The Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area is located in western Baltimore County, Maryland. Much of the area of the Soldiers Delight NEA, which totals of protected land, contains a

serpentine Serpentine may refer to: Shapes * Serpentine shape, a shape resembling a serpent * Serpentine curve, a mathematical curve * Serpentine, a type of riding figure Science and nature * Serpentine subgroup, a group of minerals * Serpentinite, a ...

barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.gsa.confex.com: Serpentine
/ref> The following list of woody plants comes from the publications by Fleming et al. 1995, Monteferrante 1973, Reed 1984, eWennerstrom 1995, oodWood 1984, and the unpublished data by oWorthley 1955-1985, with authors' acronyms used below.

List of woody plants of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area

Division Pinophyta ( Gymnosperms)

Cupressaceae Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdio ...

- (

Cypress Cypress is a common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs of northern temperate regions that belong to the family Cupressaceae. The word ''cypress'' is derived from Old French ''cipres'', which was imported from Latin ''cypressus'', the ...

Family) *'' Juniperus virginiana'' - Eastern redcedar , We Pinaceae - ( Pine Family) *'' Pinus pungens'' - Table mountain pine e*'' Pinus rigida'' -

Pitch pine ''Pinus rigida'', the pitch pine, is a small-to-medium-sized pine. It is native to eastern North America, primarily from central Maine south to Georgia and as far west as Kentucky. It is found in environments which other species would find unsuit ...

e*'' Pinus virginiana'' - Virginia pine , We, Wo*'' Tsuga canadensis'' - Eastern hemlock e ----

Division Magnoliophyta ( Angiosperms)

;Class Magnoliopsida ( Dicotyledons) Aceraceae - ( Maple Family) *''

Acer negundo ''Acer negundo'', the box elder, boxelder maple, Manitoba maple or ash-leaved maple, is a species of maple native to North America. It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree with opposite, compound leaves. It is sometimes considered a weedy or inv ...

'' - Boxelder e, Wo*''

Acer platanoides ''Acer platanoides'', commonly known as the Norway maple, is a species of maple native to eastern and central Europe and western Asia, from Spain east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran. It was introduced to ...

'' - Norway maple e*'' Acer rubrum'' - Red maple , We, Wo Anacardiaceae - (

Cashew The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus ''Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cult ...

Family) *''

Rhus glabra ''Rhus glabra'', the smooth sumac, (also known as white sumac, upland sumac, or scarlet sumac) is a species of sumac in the family Anacardiaceae, native to North America, from southern Quebec west to southern British Columbia in Canada, and sou ...

'' -

Smooth sumac ''Rhus glabra'', the smooth sumac, (also known as white sumac, upland sumac, or scarlet sumac) is a species of sumac in the family Anacardiaceae, native to North America, from southern Quebec west to southern British Columbia in Canada, and south ...

*'' Rhus typhina'' - Staghorn sumac , We*'' Toxicodendron radicans'' - Poison ivy , We, Wo Berberidaceae - (

Barberry ''Berberis'' (), commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from tall, found throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world (apart from Australia). Species diversity is greatest in South America a ...

Family) *''

Berberis canadensis ''Berberis canadensis'', commonly known as the American barberry or Allegheny barberry, is a member of the family Berberidaceae. ''Berberis canadensis'' is one of only two simple-leaved or 'true' ''Berberis'' indigenous to the United States. The ...

'' Miller - American Barberry 3, SH, X*'' Berberis thunbergii'' DC. -

Japanese Barberry ''Berberis thunbergii'', the Japanese barberry, Thunberg's barberry, or red barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family Berberidaceae, native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and North America, w ...

U*'' Berberis vulgaris'' L. - Common or European Barberry e Betulaceae - ( Birch Family) *'' Alnus serrulata'' (Aiton) Willd. -

Smooth Alder ''Alnus serrulata'', the hazel alder or smooth alder, is a thicket-forming shrub in the family Betulaceae. It is native to eastern North America and can be found from western Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick south to Florida and Texas. ...

o*'' Alnus viridis'' (Villars) Lam. - Green or Mountain Alder *''

Betula lenta ''Betula lenta'' (sweet birch, also known as black birch, cherry birch, mahogany birch, or spice birch) is a species of birch native to eastern North America, from southern Maine west to southernmost Ontario, and south in the Appalachian Mounta ...

'' L. - Sweet or Black Birch o*'' Betula nigra'' L. - River Birch e, Wo*'' Betula populifolia'' Marshall - Gray Birch o*'' Carpinus caroliniana'' Walter - American Hornbeam o*'' Corylus americana'' Marsh. - American Hazelnut o Caprifoliaceae - ( Honeysuckle Family) * ''Lonicera'' × ''bella'' Zabel - Hybrid Honeysuckle *'' Lonicera japonica'' Thunb. - Japanese Honeysuckle *'' Viburnum dentatum'' var. ''lucidum'' Aiton - Arrow-wood

, R The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline ...

*'' Viburnum acerifolium'' L. - Maple-leaf Viburnum e Celastraceae - (Staff-tree Family) *''

Celastrus orbiculatus ''Celastrus orbiculatus'' is a woody vine of the family Celastraceae. It is commonly called Oriental bittersweet, as well as Chinese bittersweet, Asian bittersweet, round-leaved bittersweet, and Asiatic bittersweet. It is native to China, whe ...

'' Thunb. -

Oriental Bittersweet ''Celastrus orbiculatus'' is a woody vine of the family Celastraceae. It is commonly called Oriental bittersweet, as well as Chinese bittersweet, Asian bittersweet, round-leaved bittersweet, and Asiatic bittersweet. It is native to China, wh ...

U*'' Celastrus scandens'' L. -

American Bittersweet ''Celastrus scandens'', commonly called American bittersweet or bittersweet, is a species of ''Celastrus'' that blooms mostly in June and is commonly found on rich, well-drained soils of woodlands. It is a sturdy perennial vine that may have tw ...

e Cornaceae - ( Dogwood Family) *''

Cornus florida ''Cornus florida'', the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico. An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida ...

'' L. - Flowering Dogwood , We*'' Nyssa sylvatica'' Marsh. - Blackgum, Black Tupelo e, Wood

Ebenaceae The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It ...

- ( Ebony Family) *'' Diospyros virginiana'' L. - Persimmon e Elaeagnaceae - ( Oleaster Family) *'' Elaeagnus umbellata'' Thunb. - Autumn Olive e Ericaceae - ( Heath Family) *''

Chimaphila maculata ''Chimaphila maculata'' (spotted wintergreen, also called striped wintergreen, striped prince's pine, spotted pipsissewa, ratsbane, or rheumatism root) is a small, perennial, evergreen herb native to eastern North America and Central America, fr ...

'' (L.) Pursh. - Spotted Wintergreen , R, We*''

Chimaphila umbellata ''Chimaphila umbellata'', the umbellate wintergreen, pipsissewa, or prince's pine, is a small perennial flowering plant found in dry woodlands, or sandy soils. It is native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. It grows 10–35&nbs ...

'' (L.) Barton -

Pipsissewa ''Chimaphila umbellata'', the umbellate wintergreen, pipsissewa, or prince's pine, is a small perennial flowering plant found in dry woodlands, or sandy soils. It is native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. It grows 10–35 ...

, R, We*'' Epigaea repens'' L. -

Trailing Arbutus ''Epigaea repens'', the mayflower, trailing arbutus, or ground laurel, is a low, spreading shrub in the family Ericaceae. It is found from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Kentucky and the Northwest Territories. Description The plant is a slo ...

e*'' Gaultheria procumbens'' L. - Wintergreen ood*''

Gaylussacia baccata ''Gaylussacia baccata'', the black huckleberry, is a common huckleberry found throughout a wide area of eastern North America. Distribution The plant is native to Eastern Canada and the Great Lakes region, the Midwestern and Northeastern Unit ...

'' (Wang.) K.Koch -

Black Huckleberry Black huckleberry is a common name for several plants and may refer to: *''Gaylussacia baccata'', native to eastern North America *''Vaccinium membranaceum ''Vaccinium membranaceum'' is a species within the group of Vaccinium commonly referred t ...

, We, Wo*''

Gaylussacia dumosa ''Gaylussacia dumosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common names dwarf huckleberry, bush huckleberry, and gopherberry. It is native to eastern North America from Newfoundland to Louisiana and Florida. It occur ...

'' (Andr.) T. & G. - Dwarf Huckleberry ood*'' Kalmia latifolia'' L. - Mountain Laurel , We, Wo*'' Vaccinium stamineum'' L. - Dewberry , We, Wo*''

Vaccinium vacillans ''Vaccinium pallidum'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common names hillside blueberry, Blue Ridge blueberry, late lowbush blueberry, and early lowbush blueberry. It is native to central Canada (Ontario) and the c ...

'' Torrey - Low Blueberry *

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

- (

Legume A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock f ...

Family) *'' Cercis canadensis'' L. - Redbud e*'' Robinia pseudoacacia'' L. - Black Locust , We, Wo*

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

- (

Beech Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engle ...

Family) *''

Castanea dentata The American chestnut (''Castanea dentata'') is a large, fast-growing deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. As is true of all species in genus Castanea, the American chestnut produces burred fruit with edible nuts. ...

'' (Marshall) Borkh. -

American Chestnut The American chestnut (''Castanea dentata'') is a large, fast-growing deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. As is true of all species in genus Castanea, the American chestnut produces burred fruit with edible nuts. ...

e, Wo 4, S2*'' Castanea mollissima'' Blume - Chinese Chestnut e*''

Castanea pumila ''Castanea pumila'', commonly known as the Allegheny chinquapin, American chinquapin (from the Powhatan) or dwarf chestnut, is a species of chestnut native to the southeastern United States. The native range is from Maryland and extreme souther ...

'' (L.) Miller - Chinquapin e, Wo*'' Quercus alba'' L. - White Oak ood, Wo*'' Quercus ilicifolia'' Wang. - Bear Oak e, Wo*'' Quercus marilandica'' Muenchh. -

Blackjack Oak ''Quercus marilandica'', the blackjack oak, is a small oak, one of the red oak group ''Quercus'' sect. ''Lobatae''. It is native to the eastern and central United States. Description ''Quercus marilandica'' is a small deciduous tree growing to ...

*'' Quercus montana'' Willd. - Chestnut oak e, Wo*'' Quercus prinoides'' Willd. -

Chinquapin Oak ''Quercus muehlenbergii'', the chinquapin (or chinkapin) oak, is a deciduous species of tree in the white oak group (''Quercus'' sect. ''Quercus''). The species was often called ''Quercus acuminata'' in older literature. ''Quercus muehlenbergii' ...

*''

Quercus rubra ''Quercus rubra'', the northern red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group (''Quercus'' section ''Lobatae''). It is a native of North America, in the eastern and central United States and southeast and south-central Canada. It has been introdu ...

'' L. - Northern Red Oak e*'' Quercus stellata'' Wang. - Post Oak

, Wo The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline o ...

*'' Quercus velutina'' Lam. - black oak

*''Quercus'' x ''bushii'' Sarg. - Oak Hamamelidaceae - ( Witch-hazel Family) *''

Hamamelis Witch-hazels or witch hazels (''Hamamelis'') are a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with three species in North America ('' H. ovalis'', '' H. virginiana'', and '' H. vernalis''), and one each in Japan ('' H.&nb ...

virginiana'' L. - Witch-hazel e Juglandaceae - ( Walnut Family) *'' Carya cordiformis'' (Wangenh.) K. Koch -

Bitternut Hickory ''Carya cordiformis'', the bitternut hickory, also called bitternut or swamp hickory, is a large pecan hickory with commercial stands located mostly north of the other pecan hickories. Bitternut hickory is cut and sold in mixture with the true h ...

e*'' Carya glabra'' (Miller) Sweet -

Pignut Hickory ''Carya glabra'', the pignut hickory, is a common, but not abundant species of hickory in the oak-hickory forest association in the Eastern United States and Canada. Other common names are pignut, sweet pignut, coast pignut hickory, smoothbark ...

o*'' Carya tomentosa'' (Lam.) Nutt. - Mockernut Hickory e, Wood, Wo*'' Juglans nigra'' L. -

Black Walnut ''Juglans nigra'', the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south t ...

e, Wo

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

- (Laurel Family) *''

Lindera benzoin ''Lindera benzoin'' (commonly called spicebush, common spicebush, northern spicebush, wild allspice, or Benjamin bush) is a shrub in the Lauraceae, laurel family, native to Eastern United States, eastern North America, ranging from Maine and New ...

'' Blume - Spicebush , R, We*'' Sassafras albidum'' (Nutt.) Nees - Sassafras

, R, We, Wo The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline o ...

Magnoliaceae - ( Magnolia Family) *''

Liriodendron tulipifera ''Liriodendron tulipifera''—known as the tulip tree, American tulip tree, tulipwood, tuliptree, tulip poplar, whitewood, fiddletree, and yellow-poplar—is the North American representative of the two-species genus ''Liriodendron'' (the other ...

'' L. - Tulip Tree, Yellow poplar e, Wo Platanaceae - (

Plane-tree ''Platanus'' is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae. All mature members of ''Platanus'' are tall, reaching in height. All except f ...

Family) *'' Platanus occidentalis'' L. - American Sycamore e

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

- ( Rose Family) *'' Amelanchier arborea'' (Michx.) Fern. - Downy Serviceberry , We*''

Physocarpus opulifolius ''Physocarpus opulifolius'', known as common ninebark, Eastern ninebark, Atlantic ninebark, or simply ninebark, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America. Description It is a mound-shaped deci ...

'' (L.) Maxim. -

Ninebark ''Physocarpus'', commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species). Description ''Physocarpus'' are deciduous shrubs with peeling bark

*'' Prunus cerasus'' L. - Sour Cherry e*'' Prunus pumila'' L. - Sand Cherry *'' Prunus pumila'' var. ''cuneata'' (Raf.) L.H. Bailey - Eastern Dwarf Cherry e *'' Prunus serotina'' Ehrh. - black cherry , We, Wo*''

Pyrus malus An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ' ...

'' L. - Apple , We*''

Rosa carolina ''Rosa carolina'', commonly known as the Carolina rose, pasture rose, or prairie rose, is a perennial shrub in the rose family native to eastern North America. It can be found in nearly all US states and Canadian provinces east of the Great Pla ...

'' L. - Pasture Rose e*''

Rosa multiflora ''Rosa multiflora'' — (syn. ''Rosa polyantha'') is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose, baby rose, Japanese rose, many-flowered rose, seven-sisters rose, Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, ...

'' Thunb. -

Multiflora Rose ''Rosa multiflora'' — ( syn. ''Rosa polyantha'') is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose, baby rose, Japanese rose, many-flowered rose, seven-sisters rose, Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, ...

e*''

Rosa virginiana ''Rosa virginiana'', commonly known as the Virginia rose, common wild rose or prairie rose, is a woody perennial in the rose family native to eastern North America, where it is the most common wild rose. It is deciduous, forming a suckering shr ...

'' Miller -

Virginia Rose ''Rosa virginiana'', commonly known as the Virginia rose, common wild rose or prairie rose, is a woody perennial in the rose family native to eastern North America, where it is the most common wild rose. It is deciduous, forming a suckering shru ...

, We*'' Rubus allegheniensis'' T.C. Porter - Common Blackberry *'' Rubus argutus'' Link. - Tall blackberry *''

Rubus cuneifolius ''Rubus cuneifolius'', the sand blackberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It occurs in the eastern United States in every coastal state from Louisiana to New Hampshire, with the exception of Rhode Island. The ...

'' Pursh - Sand Blackberry ood*''

Rubus flagellaris ''Rubus flagellaris'', the northern dewberry, also known as the common dewberry, is a North American species perennial subshrub species of dewberry, in the rose family. This dewberry is distributed across much of Canada, Mexico, and the United ...

'' Willd. - Common or Northern dewberry

*'' Rubus hispidus'' L. - Swamp Dewberry *'' Rubus idaeus'' L. - Red Raspberry *''

Rubus phoenicolasius ''Rubus phoenicolasius'' (Japanese wineberry, wine raspberry, wineberry or dewberry) is an Asian species of raspberry (''Rubus'' subgenus '' Idaeobatus'') in the rose family, native to China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to E ...

'' Maxim. - Wineberry e*''

Spiraea alba ''Spiraea alba'', commonly known as meadowsweet, white meadowsweet, narrowleaf meadowsweet, pale bridewort, or pipestem, is native to the wet soils of the Allegheny Mountains and other portions of eastern North America, but is currently endanger ...

'' Du Roi - Narrow-leaved meadow-sweet Salicaceae - ( Willow Family) *'' Populus deltoides'' Marsh. -

Eastern cottonwood ''Populus deltoides'', the eastern cottonwood or necklace poplar, is a cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States as well as the southern Canadian prairies, the southernm ...

ood*'' Populus grandidentata'' Michx. - Large-toothed aspen e, Wo*'' Populus tremuloides'' Michx. - Quaking Aspen e*'' Salix nigra'' Marshall -

Black Willow ''Salix nigra'', the black willow, is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas. Description ''Salix nigra'' is a medium-sized decid ...

o*''

Salix serissima ''Salix serissima'' is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names autumn willow and fall willow. It is native to North America, where it is distributed across much of Canada and the northern contiguous United Sta ...

'' (L.H. Bailey) Fern. - Autumn Willow o*'' Salix occidentalis'' Walter - Dwarf prairie willow , We, Wo Simaroubaceae - ( Quassia Family) *'' Ailanthus altissima'' (Mill.) Swingle -

Tree-of-heaven ''Ailanthus altissima'' , commonly known as tree of heaven, ailanthus, varnish tree, or in Chinese as ''chouchun'' (), is a deciduous tree in the family Simaroubaceae. It is native to northeast and central China, and Taiwan. Unlike other membe ...

o Vitaceae - ( Grape Family) *'' Parthenocissus quinquefolia'' (L.) Planch. -

Virginia Creeper ''Parthenocissus quinquefolia'', known as Virginia creeper, Victoria creeper, five-leaved ivy, or five-finger, is a species of flowering vine in the grape family, Vitaceae. It is native to eastern and central North America, from southeastern Ca ...

, R, We*'' Vitis rotundifolia'' Michx. -

Muscadines ''Vitis rotundifolia'', or muscadine, is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States. The growth range extends from Florida to New Jersey coast, and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. It has been extensively ...

;Class Liliopsida ( Monocotyledons) Smilacaceae - ( Greenbrier Family) *''

Smilax glauca ''Smilax glauca'', the cat greenbriar or catbriar is a woody vine in the family Smilacaceae. It is native to central and eastern portions of the United States, where it is a common and conspicuous part of the forest vegetation. It is also common ...

'' Walt. - Glaucous Greenbrier

*''

Smilax hispida ''Smilax tamnoides,'' common name bristly greenbrier, is a North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to t ...

'' Muhl. - Bristly Greenbrier o*''

Smilax rotundifolia ''Smilax rotundifolia'', also known as roundleaf greenbrier or common greenbrier, is a woody vine native to the southeastern and eastern United States and eastern Canada. It is a common and conspicuous part of the natural forest ecosystems in m ...

'' L. - Common Greenbrier

----

References

*''Ongoing Survey List of Plants of Soldier's Delight.

*Brown, Russell G., and Melvin L. Brown. 1972. ''Woody Plants of Maryland.'' Port City Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 347 pages. *Davis, Charles A. 2004. ''List of Plants of Soldier's Delight.'' (Unpublished). * Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein. 1995. ''Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area.'' The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 312 pages. *Gleason, Henry A., and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. ''Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada.'' (Second Edition) The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 910 pages. *Google Hybrid Map. 2006. Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center

*Holmgren, Noel H. 1998. ''Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada.'' The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 937 pages. *Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2003. ''Explanation of Rank and Status Codes.'

*Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2004. ''Current and Historical Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland.'

* Monteferrante, Frank. 1973. ''A Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland.'' Towson State College, Towson, Maryland. * Reed, Clyde F. 1984. ''Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations.'' Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland. * e Wennerstrom, Jack. 1995. ''Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem.'' University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg and London, 247 pages. * o Worthley, Elmer G. (1955-1985) ''List of Plants of Soldier's Delight.'' Unpublished. * ood Wood, Sarah G. 1984. ''Mineral Element Composition of Forest Communities and Soils at Soldiers Delight, Maryland.'' Towson State University, Towson, Marland.

External links

Maryland Dept. Natural Resources — "Guide to the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area"
{{Flora of the United States by political division, state=expanded Lists of flora of Maryland, Soldiers Delight .Soldiers Delight Soldiers Delight related

List of woody plants of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area

Division Pinophyta ( Gymnosperms)

Division Magnoliophyta ( Angiosperms)

See also

References

External links