This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and type.

Minerals

There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as

gemstone A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semiprecious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, ...

s. These include:

A–B

* Actinolite ** Nephrite () *

Adamite Adamite is a zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn2 As O4O H. It is a mineral that typically occurs in the oxidized or weathered zone above zinc ore occurrences. Pure adamite is colorless, but usually it possess yellow color due to Fe compounds a ...

* Aegirine * Afghanite *

Agrellite Agrellite ( Na Ca2 Si4 O10 F) is a rare triclinic inosilicate mineral with four-periodic single chains of silica tetrahedra. It is a white to grey translucent mineral, with a pearly luster and white streak. It has a mohs hardness of 5.5 and a spe ...

*Algodonite *Alunite *Amblygonite *Analcime *Anatase *Andalusite **Chiastolite *Andesine *Anglesite *Anhydrite *Annabergite *Anorthite *Antigorite **Bowenite *Apatite *Apophyllite *Aragonite *Arfvedsonite *Asbestos *Astrophyllite *Atacamite *Augelite *Austinite *Axinite, Axinite group: **Ferroaxinite **Magnesioaxinite **Manganaxinite **Tinzenite *Azurmalachite *Azurite *Baryte *Bastnaesite *Bayldonite *Benitoite *Beryl, Beryl subgroup: **Aquamarine (gem), Aquamarine ***Maxixe (gemstone), Maxixe **Emerald **Goshenite (gem), Goshenite **Golden beryl **Heliodor **Morganite (gem), Morganite **Red beryl (Bixbite) *Beryllonite *Beudantite *Bismutotantalite *Biotite *Boleite *Boracite *Bornite *Brazilianite *Breithauptite *Brookite *Brucite *Bustamite *Bytownite

C–F

*Calcite **Manganoan calcite () *Caledonite *Canasite *Cancrinite **Vishnevite *Carletonite *Carnallite *Cassiterite *Catapleiite *Cavansite *Celestine (mineral), Celestite *Ceruleite *Cerussite *Chabazite *Chalcopyrite *Chambersite *Charlesite *Charoite *Childrenite *Chiolite *Chondrodite *Chrysoberyl **Alexandrite () **Cymophane *Chromite *Chrysocolla *Chrysotile *Cinnabar *Clinochlore *Clinohumite *Clinozoisite *Clintonite *Cobaltite *Colemanite *Cordierite **Iolite () *Cornwallite *Corundum **Ruby () **Sapphire () ***Padparadscha **Golden sheen sapphire *Covellite *Creedite *Crocoite *Cryolite *Cuprite *Danburite *Datolite *Descloizite *Diamond **Bort ***Ballas *Diaspore *Dickinsonite *Diopside *Dioptase *Dolomite (mineral), Dolomite *Dumortierite *Ekanite *Elbaite *Emerald **Trapiche emerald () *Enstatite **Bronzite **Hypersthene *Eosphorite *Epidote **Piemontite *Erythrite *Esperite *Ettringite *Euclase *Eudialyte *Euxenite *Fayalite *Feldspar, Feldspar subgroup: **Andesine **Albite **Anorthite **Anorthoclase **Amazonite **Bytownite **Celsian **Microcline **Moonstone (gemstone), Moonstone ***Adularia () ***Moonstone (gemstone), Rainbow () **Orthoclase ***Unakite **Plagioclase ***Albite ***Labradorite ***Oligoclase **Sanidine **Sunstone ***Oregon sunstone ***Rainbow lattice sunstone *Fergusonite *Ferroaxinite *Fluorapatite *Fluorapophyllite *Fluorite *Forsterite *Friedelite

G–L

*Gadolinite *Gahnite *Gahnospinel *Garnet, Garnet group: **Garnet#Pyralspite garnets – aluminium in Y site, Pyralspite ***Almandine ***Pyrope ***Spessartine **Garnet#Ugrandite group – calcium in X site, Ugrandite ***Andradite ****Demantoid ****Melanite ****Topazolite ***Grossular ****Hessonite ****Hydrogrossular ****Tsavorite ***Uvarovite **Almandine-pyrope ***Rhodolite **Andradite-grossular ***Grandite (Mali garnet) **Pyrope-almandine-spessartine ***Malaia garnet **Pyrope-spessartine ***Umbalite *Gaspeite *Gaylussite *Gibbsite *Glaucophane *Goethite *Goosecreekite *Grandidierite *Gypsum *Gyrolite *Halite *Hambergite *Hanksite *Hardystonite *Hauyne *Helenite *Hematite *Hemimorphite *Herderite *Hexagonite *Hibonite *Hiddenite *Hodgkinsonite *Holtite *Howlite *Huebnerite *Humite *Hureaulite *Hurlbutite *Hyperitdiabas *Ilmenite *Inderite *Jade **Jadeite ***Jadeite, Chloromelanite ** Nephrite *Jasper *Jeremejevite *Kainite *Kämmererite *Kaolinite *Kornerupine *Kutnohorite *Kurnakovite *Kyanite *Langbeinite *Lawsonite *Lazulite *Lazurite *Legrandite *Lepidolite *Leucite *Leucophanite *Linarite *Lizardite *Londonite *Ludlamite *Ludwigite

M–Q

*Magnesite *Malachite *Marialite-meionite **Wernerite () *Marcasite *Meliphanite *Mellite *Mesolite *Microcline *Microlite *Milarite *Millerite *Mimetite *Monazite *Mordenite *Mottramite *Muscovite **Fuchsite () *Musgravite *Nambulite *Narsarsukite *Natrolite *Nepheline *Neptunite *Nickeline (Niccolite) *Nosean *Nuummite *Olivine *Opal **Fire opal **Moss opal *Painite *Palygorskite *Papagoite *Pargasite *Parisite *Pectolite **Larimar *Pentlandite *Peridot *Periclase *Perthite *Petalite (castorite) *Pezzottaite *Phenakite *Phlogopite *Phosgenite *Phosphophyllite *Phosphosiderite *Piemontite *Pietersite *Plumbogummite *Pollucite *Polyhalite *Poudretteite *Powellite *Prehnite *Prismatine *Prosopite *Proustite *Psilomelane *Pumpellyite **Chlorastrolite () *Purpurite *Pyrite *Pyrargyrite *Pyromorphite *Pyrophyllite *Pyroxmangite *Pyrrhotite *Quartz **Amethyst () **Ametrine () **Aventurine () **Chalcedony () ***Agate ****Chalcedony#Agate, Iris agate ****Onyx ****Sardonyx ***Heliotrope (mineral), Bloodstone (Heliotrope) ***Carnelian ***Chalcedony, Chrome chalcedony ***Chrysoprase ***Dendrite (crystal), Dendritic agate ****Moss agate ***Fire agate (iridescent ) ***Jasper ***Petrified wood ***Sard **Citrine quartz, Citrine () **Druzy () **Flint () **Herkimer quartz () **Milky quartz () **Prasiolite () **Radiolarite () **Quartz#Rose quartz, Rose quartz () **Rock crystal () **Shocked quartz () **Smoky quartz () *Quartzite

R–Z

*Realgar *Rhodizite *Rhodochrosite *Rhodonite *Richterite *Riebeckite **Crocidolite () *Rosasite *Rutile *Samarskite *Sanidine *Sapphirine *Sarcolite *Scapolite **Marialite **Meionite *Scheelite *Schizolite *Scorodite *Selenite (mineral), Selenite *Sellaite *Senarmontite *Sepiolite (Meerschaum) *Sérandite *Seraphinite *Serendibite *Serpentine subgroup **Antigorite **Bowenite **Chrysotile **Lizardite **Stichtite *Shattuckite *Shigaite *Shortite *Shungite *Siderite *Sillimanite *Simpsonite *Sinhalite *Smaltite *Smithsonite *Sodalite **Hackmanite () *Sogdianite *Sperrylite *Spessartite *Sphalerite *Spinel **Ceylonite () *Spodumene **Hiddenite () **Kunzite () **Spodumene#Triphane, Triphane () *Spurrite *Staurolite *Stibiotantalite *Stichtite *Stolzite *Strontianite *Strontium titanate *Sulfur *Sugilite **Bustamite () **Richterite () *Sylvite *Taaffeite *Talc *Tantalite *Tektites **Moldavite *Tephroite *Thomsonite *Thaumasite *Tinaksite *Titanite (sphene) *Topaz *Tourmaline, Tourmaline subgroup: **Tourmaline#Species and varieties, Achroite () **Tourmaline#Africa, Chrome () **Dravite **Elbaite **Fluor-liddicoatite **Indicolite **Olenite **Tourmaline#Brazil, Paraiba () **Rossmanite **Rubellite () *Tremolite **Hexagonite () *Triphylite *Triplite *Tugtupite *Turquoise *Ulexite *Ussingite *Vanadinite *Variscite *Väyrynenite *Vesuvianite (idocrase) **Californite () *Villiaumite *Vivianite *Vlasovite *Wardite *Wavellite *Weloganite *Whewellite *Wilkeite *Willemite *Witherite *Wollastonite *Wulfenite *Wurtzite *Xonotlite *Yugawaralite *Zektzerite *Zeolites **Analcime **Apophyllite **Chabazite **Goosecreekite **Natrolite **Scolecite **Stellerite **Stilbite **Thomsonite *Zincite *Zinnwaldite *Zircon **Jacinth () *Zoisite **Tanzanite () **Thulite () *Zultanite *Zunyite

Artificial and lab created

There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include: *Lab alexandrite *Lab corundum *Cubic zirconia *Lab diamond *Lab emerald *Fordite *Gadolinium gallium garnet *Lab moissanite *Synthetic opal *Metal-coated crystals hyped as ''rainbow quartz'' *Lab spinel *Synthetic turquoise *Terbium gallium garnet *Trinitite *Yttrium aluminium garnet#Gemstone YAG, Yttrium aluminium garnet *Yttrium iron garnet#Gemstone YIG, Yttrium iron garnet

Organic

There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including: *Amber *Ammolite **Ammonoidea *Bone *Copal *Coral (precious), Coral *Ivory *Jet (lignite), Jet *Nacre (Mother of pearl) *Operculum (gastropod), Operculum *Pearl *Seashell

Rocks

Some Rock (geology), rocks are used as gems, including: *Anthracite *Anyolite *Bauxite *Concretions *Heliotrope (mineral), Bloodstone (Heliotrope) *Eilat stone *Epidosite *Glimmerite *Goldstone (glass), Goldstone (glittering glass) *Hawk's eye *Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash) *Iddingsite *Kimberlite *Lamproite *Lapis lazuli *Libyan desert glass *Llanite *Maw sit sit *Moldavite *Obsidian *Apache tears *Pallasite *Peridotite (also known as olivinite) *Siilinjärvi carbonatite *Soapstone (also known as steatite) *Tactite *Tiger's eye *Unakite

Chatoyant gems

Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:Walter Schumann (gemologist), Walter Schumann, ''Gemstones of the World'', 5th edition, 2013 * Actinolite * Andalusite * Apatite * Beryl **Aquamarine (gemstone), Aquamarine **Emerald **Heliodor **Morganite * Beryllium * Beryllonite * Calcite * Cerussite * Chrysoberyl * Danburite * Diaspore * Diopside * Enstatite * Garnet * Grandidierite * Hawk's eye * Hypersthene * Iolite * Kornerupine * Kunzite * Kyanite * Moonstone (gemstone), Moonstone * Opal * Peridot * Peristerite (Albite variety) * Pezzottaite * Phenakite * Prasiolite * Prehnite * Quartz * Rhodonite * Rutile * Scapolite * Selenite (mineral), Selenite * Serpentine subgroup, Serpentine **Antigorite **Bowenite * Sillimanite * Smoky Quartz * Spinel * Sunstone * Tanzanite * Tiger's Eye * Topaz * Tourmaline * Ulexite * Zircon

Asterism

* Corundum ** Ruby ** Sapphire

References

*Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schuman (gemologist), Walter Schumann *Smithsonian Handbook: ''Gemstones'' by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 {{Gemstones Gemstone-related lists, Species Gemstones,