Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the
Styr River
The Styr (; ; ) is a right tributary of the Pripyat, with a length of 494 km. Its basin area is 13,100 km2 located in historical region of Volhynia.
The Styr begins near Brody, in the Ukrainian Oblast of Lviv, then flows into Rivne Ob ...
in northwestern
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. It is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of the
Volyn Oblast
Volyn Oblast ( uk, Воли́нська о́бласть, translit=Volýnsʹka óblastʹ; also referred to as Volyn or Lodomeria) is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
) and the administrative center of the surrounding
Lutsk Raion
Lutsk Raion ( uk, Луцький район) is a raion in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Lutsk. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Vol ...
(
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
) within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of
It is a historical, political, cultural and religious center of Volyn.
Etymology
Lutsk is an ancient
Slavic town, mentioned in the
Hypatian Chronicle The Hypatian Codex (also known as Hypatian Letopis or Ipatiev Letopis; be, Іпацьеўскі летапіс; russian: Ипатьевская летопись; uk, Іпатіївський літопис) is a ''svod'' (compendium) of three ''l ...
as Luchesk in the records of
1085
Year 1085 ( MLXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* May 25 – King Alfonso VI (the Brave) recaptures Toledo from the Moors, and occu ...
. The etymology of the name is unclear. There are three hypotheses: the name may have been derived from the Old Slavic word ''luka'' (an arc or bend in a river), or the name may have originated from ''Luka'' (the chieftain of the ''
Dulebs
The Dulebes, Dulebs, Dudlebi or Dulibyh ( uk, Дуліби) were one of the tribe, tribal unions of Early Slavs between the 6th and the 10th centuries. According to medieval sources they lived in Western Volhynia, as well as southern parts of the ...
''), an ancient Slavic tribe living in this area. The name may also have been created after ''Luchanii'' (Luchans), an ancient branch of the tribe mentioned above. Its historical name in
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
is "Луцьк".
History
According to the legend, Luchesk dates from the
7th century. The first known documentary reference dates were from the year 1085. The town served as the capital of the Principality of
Halych-Volynia (founded in 1199) until the rise of
Volodymyr Volodymyr ( uk, Володи́мир, Volodýmyr, , orv, Володимѣръ) is a Ukrainian given name of Old East Slavic origin. The related Ancient Slavic, such as Czech, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, etc. form of the name is Володимѣръ ...
. The town grew around a wooden stronghold built by a local branch of the
Rurik Dynasty
The Rurik dynasty ( be, Ру́рыкавічы, Rúrykavichy; russian: Рю́риковичи, Ryúrikovichi, ; uk, Рю́риковичі, Riúrykovychi, ; literally "sons/scions of Rurik"), also known as the Rurikid dynasty or Rurikids, was ...
. At certain times the location functioned as the capital of the principality, but since there was no need for a fixed capital in medieval Europe, the town did not become an important centre of commerce or culture.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
In 1240,
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different seized and looted the nearby town but left the castle unharmed. In 1321, George, son of
Lev, the last prospective heir of
Halych-Volynia, died in a battle with the forces of
Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania
Gediminas ( la, Gedeminne, ; – December 1341) was the king or Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from t ...
, and
Lithuanian forces seized the castle. In 1349, the forces of King
Casimir III of Poland captured the town, but Lithuania soon retook it.
The town began to prosper during the period of Lithuanian rule. Prince
Lubart
Demetrius of Liubar or Liubartas (also ''Lubart'', ''Lubko'', ''Lubardus'', baptized ''Dmitry''; died ) was Prince of Lutsk and Liubar (Volhynia) (1323–1383), Prince of Zhytomyr (1363–1374), Grand Prince of Volhynia (1340–1383), Grand Princ ...
(died 1384), son of
Gediminas
Gediminas ( la, Gedeminne, ; – December 1341) was the king or Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from t ...
, erected
Lubart's Castle
Lutsk Castle ( uk, Луцький замок, ''Lutskyi zamok'', Polish: Zamek w Łucku), also locally known as Liubart's Castle (''Замок Любарта'', ''Zamok Liubarta'') or Upper Castle (''Верхній замок'', ''Verkhnii zamok ...
as part of his fortification programme.
Vytautas the Great
Vytautas (c. 135027 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian: ', be, Вітаўт, ''Vitaŭt'', pl, Witold Kiejstutowicz, ''Witold Aleksander'' or ''Witold Wielki'' Ruthenian: ''Vitovt'', Latin: ''Alexander Vitoldus'', O ...
, Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1392 to 1430, founded the town itself by importing colonists (mostly
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
s,
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different , and
Karaims). In 1427 he transferred the Catholic bishopric from Volodymyr to Luchesk. Vytautas was the last monarch to use the title of "Duke of Volhynia" and to reside in Lubart's Castle.
The town grew rapidly, and by the end of the 15th century there were 19 Orthodox and two Catholic churches. It was the seat of two
Christian bishops, one Catholic and one Orthodox. Because of that, the town was sometimes nicknamed "the ''Volhynian Rome''." The cross symbol of Lutsk features on the highest Lithuanian Presidential award, the
Order of Vytautas the Great
The Order of Vytautas the Great is the Lithuanian Presidential Award.''Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija. 84 straipsnis''. Priimta 1992 It may be conferred on the heads of Lithuania and foreign states, as well as their citizens, for distinguished ...
.
In 1429 Lutsk was the meeting place selected for a
conference of monarchs hosted by
Jogaila and
Sophia of Halshany to deal with the Tatar threat. Those invited to attend included
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor;
Vasili II of Russia
Vasily Vasiliyevich (russian: Василий Васильевич; 10 March 141527 March 1462), also known as Vasily II the Blind (Василий II Тёмный), was the Grand Prince of Moscow whose long reign (1425–1462) was plagued by the ...
, the king of
Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark
, establish ...
;
Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania (1381 or 1382 – 24 September 1459) was the ruler of the Kalmar Union from 1396 until 1439, succeeding his grandaunt, Queen Margaret I. He is known as Eric III as King of Norway (1389–1442), Eric VII as King of Denmark (1 ...
, the Grand Master of the
Livonian Order; Zisse von Rutenberg, the Duke of
Szczecin Kazimierz V
Duke Casimir V of Pomerania (or, counting differently, Casimir VI; after 1380 – 13 April 1435) was a member of the House of Griffins and a Duke of Pomerania. He ruled in Pomerania-Stettin together with his brother Otto II, Duke of Pomerani ...
;
Dan II, the ''Hospodar'' of
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...
; and
Prince-elector
The prince-electors (german: Kurfürst pl. , cz, Kurfiřt, la, Princeps Elector), or electors for short, were the members of the electoral college that elected the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
From the 13th century onwards, the prin ...
s of most of the countries of Germany.
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
In 1432, Volhynia became a
fief
A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form ...
of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and Lutsk became the seat of the governors, and later the Marshalls of the Land of Volhynia. That same year, the city was granted
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
. In 1569, Volhynia was fully incorporated into the Polish kingdom and the town became the capital of the
Volhynian Voivodeship and the
Łuck
Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding L ...
powiat
A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powiat ...
(Polish administrative unit). After the
Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the per ...
, the local Orthodox bishop converted to
Eastern Catholicism.
The town continued to prosper as an important economic centre of the region. By the mid-17th century, Łuck had approximately 50,000 inhabitants and was one of the largest towns in the area. During the
Khmelnytskyi Uprising
The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніцкага; russian: ...
, the town was seized by the forces of Colonel Kolodko. Up to 4,000 people were slaughtered, approximately 35,000 fled, and the town was looted and partially burnt. It never fully recovered. In 1781, the city was struck by a fire which destroyed 440 houses, both cathedrals, and several other churches.
Russian Empire
In 1795, as a result of the
Partitions of Poland, the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
annexed Lutsk. The Voivodeship was liquidated and the town lost its significance as the capital of the province (which was moved to
Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr ( uk, Жито́мир, translit=Zhytomyr ; russian: Жито́мир, Zhitomir ; pl, Żytomierz ; yi, זשיטאָמיר, Zhitomir; german: Schytomyr ) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine. It is the administrative ...
). After the
November Uprising (1830–1831), efforts increased to remove Polish influence. Russian became the dominant language in official circles. Though, the population continued to speak
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
; the Polish population spoke
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
; and the Jewish population spoke
Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ve ...
(only in private circles). The
Greek Catholic churches The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually.
The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
were turned into
Orthodox Christian ones, which led to the self-liquidation of the Uniates here. In 1845, another great fire struck the city, resulting in a further depopulation.
In 1850, three major forts were built around Lutsk, and the town became a small fortress called ''Mikhailogorod''. During the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the town was seized by
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
on August 29, 1915. The town sustained a small amount of damage. During more than a year of Austro-Hungarian occupation, Lutsk became an important military centre with the headquarters of the IV Army under Archduke
Josef Ferdinand stationed there. A plague of
epidemic typhus decimated the city's inhabitants.
On June 4, 1916, four Russian armies under general
Aleksei Brusilov
Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov ( rus, Алексе́й Алексе́евич Бруси́лов, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ brʊˈsʲiɫəf; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian and later Soviet general most noted for the developme ...
started what later became known as the
Brusilov Offensive. After up to three days of heavy artillery barrage, the
Battle of Lutsk began. On June 7, 1916, the Russian forces reconquered the city. After the signing of the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's ...
in 1917, the city was seized by Germany on February 7, 1918. On February 22, 1918, the town was transferred by the withdrawing German army to the forces loyal to
Symon Petlura.
Second Polish Republic
During the
Polish-Bolshevik War, on May 16, 1919, Lutsk was taken over by the forces of Poland's
Blue Army after a heavy battle with the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
. The city was devastated and largely depopulated. It witnessed the Soviet counter-offensive of 1920 and was taken on 12 July 1920. It was recaptured by Poland's 45th Rifles regiment and field artillery on September 15, 1920.
According to American sociologist Alexander Gella "the Polish victory
ver the Red Army Ver or VER may refer to:
* Voluntary Export Restraints, in international trade
* VER, the IATA airport code for General Heriberto Jara International Airport
* Volk's Electric Railway, Brighton, England
* VerPublishing, of the German group VDM Publ ...
had gained twenty years of independence not only for Poland, but at least for an entire central part of Europe.
[Aleksander Gella (1988), ''Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors'', SUNY Press, ]
Google Print, p. 23.
/ref> Łuck was designated by the newly-reborn nation of Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
as the capital of the Wołyń Voivodeship.
The city was connected by railroad to Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukrain ...
(then Lwów) and Przemyśl. Several brand new factories were built both in Łuck and on its outskirts producing farming equipment, wood, and leather products among other consumer goods. New mills and breweries opened. An orphanage was built, and a big new bursary. The first high-school was soon inaugurated. In 1937, an airport was established in Łuck with an area of .
The 13th ''Kresowy'' Light Artillery Regiment was stationed in the city, together with a ''Łuck'' National Defense (Poland)
National Defense ( pl, Obrona Narodowa, ON) was a volunteer military formation of the Second Polish Republic.
Its units (brigades and demi-brigades, divided into battalions) were subordinated to various Polish corps and armies.
National Defense ...
Battalion. In 1938, construction of a large modern radio transmitter began in the city (see Polish Radio Łuck Polish Radio Łuck ( pl, Polskie Radio Łuck) was a radio station of the Polish Radio, planned to be opened in autumn of 1939 in the Volhynian city of Łuck (now Lutsk, Ukraine). Construction of the station's campus, together with the studio, began ...
). As of January 1, 1939, Łuck had 39,000 inhabitants (approximately 17,500 Jews and 13,500 Poles). The powiat formed around the town had 316,970 inhabitants, including 59% Ukrainians, 19.5% Poles, 14% Jews and approximately 23,000 Czechs
The Czechs ( cs, Češi, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, ...
and Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
.
World War II
On Thursday, September 7, 1939 at app. 5 p.m., the Polish government, which had left Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
the day before, arrived at Łuck. German intelligence quickly found out about it, and the city was twice bombed by the Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
: on Sept. 11, and Sept. 14. After panzer units of the Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...
had crossed the Bug river
uk, Західний Буг be, Захо́дні Буг
, name_etymology =
, image = Wyszkow_Bug.jpg
, image_size = 250
, image_caption = Bug River in the vicinity of Wyszków, Poland
, map = Vi ...
, on September 14, the government of Poland left Łuck and headed southwards, to Kosow Huculski, which at that time was located near the Polish–Romanian border.
As a result of the invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
from both sides and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that enabled those powers to partition Poland between them. The pact was signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ri ...
, Łuck, along with the rest of western Volyn, was annexed by the Soviet Union. Most of the factories (including the almost-finished radio station) were dismantled and sent east to Russia. Approximately 10,000 of the city's Polish inhabitants (chiefly ethnic Poles, but also Polish Jews
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Ashkenazi Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the l ...
) were deported in cattle trucks to Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
and 1,550 were arrested by the NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
...
.[Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998), ]
Poland's Holocaust
' (Google Books). Jefferson: McFarland, pp. 17-18, 420. .
After the start of Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...
the city was captured by the Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...
on 25 June 1941. Thousands of Polish and Ukrainian prisoners were shot by the retreating NKVD responsible for political prisons. The inmates were offered amnesty and in the morning of ordered to exit the building en masse. They were gunned down by Soviet tanks. Some 4,000 captives including Poles, Jews and Ukrainians were massacred.[Piotrowski 1998, p. 17]
The Murder of the Jews of Lutsk
at Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
website
Upon Nazi occupation most of the Jewish inhabitants of the city were forced into a new Łuck Ghetto (german: Ghetto Luzk) and then murdered at the execution site on Górka Połonka hill not far from the city.[Andrzej Mielcarek]
Wieś i kolonia Hnidawa, inaczej Gnidawa, powiat Łuck
Interactive 1936 map included. ''Strony o Wołyniu'' Wolyn.ovh.org in Polish. Retrieved July 24, 2015. In total, more than 25,000 Jews were executed there at point-blank range,[Yad Vashem, Note: village Połonka ( pl, Górka Połonka or it]
subdivision) is misspelled in the documentary, with testimony of eyewitness Shmuel Shilo Shmuel Shilo or Shmulik Shiloh ( he, שמואל שילה; 1 December 1929 – 4 October 2011) was an Israeli actor, director and producer, born in the Second Polish Republic, and best remembered for his role on the Israeli production of Rechov ...
. Retrieved July 24, 2015. men, women and children.[YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe]
Lutsk.
Ghetto history. Retrieved 22 July 2015. The Łuck Ghetto was liquidated entirely through ''the Holocaust by bullets''.[ Retrieved 20 July 2015.] During the massacres of Poles in Volhynia
The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia ( pl, rzeź wołyńska, lit=Volhynian slaughter; uk, Волинська трагедія, lit=Volyn tragedy, translit=Volynska trahediia), were carried out in German-occupied Poland by the ...
approximately 10,000 Poles were murdered by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army ( uk, Українська повстанська армія, УПА, translit=Ukrayins'ka povstans'ka armiia, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan formation. During World ...
in the area. It was captured by the Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
on 2 February 1944.
Postwar
After the end of the war, the remaining Polish inhabitants of the city were expelled, mostly to the areas that is sometimes referred to as the Polish Regained Territories
The Recovered Territories or Regained Lands ( pl, Ziemie Odzyskane), also known as Western Borderlands ( pl, Kresy Zachodnie), and previously as Western and Northern Territories ( pl, Ziemie Zachodnie i Północne), Postulated Territories ( pl, Z ...
. The city became an industrial centre in the Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
. The major changes in the city's demographics had the final result that by the end of the war the city was almost entirely Ukrainian. During the Cold War, the city hosted the Lutsk air base.
As one of the largest cities in Western Ukraine, Lutsk became the seat of a General Consulate of Poland in 2003.
On 21 July 2020, a hostage crisis
A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized, such as a relative, employer, law enforcement or government to act, or refr ...
took place, involving a man armed with a firearm and explosives who stormed a bus and took 16 people hostage
A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized, such as a relative, employer, law enforcement or government to act, or refr ...
at about 9:25 a.m. Police said that they had identified the hostagetaker and that he had expressed a dissatisfaction with "Ukraine's system" on social media. Ukrainian President
The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
said that shots gas been heard and that the bus had been damaged. The incident led to police blocking off the city centre. The standoff was eventually resolved after several hours, with all of the hostages being freed and the hostagetaker being arrested.
2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
On 11 March 2022, as part of the Russian invasion, the Russian army fired four missiles at Lutsk military airfield killing two Ukrainian servicemen and wounding six. On 28 March, Lutsk was struck by another Russian missile.
Climate
Lutsk has a humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(''Dfb'' in the Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
).
Industry and commerce
Lutsk is an important centre of industry. Factories producing cars, shoes, bearings, furniture, machines and electronics
The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...
, as well as weaveries, steel mills and a chemical plant are located in the area.
* VGP JSC – manufacture of sanitary and hygienic products
* LuAZ
LuAZ ( uk, ЛуАЗ, short for ''"Луцький автомобільний завод"'', ''Lutskyi avtomobilnyi zavod''; Lutsk automobile factory) is a Ukrainian automobile manufacturer in the city Lutsk built in the Soviet Union. Since 2009 ...
– automobile-manufacturing plant, part of Bogdan group
Bogdan Corporation ( uk, Корпорація «Богдан» Korporatsiia Bohdan) — is a leading Ukrainian automobile-manufacturing group, including several car- and bus-makers of the country. Its most popular model is the Bogdan Isuzu-powe ...
* SKF
AB SKF (Swedish: ''Svenska Kullagerfabriken''; 'Swedish Ball Bearing Factory') is a Swedish bearing and seal manufacturing company founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1907. The company manufactures and supplies bearings, seals, lubrication and l ...
– manufacture of bearings, seals, lubrication and lubrication systems, maintenance products, mechatronics products, power transmission products and related services globally
* Modern-Expo Group – one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of equipment (metal shelving, high racks systems, checkouts
The point of sale (POS) or point of purchase (POP) is the time and place at which a retail transaction is completed. At the point of sale, the merchant calculates the amount owed by the customer, indicates that amount, may prepare an invoice f ...
, catering
Catering is the business of providing food service at a remote site or a site such as a hotel, hospital, pub, aircraft, cruise ship, park, festival, filming location or film studio.
History of catering
The earliest account of major services be ...
equipment, refrigeration
The term refrigeration refers to the process of removing heat from an enclosed space or substance for the purpose of lowering the temperature.International Dictionary of Refrigeration, http://dictionary.iifiir.org/search.phpASHRAE Terminology, ht ...
equipment, POS-equipment and guidance systems
A guidance system is a virtual or physical device, or a group of devices implementing a controlling the movement of a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or any other moving object. Guidance is the process of calculating the changes in po ...
) for retail
Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and ...
and warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities ...
use in Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...
.
* Lutsk is the capital of the Drupal web development
Places of interest
*Lubart's Castle
Lutsk Castle ( uk, Луцький замок, ''Lutskyi zamok'', Polish: Zamek w Łucku), also locally known as Liubart's Castle (''Замок Любарта'', ''Zamok Liubarta'') or Upper Castle (''Верхній замок'', ''Verkhnii zamok ...
. The Upper Castle from the 13th century and the Lower Castle from the 14th century
* Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral. A Catholic cathedral built 1610 as a Jesuit church, reconstructed in 1781
* Great Synagogue built in 1626–1629
* Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral built 1755 as a church and monastery of Bernardines
* Lutheran Church
*Complex of Lutsk Orthodox Fellowship
The Lutsk Orthodox Fellowship of the True Cross is an architecture, architectural and history, historical complex consisting of a church (building), church and a monastery and located on the border of the Market square, Lutsk, market and Bratskiy ...
* Market square
* Lesya Ukrainka street
*Monasteries, both Catholic and Orthodox: Basilians (17th century), Dominicans (17th century), Trinitarians
, logo = Trynitarze.svg
, logo_size = 150px
, logo_caption = Flag of the Trinitarians
, image = Signumordinis.gif
, image_size = 200px
, caption = Mosaic of Jesus Christ us ...
(18th century) and Charites (18th century)
*Two 16th century Greek-Catholic churches
*Lutsk compact overhead powerline, a powerline of unusual type.
* One of the longest buildings in the world: Apartment house on Sobornosti av. and Molodyozhi st. (50.761219°N, 25.368719°E) Length: 1750 m.
File:Łuck - kościół 2008.jpg, St. Peter and Paul Cathedral
File:ЛуцькСинагогаГол.jpg, The Great Synagogue in Lutsk
File:Lutsk sobor.jpg, Holy Trinity Cathedral
Theatres and museums
*Drama Theatre, built in 1939 (uk)
*Children's Puppet Theater
*Museum of Regional Studies. Address: Shopena St. 20
*Museum of Ukrainian army and ammunition opened in 1999. Address: Lutsk, vul. Taborishi 4
*Museum of Volyn Icon was opened in August 1993. Relatively small museum in the centre on the town. Has some interesting and very old icons. Address: vul. Yaroshchuka 5. (behind the Lesia Ukrainka Volyn State University)
THE KORSAKS’ MUSEUM OF THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN ART
. Address: vul. Karbysheva 1
Notable people
*Shlomo Ben-Yosef
Shlomo Ben-Yosef ( he, שלמה בן-יוסף; May 7, 1913 - June 29, 1938) was a member of the Revisionist Zionist underground group Irgun. He is most noted for his participation in an April 21, 1938 attack on a bus carrying Arab civilians, inten ...
(1913-1938) a member of Revisionist Zionist
Revisionist Zionism is an ideology developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky, who advocated a "revision" of the " practical Zionism" of David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann which was focused on the settling of ''Eretz Yisrael'' ( Land of Israel) by independe ...
underground group Irgun
Irgun • Etzel
, image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px
, caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...
.
* Volodymyr Bondar (born 1968), politician, Governor of Volyn Oblast
The Governor of Volyn Oblast is the Chief of Local State Administration (Ukraine), head of executive branch for the Volyn Oblast.
The office of Governor is an appointed position, with officeholders being appointed by the President of Ukraine, on ...
2005-2007
*Benedykt Chmielowski
Benedykt Joachim Chmielowski (1700–1763) was a Polish priest born presumably in Łuck.
He wrote ''Nowe Ateny,'' the first Polish-language encyclopedia. It was first published in 1745-46; the second edition was supplemented between 1754 and 176 ...
(1700–1763), a Polish priest, author of encyclopedia, Nowe Ateny
''Nowe Ateny'' ''(New Athens)'' is the abbreviated title of the first Polish-language encyclopedia, authored by the 18th-century Polish priest Benedykt Joachim Chmielowski. The first edition was published in 1745–1746 in Lwów (Lviv); the ...
* Count Włodzimierz Czacki (1834–1888) a Polish Cardinal (Catholic Church) from 1882
*Alojzy Feliński
Alojzy Feliński (1771 – 1820) was a Polish writer.
Life
Feliński was born in Łuck. In his childhood he met Tadeusz Czacki. He was educated by the Piarists in Dąbrownica, later in Włodzimierz Wołyński. In 1778 he settled in Lubl ...
(1771-1820), Polish scientist and writer
*Abraham Firkovich
Abraham (Avraham) ben Samuel Firkovich (Hebrew אברהם בן שמואל - ''Avraham ben Shmuel''; Karayce: Аврагъам Фиркович - ''Avragham Firkovich'') (Sept. 27, 1786–June 7, 1874) was a famous Karaite writer and archaeologi ...
(1786–1874) a Karaite writer and Hakham
''Hakham'' (or ''chakam(i), haham(i), hacham(i)''; he, חכם ', "wise") is a term in Judaism, meaning a wise or skillful man; it often refers to someone who is a great Torah scholar. It can also refer to any cultured and learned person: "He ...
and collector of ancient manuscripts
*Shlomo Flam
Shlomo Flam (died January 1813), known as the Lutzker Maggid, was a Volhynian Hasidic rabbi and '' maggid'' in Lutsk and in Sokal
Sokal ( uk, Сокаль, romanized: ''Sokal'') is a city located on the Bug River in Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv O ...
(died 1813), Hasidic rabbi and maggid
A maggid ( he, מַגִּיד), also spelled as magid, is a traditional Jewish religious itinerant preacher, skilled as a narrator of Torah and religious stories. A chaplain of the more scholarly sort is called a '' darshan'' (). The title of '' ...
in Lutsk
*Kateryna Gornostai
Kateryna Gornostai (Ukrainian: Горностай Катерина Павлівна; born March 15, 1989) is a Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and film editor. She is a jury member of the film festival Wiz-Art since 2014 and a member of t ...
(born 1989) a Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and film editor.
* Bolesław Kontrym (1898-1953), a Polish Army officer, participant in the Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising ( pl, powstanie warszawskie; german: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led ...
*Mikołaj Kruszewski
Mikołaj Habdank Kruszewski, (Russian language, Russianized, ''Nikolay Vyacheslavovich Krushevsky'', Никола́й Вячесла́вович Круше́вский) (December 18, 1851, Lutsk – November 12, 1887, Kazan) was a Polish linguist ...
(1851-1887), a Polish linguist, co-inventor of the concept of phoneme
In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language.
For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-wes ...
s
*Dinora Pines
Dinora Pines Lewison (30 December 1918 – 26 February 2002), known by her maiden name Dinora Pines, was a Ukrainian born, British physician and psychoanalyst, who had specific interests in women's psychology and psychosomatic illness.
Life
Pin ...
(1918–2002), British physician and psychoanalyst, especially feminine psychology
* Volodymyr Runchak (born 1960) a Ukrainian accordionist, conductor and composer
*Shmuel Shilo Shmuel Shilo or Shmulik Shiloh ( he, שמואל שילה; 1 December 1929 – 4 October 2011) was an Israeli actor, director and producer, born in the Second Polish Republic, and best remembered for his role on the Israeli production of Rechov ...
(1929–2011), an Israeli actor, director and producer
*Florian Siwicki
Florian Siwicki (; 10 January 1925 – 11 March 2013) was a Polish military officer, diplomat and communism, communist politician. He was a general in the Polish Land Forces, Polish Army and Defence minister, Minister of Defense of Poland fro ...
(1925-2013), a Polish military officer, diplomat and communist politician.
*Zalman Sorotzkin Zalman Sorotzkin, also known as the Lutzker Rav ( he, זלמן סורוצקין; 1881–1966), was an Orthodox rabbi who served as the rabbi of Lutsk, Ukraine.
By the end of his life he was noted for his leadership of Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Counc ...
(1881-1966), an Orthodox rabbi who served as the rabbi of Lutsk and author
*Mordecai Sultansky
Mordecai Sultansky ( he, מרדכי סולטנסקי) was a Crimean Karaite ''hakham'' of the nineteenth century.
He was born at Lutsk about 1772. Sultansky was one of the most prominent scholars of the Karaite sect during the nineteenth century ...
(ca. 1772-1862), Karaite Jewish hakham
''Hakham'' (or ''chakam(i), haham(i), hacham(i)''; he, חכם ', "wise") is a term in Judaism, meaning a wise or skillful man; it often refers to someone who is a great Torah scholar. It can also refer to any cultured and learned person: "He ...
and scholar
*Tartak Tartak (Polish for ''sawmill'') may refer to:
Places Poland
*Tartak, Greater Poland Voivodeship
*Tartak, Lublin Voivodeship
*Tartak, Augustów County
*Tartak, Siemiatycze County
*Tartak, Sokółka County
*Tartak, Suwałki County
*Tartak, Mińsk Co ...
(founded 1994), music band; all members were born in Lutsk
* Shimshon Unichman (1907–1961), Israeli politician and member of the Knesset
* Svitlana Winnikow (1919 -1981), engineer, first woman professor of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University
*Oksana Zabuzhko
Oksana Stefanivna Zabuzhko ( uk, Окса́на Стефа́нівна Забу́жко) is a Ukrainian novelist, poet, and essayist. Her works have been translated into several languages. She has been accused of relativising the Volhynian Massa ...
(born 1960), contemporary Ukrainian poet, writer and essayist
* Svetlana Zakharova (born 1979), a Ukrainian prima ballerina with the Bolshoi Ballet
*Joseph Zinker
Joseph Chaim Zinker is a therapist who has contributed to the growth and development of Gestalt theory and also Gestalt methodology. He co-founded the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland.
Early life
Joseph Zinker was born in Central Europe (Lutsk, ...
(born 1934), Gestalt psychology
Gestalt-psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology that emerged in the early twentieth century in Austria and Germany as a theory of perception that was a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward ...
therapist, painter and sculptor.
Sport
*Peter Bondra
Peter Bondra (; born 7 February 1968) is a Ukrainian-born Slovak former professional ice hockey player. He was the general manager of the Slovakia national team from 2007 to 2011. A two-time 50-goal scorer, Bondra became the 37th player in Nati ...
(born 1968), Ukrainian-born Slovak ice hockey player
*Oleksandr Chyzhevskyi
Oleksandr Chyzhevskyi ( uk, Олександр Арсенійович Чижевський; born 27 May 1971) is a Ukrainian football coach for Ahrobiznes Volochysk and a former player. He is on the fourth place the all-time appearance leader in ...
(born 1971) football coach and former player with 513 club caps.
* Iurii Kostiuk (born 1977) a Ukrainian biathlete and gold medallist at the Cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
*Volodymyr Mozolyuk
Volodymyr Danylovych Mozolyuk ( uk, Володимир Данилович Мозолюк; born 28 January 1964 in Lutsk) is a Ukrainian retired professional Association football, footballer.
External links
*
Mozolyuat ukr-football.org
Referen ...
(born 1964) a Ukrainian retired footballer with over 540 club caps.
*Anzhelika Savrayuk
Anzhelika Savrayuk ( uk, Анжеліка Савраюк; born 23 August 1989 in Lutsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian-born Italian rhythmic gymnast.
Career
Savrayuk has competed in two Olympic Games. She and the Italian group c ...
(born 1989), Italian rhythmic gymnast, team broze medallist at the 2012 Summer Olympics
*Vyacheslav Shevchuk
Vyacheslav Anatoliyovych Shevchuk ( uk, В'ячеслав Анатолійович Шевчу́к, born 13 May 1979) is a retired Ukrainian professional footballer and manager, mainly known for his time as a player of FC Shakhtar Donetsk. He ...
(born 1979) a retired footballer with 34 club caps and 56 with Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
*Anatoliy Tymoshchuk
Anatoliy Oleksandrovych Tymoshchuk ( uk, Анатолій Олександрович Тимощук ; born 30 March 1979) is a Ukrainian football coach and a former midfielder, currently an assistant coach of the Russian Premier League club Ze ...
(born 1979), footballer with 533 club caps and 144 for Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
In popular culture
The NKVD and Nazi massacres are mentioned in the Prix Goncourt
The Prix Goncourt (french: Le prix Goncourt, , ''The Goncourt Prize'') is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". The prize carries a symbolic reward o ...
awarded novel '' The Kindly Ones'' by Jonathan Littell
Jonathan Littell (born October 10, 1967) is a writer living in Barcelona. He grew up in France and the United States and is a citizen of both countries. After acquiring his bachelor's degree he worked for a humanitarian organisation for nine year ...
.
Lutsk is a location taken over by post-apocalyptic slavers in the sci-fi/adventure novel ''The Crisis Pendant'' by Charlie Patterson.
Twin towns – sister cities
Lutsk is twinned with:
* Bandırma
Bandırma () is a city in northwestern Turkey with 161,894 inhabitants as of 2021 on the Sea of Marmara. Bandırma is a district of Balıkesir Province. Bandırma is located in the south of the Marmara Sea, in the bay with the same name, and is ...
, Turkey
* Białystok, Poland
* Brest
Brest may refer to:
Places
*Brest, Belarus
**Brest Region
**Brest Airport
**Brest Fortress
* Brest, Kyustendil Province, Bulgaria
* Břest, Czech Republic
*Brest, France
** Arrondissement of Brest
**Brest Bretagne Airport
** Château de Brest
*Br ...
, Belarus
* Chełm
Chełm (; uk, Холм, Kholm; german: Cholm; yi, כעלם, Khelm) is a city in southeastern Poland with 60,231 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamość and south of Biała Podlaska, some ...
, Poland
* Kaunas, Lithuania
* Kyjov
Kyjov (; german: Gaya or Geyen) is a town in Hodonín District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Ad ...
, Czech Republic
* Lippe (district)
Lippe () is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe.
The ...
, Germany
* Lublin, Poland
* Olsztyn
Olsztyn ( , ; german: Allenstein ; Old Prussian: ''Alnāsteini''
* Latin: ''Allenstenium'', ''Holstin'') is a city on the Łyna River in northern Poland. It is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, and is a city with county rights. ...
, Poland
* Rzeszów
Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian ...
, Poland
* Toruń
)''
, image_skyline =
, image_caption =
, image_flag = POL Toruń flag.svg
, image_shield = POL Toruń COA.svg
, nickname = City of Angels, Gingerbread city, Copernicus Town
, pushpin_map = Kuyavian-Pom ...
, Poland
* Trakai
Trakai (; see names section for alternative and historic names) is a historic town and lake resort in Lithuania. It lies west of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Because of its proximity to Vilnius, Trakai is a popular tourist destination. ...
, Lithuania
* Xiangtan
Xiangtan () is a prefecture-level city in east-central Hunan province, south-central China. The hometowns of several founding leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Chairman Mao Zedong, President Liu Shaoqi, and Marshal Peng Dehuai, a ...
, China
* Zamość
Zamość (; yi, זאמאשטש, Zamoshtsh; la, Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about from Lublin, from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021.
...
, Poland
Gallery
File:Lutskadministr.jpg, Volyn' regional administration in Lutsk
File:ЛуцькКафГол.jpg, Kafedralna avenue
File:ЛуцькВоліГВ.jpg, Modern architecture
File:Монастир Домініканів.jpg, Dominican monastery
File:ЛуцькБрВиг.jpg, Orthodox Fellowship building
File:ЛуцькГалВ.jpg, Daniel of Galicia street
File:ЛуцькЛесіКрилова.jpg, Lesya Ukrainka street
References
External links
*
*
Official tourist website
Lutsk - historical description
(in Ukrainian)
Orthodox Lutsk
(in Ukrainian)
*
*
{{Authority control
Magdeburg rights
Cities in Volyn Oblast
Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)
Lutsky Uyezd
Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)
Shtetls
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Oblast centers in Ukraine