Unmanned aerial vehicles
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controlle ...
(UAVs), or drones, have frequently been involved in military operations. Non-military UAVs have often been reported as causing hazards to aircraft, or to people or property on the ground. Safety concerns have been raised due to the potential for an ingested drone to rapidly disable an aircraft engine,
and several near-misses and verified collisions have involved hobbyist drone operators flying in violation of aviation safety regulations.
Historical events involving UAVs
;1981: The Israeli IAI Scout drone was operated in combat missions by the South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: ''Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag'') comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence F ...
against Angola during Operation Protea
Operation Protea was a military operation during the South African Border War and Angolan Civil War in which South African Defence Forces (SADF) destroyed a number of South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) bases in Angola. During the ...
.[''Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Robotic Air Warfare 1917–2007'', By Steven Zaloga, Osprey Publishing, 19 July 2011, page 22]
;1982: UAVs operated by the Israeli Air Force
The Israeli Air Force (IAF; he, זְרוֹעַ הָאֲוִיר וְהֶחָלָל, Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, tl, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as , ''Kheil HaAvir'', "Air Corps") operates as the aerial warfare branch of the Israel Defens ...
are instrumental during Operation Mole Cricket 19
Operation Mole Cricket 19 ( he , מבצע ערצב-19, ''Mivtza ʻArtzav Tsha-Esreh'') was a suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) campaign launched by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) against Syrian targets on June 9, 1982, at the outset of the 1 ...
, where both IAI Scout and Tadiran Mastiff
The Tadiran Mastiff is a battlefield UAV built by Tadiran Electronic Industries, regarded by some military historians as the world's first modern military drone.The ''Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military Hi ...
are used to identify SAM sites, while Samson decoy UAVs are used to activate and confuse Syrian radar.
;Persian Gulf War
The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
: Iraqi Army forces surrendered to the UAVs of the .
;October 2002: a few days before the U.S. Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
vote on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, about 75 senators were told in closed session
An executive session is a term for any block within an otherwise open meeting (often of a board of directors or other deliberative assembly) in which minutes are taken separately or not at all, outsiders are not present, and the contents of the dis ...
that Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutio ...
had the means of delivering biological and chemical weapons
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a ...
of mass destruction by UAVs that could be launched from ships off the Atlantic coast to attack U.S. eastern seaboard cities. Colin Powell suggested in his presentation to the United Nations that they had been transported out of Iraq and could be launched against the U.S. It was later revealed that Iraq's UAV fleet consisted of only a few outdated Czech training drones. At the time, there was a vigorous dispute within the intelligence community as to whether the CIA's conclusions about Iraqi UAVs were accurate. The U.S. Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Sign ...
, the agency most familiar with UAVs, denied outright that Iraq possessed any offensive UAV capability.
;3 November 2002:The first US targeted UAV killing outside the conventional battlefield took place in the Marib district of Yemen. Six alleged terrorists were killed in their SUV by a UAV-fired missile. The command centre was in Tampa, Florida, USA.
;December 2002: The first ever dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft conducted at close range. Dogfighting first occurred in Mexico in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. Until at least 1992, it was a component in every majo ...
involving a UAV occurred when an Iraqi MiG-25
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-25; NATO reporting name: Foxbat) is a supersonic interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft that is among the fastest military aircraft to enter service. Designed by th ...
and a U.S. RQ-1 Predator
The General Atomics MQ-1 Predator (often referred to as the predator drone) is an American remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) built by General Atomics that was used primarily by the United States Air Force (USAF) and Central Intelligence Agency ...
fired missiles at each other. The MiG's missile destroyed the Predator.
;September 2011:The U.S. deployed UAVs in Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
to search for and kill Anwar al-Awlaki
Anwar Nasser al-Awlaki (also spelled al-Aulaqi, al-Awlaqi; ar, أنور العولقي, Anwar al-‘Awlaqī; April 21 or 22, 1971 – September 30, 2011) was an American imam who was killed in 2011 in Yemen by a U.S. government drone strik ...
, an American and Yemeni imam, firing at and failing to kill him at least once before he was killed in a UAV-launched missile attack in Yemen on 30 September 2011. The targeted killing of an American citizen was unprecedented. However, nearly nine years earlier in 2002, U.S. citizen Kemal Darwish was one of six men killed by the first UAV strike outside a war zone, in Yemen.
;December 2011: Iran captured a United States' RQ-170 unmanned aerial vehicle that flew over Iran and rejected President Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the ...
's request to return it to the US. Iranian officials claim to have recovered data from the U.S. surveillance aircraft. However, it is not clear how Iran brought it down. There have also been claims that Iran spoofed the GPS signal used by the UAV[Horgen, John (March 2013]
Unmanned Flight
National Geographic, Retrieved 20 February 2013 and hijacked it into landing on an Iranian runway.
Verified aircraft collisions
;21 September 2017: A civilian UAV collided with a Black Hawk helicopter in the evening over the eastern shore of Staten Island, New York City, United States. The helicopter was one of two with the 82nd Airborne Division flying out of Fort Bragg on duty for the United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Curr ...
.[ The helicopters were able to continue flying and landed at ]Linden Airport
Linden Airport is a mile southeast of downtown Linden, in Union County, New Jersey. Also known as Linden Municipal Airport, it is next to U.S. Route 1&9. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a gene ...
.[ Nobody was hurt, but part of the UAV was found at the bottom of the main rotor system.][
:In December 2017 the National Transportation Safety Board issued an accident report into the collision, finding the pilot of the UAV at fault.] The UAV operator deliberately flew the UAV 2.5 miles away from himself and was unaware of the helicopters' presence.[ The operator did not know of the collision until contacted by the NTSB and when interviewed by them showed only a general cursory awareness of the regulations.][ There was also a ]temporary flight restriction
The Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) are rules prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) governing all aviation activities in the United States. The FARs comprise Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). A wide variety ...
in place, which allowed the Black Hawk but not the UAV.[ UAVs are prohibited from flying beyond the line of sight under FAA regulations.][
;12 October 2017: A Beech King Air A100 of Skyjet Aviation collided with a ]UAV
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controlle ...
as the former was approaching Jean Lesage Airport
Jean may refer to:
People
* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)
Fictional characters
* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations
* Jean ...
near Quebec City
Quebec City ( or ; french: Ville de Québec), officially Québec (), is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the metropolitan area had a population of 839,311. It is t ...
, Canada. The aircraft landed safely despite being hit on the wing.[ The aircraft had flown from ]Rouyn-Noranda Airport
Rouyn-Noranda Airport is located east southeast of Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into ...
to Rouyn-Noranda Airport with six passengers and two crew.[ A spokeswoman for Quebec City Police said that neither the UAV nor the operator had been found.][ It had been flying at 1500 feet – five times the maximum altitude that UAVs are permitted to fly in Canada.][ Regulations banning the flying of UAVs near airports had been introduced earlier in 2017.][ ]Minister of Transport
A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government a ...
Marc Garneau
Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau (born February 23, 1949) is a Canadian politician, retired Royal Canadian Navy officer and former astronaut who served as a Cabinet minister from 2015 to 2021. A member of the Liberal Party, Garneau was the mini ...
released a statement saying "Although the vast majority of drone operators fly responsibly, it was our concern for incidents like this that prompted me to take action and issue interim safety measures restricting where recreational drones could be flown. I would like to remind drone operators that endangering the safety of an aircraft is extremely dangerous and a serious offence."[
;10 August 2018: A ]hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries ...
carrying a certified pilot and two passengers was struck by a drone while flying near the Teton County Fairgrounds in Driggs, Idaho
Driggs is a city in the western United States in eastern Idaho, and is the county seat of Teton County. Part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, it is located in Teton Valley, the headwaters of the Teton River. The populatio ...
, United States. The drone fell to earth and was destroyed after its rotors were sheared off by contact with the balloon's envelope and load lines; the balloon suffered no significant damage and landed safely with no injuries to the pilot or passengers. The inexperienced hobbyist drone operator reportedly lost sight of the balloon in the aircraft's monitor and was operating within 5mi (8km) of Driggs–Reed Memorial Airport without notifying air traffic control
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airs ...
, a violation of Federal Aviation Regulations
The Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) are rules prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) governing all aviation activities in the United States. The FARs comprise Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). A wide variety ...
; the balloon pilot had relied on radio communication with nearby manned aircraft and air traffic control to avoid other air traffic. The balloon pilot chose to report the incident to the National Transportation Safety Board in lieu of notifying the local sheriff's department, stating that she hoped "this incident helps create a conversation of respect for nature, the airspace, and rules and regulations." The incident is currently under investigation. This is the first-ever recorded mid-air collision
In aviation, a mid-air collision is an accident in which two or more aircraft come into unplanned contact during flight. Owing to the relatively high velocities involved and the likelihood of subsequent impact with the ground or sea, very sever ...
between a UAV and a hot air balloon.[
; 10 August 2021: A ]Cessna 172
The Cessna 172 Skyhawk is an American four-seat, single-engine, high wing, fixed-wing aircraft made by the Cessna Aircraft Company.[York Regional Police
The York Regional Police (YRP) are a law enforcement organization that serves over 1.1 million residents in the York Region of Ontario, Canada, located north of Toronto. YRP was formed in 1971 from the police forces maintained by the nine municip ...](_blank ...<br></span></div> of Canadian Flyers International Inc. registered as C-GKWL collided with a drone operated by the <div class=)
while on approach to Buttonville Municipal Airport. The Cessna landed without incident and suffered major damage, including a bent airbox, a damaged engine cowling and a propeller strike.
Alleged aircraft collisions
;17 April 2016: The pilot of British Airways
British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in London, England, near its main hub at Heathrow Airport.
The airline is the second largest UK-based carrier, based on fleet size and passengers ...
flight BA727 reported a collision with a UAV to Metropolitan Police. The Airbus A320
The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the famil ...
was approaching Heathrow Airport when the collision happened.[ None of the 132 passengers or 5 crew were injured.][ After an inspection by engineers, the aircraft was cleared to take off for its next flight.][
:Members of the British government as well as the Labour Party and ]BALPA
The British Airline Pilots’ Association (BALPA) is the professional association and registered trade union for UK pilots. BALPA represents the views and interests of pilots, campaigning on contractual, legal and health issues affecting its m ...
called for urgent action, including a register of drone users and geo-fencing of airports.
:In late April 2016, Transport Secretary
The Secretary of State for Transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent i ...
Patrick McLoughlin told MPs that experts believed that the incident was not related to UAVs. There was no damage to the aircraft and it wasn't clear if it was a plastic bag rather than a UAV.[ An investigation by the ]Air Accidents Investigation Branch
The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) investigates civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and crown dependencies. It is also the Space Accident Investigation Authority (SAIA ...
had been closed due to a lack of evidence.[ Police had searched a "wide area" of ]Richmond
Richmond most often refers to:
* Richmond, Virginia, the capital of Virginia, United States
* Richmond, London, a part of London
* Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town in England
* Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada
* Richmond, California, ...
and found nothing.[
;13 December 2018: The crew of an ]Aeroméxico
Aerovías de México, S.A. de C.V. () operating as Aeroméxico (; stylized as AM), is the flag carrier airline of Mexico, based in Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to more than 90 destinations in Mexico; North, South and Central Ame ...
Boeing 737-800
The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as 737NG, or 737 Next Gen, is a narrow-body aircraft powered by two jet engines and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Launched in 1993 as the third generation derivative of the Boein ...
operating as Flight 773 heard a "pretty loud bang" on approach to Tijuana International Airport
General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport ( es, Aeropuerto Internacional General Abelardo L. Rodríguez) or simply Tijuana International Airport ( es, Aeropuerto Internacional de Tijuana), , in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, is ...
, and after a safe landing, the nose of the aircraft was found to be damaged. The airline has not positively determined the cause, but the incident is being investigated as a drone strike.
Aircraft near-miss incidents
Austria
;August 2016: A rescue helicopter carrying a car crash victim to Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16. Jänner 2008, Stück 1, Nr. 1: ''Gesetz vom 25. Oktober 2007, mit dem die Kärntner Landesverfassung und das Klagenfurter Stadtrecht 1998 geändert werden.'/ref> (; ; sl, Celovec), usually ...
Hospital, had to take evasive action when a UAV flew within metres of it. Local police were unable to determine who was operating it.[
]
Canada
;March 2014:A remote-controlled helicopter was reported by the crew of a Boeing 777
The Boeing 777, commonly referred to as the Triple Seven, is an American long-range wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet.
The 777 was designed to bridge the gap betw ...
flying 30 metres from their craft at Vancouver International Airport
Vancouver International Airport is an international airport located on Sea Island in Richmond, British Columbia, serving the city of Vancouver and the Lower Mainland region. It is located from Downtown Vancouver. It is the second busie ...
.[
;April 2014:Video taken from a camera on board a UAV showed the UAV flying close to an airliner as it landed at the same airport.] A Transport Canada
Transport Canada (french: Transports Canada) is the department within the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada. It is part of the Transporta ...
spokesman said his department and the RCMP
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; french: Gendarmerie royale du Canada; french: GRC, label=none), commonly known in English as the Mounties (and colloquially in French as ) is the federal and national police service of Canada. As poli ...
were investigating.[
;July 2016:]Edmonton
Edmonton ( ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city ancho ...
police helicopter Air 1 was responding to a call downtown when the pilot saw a white quadcopter with red lights approaching. A flight crew member said that a collision "could have been catastrophic and potentially fatal for both crew members of Air 1".[ ]Transport Canada
Transport Canada (french: Transports Canada) is the department within the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada. It is part of the Transporta ...
had been made aware of the incident and Edmonton Police Service
The Edmonton Police Service (EPS) is the municipal police force for the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific O ...
said there was a criminal investigation into the events as well as possible charges under the Aeronautics Act.[
]
China
In January 2017 a 23-year-old UAV operator from Xiaoshan
Xiaoshan is one of ten urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, East China. Xiaoshan was formerly a city in its own right, separated by the Qiantang River from Hangzhou proper, but the municipal ...
was detained because of footage taken from a drone flying near airliners descending to land at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport. The incident came to light when footage was uploaded to QQ.[ This was an eight-second clip from a ten-minute recording taken from an altitude of 450m.][ The operator had flown it to photograph a sunset, but had also recorded several airliners flying past.][ The model used was a DJI Mavic and the manufacturer strongly condemned the incident.][
]
France
;February 2016: A UAV came within 5m of an Air France
Air France (; formally ''Société Air France, S.A.''), stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the flag carrier of France headquartered in Tremblay-en-France. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global a ...
A320
The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the famil ...
flight from Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
to Charles de Gaulle Airport
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (french: Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, ), also known as Roissy Airport or simply Paris CDG, is the principal airport serving the French capital, Paris ( and its metropolitan area), and the largest intern ...
. The aircraft was at an altitude of 1600m when the pilot saw the UAV to the planes' port, disengaged the autopilot and took evasive action.[ The has initiated the first French inquiry into a near miss involving a UAV.][
]
New Zealand
;March 2018: A UAV came within 5m of an Air New Zealand
Air New Zealand Limited () is the flag carrier airline of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 20 domestic and 30 international destinations in 18 countries, primarily around and within the Pacif ...
Boeing 777-200
The Boeing 777, commonly referred to as the Triple Seven, is an American long-range wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet.
The 777 was designed to bridge the gap betw ...
on final approach
In aeronautics, the final approach (also called the final leg and final approach leg) is the last leg in an aircraft's approach to landing, when the aircraft is lined up with the runway and descending for landing.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of ...
to Auckland Airport
Auckland Airport is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 21 million passengers in the year ended March 2019. The airport is located near Māngere, a residential suburb, and Airport Oaks, a service hub suburb south of th ...
on 25 March 2018. The pilots spotted the UAV as the aircraft was at a point in its descent where it was not possible to take evasive action and they initially feared it would be sucked into an engine.[ Flight NZ92, which flew from Tokyo to Auckland, was unharmed.][ The identity of the UAV controller is unknown.][ Air New Zealand called for tougher laws to prevent the reckless use of UAVs near airports and prison terms for operators who endanger lives.][ Under current laws operators who breach civil aviation rules can be fined up to NZ$5000.][
]
Poland
;21 July 2015: A Lufthansa plane landing at Warsaw Chopin Airport
Warsaw Chopin Airport ( pl, Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie, ) is an international airport in the Włochy district of Warsaw, Poland. It is Poland's busiest airport with 18.9 million passengers in 2019, thus handling approximately 40% of t ...
nearly collided with a drone. The drone came in within 100 m of the plane, at an altitude of 760 m, 5 km away from the airport, near Piaseczno
Piaseczno is a town in east-central Poland with 47,660 inhabitants.
It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, just south of Warsaw, approximately south of its center. It is a popular residential area and ...
.
United Kingdom
;October 2014:It was reported that a UAV had flown within 25 metres of an ATR 72
The ATR 72 is a twin-engine turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and produced in France and Italy by aircraft manufacturer ATR (french: Avions de transport régional or it, Aerei da Trasporto Regionale), a joint venture formed ...
passenger airliner on 30 May 2014. The aircraft was approaching London Southend Airport
London Southend Airport is an international airport situated on the outskirts of Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England, approximately from the centre of London. The airport straddles the boundaries between the city of Southend-on-Sea and the R ...
and about to intercept the ILS glide slope when the copilot reported seeing a small craft flying about 100 m to the right of the aircraft.[ The co-pilot and Air Traffic Controller agreed it was probably a quadcopter – it was seen flying as close as 25 m to the aircraft.][ Southend ATC couldn't detect the craft on radar – subsequent examination of radar from other sites produced several brief but inconclusive radar signals.][ Police were contacted, but the operator of the UAV could not be found.][
;December 2014:Investigators confirmed that they were investigating claims that a UAV came about 20 feet of an ]Airbus A320
The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the famil ...
landing at Heathrow
Heathrow Airport (), called ''London Airport'' until 1966 and now known as London Heathrow , is a major international airport in London, England. It is the largest of the six international airports in the London airport system (the others bei ...
on 22 July. The A320 was 700 feet from landing when the craft passed 20 feet over the left wing of the aircraft – they did not collide.[ Despite an investigation and cooperation of remote-control model aircraft club members, the operator of the aircraft could not be identified.][ The incident was given an A rating, meaning that there had been a serious risk of collision.][
;April 2015:A ]Westland Lynx
The Westland Lynx is a British multi-purpose twin-engined military helicopter designed and built by Westland Helicopters at its factory in Yeovil. Originally intended as a utility craft for both civil and naval usage, military interest led t ...
flying over Hambrook
Hambrook is a village in South Gloucestershire, England, situated on the north-eastern outskirts of the city of Bristol. It lies between the larger communities of Winterbourne and Frenchay and is part of the Civil Parish of Winterbourne.
A sm ...
had to take evasive action to avoid a UAV that passed one rotor span from the side of the helicopter.
;June 2015:An autogyro flying over Detling
Detling is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Maidstone in Kent, England. The parish is located on the slope of the North Downs, north east of Maidstone, and on the Pilgrims' Way.
History and features
The ''Cock Horse Inn'' was used ...
, Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
encountered a UAV at an altitude of 450 metres.[ The UAV was 20m from the autogyro and the pilot considered the risk of collision high.][
;July 2015:Both crew members of an RJ1 saw a UAV at an altitude of 1200m over Detling, Kent.][ As it would not be visible from the ground, the United Kingdom Airprox Board concluded that it was impossible for it to be flown legally under those circumstances.][
;July 2015:A BE200 aircraft was approaching ]Southampton Airport
Southampton Airport is an international airport located in both Eastleigh and Southampton, Hampshire in the United Kingdom. The airport is located north-north-east of central Southampton. The southern tip of the runway lies within the Sou ...
when a UAV passed within two wing lengths of it.[ Investigators concluded that chance played a large role in the vehicles not colliding.][
;July 2015:A ]Dornier 328
The Dornier 328 is a turboprop-powered commuter airliner. Initially produced by Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH, the firm was acquired in 1996 by Fairchild Aircraft. The resulting firm, named Fairchild-Dornier, manufactured the 328 family in Oberpfaffen ...
was on final approach to Manchester Airport at 850m when a blue UAV was spotted.[ Investigators concluded that the UAV was not permitted to be in that space.][
;September 2015:A ]Boeing 737
The Boeing 737 is a narrow-body aircraft produced by Boeing at its Boeing Renton Factory, Renton Factory in Washington (state), Washington.
Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the twinjet retains the Boeing 707, 7 ...
had a near miss shortly after takeoff from London Stansted Airport
London Stansted Airport is a tertiary international airport serving London, England, United Kingdom. It is located near Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, England, northeast of Central London.
London Stansted serves over 160 destinations ac ...
, leaving the pilot no time to react.[
;September 2015:A UAV came within 20m of an ]Embraer 170
The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast narrow-body short- to medium-range twin-engine jet airliners designed and produced by the Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer.
The E-Jet was designed as a complement to the preceding E ...
over the Houses of Parliament
The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parliament, the Palace lies on the north ban ...
as the latter aircraft was on approach to London City Airport
London City Airport is a regional airport in London, England. It is located in the Royal Docks in the Borough of Newham, approximately east of the City of London and east of Canary Wharf. These are the twin centres of London's financial ...
.[
;September 2015:Shortly after a ]Boeing 777
The Boeing 777, commonly referred to as the Triple Seven, is an American long-range wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet.
The 777 was designed to bridge the gap betw ...
had taken off from Heathrow Airport, a UAV passed within 25 metres of the jet at the same height.[
;September 2015:An Airbus A319 was landing at Heathrow Airport at 150m when a UAV was seen about 23m to the left and 6m above the airliner.][
;October 2015:A ]Dornier 328
The Dornier 328 is a turboprop-powered commuter airliner. Initially produced by Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH, the firm was acquired in 1996 by Fairchild Aircraft. The resulting firm, named Fairchild-Dornier, manufactured the 328 family in Oberpfaffen ...
was taking off from Manchester Airport when a UAV passed 15m from the left wing tip when the latter was at 900m, leading the pilot to conclude there was a high risk of collision.[
;October 2015:A ]Piper PA-28 Cherokee
The Piper PA-28 Cherokee is a family of two-seat or four-seat light aircraft built by Piper Aircraft and designed for flight training, air taxi and personal use.Plane and Pilot: ''1978 Aircraft Directory'', pages 62–64. Werner & Werner Corp, ...
was flying near Otherton Airfield, Staffordshire, when a UAV passed about 6m from the wing tip.[
;March 2016:]BALPA
The British Airline Pilots’ Association (BALPA) is the professional association and registered trade union for UK pilots. BALPA represents the views and interests of pilots, campaigning on contractual, legal and health issues affecting its m ...
called for tests to determine the possible outcomes of UAVs colliding with passenger aircraft.[
;August 2016: An ]East Anglian Air Ambulance
The East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA) is an air ambulance providing Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) across the English counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. The appeal to fund the service was launched in ...
Eurocopter EC145
The Eurocopter EC145 (now Airbus Helicopters H145) is a twin-engine light utility helicopter developed and manufactured by Airbus Helicopters. Originally designated as the ''BK 117'', the H145 is based upon the MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 C1, which ...
narrowly avoided a collision with a drone over north London at 7:45 PM on August 26. The drone passed within 30m of the air ambulance and was seen by the crew.[ Investigators found there was a high risk of the helicopter and UAV coming into contact, endangering the helicopter.][ The UAV was also being operated over a built-up area without Civil Aerial Authority permission and the incident was classed in the highest risk category, A.][ ]Prince William
William, Prince of Wales, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the heir apparent to the British throne. He is the elder son of King Charles III and his first wife Diana, Princess of Wales.
Born in London, William was educa ...
regularly flies the helicopter but was not on duty at the time of the incident.[
;November 2016: An ]EasyJet
EasyJet plc (styled as easyJet) is a British multinational low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport. It operates domestic and international scheduled services on 927 routes in more than 34 countries via its affiliate airli ...
aircraft landing at Edinburgh Airport narrowly avoided colliding with a UAV flying at the same altitude by 23m. The Airprox Board said a collision had only been avoided "by providence".[
;May 2017: A ]Loganair
Loganair is a Scottish regional airline based at Glasgow Airport near Paisley, Scotland. It is the largest regional airline in the UK by passenger numbers and fleet size.
In addition to its main base at Glasgow, it has hubs at Aberdeen, Edinb ...
flight descending into Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh Airport is an airport located in the Ingliston area of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was the busiest airport in Scotland in 2019, handling over 14.7 million passengers. It was also the sixth-busiest airport in the United Kingdom by ...
had to take evasive action when the crew saw a UAV about 20-30m from the aircraft at an altitude of 4,000 feet. The flight from Shetland landed safely.[ Police believe the UAV was operated from ]Bathgate
Bathgate ( sco, Bathket or , gd, Both Chèit) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, west of Livingston, Scotland, Livingston and adjacent to the M8 motorway (Scotland), M8 motorway. Nearby towns are Armadale, West Lothian, Armadale, Blackburn, ...
or Armadale.[
;3 July 2017: ]Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport (), also known as London Gatwick , is a major international airport near Crawley, West Sussex, England, south of Central London. In 2021, Gatwick was the third-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after H ...
closed its runway because of a UAV flying nearby. The runway was closed for one period of nine minutes, then another of five minutes.[ EasyJet said four of its flights were diverted and British Airways said one of its flights had been diverted to Bournemouth.][ Sussex Police are investigating.][
;9 July 2017: An Airbus 319 was preparing to land when a UAV appeared and flew over the aircraft's starboard wing.] The UAV was initially thought to be a bird, appearing as a small dark object due to twilight conditions at 20:35 BST.[ At the closest point of approach, the drone appeared between the wing tip and fuselage, above the starboard wing.][ The aircraft landed safely and Gatwick Airport police were involved.][ A UK Airprox Board report into the incident said there was a high risk of collision and that "A larger aircraft might not have missed it and in the captain's opinion, it had put 130 lives at risk.".][ The report also said the UAV was "very large, certainly not a toy", had four blades, and estimated that the drone was about three metres across.][ The report said that the estimated distance and pilots' inability to avoid the UAV "portrayed a situation where providence had played a major part" in avoiding an accident.][ Former pilot Stephen Landells said it was a "worrying near-miss that could have ended in tragedy".][ Mr Landells also said that BALPA wanted to see details of proposed legislation for drone registration and a timeline for said registration.][
]
United States
;March 2013:An Alitalia
Alitalia - Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A., operating as Alitalia (), was an Italian airline which was once the flag carrier and largest airline of Italy. The company had its head office in Fiumicino, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. The ai ...
pilot on final approach to runway 31 right at John F. Kennedy International Airport
John F. Kennedy International Airport (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport, Kennedy Airport, New York-JFK, or simply JFK) is the main international airport serving New York City. The airport is the busiest of the seven airports in the Avia ...
reported seeing a small UAV near his aircraft. Both the FAA and FBI were reported to be investigating.[
;22 March 2014:]US Airways
US Airways (formerly USAir) was a major United States airline that operated from 1937 until its merger with American Airlines in 2015. It was originally founded in Pittsburgh as a mail delivery airline called All American Aviation, which soon ...
Flight 4650 nearly collided with a drone while landing at Tallahassee Regional Airport. The plane, a Bombardier CRJ200
The Bombardier CRJ100 and CRJ200 (previously Canadair CRJ100 and CRJ200) is a regional jet designed and manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace between 1991 and 2006, the first of the Bombardier CRJ family.
The ''Canadair Regional Jet'' (CRJ) ...
, was at an altitude of when it came dangerously close to the drone, described by one of the pilots "as a camouflaged F-4 fixed-wing aircraft that was quite small". Jim Williams, head of the UAV office at the Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
, said: "The risk for a small rone
Rone is the pseudonym of Tyrone Wright (born 1980), an internationally renowned street artist based in Melbourne, Australia.
History
Rone grew up in the city of Geelong, Victoria, before moving to Melbourne in 2001. In 2002, he started dec ...
to be ingested into a passenger airline engine is very real." The Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, ...
was investigating the incident, which was the first known instance of a large airliner nearly colliding with a drone in the U.S. However, the authenticity of this report is under dispute.
;5 December 2015:A California Highway Patrol
The California Highway Patrol (CHP) is a state law enforcement agency of the U.S. state of California. The CHP has primary patrol jurisdiction over all California highways and roads and streets outside city limits, and can exercise law enforcem ...
helicopter in Martinez, California
Martinez ( Spanish: ''Martínez'') is a city and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's popul ...
was working with local police when they spotted the lights of a UAV. They were flying between seven and eight hundred feet and the UAV was about the same height.[ The helicopter banked to evade it, but the UAV passed by it.][ The helicopter followed the UAV to where it landed and called local police to find the operator.][ The CHP asked UAV operators to be careful about flying.][ The incident has been passed to the ]Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
for investigation.[ According to the operator of the UAV, it was flying on autopilot because of a lost radio signal.] The operator was cooperating with FAA, police and Caltrans and has offered an apology to the helicopter pilot.[
;March 2016: A Lufthansa ]Airbus A380
The Airbus A380 is a large wide-body airliner that was developed and produced by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner and only full-length double-deck jet airliner.
Airbus studies started in 1988, and the project was annou ...
reported a near miss as it approached Los Angeles International Airport. The airliner was at an elevation of 5000 feet and about 14 miles east of the airport when the UAV flew 200 feet over it.[ Police searched for the UAV pilot, though they admitted the search would be a long shot.][
;2018: A video posted to ]YouTube
YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...
featured footage filmed by a drone hovering above an approaching Frontier Airlines Airbus A320
The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the famil ...
. The airport was identified as McCarran International Airport and the UAV may have taken off from a parking lot near Whitney Mesa Nature Preserve to the east of the airport.[ Both The Academy of Model Aeronautics and ]Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International
The Association for Uncrewed Vehicle Systems International, also known as AUVSI, is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting and supporting the unmanned systems and robotics industry through communication, education and lea ...
condemned the video.[ The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating the incident.][
]
Accidents and incidents
UAVs have historically had a much higher loss rate than manned military aircraft. In addition to anti-aircraft weapons, UAVs are vulnerable to power and communications link losses.
Australia
;October 2013:A UAV crash landed onto train tracks on the Sydney Harbour Bridge
The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel through arch bridge in Sydney, spanning Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour from the Sydney central business district, central business district (CBD) to the North Shore (Sydney), North Shore. The view of the bridg ...
, where it was found and retrieved by a Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the operator of the suburban passenger rail network serving the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core that covers over of track and 170 ...
conductor. Confused platform workers inspected the UAV, with concern that it may have been a weapon.[ The ]Civil Aviation Safety Authority
The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) is the Australian national authority for the regulation of civil aviation. Although distinct from the government, it reports to the Federal Minister for Infrastructure and Transport.
CASA is responsibl ...
(CASA) started an investigation, and the police began searching for the pilot. The pilot was testing new UAV equipment when the camera mounting failed in mid-flight, and the UAV began to return to its GPS starting point.[ The UAV collided with the corner of a building and then a Sydney Harbour Bridge pylon,][ and the pilot presumed it to have been lost to the waters of ]Port Jackson
Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea ...
.[ After seeing media stories of a "mystery drone" colliding with the nearby bridge, the pilot contacted aviation authorities and Sydney police. The police found the situation to be unsuspicious and returned the craft to the pilot.][
;April 2014:A ]triathlete
A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of Swimming (sport), swimming, Cycle sport, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the t ...
was injured in an incident involving a drone that was filming a race. She claimed that the drone collided with her and said "''the ambulance crew took a piece of propeller from my head''".[ The owner of the UAV claimed that the athlete had been injured when she was frightened by the falling UAV and tripped.][ Timing equipment caused interference with the operation of the UAV while it was close to people on the ground.] In November 2014, the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions stated that the evidence showed that the drone had crashed into the triathlete who sustained head injuries as a result. However taking into account the young age and antecedents of the drone operator the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions chose not to proceed with a charge against the operator and handed the matter back to CASA. CASA subsequently fined the operator $1,700 for flying the drone within 30 metres of people.
;February 2016:A recreational drone pilot crashed their drone, a DJI Phantom, during a ceremony at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. No one was injured. The drone reportedly landed near the Memorial's Director, and former defence minister, Brendan Nelson, who picked it up and subsequently handed it to security staff. Following a Civil Aviation and Safety Authority (CASA) investigation the drone pilot was fined $900, which according to a CASA spokesman, closed the matter.
Canada
;June 2016:Stephanie Creignou was attending a 5K run
The 5K run is a long-distance road running competition over a distance of . Also referred to as the 5K road race, 5 km, or simply 5K, it is the shortest of the most common road running distances. It is usually distinguished from the 5000 me ...
in Beloeil, Quebec when a DJI Phantom 3 fell and hit her on the head. She was taken to hospital where she was diagnosed with whiplash
Whiplash may refer to:
* The long flexible part of a whip
* Whiplash (medicine), a neck injury
** Whiplash Injury Protection System (WHIPS), in automobiles
Film and television
* ''Whiplash'' (1948 film), a US film noir about a boxer
* ''Whiplas ...
.[ As of 22 June she was still out of work and had had to cancel a holiday with her husband.][ Rosaire Turcotte, who operated the UAV that crashed, said he couldn't understand how it happened and that he'd acted safely.][ The incident was caught by a camera on a different UAV, one owned by VTOL-X drones, who had been hired to cover the event.][ Flavio Martenkowski, CEO of VTOL-X, said he's spoken to Turcotte about the danger of flying so near to a crowd just before the crash.][ The ]Transportation Safety Board of Canada
The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB, french: Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada, BST), officially the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board (french: link=no, Bureau canadien d'enquête sur les ...
has opened an investigation into the crash.[
]
France
;October 2013:A tourist was arrested in Paris and fined 400 euro for "operating an aircraft non-compliant with safety laws".
;October and November 2014:Unidentified UAVs were seen flying near 13 nuclear power plants. The Secretariat-General for National Defence and Security issued a statement that the flights were an "organized provocation".[
;March 2016:A UAV with a wingspan of 3m went out of control and was pursued by two Belgian F-16 fighter aircraft.] When it flew into French airspace it was pursued by French Rafale
The Dassault Rafale (, literally meaning "gust of wind", and "burst of fire" in a more military sense) is a French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation. Equipped with a wide rang ...
fighters for two hours until it crashed in a field near Dizy-le-Gros.[ It had been built by the ]Flemish Institute for Technological Research The Flemish institute for technological research ( nl, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek or VITO), is an independent Flemish research organisation that provides scientific advice and technological innovations that facilitate the transi ...
and had taken off from Weelde Air Base
Weelde Air Base is a NATO reserve airfield located in Weelde, a village in the Ravels municipality in Belgium. It is operated by the Belgian Air Component
The Belgian Air Component ( nl, Luchtcomponent, french: Composante air) is the air arm ...
.[
]
India
;May 2014: Francescos' Pizza of Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
made a test delivery from a branch in Lower Parel
Lower Parel (Pronunciation: əɾəɭ əɾeːl station code: PL) railway station is a railway station on the Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, India. The next station south is Mahalaxmi railway station; the next station north is ...
to the roof of a building in Worli
Worli (ISO: ''Varaḷī'', əɾ(ə)ɭiː is a locality in South Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the four peninsulas of Mumbai while the other being Colaba, Bandra and Malabar Hill. The sea connects it with Bandra
via the B ...
. Police in Mumbai began an investigation on the grounds that security clearances had not been sought.
Republic of Ireland
;2012:A theatre group flew Parrot AR.Drones in Dublin to film video for an exhibit.[ The Irish Aviation Authority stated that this was prohibited as Dublin city is classed as a restricted area.]
;April 2014: A video of Cork
Cork or CORK may refer to:
Materials
* Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product
** Cork (plug), a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container
***Wine cork
Places Ireland
* Cork (city)
** Metropolitan Cork, also known as G ...
taken by Raymond Fogarty became popular online, but was criticised by licensed operators SkyTec. Fogarty later became a commercial UAV pilot and urged UAV operators to be aware of laws and not fly over build up areas.
Italy
;December 2015:A UAV filming a slalom event in Madonna di Campiglio
Madonna di Campiglio (german: Sankt Maria im Pein) is a village and a ski resort in northeast Italy. It is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Pinzolo. The village lies in the Val Rendena at an elevation of above sea level, and has approximat ...
nearly hit Marcel Hirscher
Marcel Hirscher (born 2 March 1989) is an Austrian former World Cup alpine ski racer. Hirscher made his World Cup debut in March 2007. He competed primarily in slalom and giant slalom, as well as combined and occasionally in super G. Winner of ...
. The International Ski Federation had agreed to the use of the UAV, though the pilot was not allowed to fly directly over the race course.[ The race director said that the pilot had not followed the federations' instructions.][ Camera UAVs have since been banned from the federations' World Cup races.][
]
South Africa
;June 2013:Police officers apprehended a man who flew a multicopter outside the hospital that Nelson Mandela was in. The equipment and footage were confiscated by the police.
;April 2016:A UAV hit and broke an office window in Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
and collided with David Perel, an interface designer and racing driver for Kessel Ferrari. The operator and a friend went to check that he hadn't been injured and Perel returned the UAV.[ The SACAA contacted both Perel and the operators after video of the incident appeared on YouTube.][
]
United Kingdom
;April 2014:A man pleaded guilty to flying a small UAV within 50 m of a submarine testing facility. He claimed that he had been flying a mile from the base but had lost radio contact with the craft.[ He was fined £800 and ordered to pay ]legal costs
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
of £3,500.[ The CAA claimed that the case raised safety issues related to flying unmanned aircraft.][
;September 2015:Nigel Wilson, of Bingham, Nottinghamshire, admitted nine breaches of the Air Navigation Order the previous year.] He was fined £1,800 and banned from buying or using a UAV for two years.[
;November 2015:It was reported that a toddler had lost an eye as a result of an accident with a UAV.] Simon Evans flew the UAV which accidentally struck a tree and started spinning before it struck Oscar Webb.[ Oscar can see out of his uninjured eye, but will require several operations before fitting a prosthetic eye.][ Oscar's family have forgiven Evans, but he hasn't flown any of his UAVs since, saying that when he looks at his UAVs since the incident he feels "physically sick".][
;December 2015:]Lincolnshire Police
Lincolnshire Police is the territorial police force covering the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England. Despite the name, the force's area does not include North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire, which ...
asked the operator of a UAV to come forward after footage taken by it flying over Lincoln
Lincoln most commonly refers to:
* Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the sixteenth president of the United States
* Lincoln, England, cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England
* Lincoln, Nebraska, the capital of Nebraska, U.S.
* Lincol ...
appeared on YouTube
YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...
. The flight was criticised by an expert as "incredibly irresponsible".
;March 2016:A UAV collided with a train hauled by the Flying Scotsman steam locomotive. British Transport Police
, nativename =
, abbreviation = BTP
, patch =
, patchcaption =
, logo = British Transport Police Logo.svg
, logocaption = Logo of the British Transport Police
, badge =
, badgecaption =
, f ...
opened an investigation, having identified the operator, and warned UAV operators not to fly within 50 metres of a train as it is illegal.
;July 2016:Daniel Kelly, from Grove Park, Lewisham
Grove Park is a district of South East London, England within the London Borough of Lewisham. It is located north east of Bromley and south east of Lewisham.
Known for its green spaces, Grove Park is flanked by the Grove Park Nature Reserve a ...
, London pleaded guilty to using a UAV to send a psychoactive substance and tobacco into HMP Swaleside. He was arrested on 25 April 2016 in Leysdown-on-Sea
Leysdown-on-Sea is a village on the east coast of the Isle of Sheppey in the borough of Swale in Kent, England. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 936. The civil parish is Leysdown and includes the settlements of Bay View, Shellness an ...
.[ Police had spotted a vehicle with the lights on,then someone ran to it and it sped off.][ A UAV was found in the boot of the car – it had been sprayed with black paint and black tape had been put over the lights.][ Kent Police said it was probably the first UK conviction of its type.][ His girlfriend was cleared of the same charges.][ He had also flown over ]HMP Elmley
HM Prison Elmley is a local Category B/C men's prison, located close to the village of Eastchurch on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent. The term 'local' means that this prison holds people on remand to the local courts. Elmley once formed part of the ...
, HMP Wandsworth
HM Prison Wandsworth is a Category B men's prison at Wandsworth in the London Borough of Wandsworth, South West London, England. It is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service and is one of the largest prisons in the UK.
History
The prison w ...
and HM Prison The Mount
HM Prison The Mount is a Category C men's prison, located on the outskirts of Bovingdon village in Hertfordshire, England. The Mount Prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.
History
The Mount Prison was designed as a Category C Tra ...
.
;3 July 2017:The runway at Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport (), also known as London Gatwick , is a major international airport near Crawley, West Sussex, England, south of Central London. In 2021, Gatwick was the third-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after H ...
was closed for two short periods because of a drone incursion.
;19-21 December 2018:A suspected UAV of "industrial specifications" caused major air traffic disruption for over 100,000 passengers on 700 flights at Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport (), also known as London Gatwick , is a major international airport near Crawley, West Sussex, England, south of Central London. In 2021, Gatwick was the third-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after H ...
during the busy Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year ...
period. Repeated reported sightings of a UAV over the runway caused a suspension of all takeoffs and landings starting at 9:03 PM on 19 December. Each time Gatwick prepared to reopen its runway, further reported sightings forced its closure. The distruption continued for approximately 45 hours, with the last reported sighting of a UAV occurring at 5:10pm on 21 December. Two people were arrested in connection with the incident but were released without charge. Despite an 18-month investigation and a £50,000 reward for information, no culprit or evidence of drone use was ever found. There are no known photographs, videos, or official descriptions of the alleged UAV, leading a number of experts to suggest that there was no UAV involved in the disruption.
;31 December 2018:A man was arrested after allegedly flying a drone from the Severn Bridge
The Severn Bridge ( cy, Pont Hafren) is a motorway suspension bridge that spans the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in South East Wales. It is the original Severn road crossing between England and Wale ...
.
;8 January 2019: Flights were suspended at the UK's busiest airport, Heathrow
Heathrow Airport (), called ''London Airport'' until 1966 and now known as London Heathrow , is a major international airport in London, England. It is the largest of the six international airports in the London airport system (the others bei ...
, after a drone sighting was reported.
;22 January 2022: The Premier League
The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the men's English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Fo ...
game between Brentford and Wolverhampton Wanderers was halted for 20 minutes by a drone flying over the pitch at the Community Stadium.
United States
;August 1956: Several Northrop F-89 Scorpion
The Northrop F-89 Scorpion was an American all-weather, twin-engined interceptor aircraft built during the 1950s, the first jet-powered aircraft designed for that role from the outset to enter service. Though its straight wings limited its per ...
s attempted to shoot down a runaway F6F-5K drone in Southern California, failing to bring it down with rocket fire. It crashed in a desert area.
;August 2013:A UAV filming events at the Virginia Bull Run in Dinwiddie County, Virginia crashed into the crowd, causing minor injuries.
;May 2014:Police were called to Hammonasset Beach State Park
Hammonasset Beach State Park is a public recreation area occupying two miles of beach front on Long Island Sound in the town of Madison, Connecticut. It is the state's largest shoreline park and one of the most popular attractions in the state ...
, Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.
Madison was first settled in 16 ...
by Andrea Mears who claimed that Austin Haughwout had been filming people at a beach and that he had filmed people with his UAV and that he had assaulted her. The police prepared to arrest him, but he produced recordings from his UAV and mobile phone which showed that he hadn't been filming people and that Mears had assaulted him instead.[ Mears was arrested and charged with assault in the 3rd degree and breach of peace in the 2nd degree.][ She was granted Accelerated Probation which erases her conviction from her record after two years.][
;June 2014:Ice hockey fans were celebrating a victory outside the Staples Center, Los Angeles, in 2014 when a UAV was seen flying over the crowd.] The crowd threw objects at the UAV, bringing it close enough to the ground for members of the crowd to grab it.[ Claims were made that the UAV belonged to the ]Los Angeles Police Department
The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially known as the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the municipal police department of Los Angeles, California. With 9,974 police officers and 3,000 civilian staff, it is the third-large ...
, but the LAPD denied this.[
;January 2015:A ]DJI
SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. or Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd. ( zh, c=深圳大疆创新科技有限公司, p=Shēnzhèn Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn Kējì Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) in full, more popularly known as its trade name DJI, which s ...
Phantom crashed in the grounds of the White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...
, Washington, D.C. The operator had flown it while drunk and lost control of it.[
;June 2015:A woman watching the ]Seattle
Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest regio ...
Pride parade was hit by a falling UAV and knocked unconscious, suffering a concussion.[ She was standing near Fourth Avenue and Madison Street when the drone collided with a building, fell and struck her on the head.][ Her boyfriend caught her when she fell and an off-duty firefighter helped.][ Police investigated and the pilot came forward.][ In January 2017 Paul M. Skinner was found guilty of ]reckless endangerment
Endangerment is a type of crime involving conduct that is wrongful and reckless or wanton, and likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm to another person. There are several kinds of endangerment, each of which is a criminal act that can ...
by a six-person jury in a unanimous verdict before Judge Willie Gregory. It was the first time the Seattle Public Attorneys' office had convicted anyone of mishandling a drone in a public place.[ Such a conviction can carry a penalty of up to 364 days in jail and a $5000 fine.][ Mr. Skinner is scheduled to be sentenced in February 2017.][
;July 2015:Firefighting aircraft were grounded for 26 minutes in Southern California because of fears of collisions with five UAVs that had been seen in the area.] It was the fourth time in as many weeks that drones had hampered firefighters in Southern California.[
;August 2015:A police search in east Hollywood was interrupted by a UAV.] Police had been searching for a man wanted for assault with a deadly weapon when a UAV flew near a Los Angeles Police Department
The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially known as the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the municipal police department of Los Angeles, California. With 9,974 police officers and 3,000 civilian staff, it is the third-large ...
helicopter.[ In November 2015 Martin Sheldon pleaded ]no contest
' is a legal term that comes from the Latin phrase for "I do not wish to contend". It is also referred to as a plea of no contest or no defense.
In criminal trials in certain United States jurisdictions, it is a plea where the defendant neith ...
to obstructing a police officer on 27 August 2015 when he flew his UAV near the helicopter.[ He had to surrender his UAV to police, complete 30 days of community labor and promise not to own or fly a UAV or other unmanned aircraft during his three years of probation.][
;September 2015:A drone crashed into empty seating at the US Open at ]Louis Armstrong Stadium
Louis Armstrong Stadium is a 14,000-seat tennis stadium at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City, one of the venues of the US Open. It opened for the 2018 US Open as a replacement for the 1978 stadium of the same n ...
, Queens, New York
Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located on Long Island, it is the largest New York City borough by area. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn at the western tip of Long ...
causing no injuries according to the USTA
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, ...
. It happened during a match between Flavia Pennetta
Flavia Pennetta (; born 25 February 1982) is an Italian former professional tennis player. She became Italy's first top-ten female singles player on 17 August 2009 and the first Italian to be ranked world No. 1 in doubles, on 28 February 2011. ...
and Monica Niculescu
Monica Niculescu (born 25 September 1987) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She has been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association as high as 28 in singles and 11 in doubles. Niculescu has won several titles: three singles and ten double ...
.[ A teacher named Daniel Verley was arrested on charges of ]reckless endangerment
Endangerment is a type of crime involving conduct that is wrongful and reckless or wanton, and likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm to another person. There are several kinds of endangerment, each of which is a criminal act that can ...
, reckless operation of a drone and operating a drone outside of a prescribed area in a New York city park.[ He was released and ordered to attend court at a later date.][ It is expressly forbidden to bring drones onto the grounds of the National Tennis Center.][ In October 2015 Daniel Verley was sentenced to community service, involving tutoring disenfranchised students.] He had cooperated fully with the investigation.[
;October 2015:A drone collided with power lines in ]West Hollywood
West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, its population was 35,757. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages ...
, causing a power cut
A power outage (also called a powercut, a power out, a power failure, a power blackout, a power loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.
There are many causes of power failures in an electricity ...
to 700 Southern California Edison
Southern California Edison (or SCE Corp), the largest subsidiary of Edison International, is the primary electricity supply company for much of Southern California. It provides 15 million people with electricity across a service territory of ap ...
customers.
;December 2015:A man in Lockport, New York
Lockport is both a city and the town that surrounds it in Niagara County, New York. The city is the Niagara county seat, with a population of 21,165 according to 2010 census figures, and an estimated population of 20,305 as of 2019.
Its name d ...
was charged with trespass
Trespass is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels, and trespass to land.
Trespass to the person historically involved six separate trespasses: threats, assault, battery, woundi ...
ing after he allegedly flew a UAV near the Van De Mark chemical plant, which produces phosgene gas.
;December 2016:A drone flying near the Space Needle
The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, United States. Considered to be an icon of the city, it has been designated a Seattle landmark. Located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood, it was built in the Seattle Center ...
, Seattle, Washington
Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region ...
collided with the tower while pyrotechnicians were setting up fireworks for New Year.
;February 2017: A UAV flew into the window of a 27th storey apartment in Kips Bay, Manhattan
Kips Bay, or Kip's Bay, is a neighborhood on the east side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is roughly bounded by East 34th Street to the north, the East River to the east, East 27th and/or 23rd Streets to the south, and Third Avenu ...
, breaking it while the occupant was at home.
;May 2017: A UAV filming the Golden State Race Series in California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
collided with a tree, and spun out of control into a group of cyclists. Part of the drone lodged in the front wheel of a cyclist, causing him to flip over his handlebars and suffer abrasions.[ The drone operator reportedly offered to buy the cyclist a new front wheel and helmet.][
;May 2017: A track and field meeting at ]Trabuco Hills High School
Trabuco Hills High School is a high school in Mission Viejo, California, United States. It is in the Saddleback Valley Unified School District.
Awards
THHS has received:
*2002 National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence.
Demographics
The demogra ...
, Mission Viejo, California was targeted by a drone dropping water balloons on the event, though only one person was hit. The drone had been spotted the previous evening and the sports coach had sent people out to find the drone operators.[ Police were notified the following morning.][
;May 2017: A GoPro Karma hit a seat at Petco Park, ]San Diego, California
San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United Stat ...
narrowly missing fans during a match between the San Diego Padres
The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego. The Padres compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Founded in 1969, the club has won two NL penn ...
and the Arizona Diamondbacks
The Arizona Diamondbacks (colloquially known as the D-backs) are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix. The Diamondbacks compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. The ...
. Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), ...
said that UAVs are not allowed at baseball grounds.
;September 2017: A 52-year-old woman saw a UAV flying outside the 42nd floor of a condominium tower in the 500 block of North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
around 12:30pm on 9 September 2017. According to police, it hovered for a long time near the building, without the consent of building management.[ Amit Kleiman, aged 31, attempted to retrieve the UAV from the third floor and was taken into custody.][ He was charged with one count each of criminal trespass, reckless conduct and breach of the peace.][
;December 2019 – January 2020:A large group of unidentified drones was repeatedly observed in ]Colorado
Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...
and Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...
flying in grid formations at night. The drones were apparently being operated in violation of federal regulations, prompting investigations by the FAA and the state of Colorado.
;July 2020: A man was arrested on federal charges in Portland, Oregon
Portland (, ) is a port city in the Pacific Northwest and the list of cities in Oregon, largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Situated at the confluence of the Willamette River, Willamette and Columbia River, Columbia rivers, Portland is ...
for flying a drone in restricted air space during a protest
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one.
Protests can be thought of as acts of cooper ...
See also
*UAVs in the U.S. military
As of January 2014, the U.S. military operates a large number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as Unmanned Aircraft Systems AS: 7,362 RQ-11 Ravens; 990 AeroVironment Wasp IIIs; 1,137 AeroVironment RQ-20 Pumas; 306 RQ-16 T-Hawk smal ...
* Use of UAVs by the CIA
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:UAV-related incidents
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Wireless
Avionics
Robotics
Emerging technologies
Aviation-related lists
Lists of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft