf Merz Hans-Rudolf Merz (born 10 November 1942) is a Swiss politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2004 to 2010. A member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) until the foundation of FDP.The Liberals in 2009, he headed the ...
(2003–2010) * **President –
Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corrup ...
,
President of Ukraine The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
(1994–2005) **Prime Minister – Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022) **Prime Minister –
Tony Blair Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British former politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He previously served as Leader of th ...
,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
(1997–2007) ** ( Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005) ***Chief Minister –
Richard Corkill Richard Kenneth Corkill (born 1951) was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, December 2001 to December 2004 and an elected member of the House of Keys from 1991 to 2006. He was born in Douglas, Isle of Man. He was elected by Tynwald with 21 vo ...
,
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man The Chief Minister (Manx: ''Ard-shirveishagh'') is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, b ...
(2001–2004) ** ( Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005) ***Bailiff – Sir
de Vic Carey Sir de Vic Graham Carey (born 15 June 1940) is a Guernsey bailiff. He is the son of advocate Victor Michael Graham de Vic ("Michael") Carey and Jean (''née'' Bullen). At the age of 10 days, he evacuated to England with his parents in the face ...
,
Bailiff of Guernsey The title Bailiff of Guernsey has been used since at least the 13th century and indicated the leading citizen of Guernsey. The 90th and current Bailiff is Richard McMahon. History A ''Bailli'', the early Norman name for Bailiff was the perso ...
(1999–2005) ** ( Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir
John Cheshire Air chief marshal Sir John Anthony Cheshire, , born , is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. RAF career Born the son of Group Captain (later Air Chief Marshal Sir) Walter Cheshire, and educated at Ipswich School and Worksop Colleg ...
, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006) ***Bailiff – Sir
Philip Bailhache Sir Philip Martin Bailhache KC ( ) is a Jersey politician and lawyer who has served as a Deputy for St Clement since 2022 and the leader of the Jersey Liberal Conservatives party. He served as Bailiff of Jersey from 1995 to 2009, before ent ...
,
Bailiff of Jersey The Bailiff of Jersey () is the civic head of the Bailiwick of Jersey. In this role, he is not the head of government nor the head of state, but the chief justice of Jersey and presiding officer of Jersey's parliament, the States Assembly. The ...
(1995–2009) ** ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) ***Governor – ***#Sir
David Durie Sir David Robert Campbell Durie, (born 21 August 1944) is a retired British civil servant, whose last major public appointment was as Governor of Gibraltar. Early life Born into a family with a military tradition, Durie grew up in Scotlan ...
, Governor of Gibraltar (2000–2003) ***# David Blunt, Acting Governor of Gibraltar (2003) ***#Sir Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006) ***Chief Minister –
Peter Caruana Sir Peter Richard Caruana, (born 15 October 1956) is a Gibraltarian former politician who served as Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 1996 to 2011 and Leader of the Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD) from 1991 to 2013. Caruana is a barrister by pr ...
,
Chief Minister of Gibraltar The chief minister of Gibraltar is the head of His Majesty's Government of Gibraltar who is elected by the Gibraltar Parliament, and formally appointed by the governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British monarch. The incumbent chief ...
(1996–2011) * **Monarch –
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005) **Head of Government – Cardinal
Edmund Szoka Edmund Casimir Szoka (September 14, 1927 – August 20, 2014) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Until 2006, he was President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and President of the Governorate of Vatican City ...
,
President of the Governorate of Vatican City The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State ( la, Pontificia Commissio pro Civitate Vaticana, it, Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Città del Vaticano;) is the legislative body of Vatican City. It consists of a president, who also ...
(1997–2006) **
Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...
( ''sui generis'' subject of public international law) ***Secretary of State – Cardinal
Angelo Sodano Angelo Raffaele Sodano, GCC (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and from 1991 on a cardinal. He was the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 ...
,
Cardinal Secretary of State The Secretary of State of His Holiness (Latin: Secretarius Status Sanctitatis Suae, it, Segretario di Stato di Sua Santità), commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See's Secretariat of State, which is the ...
(1990–2006) * **''see under the aforelisted State Union of Serbia and Montenegro''


North America

* ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004) **Chief Minister –
Osbourne Fleming Osbourne Berrington Fleming (born February 18, 1940) is a politician and a former chief minister of Anguilla. He held that post from March 6, 2000, three days after the Anguilla United Front, a conservative coalition which included Fleming's Angui ...
,
Chief Minister of Anguilla The Premier of Anguilla is the head of government in the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of Anguilla on behalf of the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently King Charles III. Up until 2019 the ...
(2000–2010) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
,
Queen of Antigua and Barbuda The monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Antigua and Barbuda. The current Antiguan and Barbudan monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is King C ...
(1981–present) **Governor-General – Sir
James Carlisle Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG (born August 5, 1937) is a dentist and the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Vere Cornwall Bird (the country's first prime minister), his term ended in June 2007, after 16 years in of ...
,
Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda The governor-general of Antigua and Barbuda is the representative of the monarch of Antigua and Barbuda, currently King Charles III. The official residence of the governor-general is Government House. The position of governor-general was est ...
(1993–2007) **Prime Minister –
Lester Bird Sir Lester Bryant Bird KNH (21 February 1938 – 9 August 2021) was an Antigua and Barbuda politician and athlete who served as the second prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party (ALP ...
, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004) * ( constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...
) **Governor –
Olindo Koolman Olindo Koolman (born 15 April 1942) was the second governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 29 January 1992 until 11 August 2004. Biography Koolman was born on 15 April 1942 in Aruba. He studied law, and in 1966 became ...
, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004) **Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber,
Prime Minister of Aruba The Prime Minister of Aruba is de facto head of the Executive branch of government. Together with Aruba's Council of Ministers, they form the executive branch of Aruba Aruba ( , , ), officially the Country of Aruba ( nl, Land Aruba; pap, Pais ...
(2001–2009) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
,
Queen of the Bahamas The monarchy of the Bahamas is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the The Bahamas, Commonwealth of the Bahamas. The current Bahamian monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is ...
(1973–present) **Governor-General – Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005) **Prime Minister –
Perry Christie Perry Gladstone Christie PC, MP (born 21 August 1943) is a Bahamian former politician who served as Prime Minister of the Bahamas from 2002 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2017. He is the second longest-serving Bahamian elected parliamentarian (behi ...
,
Prime Minister of the Bahamas The prime minister of the Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas. The prime minister is formally appointed into office by the governor-general of the Bahamas, who represents Charles III, the king of the Bahamas (the Bahamian head of s ...
(2002–2007) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
,
Queen of Barbados The monarchy of Barbados was a system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign and head of state of Barbados from 1966 to 2021. Barbados shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms, with the country's monarchy be ...
(1966–2021) **Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands,
Governor-General of Barbados The governor-general of Barbados was the representative of the Barbadian monarch from independence in 1966 until the establishment of a republic in 2021. Under the government's Table of Precedence for Barbados, the governor-general of Barbados ...
(1996–2011) **Prime Minister – Owen Arthur,
Prime Minister of Barbados The prime minister of Barbados is the head of government of Barbados. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Barbados, president under the terms of the Constitution of Barbados, Constitution. As the nominal holder of executive aut ...
(1994–2008) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
,
Queen of Belize The monarchy of Belize is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Belize. The current Belizean monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is King Charles III. As sovereign, he is the perso ...
(1981–present) **Governor-General – Sir
Colville Young Sir Colville Norbert Young (born 20 November 1932) is a Belizeans, Belizean politician who served as the 2nd Governor-General of Belize. He is also a patron of the Scouting, Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed as the Governor-General ...
, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021) **Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Sir John Vereker (governor), John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007) **Premier – **#Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003) **#Alex Scott (politician), Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the Virgin Islands, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006) **Chief Minister – **#Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the Virgin Islands, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003) **#Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the Virgin Islands, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Canada, Queen of Canada (1952–present) **Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005) **Prime Minister – **#Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003) **#Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005) **Head of Government – McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005) * **President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006) * **Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011) **President – Fidel Castro, President of Cuba, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008) **Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008) * **President – **#Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003) **#Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012) **Prime Minister – Pierre Charles (Dominican politician), Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004) * **President – Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004) * **President – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Grenada, Queen of Grenada (1974–present) **Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams (governor-general), Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008) **Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008) * **President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004) * **President – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004) **Prime Minister – Yvon Neptune, Prime Minister of Haiti (2002–2004) * **President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Jamaica, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present) **Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006) **Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006) * **President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004) **Chief Minister – John Osborne (Montserrat politician), John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006) * ( constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...
) **Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010) **Prime Minister – **#Etienne Ys, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2003) **#Ben Komproe, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2003) **#Mirna Louisa-Godett, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2003–2004) * **President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007) * **President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) **Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013) **Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Saint Lucia, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present) **Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017) **Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006) *  ( overseas collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) **''redesignated from a
departmental collectivity Departmental collectivity (french: collectivité départementale) was a legal designation used to describe the particular status of French overseas collectivity of Mayotte between 2001 and 2011. The term is used to indicate that Mayotte at the t ...
of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 28 March'' **Prefect – Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005) **Head of Government – Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) **Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019) **Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–2019) * **President – **#A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003) **#George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005) **Chief Minister – **#Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003) **#Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009) * **President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009) ** (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) ***Governor – Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005) ** (insular area of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) ***Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)


Oceania

* (Territories of the United States, unorganised, territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) **Governor – **#Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003) **#Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Australia, Queen of Australia (1952–present) **Governor-General – **#Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003) **#Sir Guy Green (judge), Guy Green, Administrator of the Government of Australia (2003) **#Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008) **Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007) ** (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – ***#Bill Taylor (naval officer), Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003) ***#Ray Stone, Administrator of Christmas Island, Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2003) ***#Evan Williams (diplomat), Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005) ***Shire-President – ***#Andrew Smolders, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003) ***#Gordon Thomson (Christmas Island), Gordon Thomson, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011) **Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – ***#Bill Taylor (naval officer), Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003) ***#Ray Stone, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Acting administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003) ***#Evan Williams (diplomat), Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005) ***Shire-President – Ronald Grant (Cocos Islands), Ronald Grant, President of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007) ** (politics of Norfolk Island#Relationship with Australia, self-governing territory of Australia) ***Administrator – ***#Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003) ***#Michael Stephens (administrator), Michael Stephens, Administrator of Norfolk Island, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003) ***#Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007) ***Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006) * **President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006) **Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006) *  ( overseas collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) **''redesignated from an overseas territory (France), overseas territory of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 28 March'' **High Commissioner – Michel Mathieu (French politician), Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005) **Head of Government – Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004) * (insular area of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) **Governor – **#Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003) **#Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011) * **President – **#Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003) **#Tion Otang, list of heads of state of Kiribati, Chairman of the Council of State of Kiribati (2003) **#Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016) * **President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008) * **President – **#Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003) **#Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007) * **President – **#René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003) **#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003) **#René Harris, President of Nauru (2003) **#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003) **#Derog Gioura, President of Nauru (2003) **#Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2003) **#René Harris, President of Nauru (2003–2004) * (French overseas departments and territories#Special collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) **High Commissioner – Daniel Constantin (administrator), Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005) **Head of Government – Pierre Frogier, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2001–2004) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of New Zealand, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present) **Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Queen's Representative – Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013) ***Prime Minister – Robert Woonton, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2002–2004) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008) **Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand) ***Administrator – ***#Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003) ***#Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006) ***Head of Government – ***#Pio Tuia, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2002–2003) ***#Kolouei O'Brien, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2003–2004) * (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
) **Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006) * **President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Papua New Guinea, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present) **Governor-General – **#Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003) **#Bill Skate, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2003–2004) **Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006) **Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of Pitcairn, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) * **Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007) **Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present) **Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006) * **Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, monarchy of Tonga, King of Tonga (1965–2006) **Prime Minister – Prince Tupou VI, Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006) * **Monarch –
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
, monarchy of Tuvalu, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present) **Governor-General – **#Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003) **#Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005) **Prime Minister – Saufatu Sopoanga, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2002–2004) * **President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004) *  ( overseas collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) **''redesignated from an overseas territory (France), overseas territory of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 28 March'' **Administrator – Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005) **Head of Government – Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)


South America

* **President – **#Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina (2002–2003) **#Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007) * **President – **#Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President of Bolivia (2002–2003) **#Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005) * **President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010) * **President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006) * **President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010) * **President – **#Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003) **#Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005) * ( Overseas Territory of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
) **Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006) * **President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015) * **President – **#Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003) **#Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008) * **President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Luis Solari De La Fuente, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2002–2003) **#Beatriz Merino, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003) **#Carlos Ferrero, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003–2005) * **President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010) * **President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005) * **President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)


Notes


External links


Rulers
list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen
n online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories {{Lists of 21st-century state leaders 2003 in politics, State leaders 2003-related lists, State leaders 2003 in international relations, State leaders Lists of state leaders by year, 2003