The 1918–1920 flu pandemic is commonly referred to as the
Spanish flu
The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...
, and caused millions of deaths worldwide.
To maintain morale, wartime censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
, and the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
. Papers were free to report the epidemic's effects in neutral Restoration-era Spain (such as the grave illness of
King Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alf ...
). This created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit, thereby giving rise to the pandemic's nickname, "Spanish flu".
Notable fatalities
Listed alphabetically by surname
*
Turki I bin Abdulaziz
Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, تركي الأول بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ''Turkī al ʾAwwal bin ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd''; 1900–1919) was the eldest son of the Emir of Nejd (later King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia) and hi ...
, eldest son of
Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud ( ar, عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود, ʿAbd al ʿAzīz bin ʿAbd ar Raḥman Āl Suʿūd; 15 January 1875Ibn Saud's birth year has been a source of debate. It is generally accepted ...
(1919)
*
Johnny Aitken
Johnny Aitken (May 3, 1885 – October 15, 1918) was an American racecar driver from Indianapolis, who was active in the years prior to World War I. Aitken competed in the Indianapolis 500 three times. He started the race twice, in 1911 and 19 ...
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected the ...
, Brazilian re-elected president, died before taking office (January 16, 1919)
* Robert Anderson, Scotland Yard official (November 15, 1918)
* Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (November 9, 1918)
* Felix Arndt, American pianist (October 16, 1918)
* Dudley John Beaumont, British army officer and painter, husband of the Dame of Sark (November 24, 1918)
*
Louis Botha
Louis Botha (; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa – the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, ...
, first Prime Minister of the
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Trans ...
(August 27, 1919)
* Randolph Bourne, American progressive writer and public intellectual (December 22, 1918)dMAC Health Digest .
* Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (December 11, 1918)
*
Bernard Capes
Bernard Edward Joseph Capes (30 August 1854 – 2 November 1918) was an English author.
Biography
Capes was born in London, one of eleven children: his elder sister, Harriet Capes, was a noted translator and author of more than a dozen childre ...
, British novelist (2 November 1918)
*
Amadeo de Souza Cardoso
Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (14 November 1887 – 25 October 1918) was a Portuguese painter.
Belonging to the first generation of Portuguese modernist painters, Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso stands out among all of them for the exceptional quality of h ...
Larry Chappell
La Verne Ashford "Larry" Chappell (February 19, 1890 – November 8, 1918) was a professional baseball player who played from 1913 to 1917 for the Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians and Boston Braves.
Early life
Born in McClusky, Illinois, Cha ...
, American baseball player (November 8, 1918)1918 FLU PANDEMIC DID NOT SPARE BASEBALL National Baseball Hall of FameEarly Exits: The Premature Endings of Baseball Careers By Brian McKenna (Page 85)
*
Rose Cleveland
Rose Elizabeth "Libby" Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918) served as first lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first term of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachel ...
, First Lady of the United States of America, sister of President
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American ...
(November 22, 1918)
* John H. Collins, American film director, writer, and husband of actress Viola Dana (October 31, 1918)
*
Carrie Cornplanter
Carrie Cornplanter (1887–1918) was a Native American artist of the Seneca tribe.
Little is recorded of Cornplanter's life save that she was the elder sister of Jesse Cornplanter, had a sister named Anna, and had children of her own, and that he ...
, Native American artist and descendant of diplomat Cornplanter (late 1918)
*
Gaby Deslys
Gaby Deslys (born Marie-Elise-Gabrielle Caire, 4 November 1881 – 11 February 1920) was a singer and actress during the early 20th century. She selected her name for her stage career, and it is a contraction of ''Gabrielle of the Lillies'' ...
, French actress and dancer (February 11, 1920)
* Anton Dilger, medical doctor, mastermind of Germany's World War I secret bioterror sabotage (October 17, 1918)
*
Horace Elgin Dodge
Horace Elgin Dodge Sr. (May 17, 1868 – December 10, 1920) was an American automobile manufacturing pioneer and co-founder of Dodge Brothers Company.
Early years and business
He was born in Niles, Michigan, on May 17, 1868.Burton, Clarence M., ...
, American automobile manufacturing pioneer (December 10, 1920)
*
John Francis Dodge
John Francis Dodge (October 25, 1864 – January 14, 1920) was an American automobile manufacturing pioneer and co-founder of Dodge Brothers Company.
Biography
Dodge was born in Niles, Michigan, where his father ran a foundry and machine s ...
, American automobile manufacturing pioneer (January 14, 1920)
* "Admiral" Dot, American circus performer under
P. T. Barnum
Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, and politician, remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017) with James Anthony Bailey. He was ...
Charles A. Doyen
Brigadier General Charles Augustus Doyen (September 3, 1859 − October 6, 1918) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps (USMC). He is notable for having commanded the 4th Marine Brigade during World War I and was the first recipient of ...
, United States Marine Corps brigadier general (October 6, 1918)
* Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (Erik Gustav Ludvig Albert Bernadotte), Prince of Sweden (September 20, 1918)
* George Freeth, father of modern surfing and lifeguard (April 7, 1919)
*
Harold Gilman
Harold John Wilde Gilman (11 February 187612 February 1919) was a British painter of interiors, portraits and landscapes, and a founder-member of the Camden Town Group.
Early life and studies
Harold John Wilde Gilman was the second son and ...
, British painter (February 12, 1919)
* Henry G. Ginaca, American engineer, inventor of the Ginaca machine (October 19, 1918)
*
Harry Glenn
Harry Melville "Husky" Glenn (June 9, 1890 – October 12, 1918) was a professional baseball player from 1910 to 1918. He played a portion of the 1915 season in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the St. Louis Cardinals. He also played e ...
, American baseball player (October 12, 1918)
*
Myrtle Gonzalez
Myrtle Gonzalez (September 28, 1891 – October 22, 1918) was an American actress. She starred in at least 78 silent era motion pictures from 1913 to 1917, of which 66 were one and two-reel shorts. She is regarded as a movie star.
* Edward Kidder Graham, President of the University of North Carolina (October 26, 1918)
*
Charles Griffes
Charles Tomlinson Griffes ( ; September 17, 1884 – April 8, 1920) was an American composer for piano, chamber ensembles and voice. His initial works are influenced by German Romanticism, but after he relinquished the German style, his late ...
, American composer (April 8, 1920)
* Wilhelm Gross, Austrian mathematician (October 22, 1918)
*
Joe Hall Joseph Hall may refer to:
Sports
* Joe Hall (American football) (born 1979), American football player
* Joe Hall (baseball) (born 1966), American baseball player
* Joe Hall (ice hockey) (1881–1919), Canadian ice hockey player
* Joe B. Hall (192 ...
, Canadian ice hockey defenceman (
Montreal Canadiens
The Montreal CanadiensEven in English, the French spelling is always used instead of ''Canadians''. The French spelling of ''Montréal'' is also sometimes used in the English media. (french: link=no, Les Canadiens de Montréal), officially ...
), member of the Hockey Hall of Fame (April 6, 1919)
*
Harry Harkness
Harry Stephen Harkness (July 17, 1880 – January 23, 1919) was an American aviator and racing driver.
Biography
He was born in Cleveland, Ohio on July 17, 1880 to Standard Oil heir Lamon V. Harkness.
In 1918 his personal yacht was taken by ...
, American aviator and race car driver (January 23, 1919)
* Phoebe Hearst, mother of William Randolph Hearst (April 13, 1919)
*
Alfred Hindmarsh
Alfred Humphrey Hindmarsh (18 April 1860 – 13 November 1918) was a New Zealand politician, lawyer and unionist. He died in the 1918 influenza epidemic. He served as the first leader of the modern New Zealand Labour Party.
Early life
Hindmars ...
, New Zealand Labour Party leader, lawyer and politician (November 13, 1918)
* B. C. Hucks, English aviator and test pilot (November 7, 1918)
* Shelley Hull, American stage actor (January 14, 1919)
*
Margit Kaffka
Margit Kaffka (10 June 1880 – 1 December 1918) was a Hungarian writer and poet.
Called a "great, great writer" by Endre Ady, she was one of the most important female Hungarian authors, and an important member of the Nyugat generation. Her wri ...
, Hungarian writer and poet (December 1, 1918)
* Joseph Kaufman, American actor and film director (February 1, 1918)
* Lyman W.V. Kennon, American brigadier general (September 9, 1918)
*
Vera Kholodnaya
Vera Vasilyevna Kholodnaya ( Levchenko; russian: link=no, Вера Васильевна Холодная; uk, link=no, Віра Василівна Холодна; 5 August 1893 – 16 February 1919) was an actress of Russian Empire cinema. She w ...
, Russian actress (February 16, 1919)
*
Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's prim ...
Gilda Langer
Gilda Langer (born Hermengild Langer; 16 May 1896 – 31 January 1920) was a German stage and film actress whose career began in the mid-1910s and lasted until her death in 1920. She appeared both on stage and in silent films; however, all films ...
, German actress (January 31, 1920)
*
Hans E. Lau
Hans-Emil Lau (16 April 1879 – 16 October 1918) was a Denmark, Danish astronomer.
He started his observational career during his studies at Copenhagen University. After completing his degree in 1906 he worked at the Urania, the Treptow Obser ...
, Danish astronomer (October 16, 1918)
* Julian L'Estrange English stage and screen actor (October 22, 1918)
* Ruby Lindsay, Australian illustrator and painter (March 12, 1919)
*
Harold Lockwood
Harold A. Lockwood (April 12, 1887 – October 19, 1918) was an American silent film actor, director, and producer. He was one of the most popular matinee idols of the early film period during the 1910s.
Early life and career
Born in Brookl ...
, American silent film star (October 19, 1918)
*
Rosalia Lombardo
Rosalia Lombardo (13 December 1918 – 6 December 1920) was a Palermitan child who died of pneumonia, resulting from the Spanish flu, one week before her second birthday. Rosalia's father, Mario Lombardo, was grieving her death, asked Alfredo Sala ...
, Italian daughter of General Lombardo (December 6, 1920)
*
Francisco Marto
Francisco de Jesus Marto (11 June 1908 – 4 April 1919) and Jacinta de Jesus Marto (11 March 1910 – 20 February 1920) were siblings from Aljustrel, a small hamlet near Fátima, Portugal, who with their cousin Lúcia dos Santos (1907–2 ...
Alan Arnett McLeod
Alan Arnett McLeod, VC (20 April 1899 – 6 November 1918) was a Canadian soldier, aviator, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. M ...
, Canadian soldier and Victoria Cross recipient (6 November 1918)
* Dan McMichael, manager of Scottish association football club Hibernian (February 6, 1919)
*
Léon Morane
Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to:
Places
Europe
* León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León
* Province of León, Spain
* Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again f ...
, French aircraft company founder and pre-World War I aviator (October 20, 1918)
* William Francis Murray, postmaster of Boston and former U.S. Representative (September 21, 1918)
*
Silk O'Loughlin
Francis H. "Silk" O'Loughlin (August 15, 1872 – December 20, 1918) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1902 to 1918. He umpired in the World Series in 1906, 1909, 1912, 1915 and 1917, serving a ...
, American baseball umpire (December 20, 1918)
*
William Osler
Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet, (; July 12, 1849 – December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Osler created the first Residency (medicine), residency program for spec ...
, Canadian physician, co founder of Johns Hopkins Hospital (December 29, 1919)
* Ōyama Sutematsu, first Japanese woman to receive a college degree (February, 1919)
* Hubert Parry, British composer (October 7, 1918)
* George W. Perkins, American politician and businessman (June 18, 1920)
*
Niko Pirosmani
Niko Pirosmani ( ka, ნიკო ფიროსმანი ''Nik’o Pirosmani''), Mononymous person, simply referred to as Nikala (ნიკალა ''Nik’ala''; 1862–1918), was a Georgians, Georgian painter who posthumously rose to pro ...
, Georgian naïve painter (April 9, 1918)
* Henry Ragas, American pianist of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (February 18, 1919)
* Stephen Sydney Reynolds, English writer (February 14, 1919)
*
Lunsford Richardson
Lunsford Richardson (December 29, 1854 - August 21, 1919) was an American pharmacist from Selma, North Carolina, and the founder of Vick Chemical Company (which became Richardson Vicks Inc.).
Early life
Lunsford was born in 1854 on a farm near ...
, inventor of Vicks VapoRub and Junk Mail (August 21, 1919)
*
William Leefe Robinson
William Leefe Robinson VC (14 July 1895 – 31 December 1918) was the first British pilot to shoot down a German airship over Britain during the First World War. For this, he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallan ...
, British Victoria Cross recipient (December 31, 1918)
*
Edmond Rostand
Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (, , ; 1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is associated with neo-romanticism and is known best for his 1897 play ''Cyrano de Bergerac''. Rostand's romantic plays contrasted with t ...
, French dramatist, best known for his play ''Cyrano de Bergerac'' (December 2, 1918)
*
Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria (german: Erzherzog Franz Karl Salvator Marie Joseph Ignaz von Österreich-Toskana) (17 February 1893 in Schloss Lichtenegg, Wels, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary – 10 December 1918, Wallsee-Sindelburg, ...
, Austro-Hungarian royalty and military officer (December 10, 1918)
* Morton Schamberg, American modernist artist (October 13, 1918)
*
Egon Schiele
Egon Leo Adolf Ludwig Schiele (; 12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918) was an Austrian Expressionist painter. His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and for the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portr ...
, Austrian painter (October 31, 1918,
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
)Frank Whitford, Expressionist Portraits, Abbeville Press, 1987, p. 46.
* Reggie Schwarz, South African cricketer and rugby player (November 18, 1918)
*
Martin Sheridan
Martin John Sheridan (March 28, 1881 – March 27, 1918) was a three time Olympic Games gold medallist. He was born in Bohola, County Mayo, Ireland, and died in St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan, New York, the day before his 37th birthday ...
Hamby Shore
Samuel Hamilton Shore (February 12, 1886 – October 13, 1918) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played several seasons for the Ottawa Senators between 1909 and 1918, notably during the "Silver Seven" era when the club was champio ...
, Canadian ice hockey player (October 13, 1918)
*
Robert W. Speer
Robert Walter Speer (December 1, 1855 – May 14, 1918) was elected mayor of Denver, Colorado three times. He served two four-year terms in office from 1904 to 1912. He died from Influenza, early on in the worldwide epidemic of that year on ...
, mayor of Denver (May 14, 1918)
*
Walter Stradling
Walter Stradling (1875 – July 4, 1918) was an English-born American cinematographer of the silent era. He is best remembered for working on several well-known feature films of Mary Pickford and for the Famous Players-Lasky production company in ...
, English born cinematographer (July 4, 1918)
*
Willard Dickerman Straight
Willard Dickerman Straight (January 31, 1880 – December 1, 1918) was an American investment banker, publisher, reporter, diplomat and by marriage, a member of the very wealthy Whitney family. He was a promoter of Chinese arts and investments, an ...
, American investment banker, publisher, reporter, Army Reserve officer and diplomat (December 1, 1918)
* Yakov Sverdlov, Bolshevik party leader and official of the Russian Republic established by the February 1917 Revolution (March 16, 1919)
*
Mark Sykes
Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) was an English traveller, Conservative Party politician, and diplomatic advisor, particularly with regard to the Middle East at the time of the First Wo ...
, British politician and diplomat, body exhumed 2008 for scientific research (February 16, 1919)
*
Dark Cloud (actor)
Dark Cloud (September 20, 1855 – September 17, 1918) was a First Nations silent film actor, born Elijah Tahamont. He was a chief of the Abenaki, a First Nations band government belonging to the Eastern Algonquian peoples of northeastern Nort ...
, born Elijah Tahamont, Native American actor, in Los Angeles (September 17, 1918)
*
Prince Tsunehisa Takeda
was the founder of the Takeda-no-miya collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family.
Biography
Prince Tsunehisa Takeda was the eldest son of Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa and thus the brother of Prince Kitashirakawa Naruhisa. He was bor ...
Frederick Trump
Frederick Trump (born Friedrich Trump, ; March 14, 1869 – May 30, 1918) was a German-born American barber and businessman. He was the patriarch of the Trump family and the paternal grandfather of Donald Trump, the 45th President of the Unite ...
, grandfather of 45th President of the United States
Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pe ...
Minik Wallace
Minik Wallace (also called Minik or Mene) (ca. 1890 – October 29, 1918) was an Inughuaq (Inuk) brought as a child in 1897 from Greenland to New York City with his father and others by the explorer Robert Peary. The six Inuit were studied ...
, Inuit (October 29, 1918)
*
King Watzke
Alex "King" Watzke (1872-1919) was a violinist and bandleader in New Orleans, Louisiana. His band enjoyed fair popularity ca. 1900-1911 or later. The band played ragtime, popular music, and possibly an early or ancestral version of what later beca ...
, American violinist and bandleader (1920)
*
Max Weber
Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (; ; 21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profo ...
, German political sociologist and economist (June 14, 1920)
* Pearl F. "Specks" Webster, American baseball player (September 16, 1918)
*
Bill Yawkey
William Hoover Yawkey (August 22, 1875 – March 5, 1919) was an American business executive in the lumber and mining industries. He was the sole owner of the Detroit Tigers of the American League from 1903 through 1908, and majority owner from 1 ...
, Major League Baseball executive and owner of the Detroit Tigers, in Augusta, Georgia, US (March 5, 1919)
*
Ella Flagg Young
Ella Flagg Young (January 15, 1845 – October 26, 1918) was an American educator who served as superintendent of Chicago Public Schools. She was the first female head of a large United States city school system. She also served as the first fem ...
, American educator (October 26, 1918)
In utero effects
Children of women who were pregnant during the pandemic ran the risk of lifelong effects. One in three of the more than 25 million who contracted the flu in the United States was a woman of childbearing age. A study of US census data from 1960 to 1980 found that the children born to this group of women had more physical ailments and a lower lifetime income than those born a few months earlier or later. The study also found that persons born in states with more severe exposure to the pandemic experienced worse outcomes than persons born in states with less severe exposure. A notable example was Rosemary Kennedy, sister of 35th U.S. President
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...
, who was born during the pandemic on September 23, 1918, and suffered from intellectual disability, resulting in her institutionalization.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 Surname Law (Turkey), until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish Mareşal (Turkey), field marshal, Turkish National Movement, re ...
Republic of Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
*
Walter Benjamin
Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (; ; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist.
An eclectic thinker, combining elements of German idealism, Romanticism, Western Marxism, and Jewish mys ...
(1892–1940),
German-Jewish
The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish ...
philosopher and
Marxist
Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
literary criticSholem, Gershom. ''Walter Benjamin: The Story of a Friendship.'' Trans. The Jewish Publication Society of America. London: Faber & Faber, 1982. 76.
*
Raymond Chandler
Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American-British novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive durin ...
(1888–1959), American novelist and screenwriter
*
Charles I Charles I may refer to:
Kings and emperors
* Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings
* Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily
* Charles I of ...
(1887–1922), Emperor of Austria
*
Walt Disney
Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film p ...
(1901–1966), cartoonist
*
Peter Fraser
Peter Fraser (; 28 August 1884 – 12 December 1950) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 24th prime minister of New Zealand from 27 March 1940 until 13 December 1949. Considered a major figure in the history of the New Zealand Lab ...
(1884–1950), New Zealand prime minister
*
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...
(1869–1948), leader of the campaign for India's independence from British rule
*
Lillian Gish
Lillian Diana Gish (October 14, 1893February 27, 1993) was an American actress, director, and screenwriter. Her film-acting career spanned 75 years, from 1912, in silent film shorts, to 1987. Gish was called the "First Lady of American Cinema", ...
(1893–1993), American early motion picture actress
* Haile Selassie I (1892–1975), Emperor of
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
Harold Marcus, ''Haile Sellassie I: The formative years, 1892–1936'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1996), pp. 36f; Pankhurst 1990, p. 48f.
*
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading
Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading, (10 October 1860 – 30 December 1935) was a British Liberal politician and judge, who served as Lord Chief Justice of England, Viceroy of India, and Foreign Secretary, the last Liberal to hold that ...
(1860–1935), British politician and judge
* Joseph Joffre (1852–1931), French
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
Jim Jordan
James Daniel Jordan (born February 17, 1964) is an American politician currently serving in his ninth term in the U.S. House of Representatives as the representative for since 2007.
A member of the Republican Party, he is a two-tim ...
(1896–1988), American actor best known as Fibber McGee
*
Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It ...
(1883–1924),
German-speaking
German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a ...
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
author
*
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922. He was a Liberal Party politician from Wales, known for leading the United Kingdom during t ...
Chancellor of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
during the
armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the La ...
*
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch ( , ; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter. His best known work, ''The Scream'' (1893), has become one of Western art's most iconic images.
His childhood was overshadowed by illness, bereavement and the dr ...
John J. Pershing
General of the Armies John Joseph Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), nicknamed "Black Jack", was a senior United States Army officer. He served most famously as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) on the Wes ...
(1860–1948), American general
*
Boies Penrose
Boies Penrose (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
After serving in both houses of the Pennsylvania legislature, he represented Pennsylvania in the United ...
(1980–1921), United States Senator
*
Mary Pickford
Gladys Marie Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American stage and screen actress and producer with a career that spanned five decades. A pioneer in the US film industry, she co-founde ...
(1892–1979), American film actress
* Lakshman Singh (1908–1989), last
maharawal
Rawal (also spelled Raval) or Raol originally is a regional variation of the Hindi princely ruler title Raja/Radjah (literally "king") used in some princely states in Rajputana and Western India (notably Gujarat), and is now also used as a caste ...
of
Dungarpur State
Dungarpur State was a princely state during the British Raj. Its capital was the city of Dungarpur in the southernmost area of present-day Rajasthan State in India. In 1901 the total population of Dungarpur State was 100,103, while that of the ...
(1928–1948), Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha, 1952–1958), Member of the Legislative Council of Rajasthan (1962–1989)
*
Katherine Anne Porter
Katherine Anne Porter (May 15, 1890 – September 18, 1980) was an American journalist, essayist, short story writer, novelist, and political activist. Her 1962 novel ''Ship of Fools'' was the best-selling novel in America that year, but her sho ...
(1890–1980), Pulitzer Prize-winning American writer
*
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
(1882–1945), American president
*
Jan Kanty Steczkowski
Jan Kanty Steczkowski (; 16 October 1862, Dąbrowa Tarnowska – 3 September 1929, Kraków) was a Polish economist, solicitor and politician.
Steczkowski served as Minister of Finance of Poland in the government of Jan Kucharzewski. On 4 April ...
nuclear physicist
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
, discoverer of the
nuclear chain reaction
In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series of these reactions. The specific nu ...
* Robert Walser (1878–1956), Swiss-German modernist author
*
Wilhelm II, German Emperor
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918. Despite strengthening the German Empir ...
(1859–1941)
*
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
(1856–1924), American president
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Sterling North
Thomas Sterling North (November 4, 1906 – December 21, 1974) was an American writer. He is best known for the children's novel '' Rascal'', a bestseller in 1963.
Biography
Early life and family
North's maternal grandparents, James Herve ...
Spanish flu
The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...