While the word

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

is hard to define, one standard model of religion used in religious studies courses defines it as a Many religions have narratives,

symbol A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different conc ...

tradition A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...

s and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the

origin of life In biology, abiogenesis (from a- 'not' + Greek bios 'life' + genesis 'origin') or the origin of life is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothes ...

or the universe. They tend to derive

morality Morality () is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong). Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of cond ...

ethics Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns m ...

religious law Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions. Different religious systems hold sacred law in a greater or lesser degree of importance to their belief systems, with some being explicitly antinomian whereas others ...

s, or a preferred

lifestyle Lifestyle often refers to: * Lifestyle (sociology), the way a person lives * ''Otium'', ancient Roman concept of a lifestyle * Style of life (german: Lebensstil, link=no), dealing with the dynamics of personality Lifestyle may also refer to: Bu ...

from their ideas about the

cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...

and

human nature Human nature is a concept that denotes the fundamental dispositions and characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting—that humans are said to have naturally. The term is often used to denote the essence of humankind, or ...

. According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups,

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tyl ...

s, movements, ultimate concerns, which at some point in the future will be countless. The word ''religion'' is sometimes used interchangeably with the words "

faith Faith, derived from Latin ''fides'' and Old French ''feid'', is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or In the context of religion, one can define faith as "belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion". Religious people often ...

" or "belief system", but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organized behaviours, including clerical hierarchies, a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, congregations of

laity In religious organizations, the laity () consists of all members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or a lay brother. In both religious and wider secular usage, a layperson ...

, regular meetings or services for the purposes of

veneration Veneration ( la, veneratio; el, τιμάω ), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness. Angels are shown similar veneration in many religions. Etymo ...

of a

deity A deity or god is a supernatural being who is considered divine or sacred. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greate ...

or for

prayer Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication. In the narrow sense, the term refers to an act of supplication or intercession directed towards a deity or a deified a ...

holy places Sacred space, sacred ground, sacred place, sacred temple, holy ground, or holy place refers to a location which is deemed to be sacred or hallowed. The sacredness of a natural feature may accrue through tradition or be granted through a bless ...

(either natural or architectural) or

religious text Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They differ from literature by being a compilation or discussion of beliefs, mythologies, ritual prac ...

s. Certain religions also have a

sacred language A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in church service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives. Concept A sacr ...

often used in

liturgical Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and partic ...

services. The practice of a religion may also include

sermon A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher, usually a member of clergy. Sermons address a scriptural, theological, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law, or behavior within both past and present contexts. El ...

s, commemoration of the activities of a

God In monotheism, monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator deity, creator, and principal object of Faith#Religious views, faith.Richard Swinburne, Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Ted Honderich, Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Ox ...

or gods,

sacrifice Sacrifice is the offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a deity as an act of propitiation or worship. Evidence of ritual animal sacrifice has been seen at least since ancient Hebrews and Greeks, and possibly exi ...

festival A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival c ...

feasts A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival con ...

trance Trance is a state of semi-consciousness in which a person is not self-aware and is either altogether unresponsive to external stimuli (but nevertheless capable of pursuing and realizing an aim) or is selectively responsive in following the dir ...

ritual A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or objects, performed according to a set sequence. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community. Rituals are characterized, b ...

liturgies Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and partic ...

ceremonies A ceremony (, ) is a unified ritualistic event with a purpose, usually consisting of a number of artistic components, performed on a special occasion. The word may be of Etruscan origin, via the Latin '' caerimonia''. Church and civil (secular) ...

worship Worship is an act of religious devotion usually directed towards a deity. It may involve one or more of activities such as veneration, adoration, praise, and praying. For many, worship is not about an emotion, it is more about a recognition ...

initiation Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense, it can also signify a transformation ...

funeral A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect th ...

marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between ...

meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally cal ...

invocation An invocation (from the Latin verb ''invocare'' "to call on, invoke, to give") may take the form of: *Supplication, prayer or spell. *A form of possession. *Command or conjuration. *Self-identification with certain spirits. These forms are ...

mediumship Mediumship is the practice of purportedly mediating communication between familiar spirits or ghost, spirits of the dead and living human beings. Practitioners are known as "mediums" or "spirit mediums". There are different types of mediumship o ...

music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

art Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. There is no generally agreed definition of wha ...

dance Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoir ...

public service A public service is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies ...

or other aspects of human culture. Religious beliefs have also been used to explain parapsychological

phenomena A phenomenon ( : phenomena) is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which ''cannot'' be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried W ...

such as

out-of-body experience An out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE) is a phenomenon in which a person perceives the world from a location outside their physical body. An OBE is a form of autoscopy (literally "seeing self"), although this term is more commonly use ...

near-death experience A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics. When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detac ...

s and

reincarnation Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death. Resurrection is a ...

, along with many other

paranormal Paranormal events are purported phenomena described in popular culture, folk, and other non-scientific bodies of knowledge, whose existence within these contexts is described as being beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding. Nota ...

and

supernatural Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature. The term is derived from Medieval Latin , from Latin (above, beyond, or outside of) + (nature) Though the corollary term "nature", has had multiple meanings si ...

experiences. Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories:

world religions World religions is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the five—and in some cases more—largest and most internationally widespread religious movements. Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are always includ ...

, a term which refers to transcultural, international faiths; Indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and

new religious movement A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or th ...

s, which refers to recently developed faiths. One modern academic theory of religion,

social constructionism Social constructionism is a theory in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory which proposes that certain ideas about physical reality arise from collaborative consensus, instead of pure observation of said reality. The theory ...

, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and

follows a model similar to the

Abrahamic religions The Abrahamic religions are a group of religions centered around worship of the God of Abraham. Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch, is extensively mentioned throughout Abrahamic religious scriptures such as the Bible and the Quran. Jewish tradition ...

as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings, and thus believes that religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.

Eastern religions

East Asian religions

Religions that originated in

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...

, also known as Taoic religions; namely

Taoism Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of Philosophy, philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of China, Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmo ...

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...

, Shenism,

Muism Korean shamanism or Mu-ism is a religion from Korea. In the Korean language, alternative terms for the tradition are ''musok'' () and ''mugyo'' (무교, 巫敎). Scholars of religion have classified it as a folk religion. There is no central auth ...

and

Shinto Shinto () is a religion from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners ''Shintois ...

, and religions and traditions related to, and descended from them.

Confucianism

Confucian church The Confucian church ( or ) is a Confucianism, Confucian religious and social institution of the Church (congregation), congregational type. It was first proposed by Kang Youwei (1858–1927) near the end of the 19th century, as a state religion ...

es **

Kongshenghui The Holy Confucian Church or Holy Church of Confucius (孔圣会 ''Kǒngshènghuì'') or Holy Confucian Church of China (中华孔圣会 ''Zhōnghuá Kǒngshènghuì'') is a body formed of many local Confucian churches or halls (孔圣堂 ''Kǒ ...

** Hong Kong Confucian Academy ** Indonesian Confucian Church ** Shanrendao **

Shengdao Shengdao (圣道 "Holy Way" or "Way of the Hallows"), best known by its corporate name Tongshanshe () is a Confucianism, ConfucianD. Palmer. Redemptive Societies as Confucian NRMs?'. ''Journal of Chinese Theatre, Ritual and Folklore'' / ''Minsu Qu ...

** Taigu school ** Luanism **

Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Wa ...

Edo Neo-Confucianism Edo Neo-Confucianism, known in Japanese as , refers to the schools of Neo-Confucian philosophy that developed in Japan during the Edo period. Neo-Confucianism reached Japan during the Kamakura period. The philosophy can be characterized as humani ...

New Confucianism New Confucianism () is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and further developed in post- Mao era contemporary China. It primarily developed during the May Fourth Movement. It is ...

Korean Confucianism Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea. One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural influence from China. ...

Shinto

* Koshintō *

Yoshida Shintō , also frequently referred to as , was a prominent sect of Shintō that arose during the Sengoku period through the teachings and work of Yoshida Kanetomo. The sect was originally an effort to organize Shintō teachings into a coherent structure ...

Izumo-taishakyo is a Japanese Shinto grouping. It was established by Takatomi Senge (1845–1918), the 80th head priest of Izumo-taisha in 1882, as one of the original thirteen sects of ''Kyoha Shintō Rengokai'' (Association of Sectarian Shinto), during the Me ...

Konkōkyō , or just Konkō, is a Shintō sect, being a part of the ''Kyoha Shintō Rengokai'' (Association of Sectarian Shinto), and an independent faith with origins in Shinbutsu-shūgō beliefs. Konkokyo worships the spirit and energy that flows throug ...

* Kurozumikyō *

Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama is a Shintō-derived religious movement headquartered in the town of Hiranai in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. History Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama originates from Tazawa Seishirō's dedication of a shrine in 1919 to a Yama-no-Kami after he witnes ...

Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō (Japanese ) is a Japanese new religious movement which emerged from Shinto. It was established by Sayo Kitamura () (1900–1967), with activities beginning in 1945. The movement includes 450,000 members. Kitamura claime ...

Taoism

Way of the Five Pecks of Rice The Way of the Five Pecks of Rice () or the Way of the Celestial Master, commonly abbreviated to simply The Celestial Masters, was a Chinese Taoist movement founded by the first Celestial Master Zhang Daoling in 142 CE. At its height, the movem ...

Way of the Celestial Masters The Way of the Celestial Masters is a Chinese Daoist movement that was founded by Zhang Daoling in 142 AD. Its followers rebelled against the Han Dynasty, and won their independence in 194. At its height, the movement controlled a theocratic stat ...

***

Zhengyi Dao Zhengyi Dao (), also known as the Way of Orthodox Unity, Teaching of the Orthodox Unity, and Branch of the Orthodox Unity is a Chinese Taoist movement that traditionally refers to the same Taoist lineage as the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice and ...

("Way of the Right Oneness") *

Shangqing School The Shangqing School (Chinese:上清派), also known as Supreme Clarity or Highest Clarity is a Taoist movement that began during the aristocracy of the Western Jin dynasty. Shangqing can be translated as either 'Supreme Clarity' or 'Highest Clari ...

("School of the Highest Clarity") *

Lingbao School The Lingbao School (), also known as the School of the Sacred Jewel or the School of Numinous Treasure, was an important Taoist School that emerged in China in between the Jin dynasty and the Liu Song dynasty in the early fifth century CE. It la ...

("School of the Numinous Treasure") *

Quanzhen School The Quanzhen School (全真: ''Quánzhēn''), also known as Completion of Authenticity, Complete Reality, and Complete Perfection is currently one of the two dominant denominations of Taoism in mainland China. It originated in Northern China i ...

("School of the Fulfilled Virtue") **

Dragon Gate Taoism The Dragon Gate sect ( 龍門派 Lóngmén pài) of the Complete Reality School ( 全真派 Quánzhēn pài) of Taoism incorporates elements of Buddhism and Confucianism into a comprehensive form of Taoism. Complete Reality Taoism is generally ...

Wuliupai Wu-liu pai (), or Wu-liu fa pai (), also known as Xianfo () — a school of Taoism with main focus on internal alchemy (neidan). Main principles The school's doctrine is related in the works of the school's founders: "Common Teachings of Immortals ...

("School of Wu-Liu") *

Yao Taoism Yao folk religion is the ethnic religion of the Yao people, a non-Sinitic ethnic group who reside in the Guangxi, Hunan and surrounding provinces of China. Their religion has been profoundly intermingled with Taoism since the 13th century, so much ...

(a.k.a. "Meishanism") *

Faism Chinese ritual mastery traditions, also referred to as ritual teachings (, sometimes rendered as "Faism"),Yu-chi Tsao, 2012. or Folk Taoism (), or also Red Taoism (mostly in east China and Taiwan), constitute a large group of Chinese orders of r ...

(a.k.a. "Redhead Taoism") *

Xuanxue Xuanxue (), sometimes called Neo-Daoism (Neo-Taoism), is a metaphysical post-classical Chinese philosophy from the Six Dynasties (222-589), bringing together Taoist and Confucian beliefs through revision and discussion. The movement found its scri ...

(a.k.a. "Neo-Taoism")

Other

= Chinese religions

= *

Benzhuism Benzhuism () is the indigenous religion of the Bai people, an ethnic group of Yunnan, China. It consists in the worship of the ''ngel zex'', the Bai word for "patrons" or "lords", rendered as ''benzhu'' (本主) in Chinese, that are local gods an ...

(Bai people) *

Bimoism BimoismPan Jiao, 2011 (, Yi: ) is the indigenous religion of the Yi people, the largest ethnic group in Yunnan after the Han Chinese. It takes its name from the ''bimo'', shaman- priests who are also masters of Yi language and scriptures, w ...

(Yi people) *

Chinese ancestral worship Chinese ancestor veneration, also called Chinese ancestor worship, is an aspect of the Chinese traditional religion which revolves around the ritual celebration of the deified ancestors and tutelary deities of people with the same surname or ...

Chinese folk religion Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be filled ...

** Chinese folk religion in Southeast Asia **

Northeast China folk religion Northeast China folk religion is the variety of Chinese folk religion of northeast China, characterised by distinctive cults original to Hebei and Shandong, transplanted and adapted by the Han Chinese settlers of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang ( ...

Chinese religions of fasting The Chinese religions of fasting () are a subgroup of the Chinese salvationist religions. Their name refers to the strict vegetarian fasting diet that believers follow. This subgroup originated as the ''Lǎoguān zhāijiào'' (老官齋教 "Venera ...

Chinese salvationist religions Chinese salvationist religions or Chinese folk religious sects are a Chinese religious tradition characterised by a concern for salvation (moral fulfillment) of the person and the society.; ''passim'' They are distinguished by egalitarianism, a f ...

* Chinese shamanism (Wuism) * De Jiao *

Dongba Dongba (Nakhi: ''²dto¹mba'', ) refers to both the religion and the priests of the Nakhi people of Southwest China. Role in society ''Dongba'' is believed to have originated from the indigenous Tibetan Bon religion. According to Nakhi leg ...

(Nakhi people) * Guiyidao (Red Swastika Society) *

Luoism Luodao (罗道 "Way of Luo") or Luoism (罗教), originally Wuweiism (无为教), refers to a Chinese folk religious tradition, a wide range of sect organisations flourishing over the last five hundred years, which trace their origins back to the ...

* Maitreyanism *

Manchu shamanism Manchu folk religion or Manchu traditional religion is the ethnic religion practiced by most of the Manchu people, the major- Tungusic group, in China. It can also be called Manchu shamanism by virtue of the word "shaman" being originally from Tu ...

(Manchu people) * Mazu worship * Moism (Zhuang people) *

Nuo folk religion Nuo folk religion, or extendedly Chinese popular exorcistic religion, is a variant of Chinese folk religion with its own system of temples, rituals, orders of priests and gods, which is interethnic and practiced across central and southern China b ...

(Tujia people) *

Qiang folk religion Qiang folk religion is the indigenous religion of the majority of the Qiang people, an ethnic group of Sichuan ( China) tightly related to the Han Chinese and the Tibetans.Chapter 1.3.6 "Religion" It is pantheistic, involving the worship of a var ...

(Qiang people) * Sanyiism * Tiandiism *

Wang Ye worship Wang Ye worship () is a Fujianese and Taiwanese folk religion, frequently considered an aspect of the Taoist belief system. Wang Ye is particularly worshipped in Southern Taiwan and also among Minnan speaking communities worldwide. The customary ...

Weixinism Weixinism ( ''Wéixīnjiào''), institutionally also known by the extended title of Holy Church of the Heart-Only ( ''Wéixīn Shèngjiào'') is one of the Chinese salvationist religions born in Taiwan in the late 20th century. It was founded in 1 ...

Xiantiandao The Xiantiandao (, or "Way of the Primordial"; Vietnamese: ', Japanese: '), also simply Tiandao (; Vietnamese: ', Japanese: ') is one of the most productive currents of Chinese folk religious sects such as the White Lotus Sect, characterised by ...

Xuanyuanism Xuanyuandao (軒轅道 "Way of Xuanyuan"), also known as Xuanyuanism (軒轅教) or Huangdiism (黄帝教), is a Confucian folk religion of China which was founded in Taipei, Taiwan, in 1952.Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 295 The founder was Wang H ...

Yao folk religion Yao folk religion is the ethnic religion of the Yao people, a non-Sinitic ethnic group who reside in the Guangxi, Hunan and surrounding provinces of China. Their religion has been profoundly intermingled with Taoism since the 13th century, so much ...

(Yao people) * Yaochidao *

Yiguandao Yiguandao / I-Kuan Tao (),; ko, 일관도, Ilgwando; th, อนุตตรธรรม, . meaning the Consistent Way or Persistent Way, is a Chinese salvationist religious sect that emerged in the late 19th century, in Shandong, to become C ...

* Zailiism

=Chinese philosophy schools

= * Daojia * Fajia *

Huang–Lao ''Huang–Lao'' or ''Huanglao'' () was the most influential Chinese school of thought in the early 2nd-century BCE Han dynasty, having its origins in a broader political-philosophical drive looking for solutions to strengthen the feudal order as ...

Mohism Mohism or Moism (, ) was an ancient Chinese philosophy of ethics and logic, rational thought, and science developed by the academic scholars who studied under the ancient Chinese philosopher Mozi (c. 470 BC – c. 391 BC), embodied in an epony ...

Ruism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or a ...

Yangmingism School of the Heart, or Yangmingism, known in Mandarin as (), lit. 'heart study' and in Japanese as (), is one of the major philosophical schools of Neo-Confucianism, based on the ideas of the idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Shouren (wh ...

= Japanese religions

= * Ainu religion * Kōshin-shinkō * Onmyōdō * Ryukyuan religion *

Shugendō is a highly syncretic religion, a body of ascetic practices that originated in the Nara Period of Japan having evolved during the 7th century from an amalgamation of beliefs, philosophies, doctrines and ritual systems drawn from local fol ...

= Korean religions

= *

Korean shamanism Korean shamanism or Mu-ism is a religion from Korea. In the Korean language, alternative terms for the tradition are ''musok'' () and ''mugyo'' (무교, 巫敎). Scholars of religion have classified it as a folk religion. There is no central auth ...

Gasin faith In Korean shamanism, Gasin (, literally ''House's God'') are a branch of deities believed to protect the various objects and rooms of the house, such as jangdok or the kitchen. The Gasin faith is the faith based on worshipping these deities. T ...

Cheondoism Cheondoism (spelled Chondoism in North Korean sources; ) is a 20th-century Korean pantheistic religion, based on the 19th-century Donghak religious movement founded by Ch'oe Che-u and codified under Son Pyŏng-Hi. Cheondoism has its origins i ...

Daejongism Daejongism ( ko, 대종교, 大倧敎 ''Daejonggyo'' or ''Taejongkyo'', "religion of the Divine Progenitor" or "great ancestral religion") or Dangunism ( ko, 단군교, 檀君敎 ''Dangungyo'' or ''Tangunkyo'', "religion of Dangun") is the name of ...

Daesun Jinrihoe Daesun Jinrihoe ( ko, 대순진리회), which in its English-language publications has recently used the transliteration Daesoonjinrihoe and, from 2017, Daesoon Jinrihoe, is a Korean new religious movement, founded in April 1969 by Park Han-g ...

* Jeung San Do *

Suwunism Suunism () is one of the Korean ethnic religions derived from Sinism.Lee Chi-ran, p. 3 It is a splinter from Cheondoism that in turn originated as an organised formation of the Donghak movement. "Suwun" was another name used by Choe Je-u.Lee C ...

Korean Taoism Taoism or "Do" is thought to be the earliest state philosophy for the Korean people spanning several thousand years. However, its influence waned with the introduction of Buddhism during the Goryeo kingdom as the national religion and the domin ...

= Mongolian religions

= *

Mongolian shamanism Mongolian shamanism ( mn, Бөө мөргөл — ''Böö mörgöl''), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and it ...

** Yellow shamanism ** Black shamanism

= Vietnamese religions

= *

Vietnamese folk religion Vietnamese folk religion ( vi, tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam, sometimes just called , Chữ Hán: ) is the ethnic religion of the Vietnamese people. About 86% of the population in Vietnam are associated with this religion. Vietnamese f ...

* Vietnamese Taoism *

Đạo Mẫu Đạo Mẫu (, ) is the worship of mother goddesses which was established in Vietnam in the 16th century. While scholars like Ngô Đức Thịnh propose that it represents a systematic worship of mother goddesses, Đạo Mẫu draws together f ...

* Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương * Đạo Dừa *

Caodaism Caodaism ( vi, Đạo Cao Đài, Chữ Hán: ) is a Monotheism, monotheistic Religious syncretism, syncretic new religious movement officially established in the city of Tây Ninh in southern Vietnam in 1926. The full name of the religion is ...

Hòa Hảo Hòa Hảo is a religious movement described either as a syncretistic folk religion or as a sect of Buddhism. It was founded in 1939 by Huỳnh Phú Sổ (1920–1947), who is regarded as a saint by its devotees. It is one of the major religio ...

Dharmic religions

The four main religions that originated in the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

; namely

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

Jainism Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current ...

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

and

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

and religions and traditions related to, and descended from them.

Buddhism

Mahayana ''Mahāyāna'' (; "Great Vehicle") is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices. Mahāyāna Buddhism developed in India (c. 1st century BCE onwards) and is considered one of the three main existing bra ...

Chinese Buddhism Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism ( zh, s=汉传佛教, t=漢傳佛教, p=Hànchuán Fójiào) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, ...

Tiantai Tiantai or T'ien-t'ai () is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China. The school emphasizes the ''Lotus Sutra's'' doctrine of the "One Vehicle" (''Ekayāna'') as well as Mādhyamaka philosophy ...

***

Tendai , also known as the Tendai Lotus School (天台法華宗 ''Tendai hokke shū,'' sometimes just "''hokke shū''") is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition (with significant esoteric elements) officially established in Japan in 806 by the Japanese m ...

***

Cheontae Cheontae is the Korean descendant of the Chinese Buddhist school Tiantai. Tiantai was introduced to Korea a couple of times during earlier periods, but was not firmly established until the time of Uicheon (1055-1101) who established Cheontae in ...

*** Daśabhūmikā **

Huayan school The Huayan or Flower Garland school of Buddhism (, from sa, अवतंसक, Avataṃsaka) is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that first flourished in China during the Tang dynasty (618-907). The Huayan worldview is based primar ...

***

Hwaeom The Huayan or Flower Garland school of Buddhism (, from sa, अवतंसक, Avataṃsaka) is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that first flourished in China during the Tang dynasty (618-907). The Huayan worldview is based primar ...

***

Kegon The Huayan or Flower Garland school of Buddhism (, from sa, अवतंसक, Avataṃsaka) is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that first flourished in China during the Tang dynasty (618-907). The Huayan worldview is based prima ...

Chan Buddhism Chan (; of ), from Sanskrit '' dhyāna'' (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards, becoming especially popular during the Tang and So ...

***

Seon Buddhism Seon or Sŏn Buddhism (Korean: 선, 禪; IPA: ʌn is the Korean name for Chan Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism commonly known in English as Zen Buddhism. Seon is the Sino-Korean pronunciation of Chan () an abbreviation of 禪那 ('' ...

*** Thiền Buddhism ****

Trúc Lâm Trúc Lâm Yên Tử (竹林安子), or simply Trúc Lâm ("Bamboo Grove"), is a Vietnamese ''Thiền'' (i.e. zen) sect. It is the only native school of Buddhism in Vietnam. The school was founded by Emperor Trần Nhân Tông (1258–1308) showing ...

***

Zen Buddhism Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...

***

Caodong school Caodong school () is a Chinese Chan Buddhist sect and one of the Five Houses of Chán. Etymology The key figure in the Caodong school was founder Dongshan Liangjie (807-869, 洞山良价 or Jpn. Tozan Ryokai). Some attribute the name "Cáodòng" ...

****

Sōtō Sōtō Zen or is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and Ōbaku). It is the Japanese line of the Chinese Cáodòng school, which was founded during the Tang dynasty by Dòngsh� ...

*****

Keizan Keizan Jōkin (, 1268–1325), also known as Taiso Jōsai Daishi, is considered to be the second great founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan. While Dōgen, as founder of Japanese Sōtō, is known as , Keizan is often referred to as . Keiza ...

line *****

Jakuen Jìyuán (寂円, 1207 – 8 October 1299), better known to Buddhist scholars by his Japanese name Jakuen, was a Chinese Zen Buddhist monk and a disciple of Rujing. Most of his life is known to us only through medieval hagiography, legends, ...

line ***** Giin line ***

Linji school The Línjì school () is a school of Chan Buddhism named after Linji Yixuan (d. 866). It took prominence in Song China (960–1279), spread to Japan as the Rinzai school and influenced the nine mountain schools of Korean Seon. History Song d ...

**** Rinzai school ****

Ōbaku The is one of several schools of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, in addition to Sōtō and Rinzai. History Often termed the third sect of Zen Buddhism in Japan, Ōbaku-shū was established in 1661 by a small faction of masters from China and their ...

****

Fuke-shū or Fuke Zen was, according to the legend, a distinct and ephemeral derivative school of Zen Buddhism that originated as an offshoot of the Rinzai school during the nation's feudal era, lasting from the 13th century until the late 19th centur ...

***

Kwan Um School of Zen The Kwan Um School of Zen (관음선종회) (KUSZ) is an international school of zen centers and groups founded in 1983 by Zen Master Seung Sahn. The school's international head temple is located at the Providence Zen Center in Cumberland, Rhode Is ...

***

Sanbo Kyodan is a lay Zen sect derived from both the Soto (Caodong) and the Rinzai ( Linji) traditions. It was renamed Sanbo-Zen International in 2014. The term ''Sanbo Kyodan'' has often been used to refer to the Harada-Yasutani zen lineage. However, a ...

Madhyamaka Mādhyamaka ("middle way" or "centrism"; ; Tibetan: དབུ་མ་པ ; ''dbu ma pa''), otherwise known as Śūnyavāda ("the emptiness doctrine") and Niḥsvabhāvavāda ("the no ''svabhāva'' doctrine"), refers to a tradition of Buddhist ...

***

East Asian Mādhyamaka East Asian Madhyamaka refers to the Buddhist tradition in East Asia which represents the Indian Madhyamaka (''Chung-kuan'') system of thought. In Chinese Buddhism, these are often referred to as the ''Sānlùn'' ( Ch. 三論宗, Jp. ''Sanron'', ...

(a.k.a. the "Three Treatise school") ***

Jonang The Jonang () is one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Its origins in Tibet can be traced to early 12th century master Yumo Mikyo Dorje, but became much wider known with the help of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a monk originally trained in the ...

*** Prasaṅgika *** Svatantrika **

Nichiren Buddhism Nichiren Buddhism ( ja, 日蓮仏教), also known as Hokkeshū ( ja, 法華宗, meaning ''Lotus Sect'') is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one o ...

***

Honmon Butsuryū-shū The Honmon Butsuryū-shū () is a branch of the Honmon Hokke Shū sect (one of the most ancient sects of Nichiren Buddhism). It was founded by Nagamatsu Nissen (; 1817–1890) and a group of followers the 12th of January 1857 with the name of H ...

*** Kempon Hokke ***

Nichiren Shōshū is a branch of Nichiren Buddhism based on the traditionalist teachings of the 13th century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282), claiming him as its founder through his senior disciple Nikko Shonin (1246–1333), the founder of ...

***

Nichiren Shū Nichiren (16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher of the Kamakura period. Nichiren declared that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings suited for the Third Age of ...

*** Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga ***

Reiyūkai , or Reiyūkai Shakaden, is a Japanese Buddhist new religious movement founded in 1919 by Kakutarō Kubo (1892-1944) and Kimi Kotani (1901-1971). It is a lay organization (there are no priests) inspired by Nichiren Buddhism, but not affiliated to ...

****

Myōchikai Kyōdan Myōchikai Kyōdan (妙智会教団) is a Japanese Buddhist lay organisation that stems from Reiyūkai. It was founded in 1950 by Miyamoto Mitsu. Its teachings are based on Nichiren Buddhism and the Lotus Sutra. By its own account it has close ...

**** Myōdōkai Kyōdan ****

Risshō Kōsei Kai ; until June 1960, is a Japanese new religious movement founded in 1938 by Nikkyō Niwano and Myōkō Naganuma. Risshō Kōsei Kai is organized as a lay Buddhist movement, which branched off from the older Reiyūkai, and is primarily focused ...

*** Soka Gakkai **

Pure Land Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism (; ja, 浄土仏教, translit=Jōdo bukkyō; , also referred to as Amidism in English,) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Buddha's Buddha-field or Pure Land. It is one of the most wid ...

***

Jōdo Shinshū , also known as Shin Buddhism or True Pure Land Buddhism, is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. It was founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran. Shin Buddhism is the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan. History Shinran ( ...

****

Honganji-ha Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha (official name), commonly called Honganji-ha, is a Japanese Buddhist organization. It is a sub-sect within Jodo Shinshu. Its head temple is Nishi Hongan-ji is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple in the Shimogyō ward of ...

****

Ōtani-ha Ōtani-ha (真宗大谷派, ''Shinshū Ōtani-ha'') is a Japanese Buddhist movement. It belongs to Jōdo Shinshū, also known as Shin Buddhism. The movement has approximately 5.5 million members. The headquarters of Ōtani-ha are in Kyoto,http://w ...

***

Jōdo-shū , also known as Jōdo Buddhism, is a branch of Pure Land Buddhism derived from the teachings of the Japanese ex-Tendai monk Hōnen. It was established in 1175 and is the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan, along with Jōdo Shi ...

Yogācāra Yogachara ( sa, योगाचार, IAST: '; literally "yoga practice"; "one whose practice is yoga") is an influential tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing the study of cognition, perception, and consciousness through t ...

***

East Asian Yogācāra East Asian Yogācāra (, "'Consciousness Only' school" or , "'Dharma Characteristics' school") refers to the traditions in East Asia which developed out of the Indian Buddhist Yogachara systems. The 4th-century Gandharan brothers, Asaṅga an ...

Humanistic Buddhism Humanistic Buddhism () is a modern philosophy practiced by Buddhist groups originating from Chinese Buddhism which places an emphasis on integrating Buddhist practices into everyday life and shifting the focus of ritual from the dead to the li ...

Nikaya Buddhism The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools. Examples of these groups are pre-sectarian Buddhism and the early Buddhist schools. Some scholars exclude ...

(incorrectly called "

Hinayana Hīnayāna (, ) is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "small/deficient vehicle". Classical Chinese and Tibetan teachers translate it as "smaller vehicle". The term is applied collectively to the ''Śrāvakayāna'' and ''Pratyekabuddhayāna'' pa ...

" in the West) **

Theravada ''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school' ...

***

Sangharaj Nikaya The Sangharaja Nikaya is a tradition of Theravada Buddhism, located in Bangladesh. The word Nikaya is Pali and literally means "volume". It refers to the sections of the Tipitaka. However, an alternate usage is practiced in Southeast Asia, in ...

(Bangladesh) ***

Mahasthabir Nikaya The Mahasthabir Nikaya is a Bengali order of Buddhist monks. They were anti-reformists and anti-foreign influence who attempted to replace the movement led by Saramitra Mahasthabir ("Saramedha Mahasthavira" in Pali), which led to the formation of ...

(Bangladesh) *** Dwara Nikaya (Burma) ***

Shwegyin Nikaya Shwegyin Nikāya (, ; also spelt Shwekyin Nikāya) is the second largest monastic order of monks in Burma. It is one of nine legally sanctioned monastic orders (''nikāya'') in the country, under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations. Sh ...

(Burma) ***

Thudhamma Nikaya Thudhamma Nikaya ( my, သုဓမ္မာနိကာယ, ; also spelt Sudhammā Nikāya) is the largest monastic order of monks in Burma. It is one of 9 legally sanctioned monastic orders (''nikāya'') in the country, under the 1990 Law Co ...

(Burma) **** Vipassana tradition of

Mahasi Sayadaw Mahāsī Sayādaw U Sobhana ( my, မဟာစည်ဆရာတော် ဦးသောဘန, ; 29 July 1904 – 14 August 1982) was a Burmese Theravada Buddhist monk and meditation master who had a significant impact on the teaching of vipa ...

and disciples ***

Amarapura Nikaya Amarapura ( my, အမရပူရ, MLCTS=a. ma. ra. pu ra., , ; also spelt as Ummerapoora) is a former capital of Myanmar, and now a township of Mandalay city. Amarapura is bounded by the Irrawaddy river in the west, Chanmyathazi Township in t ...

(Sri Lanka) *** Ramañña Nikaya (Sri Lanka) **** Galduwa Forest Tradition ***

Siam Nikaya The Siam (also Siyamopali and Siyam) Nikaya is a monastic order within Sri Lankan Buddhism, founded by Upali Thera and located predominantly around the city of Kandy. It is so named because it originated within Thailand (formerly known in Sri Lan ...

(Sri Lanka) *** Sri Lankan Forest Tradition ***

Dhammayuttika Nikaya Dhammayuttika Nikāya (Pali; th, ธรรมยุติกนิกาย; ; km, ធម្មយុត្តិកនិកាយ, ), or Dhammayut Order ( th, คณะธรรมยุต) is an order of Theravada Buddhist ''bhikkhus'' (monk ...

(Thailand) ****

Thai Forest Tradition The Kammaṭṭhāna Forest Tradition of Thailand (from pi, kammaṭṭhāna meaning "place of work"), commonly known in the West as the Thai Forest Tradition, is a lineage of Theravada Buddhist monasticism. The Thai Forest Tradition sta ...

***** Tradition of

Ajahn Chah Chah Subhaddo ( th, ชา สุภัทโท, known in English as Ajahn Chah, occasionally with honorific titles '' Luang Por'' and ''Phra'') also known by his honorific name "Phra Bodhiñāṇathera" ( th, พระโพธิญาณเ� ...

***

Maha Nikaya The Mahā Nikāya (literal translation: "great order") is one of the two principal monastic orders, or fraternities, of modern Thai and Cambodian Buddhism. The term is used to refer to any Theravada monks not within the Dhammayuttika Nikaya, the o ...

(Thailand) ****

Dhammakaya Movement The Dhammakaya tradition or Dhammakaya movement, sometimes spelled as ''Thammakaai movement'', is a Thai Buddhist tradition founded by Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro in the early 20th century. It is associated with several temples descended from Wat ...

Vipassana movement The Vipassanā movement, also called (in the United States) the Insight Meditation Movement and American vipassana movement, refers to a branch of modern Burmese Theravāda Buddhism that promotes "bare insight" (''sukha-vipassana'') to attain ...

(United States) *

Vajrayana Vajrayāna ( sa, वज्रयान, "thunderbolt vehicle", "diamond vehicle", or "indestructible vehicle"), along with Mantrayāna, Guhyamantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism, are names referring t ...

Azhaliism Azhaliism (), also known as Dianmi or Baimi, is a Vajrayana Buddhist religion practiced among the Bai people of Yunnan, China. The name comes from lay tantric priests called ''azhali'' (Sanskrit: ''acharyas'') who are key figures in the religion ...

(Bai people) **

Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism refers to traditions of Tantra and Esoteric Buddhism Vajrayāna ( sa, वज्रयान, "thunderbolt vehicle", "diamond vehicle", or "indestructible vehicle"), along with Mantrayāna, Guhyamantrayāna, Tantrayā ...

Newar Buddhism Newar Buddhism is the form of Vajrayana Buddhism practiced by the Newar people of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It has developed unique socio-religious elements, which include a non-monastic Buddhist society based on the Newar caste system and ...

(Nepal) **

Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism in Maritime Southeast Asia refers to the traditions of Esoteric Buddhism found in Maritime Southeast Asia which emerged in the 7th century along the maritime trade routes and port cities of the In ...

Shingon Buddhism Shingon monks at Mount Koya is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia, originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra. K ...

(Japan) **

Southern Esoteric Buddhism Southern Esoteric Buddhism and Borān kammaṭṭhāna ('former practices') are terms used to refer to certain esoteric practices, views and texts within Theravada Buddhism. It is sometimes referred to as Tantric Theravada due to its parallel wit ...

Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...

***

Bon ''Bon'', also spelled Bön () and also known as Yungdrung Bon (, "eternal Bon"), is a Tibetan religious tradition with many similarities to Tibetan Buddhism and also many unique features.Samuel 2012, pp. 220-221. Bon initially developed in t ...

(Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal) ***

Gelug file:DalaiLama0054 tiny.jpg, 240px, 14th Dalai Lama, The 14th Dalai Lama (center), the most influential figure of the contemporary Gelug tradition, at the 2003 Kalachakra ceremony, Bodh Gaya, Bodhgaya (India). The Gelug (, also Geluk; "virtuous ...

***

Kagyu The ''Kagyu'' school, also transliterated as ''Kagyü'', or ''Kagyud'' (), which translates to "Oral Lineage" or "Whispered Transmission" school, is one of the main schools (''chos lugs'') of Tibetan (or Himalayan) Buddhism. The Kagyu lineag ...

****

Dagpo Kagyu Dagpo Kagyu encompasses the branches of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism that trace their lineage back through Gampopa (1079-1153), who was also known as Dagpo Lhaje () "the Physician from Dagpo" and Nyamed Dakpo Rinpoche "Incomparable Pre ...

*****

Karma Kagyu Karma Kagyu (), or Kamtsang Kagyu (), is a widely practiced and probably the second-largest lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The lineage has long-standing monasteries in Tibet, China, Russia, ...

***** Barom Kagyu *****

Drukpa Lineage The Drukpa Kagyu (), or simply Drukpa, sometimes called either Dugpa or " Red Hat sect" in older sources,

****

Shangpa Kagyu The Shangpa Kagyu (, "Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo Kagyu schools. The Dagpo Kagyu are the linea ...

***

Nyingma Nyingma (literally 'old school') is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It is also often referred to as ''Ngangyur'' (, ), "order of the ancient translations". The Nyingma school is founded on the first lineages and transl ...

***

Sakya The ''Sakya'' (, 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu. Origins Virūpa, 16th century. It depic ...

***

Bodongpa The Bodongpa or Bodong tradition, is one of the smaller traditions of Tibetan Buddhism falling outside the classification of the four main schools. History Bodong E Monastery (), located in Yutok (), in modern Tashigang (), Lhatse County, was t ...

***

Rimé movement The Rimé movement is a movement or tendency in Tibetan Buddhism which promotes non-sectarianism and universalism.Sam van Schaik (2011). ''Tibet: A History'', pp. 161-162. Yale University Press. Teachers from all branches of Tibetan Buddhism - ...

Kirat Mundhum Kirat Mundum, also known as Kiratism, or Kirati Mundum, is a Folk religion that is indigenous to the Kirati ethnic groups of Nepal, Darjeeling and Sikkim, majorly practiced by Yakkha, Limbu, Sunuwar, Rai, Thami, Jirel, Hayu and Surel pe ...

(Nepal)

= Neo-Buddhism

= *

Navayana Navayana (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: ''Navayāna'') means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of Buddhism by Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar; it is also called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism. Ambedkar was a polymath, theol ...

(India; also called Neo-Buddhism or Ambedkarite Buddhism) * Dalit Buddhist movement *

Shambhala Buddhism Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam Trungpa and his students. It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as r ...

Diamond Way Buddhism Diamond Way Buddhism (''Diamond Way Buddhism - Karma Kagyu Lineage'') is a lay organization within the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. The first Diamond Way Buddhist center was founded in 1972 by Hannah Nydahl and Ole Nydahl in Copenhag ...

Triratna Buddhist Community The Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)) is an international fellowship of Buddhists and others who aspire to its path of mindfulness. It was founded by Sangharakshita (born Dennis Philip Edward ...

New Kadampa Tradition The New Kadampa Tradition – International Kadampa Buddhist Union (NKT—IKBU) is a global Buddhist new religious movement founded by Kelsang Gyatso in England in 1991. In 2003 the words "International Kadampa Buddhist Union" (IKBU) were a ...

Share International Share International Foundation is a non-profit religious organization founded by Benjamin Creme (1922–2016) with its main offices in London, Amsterdam, Tokyo and Berkeley, California. Melton J. Gordon, Gale Research Inc, Jerome Clark, Aidan A. ...

Shinnyo-en is a Japanese Buddhist new religious movement in the tradition of the Daigo branch of Shingon Buddhism. It was founded in 1936 by , and his wife in a suburb of metropolitan Tokyo, the city of Tachikawa, where its headquarters is still located. ...

* True Buddha School *

Won Buddhism Won Buddhism ( ko, 원불교, Wǒnbulgyo, label=none), is a modern religion originating in Korea. It can be regarded as either a syncretic new religious movement or a reformed Buddhism. The name "Won Buddhism" comes from the Korean words 원/� ...

Hinduism

* Ayyavazhi *

Kaumaram __NOTOC__ Murugan is a Hindu denomination that primarily venerates the Hindu deity of war, ''Kumaran'', also known as Murugan (in South India), ''Kandan'', or ''Kadamban'', or '' Kartikeya, aarumugan,'' . Most devotees of Kumaran also revere m ...

Shaivism Shaivism (; sa, शैवसम्प्रदायः, Śaivasampradāyaḥ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being. One of the largest Hindu denominations, it incorporates many sub-traditions rangi ...

Aghori The Aghori (from Sanskrit '; ) are a monastic order of ascetic Shaivite sadhus based in Uttar Pradesh, India Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the mos ...

** Indonesian Shaivism **

Kapalika The Kāpālika tradition was a Tantric, non-Puranic form of Shaivism which originated in Medieval India between the 7th and 8th century CE. The word is derived from the Sanskrit term '' kapāla'', meaning "skull", and ''kāpālika'' means ...

** Kashmir Shaivism **

Nath Nath, also called Natha, are a Shaiva sub-tradition within Hinduism in India and Nepal. A medieval movement, it combined ideas from Buddhism, Shaivism and Yoga traditions in India.Adinath Sampradaya The Adinath Sampradaya was a sadhu sub-sect of the greater Nath tradition. Followers of this tradition were given Sannyasa diksha, thus renouncing householder life, and thereafter lived as naked sadhus. Believing that sadhus should live alone until ...

*** Inchegeri Sampradaya **

Pashupata Shaivism Pashupata Shaivism (, sa, पाशुपत) is the oldest of the major Shaivite Hindu schools. The mainstream which follows Vedic Pasupata penance are 'Maha Pasupatas' and the schism of 'Lakula Pasupata' of Lakulisa. There is a debate about ...

Shaiva Siddhanta Shaiva Siddhanta () (Tamil: சைவ சித்தாந்தம் "Caiva cittāntam") is a form of Shaivism that propounds a dualistic philosophy where the ultimate and ideal goal of a being is to become an enlightened soul through Shiv ...

** Veerashaivism (

Lingayatism Lingayatism or Veera Saivism is a Hindu denomination based on Shaivism. Initially known as '' Veerashaivas'', since the 12th-century adherents of this faith are known as ''Lingayats''. The terms ''Lingayatism'' and ''Veerashaivism'' have been ...

) *

Shaktism Shaktism ( sa, शाक्त, , ) is one of several major Hindu denominations, wherein the metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically a woman and Shakti ( Mahadevi) is regarded as the supreme godhead. It includes many goddesses, al ...

** Kalikula ** Srikula *

Smartism The ''Smarta'' tradition ( sa, स्मार्त), also called Smartism, is a movement in Hinduism that developed and expanded with the Puranas genre of literature. It reflects a synthesis of four philosophical strands, namely Mimamsa, A ...

Śrauta Śrauta is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism. It is an adjective and prefix for texts, ceremonies or person associated with śruti. The term, for example, refers to Brahmins who spec ...

Tantra Tantra (; sa, तन्त्र, lit=loom, weave, warp) are the esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism that developed on the Indian subcontinent from the middle of the 1st millennium CE onwards. The term ''tantra'', in the Indian ...

Baul The Baul ( bn, বাউল) are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism, Vaishnavism and Tantra from Bangladesh and the neighboring Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley and Meghalaya. Bauls cons ...

Kaula Kaula may refer to: People * Prithvi Nath Kaula (1924–2009), Indian librarian * William J. Kaula (1871–1953), American watercolor painter * William M. Kaula (1926–2000), Australian-born American geophysicist Other uses * USS ''Kaula'' (AG-3 ...

Vaishnavism Vaishnavism ( sa, वैष्णवसम्प्रदायः, Vaiṣṇavasampradāyaḥ) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism. It is also called Vishnuism since it considers Vishnu as the ...

Krishnaism Krishnaism (IAST: ''Kṛṣṇaism'') is a large group of independent Hinduism, Hindu traditions—sampradayas related to Vaishnavism—that center on the devotion to Krishna as ''Svayam Bhagavan'', ''Ishvara'', ''Para Brahman'', the source of ...

Balmikism Balmikism is a Hindu sect that reveres the sage Balmiki (also known as Bala Shah or Lal Beg) as their ancestor as a patron saint. Followers believe that Balmiki was an avatar of God, and they consider his works, the ''Ramayana'' and the '' Yoga ...

** Brahma Sampradaya (

Madhva tradition Sadh Vaishnavism ( IAST: ''Sādh Vaiṣṇavism''), (popularly referred as Madhva Sampradaya, Madhva Vaishnavism and Brahma Sampradaya), is a denomination within the Vaishnavism Bhagavata tradition of Hinduism. Sadh Vaishnavism was founded by thi ...

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Gaudiya Vaishnavism Gaudiya Vaishnavism (), also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism, is a Vaishnava Hindu religious movement inspired by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) in India. "Gaudiya" refers to the Gaura or Gauḍa region of Bengal, with Vaishnavism meanin ...

**** Gaudiya Saraswata Sampradaya *****

Gaudiya Mission The Gaudiya Mission ( bn, গৌড়ীয় মিশন) is a Gaudiya Vaishnava monastic and missionary organization whose founder acharya is Srila Prabhupad (6 Feb 1874 — 3 Jan 1937) alias ''Srimad Bhakti Siddhanta Sarasvati Goswami M ...

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International Society for Krishna Consciousness The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known Colloquialism, colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement or Hare Krishnas, is a Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Gaudiya Vaishnava Hinduism, Hindu religious organization. ISKCON was found ...

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ISKCON Revival Movement The ISKCON Revival Movement (IRM) was formed as a pressure group in 2000 to revive and reform ISKCON on the basis of the directives for succession given by Srila Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. IRM opposes both the zonal guru system and it ...

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Science of Identity Foundation The Science of Identity Foundation (SIF) is a Hindu Gaudiya Vaishnavite Yoga religious organization based in Hawaii, United States, founded by Chris Butler (also known by his Vaishnavite name Siddhaswarupananda Goswami) in 1977.Manipuri Vaishnavism Manipuri Vaishnavism, also known as Meitei Vaishnavism ( mni, Bhei-sna-bh Lāi-nīng), is a regional variant of Gaudiya Vaishnavism with a culture-forming role in the north-eastern Indian state of Manipur. The Manipuri Vaishnavas do not worsh ...

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Haridasa The Haridasa Bhakti Sahitya devotional movement (sampradaya) originated in Karnataka, India, after Madhvacharya, and spread to eastern states such as Bengal and Assam of medieval India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and ...

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Mahanam Sampraday , native_name_lang = Bn , image = Prabhu Jagadbandhu.jpg , caption = Prabhu Jagadbandu considered avatar by Mahanam Sampraday , formation = 1891 as movement , founder = Prabhu Jagadbandu (inspirator)Sripa ...

Ekasarana Dharma Ekasarana Dharma (literally: ''Shelter-in-One religion'') is a neo-Vaishnavite monolithic religion propagated by Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th-16th century in the Indian state of Assam. It reduced focus on vedic ritualism and focuses on d ...

** Kapadi Sampradaya ** Mahanubhava **

Nimbarka Sampradaya The Nimbarka Sampradaya (IAST: ''Nimbārka Sampradāya'', Sanskrit निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय), also known as the Hamsa Sampradāya, and Sanakādi Sampradāya (सनकादि सम्प्रदाय), is ...

** Pranami/ Pranami Sampraday **

Radha Vallabh Sampradaya The Radha Vallabh Sampradaya is a Vaishnava Hindu denomination which began in 1535 at Vrindavan with the bhakti poet- sant Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu (1502–1552). Harivansh's views are related to Krishnaism but emphasizes devotion to Radhar ...

** Ramsnehi **

Rudra Sampradaya In Hinduism, the Rudra Sampradaya is one of four Vaishnava sampradayas, a tradition of disciplic succession in the religion. Vaishnavism is distinguished from other schools of Hinduism by its primary worship of deities Vishnu and/or Krishna an ...

*** Pushtimarg ** Sri Vaishnavism ***

Ramanandi Sampradaya The Ramanandi (IAST ), also known as Ramavats (IAST ), are a branch of the Vaishnava Sri Sampradaya of Hinduism. Ramananda sect is the largest sect of Vaishnavas, out of 52 gates of Vaishnavism, 36 are held by Ramanandi's. They mainly emphasi ...

*** Thenkalais **** Manavala Mamunigal Sabha ***

Vadakalais Sri Vaishnavism, or the Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya, is a denomination within the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism. The name refers to goddess Lakshmi (also known as Sri), as well as a prefix that means "sacred, revered", and the god Vishnu, who ...

Swaminarayan Sampradaya The Swaminarayan Sampradaya, also known as Swaminarayan Hinduism and Swaminarayan movement, is a Hindu Vaishnava sampradaya rooted in Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita, characterized by the worship of its charismatic founder Sahajanand Swami, be ...

*** Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha *** Gunatit Samaj ***

Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi The Laxminarayan Dev Gadi ( Gujarati:- લક્ષ્મીનારાયણ દેવ ગાદી) is one of the two gadis (diocese) that together form the Swaminarayan Sampraday. It is headquartered at the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal ...

**** International Swaminarayan Satsang Mandal **** Swaminarayan Gurukul ***

Nar Narayan Dev Gadi The Naranarāyan Dēv Gadī, named after NarNarayan Dev, is one of the two ''Gadis'' (seats) that together form the Swaminarayan Sampraday. Its headquarter is at the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad and controls the Uttar Vibhag. The Acha ...

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International Swaminarayan Satsang Organisation Acharya Shree Tejendraprasadji Maharaj (who was then Acharya of the Swaminarayan Sampraday (Ahmedabad Gadi)) founded International Swaminarayan Satsang Organization (I.S.S.O.) (Devanagari: अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्वामी� ...

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Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal NarNarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal (NNDYM) (Devnagari: नरनरायन देव युवक मनदल) was founded by Koshalendraprasad Pande (then pre-acharya) in 1994 with its headquarters at the Kalupur Swaminarayan Mandir ( Ahmedabad) and ...

*** Swaminarayan Gadi (Maninagar) *** Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha **

Vaishnava-Sahajiya Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā was a form of Hindu tantric Vaishnavism focused on Radha Krishna worship that developed in the region of Greater Bengal (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Assam).Hayes, Glen A"The Vaisnava Sahajiya Traditions of Medieval Bengal" in ...

Warkari Warkari ( Marathi: वारकरी; Pronunciation: �aːɾkəɾiː Meaning: 'The one who performs the ''Wari) is a sampradaya (religious movement) within the bhakti spiritual tradition of Hinduism, geographically associated with the In ...

; Sant Mat * Dadupanth *

Kabir panth Kabir Panth (Path of Kabir) is a Sant Mat denomination and philosophy based on the teachings of Kabir. It is based on devotion to him as one guru as a means to salvation. Its adherents are from many religious backgrounds as Kabir never advocated ...

Ravidassia religion Ravidassia or the Ravidas Panth is an Indian religion based on the teachings of Ravidass, who is revered as a satguru. Historically, Ravidassia represented a range of beliefs in the Indian subcontinent, with some devotees of Ravidass counting t ...

Sadh The Sadh, also known as Satnami, is a minority Bhakti-era Hindu sect in India. It is a monotheistic Hindu sect where its followers believe in a formless and supreme god called Satnam Satpurush. According to M. A. Sherring, he may have been i ...

; Hindu philosophy schools * Āstika (Orthodox schools) **

Nyaya (Sanskrit: न्याय, ''nyā-yá''), literally meaning "justice", "rules", "method" or "judgment",Purva mimamsa The Fourteen Purva translated as ancient or prior knowledge, are a large body of Jain scriptures that was preached by all Tirthankaras (omniscient teachers) of Jainism encompassing the entire gamut of knowledge available in this universe. The pers ...

Samkhya ''Samkhya'' or ''Sankya'' (; Sanskrit सांख्य), IAST: ') is a Dualism (Indian philosophy), dualistic Āstika and nāstika, school of Indian philosophy. It views reality as composed of two independent principles, ''purusha, puruṣa' ...

Vaisheshika Vaisheshika or Vaiśeṣika ( sa, वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Indian philosophy (Vedic systems) from ancient India. In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemolog ...

Vedanta ''Vedanta'' (; sa, वेदान्त, ), also ''Uttara Mīmāṃsā'', is one of the six (''āstika'') schools of Hindu philosophy. Literally meaning "end of the Vedas", Vedanta reflects ideas that emerged from, or were aligned with, t ...

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Advaita Vedanta ''Advaita Vedanta'' (; sa, अद्वैत वेदान्त, ) is a Hinduism, Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and the oldest extant tradition of the Āstika and nāstika, orthodox Hindu school Ved ...

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Akshar-Purushottam Darshan Akshar-Purushottam Darshan (''Akṣara-Puruṣottama Darśana'') or Aksarabrahma-Parabrahma-Darsanam, "Akshar-Purushottam philosophy," is a designation used by BAPS-swamis as an alternative name for the Swaminarayan Darshana, Swaminarayan's vie ...

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Bhedabheda Bhedābheda Vedānta is a subschool of Vedānta, which teaches that the individual self (''jīvātman'') is both different and not different from the ultimate reality known as Brahman. Etymology ''Bhedābheda'' (Devanagari: ) is a Sanskrit wo ...

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Achintya Bheda Abheda Achintya-Bheda-Abheda (अचिन्त्यभेदाभेद, ' in IAST) is a school of Vedanta representing the philosophy of ''inconceivable one-ness and difference''.pp. 47-52 In Sanskrit ''achintya'' means 'inconceivable', ''bheda ...

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Dvaitadvaita The Nimbarka Sampradaya (IAST: ''Nimbārka Sampradāya'', Sanskrit निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय), also known as the Hamsa Sampradāya, and Sanakādi Sampradāya (सनकादि सम्प्रदाय), i ...

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Dvaita Vedanta Dvaita Vedanta (); (originally known as Tattvavada; IAST:Tattvavāda), is a sub-school in the Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy. The term Tattvavada literally means "arguments from a realist viewpoint". The Tattvavada (Dvaita) Vedanta sub ...

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Integral yoga Integral yoga, sometimes also called supramental yoga, is the yoga-based philosophy and practice of Sri Aurobindo and ''The Mother'' (Mirra Alfassa). Central to ''Integral yoga'' is the idea that Spirit manifests itself in a process of invol ...

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Pratyabhijna Pratyabhijñā or Pratyabhigyā ( sa, प्रत्यभिज्ञा, pratyabhijñā, re-cognition) is an idealistic, monistic, and theistic school of philosophy in Kashmir Shaivism which originated in the ninth century CE. The term ''Tri ...

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Shiva Advaita Shiva Advaita (Devanagari:शिवाद्वैत, kn, ಶಿವಾದ್ವೈತ, ), also known as or Shaivite '' qualified nondualism'' is a Shaivite school of philosophy from Southern India that was founded by Srikanta Sivacharya during ...

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Shuddhadvaita Shuddadvaita (Sanskrit: "pure non-dualism") is the "purely non-dual" philosophy propounded by Vallabhacharya (1479-1531 CE), the founding philosopher and guru of the ("tradition of Vallabh") or ("The path of grace"), a Hindu Vaishnava tradit ...

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Vishishtadvaita Vishishtadvaita (IAST '; sa, विशिष्टाद्वैत) is one of the most popular schools of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. Vedanta literally means the in depth meaning ''of the Vedas.'' ''Vishisht Advaita'' (literall ...

Yoga (philosophy) Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism,Maurice Phillips (Published as Max Muller collection), The Evolution of Hinduism, , PhD. Thesis awarded by University of Berne, Switzerland, page 8 though it is only at the en ...

* Nāstika (Heterodox schools) ** Ajivika ** Ajñana ** Charvaka ; Yoga *

Ananda Yoga Ananda Yoga, or ''Ananda Yoga for Higher Awareness'' is a system of Hatha Yoga established by Kriyananda, a Western disciple of Paramahansa Yogananda, and is based on Yogananda's Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) and Yogoda Satsanga Society of In ...

Bhakti yoga Bhakti yoga ( sa, भक्ति योग), also called Bhakti marga (, literally the path of '' Bhakti''), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards any personal deity.Karen Pechelis (2014) ...

* Hatha yoga ** Bihar School of Yoga *

Integral Yoga Integral yoga, sometimes also called supramental yoga, is the yoga-based philosophy and practice of Sri Aurobindo and ''The Mother'' (Mirra Alfassa). Central to ''Integral yoga'' is the idea that Spirit manifests itself in a process of invol ...

Jivamukti Yoga The Jivamukti Yoga method is a proprietary style of yoga created by David Life and Sharon Gannon in 1984. Jivamukti is a physical, ethical, and spiritual practice, combining a vigorous yoga as exercise, vinyasa-based physical style with adherence ...

* Jnana yoga *

Karma yoga Karma yoga ( sa, कर्म योग), also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditati ...

Kripalu Yoga The Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health is a nonprofit organization that operates a health and yoga retreat in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Its facility is a former Jesuit novitiate and juniorate seminary built in 1957. History Founder Amrit De ...

* Kriya Yoga * Kundalini yoga *

Raja yoga ''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in history of South Asia, South Asia and History of ...

Sahaja Yoga Sahaja Yoga (सहज योग) is a religion founded in 1970 by Nirmala Srivastava (1923–2011). Nirmala Srivastava is known as Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi (trans: ''Revered Immaculate Mother'') or, simply, as "Mother" by her followers, who a ...

Siddha Yoga Siddha Yoga is a spiritual path founded by Swami Muktananda (1908–1982). The organization states in its literature that the Siddha Yoga tradition is "based mainly on eastern philosophies". It also states that it "draws many of its teachings f ...

* Sivananda yoga *

Surat Shabd Yoga Surat Shabd Simran is a type of spiritual meditation in the Sant Mat tradition. Etymology ''Surat'' is "attention" or "face", that is, an outward expression of the soul; '' Shabd'' or ''Shabda'' has multiple meanings including ‘sacred song’, ...

Tantric Yoga Tantra (; sa, तन्त्र, lit=loom, weave, warp) are the esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism that developed on the Indian subcontinent from the middle of the 1st millennium CE onwards. The term ''tantra'', in the Indian t ...

= Hindu new movements

= * Ananda * Ananda Ashrama *

Ananda Marga Ānanda Mārga ("The Path of Bliss", also spelled Anand Marg and Ananda Marg) or officially Ānanda Mārga Pracāraka Saṃgha (organization for the propagation of the path of bliss), is a world-wide socio-spiritual organisation founded in J ...

* Anandamayee Sangha *

Arya Samaj Arya Samaj ( hi, आर्य समाज, lit=Noble Society, ) is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sanny ...

Brahma Kumaris The Brahma Kumaris are a spiritual movement that originated in Hyderabad, Sindh, during the 1930s.Chinmaya Mission The Chinmaya Mission is a Hindu religious and spiritual organization engaged in the dissemination of Vedanta, the science of the self as expounded in the Vedas, particularly the Upanishads, and other Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita ...

Hindutva Hindutva () is the predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India. The term was formulated as a political ideology by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923. It is used by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the ...

Mahima Dharma Mahima Dharma, also known as Mahima Panth, is a Hindu sect practiced primarily in Odisha and nearby states. The religious movement was based on the worship of God, known as Alekh Niranjan, as attributeless. as condemnation of all religious custo ...

Matua Mahasangha Matua Mahasangha ( bn, মতুয়া মহাসংঘ) is a religious reformation movement that originated, around 1860 AD, in modern-day Bangladesh, with a considerable number of adherents both in Bangladesh and in West Bengal of India. ...

* Narayana Dharm * Oneness Movement *

Ramakrishna Mission Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a Hindu religious and spiritual organisation which forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the ''Ramakrishna Movement'' or the ''Vedanta Movement''. The mission is named after and inspired by th ...

(

Vedanta Society Vedanta Societies refer to organizations, groups, or societies formed for the study, practice, and propagation of Vedanta, the ancient religion based on the Vedas. More specifically, they "comprise the American arm of the Indian Ramakrishna mov ...

) *

Satsang A satsanga (), also rendered satsang, refers to the practice of gathering in the company of good people for the performance of devotional activities. It also refers to an audience with a Satguru for yogic instruction. Satsangas are group events, ...

Sathya Sai Baba movement The Sathya Sai Baba movement is a new religious movement inspired by South Indian Neo-Hindu guru Sathya Sai Baba who taught the unity of all religions. Kasturi, Narayana, ''"Sathyam Sivam Sundaram"'' Volume I, Sri Sathya Sai Books & Publicat ...

* Satya Dharma *

Shirdi Sai Baba movement The Shirdi Sai Baba movement is the religious movement of the followers and devotees of the 19th- and early 20th-century Indian saint Sai Baba of Shirdi (or Shirdi Sai Baba). Sai Baba is a muslim fakir and a Hindu baba known for his divine p ...

* Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres * Sri Aurobindo Ashram *

Sri Ramana Ashram Sri Ramana Ashram, also known as Sri Ramanasramam, is the ashram which was home to modern sage and Advaita Vedanta master Ramana Maharshi from 1922 until his death in 1950. It is situated at the foot of the Arunachala hill, to the west of Tiruva ...

Neo-Advaita Neo-Advaita, also called the Satsang-movement and Nondualism, is a New Religious Movement, emphasizing the direct recognition of the non-existence of the "I" or "ego," without the need of preparatory practice. Its teachings are derived from, but ...

Jainism

Digambara ''Digambara'' (; "sky-clad") is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being '' Śvētāmbara'' (white-clad). The Sanskrit word ''Digambara'' means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing ...

Bispanthi ''Digambara'' (; "sky-clad") is one of the two major Jain schools and branches, schools of Jainism, the other being ''Śvētāmbara'' (white-clad). The Sanskrit word ''Digambara'' means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practi ...

Digambar Terapanth Kanji Swami (1890–1980) was a teacher of Jainism. He was deeply influenced by the ''Samayasāra'' of Kundakunda in 1932. He lectured on these teachings for 45 years to comprehensively elaborate on the philosophy described by Kundakunda and ot ...

** Kanji Panth **

Taran Panth The Taran Panth, also known as Taran Svami Panth, Taran Samaj or Taranapanthi, is a sect of Digambara Jainism founded by Taran Svami in Bundelkhand in central India in c. 1505 CE. Taran Svami Taran Svami was a Jain religious teacher and fo ...

Śvētāmbara The Śvētāmbara (; ''śvētapaṭa''; also spelled ''Shwethambara'', ''Svetambar'', ''Shvetambara'' or ''Swetambar'') is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the ''Digambara''. Śvētāmbara means "white-clad", and refers ...

Murtipujaka Mūrtipūjaka (lit. "image-worshipper"), also known as Derāvāsī ("temple-dweller") or Mandir Mārgī ("follower of the temple path"), is the largest sect of Śvetāmbara Jainism. Mūrtipūjaka Jains differ from both Śvetāmbara Sthānaka ...

** Sthānakavāsī ** Svetambar Terapanth

Sikhism

; Mainstream *

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

; Sects *

Damdami Taksal The Damdamī Ṭaksāl is an orthodox Sikh cultural and educational organization, based in India. Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 40 km north of the city of Amritsar. It has been described as a seminary or ...

Nanakpanthi Nanakpanthi (Gurmukhi: ਨਾਨਕਪੰਥੀ; ''nānakapathī'') is a follower of the teachings of Guru Nanak (1469-1539), the foundational guru of a spiritual community natively known as Nanakpanth while known world-wide as Sikhism. Nanakpan ...

Nihang The Nihang or Akali (lit. "the immortals") is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihang are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akali" (lit. Army of the Immort ...

* Nirmala *

Sanatan Sikh Sanatan Sikh (Gurmukhi: ਸਨਾਤਨ ਸਿੱਖ ''sanātana sikha''), a term and formulation coined by Harjot Oberoi, referred to Sikhs who formed a traditionalist faction during the Singh Sabha Movement in 1873. They campaigned for a Dharm ...

* Sikh Dharma International (3HO) *

Udasi Udasi (Gurmukhi: ਉਦਾਸੀ ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; ''udāsī saparadā'') is a religious sect of ascetic ''sadhus'' centred in northern India. Becoming custodians of Sikh shrines in the 18th century, they were notable interpreters and spreade ...

Middle Eastern religions

Religions that originated in the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

; namely

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion and one of the world's History of religion, oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian peoples, Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a Dualism in cosmology, du ...

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

, and

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

, and religions and traditions related to, and descended from them.

Abrahamic religions

Baháʼí Faith

Azali An Azali ( fa, ازلی) or Azali Bábí is a follower of the monotheistic religion of Subh-i-Azal and the Báb. Early followers of the Báb were known as Bábís; however, in the 1860s a split occurred after which the vast majority of Bábís ...

* Babism *

Baha'i faith Baha (also transliterated as Bahaa, ar, بهاء) may refer to: People * Baha (name) Places *Al Bahah, a city in Saudi Arabia Trademark * Cochlear Baha, a hearing aid manufactured by Cochlear Title * Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin (979–1043), Druze ...

** Orthodox Baha'i Faith **

Caravan of East and West The Caravan of East and West is a tax-exempt, educational foundation for brotherhood, established in 1929 by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab, Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler and his wife Julie and located at 132 East 65th Street in New York City, at '' Caravan House'' ...

Christianity

= Eastern Christianity

= *

Church of the East The Church of the East ( syc, ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ, ''ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā'') or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the Nestorian C ...

(called "

Nestorian Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings. The first meaning of the term is related to the original teachings of Christian theologian ...

ism") **

Ancient Church of the East The Ancient Church of the East is an Eastern Christian denomination. It branched from the Assyrian Church of the East in 1964, under the leadership of Mar Thoma Darmo (d. 1969). It is one of three Assyrian Churches that claim continuity with the ...

Assyrian Church of the East The Assyrian Church of the East,, ar, كنيسة المشرق الآشورية sometimes called Church of the East, officially the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East,; ar, كنيسة المشرق الآشورية الرسول� ...

***

Chaldean Syrian Church The Chaldean Syrian Church of India ( Classical Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ; Malayalam: / ''Kaldaya Suriyani Sabha'') is an Eastern Christian denomination, based in Thrissur, in India. It is organized as a metropolitan provi ...

Chaldean Catholic Church , native_name_lang = syc , image = Assyrian Church.png , imagewidth = 200px , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows Baghdad, Iraq , abbreviation = , type ...

Eastern Catholic Churches The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (''sui iuris'') particular churches of th ...

Albanian Greek Catholic Church The Albanian Greek Catholic Church ( la, Ecclesiae Graecae Catholico Albanica; sq, Kisha Katolike Bizantine Shqiptare), also known as the Albanian Byzantine Catholic Church, is an autonomous ('' sui iuris'' in Latin) Byzantine Rite particular ...

** Belarusian Greek Catholic Church **

Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church The Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church ( bg, Църква на съединените с Рим българи; la, Ecclesiae Graecae Catholico Bulgarica), sometimes called, in reference to its Byzantine Rite, the Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic C ...

** Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia **

Greek Byzantine Catholic Church The Greek Byzantine Catholic Church ( el, Ελληνική Βυζαντινή Καθολική Εκκλησία, ''Ellinikí Vizantiní Katholikí Ekklisía;'') or the Greek Catholic Church is a ''sui iuris'' Eastern Catholic particular church of ...

Hungarian Byzantine Catholic Church The Hungarian Greek Catholic Church ( hu, Magyar görögkatolikus egyház; la, Ecclesia Graeco-Catholica Hungariae) or Hungarian Byzantine Catholic Church is a metropolitan '' sui iuris'' ("autonomous") Eastern Catholic particular church in ...

** Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (a.k.a. the "Italo-Greek Catholic Church") ** Macedonian Catholic Church **

Melkite Greek Catholic Church el, Μελχιτική Ελληνική Καθολική Εκκλησία , image = Melkite Greek Catholic Church, Damascus, Syria.jpg , imagewidth = 200px , alt = , caption = , abbreviatio ...

Romanian Catholic Church Romanian Catholic Church may refer to: * Catholic Church in Romania, including both Latin and Eastern Catholics * Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (an Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine Rite, in full communion with the Churc ...

Russian Greek Catholic Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow,_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg , imagewidth = 200px , alt = , caption = Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception , abbreviation = , ty ...

Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church The Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church ( rue, Русиньска ґрекокатолицька церьков; la, Ecclesia Graeco-Catholica Ruthenica), also known in the United States simply as the Byzantine Catholic Church, is an Eastern Cath ...

(a.k.a. the "Byzantine Catholic Church" in the United States) ** Slovak Greek Catholic Church **

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , native_name_lang = uk , caption_background = , image = StGeorgeCathedral Lviv.JPG , imagewidth = , type = Particular church (sui iuris) , alt = , caption = St. George's C ...

Chaldean Catholic Church , native_name_lang = syc , image = Assyrian Church.png , imagewidth = 200px , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows Baghdad, Iraq , abbreviation = , type ...

Syriac Catholic Church The Syriac Catholic Church ( syc, ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ, ʿĪṯo Suryayṯo Qaṯolīqayṯo, ar, الكنيسة السريانية الكاثوليكية) is an Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Catholic Christianity ...

Maronite Church The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic ''sui iuris'' particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The current head of the Maro ...

** Syro-Malankara Catholic Church **

Syro-Malabar Catholic Church lat, Ecclesia Syrorum-Malabarensium mal, മലബാറിലെ സുറിയാനി സഭ , native_name_lang=, image = St. Thomas' Cross (Chennai, St. Thomas Mount).jpg , caption = The Mar Thoma Nasrani Sl ...

**(Independent Eastern Catholic Churches) ***

Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church The Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church (UOGCC) is an unregistered Eastern Independent Catholic religious movement that was established by Basilian priests, predominantly from Slovakia, who schismated from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic C ...

Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via ...

(officially the "Orthodox Catholic Church") **

Greek Orthodox Church The term Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, ''Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía'', ) has two meanings. The broader meaning designates "the entire body of Orthodox (Chalcedonian) Christianity, sometimes also call ...

Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches. The majori ...

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

***

Belarusian Orthodox Church The Belarusian Orthodox Church (BOC; be, Беларуская праваслаўная царква, russian: Белорусская православная церковь) is the official name of the Belarusian Exarchate ( be, Беларуск� ...

Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of ...

Bulgarian Orthodox Church The Bulgarian Orthodox Church ( bg, Българска православна църква, translit=Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva), legally the Patriarchate of Bulgaria ( bg, Българска патриаршия, links=no, translit=Balgarsk ...

Georgian Orthodox Church The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, tr), commonly ...

** Albanian Orthodox Church **Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Ukrainian Orthodox Church **(Noncanonical/Independent Eastern Orthodox Churches) ***Greek Old Calendarists (a.k.a. "Genuine Orthodox" or "True Orthodoxy, True Orthodox") ***Old Believers, Russian Old Believers (a.k.a. "Old Ritualists") ****Bezpopovtsy ****Popovtsy *Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox Churches (a.k.a. "Non-Chalcedonianism, Non-Chalcedonian" or "miaphysitism, Miaphysite"/"monophysitism, Monophysite") **Armenian Apostolic Church **Coptic Orthodox Church **Syriac Orthodox Church ***Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church (of the St. Thomas Christians in India) **Ethiopian Orthodox Church **Eritrean Orthodox Church **Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (of the St. Thomas Christians in India) *Spiritual Christianity **Doukhobor **Khlyst **Molokan **Skoptsy

= Western Christianity

= *Proto-Protestantism **Brethren of the Free Spirit (Historical) **Hussites (Historical) ***Unity of the Brethren (Czech Republic), Czech Brethren ***Moravian Church, Moravians **Strigolniki (Historical) **Waldensians *Protestantism **Anabaptism, Anabaptists (Radical Reformation, Radical Protestants) ***Amish ***Hutterites ***Mennonites ***River Brethren ***Schwarzenau Brethren ***Shakers **Anglicanism ***Anglo-Catholicism ****Anglican Papalism ***Broad church ***Continuing Anglican movement ***English Dissenters ***Evangelical Anglicanism ****Nonconformist (Protestantism), Nonconformists ***Puritans ****Fifth Monarchists ***Radical orthodoxy **Baptists ***General Baptists ****Free Will Baptists ***Landmarkism ***Missionary Baptists ***Primitive Baptists ***Strict Baptists ****Reformed Baptists **Black church ***Black theology **Christian deism **Confessing Movement **Evangelicalism ***Charismatic Movement, Charismatic movement ***Emerging church ***German Christians (movement) ***Neo-charismatic movement ***Neo-Evangelicalism ***New Apostolic Reformation ***Plymouth Brethren ****Exclusive Brethren ****Open Brethren ***Progressive Christianity ***Christian fundamentalism, Protestant fundamentalism **Jesuism **Lollardy (Historical) **Lutheranism ***Evangelical Catholic ***Laestadianism ***Neo-Lutheranism ***Pietism **Methodism ***Calvinistic Methodists ***Holiness movement ****Church of the Nazarene ***The Salvation Army ***Wesleyanism **Pentecostalism ***Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), Church of God ***Latter Rain (post–World War II movement), Latter Rain movement ***Word of Faith **Quakers ("Friends") **Calvinism, Reformed churches ***Amyraldism (a.k.a."four-point Calvinism") ***Arminianism ****Remonstrants ***Christian reconstructionism ***Congregational churches ***Continental Reformed churches ****Swiss Reformed ****Dutch Reformed Church, Dutch Reformed ****Huguenot, French Huguenot ***Neo-Calvinism ***New Calvinism ***Presbyterianism ***Zwinglianism (Historical) **Restoration Movement, Restoration movement ***Adventism ****Branch Davidians ****Seventh-day Adventist Church ***Christadelphians ***Christian Science ***Churches of Christ ***Cooneyites ***Iglesia ni Cristo ***Bible Student movement ****Jehovah's Witnesses ****Free Bible Students ****Friends of Man ***Latter Day Saint movement ****The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ****Community of Christ ****Mormon fundamentalism ***Millerism (Historical) ***Campbellite, Stone-Campbell movement (a.k.a. "Campbellites") ***Two by Twos (a.k.a. "No name church" and "Workers and Friends") **Swedenborgianism (a.k.a. "The New Church") **Unitarianism **Unity Church *Roman Catholic Church/Latin Church (a.k.a. "Roman Catholicism" or "Catholicism") **Anglican Ordinariate, Anglican Ordinariate Catholics **Catholic Charismatic Renewal, Charismatic Catholics **Civil Constitution of the Clergy **Gallicanism **Hebrew Catholics **Independent Catholic churches ***Old Catholic Church (Union of Utrecht) ****Polish National Catholic Church (Union of Scranton) **Liberal Catholicism **Liberation theology **Modernism (Roman Catholicism), Modernist Catholics **Traditionalist Catholics ***Sedevacantism ****Palmarian Catholic Church ***Sedeprivationism **Ultramontanism

= Other

= Certain Christian groups difficult to classify as "Eastern" or "Western." Many Gnostic groups were closely related to early Christianity, for example, Valentinus (Gnostic), Valentinism. Irenaeus wrote polemics against them from the standpoint of the then-unified Catholic Church. *Arianism (Historical) *Bagnolians (Historical) *Bogomilism (Historical) *Bosnian Church (Historical) *Catharism (Historical) *Cerdonians (Historical) *Christian Universalism *Christianity and neopaganism#Christopaganism, Christopaganism **Christianity and neopaganism#Christian Wicca, Christian Wicca *Eastern Lightning *Ecclesia Gnostica *Esoteric Christianity **Behmenism **Christian Kabbalah **Martinism *God Worshipping Society (Historical) *Johannite Church *Judaizers (Judeo-Christian) **Hebrew Roots **Makuya **Messianic Judaism **Sacred Name Movement **Yehowists **Ebionites (Historical) *Lisu Christianity, Lisu *Marcionism (Historical) *Nondenominational Christianity *Nontrinitarianism **Unitarianism **Bible Student movement **Christadelphians **Oneness Pentecostalism **Spiritual Christianity **Tolstoyan movement *Palamism *Paulicianism *Reformed Eastern Christianity *Sethianism (Historical) **Basilideans (Historical) **Valentinianism (Historical) ***Bardaisan#Bardaisanite school, Bardesanite School (Historical) *Simonians (Historical) *Theosophy (Boehmian), Theosophy *Unification Church (Family Federation for World Peace and Unification) **Hyung Jin Moon, World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church *Xueta Christianity, Xueta

Druze

Islam

= Khawarij

= *Azraqi (Historical) *Haruriyyah (Historical) *Ibadi *Sufri (Historical)

= Shia Islam

= *Alevism **Alians **Bektashi Order, Bektashism **Kurdish Alevism *Alawites (Nusayris) *Isma'ilism **Mustaali ***Dawoodi Bohra ****Alavi Bohra ****Atba-i-Malak *****Atba-i-Malak Badar *****Atba-i-Malak Vakil ****Hebtiahs Bohra ****Progressive Dawoodi Bohra ***Sulaymani **Nizari ***Satpanth *Twelver **Ja'fari jurisprudence ***Akhbari ***Shaykhism ***Usuli *Zaidiyyah **Jarudiyah **Batriyya *Khurramites (Historical)

= Sufism

= *Bektashi Order *Chishti Order *Kubrawiya **Ma Laichi#The Khufiyya, Khufiyya *Mevlevi Order *Mouride *Naqshbandi **Jahriyya *Ni'matullāhī *Qadiriyya *Roshani movement, Roshani *Shadhili *Suhrawardiyya *Sufi Order International *Tijaniyyah *Universal Sufism **Dances of Universal Peace

= Sunni Islam

= *Kalam/Fiqh **Ash'ari ***Maliki ***Shafi'i ***Hanbali **Maturidi ***Hanafi ****Barelvi ****Deobandi *Athari **Salafi ***Madkhalism ***Wahhabism ***Ahle Hadith ***Islamism **Islamic Modernism *Muʿtazila

= Other

= *Ahmadiyya **Ahmadiyya, Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam *Al-Fatiha Foundation *Ali-Illahism *Din-i Ilahi *European Islam *Gafatar *Ittifaq al-Muslimin *Jadid *Jamaat al Muslimeen *Liberal movements within Islam **Muslim Canadian Congress ***Canadian Muslim Union **Progressive British Muslims **Progressive Muslim Union *Mahdavia *Mahdist State *Milah Abraham *Quranism **Tolu-e-Islam (organization), Tolu-e-Islam **United Submitters International *Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi **Messiah Foundation International *The Fellowship (Christian organization), The Fellowship (The Family) *Xidaotang

Judaism

= Kabbalah

= Non-Rabbinic Judaism

= * Haymanot * Karaite Judaism * Samaritanism

= Rabbinic Judaism

= * Conservative Judaism ( Masorti Judaism) * Humanistic Judaism * Jewish Renewal * Orthodox Judaism ** Haredi Judaism (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) *** Dor Daim *** Hardal *** Hasidic Judaism *** Misnagdim *** Sephardic Haredi ** Modern Orthodox Judaism *** Religious Zionism * Reconstructionist Judaism * Reform Judaism

= Others

= * Noahidism * Subbotniks

= Historical Judaism

= * Essenes ** Bana'im ** Hemerobaptists (possible ancestor of Mandaeism) (Historical) ** Maghāriya ** Nazarene (sect)#Nasoraean Mandaeans, Nasoraeans (possible ancestor of Mandaeism) (Historical) * Hypsistarians, Hypsistarianism (Historical) * Pharisees (ancestor of Rabbinic Judaism) (Historical) * Sadducees (possible ancestor of Karaite Judaism) (Historical) * Zealots (Judea) ** Sicarii * Jewish Christian, Messianic sects ** Ebionites ** Elcesaites ** Nazarene (sect), Nazarenes * Sabbateans * Second Temple Judaism * Frankism

Mandaeism

Iranian religions

Manichaeism

* Athinganoi (Historical) * Chinese Manichaeism * Denawars (Historical) * Miqlāsiyya (Historical) * Manichaean schisms, Mihriyya (Historical)

Yazdânism

*Shabakism *Yarsanism *Yazidi

Zoroastrianism

*Behafaridians (Historical) *Mazdakism (Historical) **Mazdaznan *Zurvanism (Historical)

Indigenous (ethnic, folk) religions

Religions that consist of the traditional customs and beliefs of particular ethnic groups, refined and expanded upon for thousands of years, often lacking formal doctrine. Some adherents do not consider their ways to be "religion," preferring other cultural terms.

African

Traditional African

* Abwoi religion * Kamba people, Akamba religion * Akan religion * Badimo * Baluba mythology, Baluba religion * Bantu mythology, Bantu religion ** Kongo religion ** Zulu traditional religion * Traditional Berber religion, Berber religion * Bushongo mythology, Bushongo religion * Bwiti * Dahomean religion * Dinka religion * Dogon people#Culture and religion, Dogon religion * Edo people#Traditional Beliefs, Edo religion * Efik mythology, Efik religion * Dahomean religion, Fon and Ewe religion * Hadza people#Religion, myths, and tales, Hadza religion * Hausa animism, Hausa religion * Ik people, Ik religion * Kalenjin mythology, Kalenjin religion * Khoekhoe#Religion, Khoekhoen religion * Lotuko mythology, Lotuko religion * Lozi mythology, Lozi religion * Lugbara mythology, Lugbara religion * Maasai mythology, Maasai religion * Mbuti mythology, Mbuti religion * Odinani, Odinala / Odinani * Ruhanga, Rutara religion * San religion * Serer religion * Tumbuka mythology, Tumbuka religion * Urhobo people#Religion, Urhobo religion * Waaqeffanna * Yoruba religion ** Ifá

Diasporic African

* Abakuá * Candomblé ** Candomblé Bantu ** Candomblé Jejé ** Candomblé Ketu * Comfa * Convince * Cuban Vodú * Dominican Vudú * Espiritismo * Haitian Vodou * Hoodoo (folk magic), Hoodoo * Kélé * Kumina * Louisiana Voodoo * Montamentu * Myal * Obeah * Palo (religion), Palo * Quimbanda * Santería * Tambor de Mina * Trinidad Orisha * Umbanda * Winti

Altaic

* Evenks#Religion, Evenki shamanism *

* Turkic mythology, Turko-Mongolian mythology, Mongolic religion **

*** Tengrism ** Aiyy Faith, Aiyy ** Burkhanism ** Tengir Ordo ** Vattisen Yaly

American

* Abenaki mythology, Abenaki religion * Anishinaabe traditional beliefs * Blackfoot mythology, Blackfoot religion * Kuksu (religion), Californian religions ** Kuksu (religion), Kuksu ** Miwok mythology, Miwok religion ** Ohlone mythology, Ohlone religion ** Pomo religion * Cherokee mythology, Cherokee folk religion * Chilote mythology, Chilote religion * Choctaw mythology, Choctaw religion * Creek mythology, Creek religion * Crow religion * Fuegians#Spiritual culture, Fuegian religion ** Selk'nam mythology, Selk'nam religion * Guarani mythology, Guarani religion * Haida mythology, Haida religion * Ho-Chunk mythology, Ho-Chunk religion * Hopi mythology, Hopi religion * Religion in the Inca Empire, Incan religion * Inuit religion * Iroquois mythology, Iroquois religion ** Seneca mythology, Seneca religion ** Wyandot religion * Jivaroan peoples#Religion, Jivaroan religion * Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology, Kwakwakaʼwakw religion * Lakota mythology, Lakota religion * Lenape mythology, Lenape religion * Mapuche religion * Mesoamerican religion ** Aztec religion ** Maya religion ** Olmec religion ** Purépecha religion ** Talamancan mythology, Talamancan religion ** Zapotec civilization#Religion, Zapotec religion * Midewiwin *Muisca religion * Navajo#Spiritual and religious beliefs, Navajo religion * Nuu-chah-nulth mythology, Nuu-chah-nulth religion * Pawnee mythology, Pawnee religion * Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (religion of the Mississippian culture) * Tsimshian mythology, Tsimshian religion * Ute mythology, Ute religion * Zuni mythology, Zuni religion

Austroasiatic

* Khasi people#Religion, Ka Niam Khasi * Muong ethnic religion * Nicobarese people#Religion, Nicobarese folk religion * Santal people#Religion, Santal religion * Sarnaism *

Austronesian

* Aliran Kepercayaan/Mythology of Indonesia ** Balinese Hinduism ** Parmalim, Batak Parmalim ** Dayak people#Religion and festivals, Dayak religion *** Kaharingan ** Kejawèn, Javanese Kejawèn ** Kapitayan ** Pemena, Karo Pemena ** Marapu, Sumbese Marapu ** Sunda Wiwitan, Sundanese Wiwitan ** Saminism Movement *Malagasy mythology, Fomba Gasy *Kawas (mythology), Kawas * Malaysian folk religion ** Datuk Keramat ** Momolianism * Micronesian mythology, Micronesian religion * Indigenous religious beliefs of the Philippines, Dayawism ** Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people, Tagalog folk religion ** Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagbanwa people, Tagbanwa folk religion * Polynesian narrative ** Hawaiian religion ** Māori religion * Samoan mythology, Samoan narrative * Tahiti and Society Islands mythology, Tahitian narrative * Tao people#Ritual and religion, Tao Native religion

Dravidian

* Dravidian folk religion * Gondi people#Religion, Koyapunem * Tamil mythology, Tamil religion

Indo-European

* Assianism (Ossetian religion) * Kalash people#Religion, Kalashism

Tai and Miao

* Ahom religion * Mo (religion), Mo religion * Tai folk religion, Satsana Phi ** Tai folk religion#Lamet religion, Lamet religion *

Sino-Tibetan

* Bathouism *

* Mun (religion), Bongthingism * Burmese folk religion *

* Donyi-Polo * Kirat Mundhum, Kiratism *

* Sanamahism

Uralic

* Komi mythology, Komi shamanism * Mari Native Religion

Other Indigenous

* Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology, Australian Aboriginal religion * Circassian paganism, Circassian (Khabzeism) * Korean shamanism, Muism * Melanesian mythology, Melanesian religion ** Papuan mythology, Papuan religion *

* Shamanism in Siberia, Siberian shamanism * Vedda#Religion, Vedda religion

New religious movements

Religions that cannot be classed as either world religions or traditional folk religions, and are usually recent in their inception.

Cargo cults

*John Frum *Johnson cult *Prince Philip Movement *Vailala Madness

New ethnic religions

Black

*African Zionism *Ausar Auset Society *''Black Muslims (disambiguation), Black Muslims'' **American Society of Muslims *Dini Ya Msambwa *Five-Percent Nation *Godianism *Igbe religion *Moorish Science Temple of America **Moorish Orthodox Church of America *Mumboism *Nation of Islam **United Nation of Islam *Nuwaubian Nation

= Black Hebrew Israelites

= *African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem *Church of God and Saints of Christ *Commandment Keepers *Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ *Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge *Nation of Yahweh *One West Camp

= Rastafari

= * Bobo Ashanti * Nyabinghi * Twelve Tribes of Israel (Rastafari), Twelve Tribes of Israel

White

*Ariosophy *British Israelism *Christian Identity *Creativity (religion), Creativity *French Israelism *Nordic Israelism *Wotansvolk

Native American

*Ghost Dance *Indian Shaker Church *Longhouse Religion *Mexicayotl *Native American Church *Native American religions#Waashat Religion, Wasshat religion

Hindu-derived new religions

*Adidam *Brahmoism (Brahmo Samaj) **Adi Dharm **Sadharan Brahmo Samaj *Meivazhi *Rajneesh movement *Transcendental Meditation

Sikh-derived new religions

* Contemporary Sant Mat movements ** Advait Mat ** Radha Soami *** Radha Soami Satsang Beas *** Radha Soami Satsang Sabha, Radha Soami Satsang Dayagbal *** Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod *** Kirpal Singh#Ruhani Satsang, Ruhani Satsang *** Manavta Mandir *** Science of Spirituality (a.k.a. Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission) ** Radha Soami-influenced *** Ancient Teachings of the Masters *** Dera Sacha Sauda *** Eckankar *** Elan Vital (organization), Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission) *** Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness ** Ravidassia

Christian-derived new religions

*Antoinism *Modekngei *Rātana *Ringatū, Ringatu *Pai Mārire, Pai Marire

Japanese new religions

*Aum Shinrikyo *Church of World Messianity *Happy Science *Konkokyo *Oomoto *PL Kyodan *Seicho-no-Ie *Shinmeiaishinkai *Tenrikyo *Zenrinkyo

Modern paganism

Ethnic neopaganism

*Armenian neopaganism *Baltic neopaganism **Dievturība **Romuva (religion), Romuva *Caucasian neopaganism **Abkhaz neopaganism ***Council of Priests of Abkhazia **Vainakh religion *Celtic neopaganism **Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism *Heathenry (new religious movement), Heathenry (a.k.a. Germanic neopaganism) *Hellenism (religion), Hellenism *Italo-Roman neopaganism **Nova Roma **Roman Traditional Movement *Kemetism **Kemetic Orthodoxy *Semitic neopaganism *Slavic Native Faith (a.k.a. Slavic neopaganism) **Native Polish Church **Peterburgian Vedism **Rodzima Wiara **Rodnover Confederation **RUNVira (a.k.a. Sylenkoism) **Union of Slavic Native Belief Communities **Ynglism *Uralic neopaganism **Estonian neopaganism **Finnish neopaganism, Suomenusko **Hungarian neopaganism **Mordvin Native Religion, Mastorava **Udmurt Vos *Zalmoxianism *Zuism

Syncretic neopaganism

*Adonism *Christianity and neopaganism#Christopaganism, Christopaganism **Christianity and neopaganism#Christian Wicca, Christian Wicca *Church of All Worlds *Church of Aphrodite *Cochrane's Craft *Druidry (modern), Druidry **Ár nDraíocht Féin **Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids **Reformed Druids of North America *Feraferia *Goddess movement *Huna (New Age), Huna *Ivanovism *Neoshamanism *Pow-wow (folk magic), Pow-wow *Radical Faeries *Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism *Stregheria *Summum *Technopaganism *Wicca **British Traditional Wicca ***Gardnerian Wicca ***Alexandrian Wicca ***Central Valley Wicca ***Algard Wicca ***Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca ***Blue Star Wicca **Seax-Wica **Universal Eclectic Wicca **Celtic Wicca **Dianic Wicca **Faery Wicca **Feri Tradition **Georgian Wicca **Odyssean Wicca **Wiccan church ***Covenant of the Goddess

Entheogenic religions

*Church of the Universe *Neo-American Church *Santo Daime *Temple of the True Inner Light *Carlos Castaneda#Tensegrity, Tensegrity *THC Ministry *União do Vegetal

New Age Movement

* ''A Course in Miracles'' * Association for Research and Enlightenment * Chaos magic, Chaos Magic * ''Conversations with God'' * Eckankar * Love Has Won * Rainbow Family * The Family (Australian New Age group), The Family

New Thought

* Christian Science * Church of Divine Science * Church of the Truth * Church Universal and Triumphant * Home of Truth * Jewish Science * Psychiana * Religious Science * Seicho-no-Ie * The Infinite Way * Unity Church * Universal Foundation for Better Living

Parody religions and fiction-based religions

* Church of Euthanasia * Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster (a.k.a. "Pastafarianism") * Church of the SubGenius * Dinkoism * Discordianism * Dudeism * Iglesia Maradoniana * Jediism * Kibology * Kopimism * Landover Baptist Church * Omphalos hypothesis#Last Thursdayism, Last Thursdayism * 'Pataphysics * Aerican Empire, Silinism * Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence * United Church of Bacon

Post-theistic and naturalistic religions

*Abrahamites *Cult of the Supreme Being (Historical) *Deism **Christian Deism *Ethical movement *Freethought **North Texas Church of Freethought *God-Building *Renaissance Humanism, Humanism *Ietsism *Moorish Orthodox Church of America *Pandeism *Pantheism **Naturalistic pantheism *Religion of Humanity **Church of Humanity *Theophilanthropy *Saint-Simonianism *Syntheism *Unitarian Universalism *Universal Life Church

UFO religions

*Aetherius Society *Ashtar Galactic Command *Chen Tao ("True Way") *Fiat Lux (UFO religion), Fiat Lux *Ground Crew Project *Heaven's Gate (religious group), Heaven's Gate *Industrial Church of the New World Comforter *Mark-Age *Nuwaubian Nation *Order of the Solar Temple *Raëlism *Scientology **Free Zone (Scientology), Independent Scientology *The Seekers (rapturists), The Seekers *Unarius Academy of Science *Universe people *''The Urantia Book, Urantia movement''

Western esotericism

*Anthroposophy *Archeosophical Society *Builders of the Adytum *Fraternity of the Inner Light *Hermeticism **Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn ***The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Inc. *Illuminates of Thanateros *Luciferianism **Fraternitas Saturni **Neo-Luciferian Church *New Acropolis *Occultism **Gaianism **Mayanism **The Michael Teachings, Michael Teachings *Ordo Aurum Solis *Rosicrucian **Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis **Lectorium Rosicrucianum **Rosicrucian Fellowship *Satanism **Satanism#Rationality, Non-theistic Satanism ***LaVeyan Satanism ****Church of Satan ****First Satanic Church ***The Satanic Temple **Theistic Satanism ***Joy of Satan Ministries, Joy of Satan ***Order of Nine Angles ***Our Lady of Endor Coven (Historical) ***Temple of the Black Light ***Temple of Set *Thelema **A∴A∴ **Ordo Templi Orientis **Typhonian Order *Theosophy **Neo-Theosophy *Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth

Other new

*Bell Church, Bell religion *Nigerian Chrislam, Chrislam *Oahspe, Faithism *Falun Gong *Fourth Way *Heraka *Ishikism *Nontheism *Omnism *Open-source religion *Otherkin *Pilgrims of Arès, Pilgrims of Ares *Santa Muerte *Singularitarianism *Spiritualism (Spiritism) *Subud *Tai Ji Men Qigong Academy, Tai Ji Men *The Circle of Reason *The Family International

Historical religions

* Prehistoric religion ** Paleolithic religion

Bronze Age

* Ancient Egyptian religion ** Atenism * Ancient Mesopotamian religion ** Babylonian religion, Babylonian Religion ** Sumerian religion *Ancient Semitic religion ** Ancient Canaanite religion ** Yahweh, Yahwism *Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization, Harappan religion *Hittite mythology and religion, Hittite religion *Hurrian religion *Luwian religion *Minoan religion *Mycenaean religion *Proto-Indo-European mythology, Proto-Indo-European religion ** Paleo-Balkan mythology, Paleo-Balkan religion ** Proto-Indo-Iranian religion *Proto-Uralic religion

Classical antiquity

* Kingdom_of_Aksum#Religion, Aksumite religion * Albanian mythology, Albanian folk beliefs * Ancient Celtic religion ** Breton mythology, Breton paganism ** Cornish mythology, Cornish paganism ** Irish mythology, Irish paganism ** Isle of Man#Myth, legend, and folklore, Manx paganism ** Scottish mythology, Scottish paganism ** Welsh mythology, Welsh paganism * Ancient Greek religion ** Greco-Buddhism ** Greco-Roman mysteries *** Samothrace temple complex#Cult of the Great Gods, Cult of the Great Gods *** Dionysian Mysteries, Dionysian mysteries **** Orphism (religion), Orphism *** Eleusinian Mysteries, Eleusinian mysteries *** Mysteries of Isis ** Hellenistic religion ** Hermeticism ** Neoplatonism ** Pythagoreanism *** Neopythagoreanism ** Stoicism * Ancient Iranian religion * Armenian mythology, Armenian paganism * Castro culture#Religion, Castro cutlure religion * Basque mythology, Basque paganism * Cantabrian mythology, Cantabrian religion * Dacians#Religion, Dacian religion * Elam#Religion, Elamite religion * Etruscan religion * Gallaeci#Gallaecian deities, Gallaecian religion * Georgian mythology, Georgian paganism * Germanic paganism ** Anglo-Saxon paganism ** Continental Germanic mythology, Continental Germanic paganism ** Frankish mythology, Frankish paganism ** Old Norse religion * Gothic paganism * Armazi (god), Iberian religion * Illyrian religion * Nuristanis#Pre-Islamic religion, Kafirism * Ligures#Religion, Ligurian religion * Lusitanian mythology, Lusitanian religion * Lydians#religion, Lydian religion * Nauruan indigenous religion * Nuragic civilization#Religion, Nuragic religion * Punic religion * Religion in ancient Rome ** Gallo-Roman religion ** Imperial cult of ancient Rome, Imperial cult ** Greco-Roman mysteries *** Mithraism * Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia * Scythian religion * Thracian religion * Urartu#Religion, Urartu religion * Historical Vedic religion, Vedicism

Medieval Period

* Ainu people#Religion, Ainu religion * Balinese mythology, Balinese religion * Baltic mythology, Baltic paganism **Prussian mythology, Prussian paganism **Latvian mythology, Latvian paganism **Lithuanian mythology, Lithuanian paganism * Batak#Traditional Batak religion, Batak religion * Cook Islands mythology, Cook Islands narrative * Estonian mythology, Estonian shamanism * Religion in Fiji, Fijian religion * Finnish paganism, Finnish shamanism * Guanches#System of beliefs, Guanche religion * Hungarian mythology, Hungarian shamanism * Jamaican Maroon religion * Mangarevan narrative * Rapa Nui mythology, Rapa Nui narrative * Sámi shamanism * Slavic paganism * Tongan religion, Tongan narrative * Tuvaluan mythology, Tuvaluan narrative * Vainakh religion

Other categorisations

By demographics

* List of religious populations

By area

*Religion in Africa * Religion in Asia * Religion in Oceania * Religion in Europe * Religion in North America * Religion in South America * Religion by country ** List of state-established religions ** Buddhism by country *** Buddhism in the United States ** Christianity by country *** Roman Catholicism by country *** Eastern Orthodoxy by country *** Protestantism by country *** Oriental Orthodoxy by country ** Hinduism by country ** Islam by country *** Ahmadiyya by country ** Judaism by country, Jewish population by country ** Sikhism by country

References

Sources

* * * * *

External links

Patheos World Religions library

Statistics on religious belief or adherence

BBC.co.uk section on major world religions
{{DEFAULTSORT:Religions and spiritual traditions Religion-related lists Religious faiths, traditions, and movements, Spirituality, Dynamic lists