The sponges of

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

are a part of the Porifera fauna of

(which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela). A number of species of sponges are found in the wild in Venezuela. This is a partial list of the marine and freshwater sponges of Venezuela. The families are listed alphabetically within the classes.

Statistics

Marine sponges

Aplysina archeri (Stove-pipe Sponge-pink variation)

Family

Acarnidae Acarnidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Poecilosclerida. It has a global distribution, although several genera occur primarily in colder temperate waters, and several have very restricted ranges. It is estimated that there are seve ...

* AcarnusSutherland, J.P. 1980: Dynamics of the epibenthic community on roots of the mangrove ''Rhizophora mangle'', at Bahia de Buche, Venezuela. Marine Biology, 58:75-84
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/ref> Family Adociidae * '' Sigmadocia caerulea'' Hechtel 1965Díaz, Humberto., Bevilacqua, Marina. y Bone, David. 1985. Esponjas del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana. Caracas. 64p. Family

Aplysinidae Aplysinidae is a family of sea sponges in the order Verongiida. Its growths are either shaped like a fan or a club. Contained within the family are three recognized genera and six unrecognized ones. It was first authenticated and described by ...

* ''

Aplysina archeri ''Aplysina archeri'', also known as a stove-pipe sponge because of its shape, is a species of tube sponge that has long tube-like structures of cylindrical shape. Although they can grow in a single tube, they often grow in large groups of up to ...

'' (Higgin, 1875)Catálogo de la colección de Porifera del Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central (MBUCV-XX)Villamizar, E. and R. A. Laughlin. 1991. Fauna associated with the sponges Aplysina archeri and Aplysina lacunosa in a coral reef of the Archipielago de Los Roques, National Park, Venezuela. Pages 522–542 in J. Reitner and H. Keupp, eds. Fossil and recent sponges. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. * '' Aplysina caissara'' Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001Venezuelatuya.com: Esponjas Marinas por Fundación La Tortuga. http://www.venezuelatuya.com/natura/esponjasmarinas.htm * '' Aplysina cauliformis'' (Carter, 1882) * ''

Aplysina fistularis ''Aplysina fistularis'', also known as the yellow tube sponge, is a species of sea sponge in the order Verongiida. ''Aplysina fistularis'' is a golden or orange-brown color with a conulose surface. The animal is abundant in the Caribbean, where i ...

'' (Pallas, 1766)Pompa M, Luis A. y Lin, Alan L. 1980: Carotenoides de algunas demospongias (Porifera) de la Bahía de Mochima, Edo. Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico Universidad de Oriente 19(1-2):9-14.Amaro, María E. y Liñero-Arana, Ildefonso. 2002: Demospongiae (Porifera) de Isla Larga, bahía de Mochima, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela 41(1-2):45=53
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María Cristina Díaz and Klaus Rützler 2009: Biodiversity and abundance of sponges in Caribbean mangrove: indicators of environmental quality. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 38:151-172
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* ''

Aplysina fulva ''Aplysina'' is a genus of sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and chann ...

'' (Pallas, 1766) * ''

Aplysina lacunosa ''Aplysina'' is a genus of sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and chann ...

'' (Lamarck, 1814) Family Callyspongiidae * '' Callyspongia arcesiosa'' Laubenfels, 1936 * '' Callyspongia vaginalis'' (Lamarck, 1814) Family

Chalinidae Chalinidae is a family of marine demosponges, containing the following genera: * '' Chalinula'' Schmidt, 1868 * '' Cladocroce'' Topsent, 1892 * '' Dendrectilla'' Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 * '' Dendroxea'' Griessinger, 1971 * ''Haliclona ''Haliclon ...

* '' Chalinula molitba'' (Laubenfels, 1949) Family

Chondrillidae Chondrillidae is a family of sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and cha ...

* '' Chondrilla caribensis'' Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007 * ''

Chondrilla nucula ''Chondrilla nucula'', sometimes called the Caribbean chicken-liver sponge, is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Chondrillidae. It is an amorphous shaped sponge that grows in flat, sometimes bulbous sheets in benthic communities. ...

'' Smithdt 1862 Family

Clionidae The Clionidae are a family of sea angels, which are a group of pelagic marine gastropods. They resemble angels, complete with flapping "wings", hence their common name. They are gelatinous, mostly transparent pteropods, and they only have she ...

* '' Cliona raphida'' Boury-Esnault, 1973 * '' Cliona varians'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Family

Coelosphaeridae Coelosphaeridae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Poecilosclerida Poecilosclerida is an order of the demosponge class. It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database). It contains about 25 ...

* '' Lissodendoryx'' Family Crambeidae * '' Monanchora arbuscula'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Family

Darwinellidae Darwinellidae is a family of sponges in the order Dendroceratida. Species * Genus '' Aplysilla'' Schulze, 1878 ** '' Aplysilla arctica'' Laubenfels, 1948 ** '' Aplysilla glacialis'' (Merejkowski, 1877) ** '' Aplysilla lacunosa'' Keller, 1889 * ...

* '' Aplysilla glacialis'' (Merejkowski, 1878) * '' Chelonaplysilla erecta'' Tsurnamal, 1967 * ''

Darwinella rosacea Darwinella may refer to: * ''Darwinella'' (sponge), a genus of sponges in the family Darwinellidae * ''Darwinella'', a genus of beetles in the family Promecheilidae, synonym of '' Pseudodarwinella'' * ''Darwinella'', a fossil genus of ostracods in ...

'' Hechtel, 1965 Family

Desmacididae Desmacididae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Poecilosclerida Poecilosclerida is an order of the demosponge class. It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database). It contains about 25 rec ...

* '' Desmapsamma anchorata'' (Carter, 1882) Family Desmacidonidae * '' Liosina monticulosa'' (Verrill, 1907) Family

Dysidea ''Dysidea'' is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Dysideidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in ap ...

* ''

Dysidea etheria ''Dysidea etheria'', commonly known as the ethereal sponge or heavenly sponge, is a species of lobate sponge within the class Demospongiae. This marine sponge is known for its light blue color and can be found in the Caribbean as well as off the ...

'' Laubenfels, 1936 Family Dictyonellidae * '' Scopalina ruetzleri'' (Wiedenmayer, 1977) Family Dysideidae * ''

'' Laubenfels, 1936 Family

Geodiidae Geodiidae is a family of sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channel ...

* ''

Geodia gibberosa ''Geodia gibberosa'', commonly known as the white encrusting sponge, is a species of sea sponge found in the Caribbean. It is eaten by hawksbill turtles. It was first described by Lamarck in 1815. Description ''Geodia gibberosa'' is a large, de ...

'' Lamarck, 1815 * '' Geodia papyracea'' Hechtel, 1965 Family Grantiidae * '' Leucandra aspera'' (Schmidt, 1862) Family

Halichondriidae Halichondriidae is a family of sea sponges belonging to the order Suberitida. These sponges have a skeleton consisting of dense bundles of spicules occurring in a more or less random pattern. Genera The following genera are recognised in the fam ...

* '' Anthosigmella varians'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) * '' Halichondria magniculosa'' Hechtel * '' Halichondria melanadocia'' Laubenfels, 1936 * ''

Topsentia ophiraphidites ''Topsentia'' is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the worl ...

'' (Laubenfels, 1934)Díaz, M.C.; Alvarez, B.; van Soest, R.W.M. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park 'Archipiélago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 57 (1): 31-41. Family Halicloniidae * '' Haliclona caerulea'' (Hechtel, 1965) * '' Haliclona crassiloba'' Laubenfels, 1950 * '' Haliclona curacaoensis'' (van Soest, 1980) * '' Haliclona doria'' Laubenfels, 1936 * '' Haliclona implexiformis'' (Hechtel, 1965) * '' Haliclona magnifica'' de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 * '' Haliclona manglaris'' Alcolado, 1984 * ''

Haliclona permollis ''Haliclona'' is a genus of demosponges in the family (biology), family Chalinidae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Haliclona'': ;Subgenus Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 * ''Haliclona (Flagellia) amirantensi ...

'' (Bowerbank, 1866) * '' Haliclona picadaerensis'' * '' Haliclona tubifera'' (George & Wilson, 1919) * '' Haliclona twincayensis'' de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 * '' Haliclona viridis'' (Keller, 1889) * '' Niphastes variabilis'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Family

Halisarcidae Halisarcidae is a family of sea sponges within the order Chondrillida. Members of the family are characterised by having long tubular, branched choanocyte chambers; they have no spicules Spicules are any of various small needle-like anatomical ...

* '' Halisarca'' Family

Heteroxyidae Heteroxyidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Axinellida. Genera: * ''Acanthoclada'' Bergquist, 1970 * ''Alloscleria'' Topsent, 1927 * ''Alveospongia'' Santos, Pinheiro, Hajdu & Van Soest, 2016 * ''Desmoxya'' * ''Didiscus'' Dendy, 1 ...

* '' Myrmekioderma rea'' (de Laubenfels, 1934) Family

Hymedesmiidae Hymedesmiidae is a family of demosponges in the order Poecilosclerida. Genera * ''Acanthancora'' * ''Hamigera (sponge), Hamigera'' * ''Hemimycale'' * ''Hymedesmia'' * ''Kirkpatrickia'' * ''Myxodoryx'' * ''Phorbas (sponge), Phorbas'' * ' ...

* '' Phorbas amaranthus'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Family

Iotrochotidae Iotrochotidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Poecilosclerida Poecilosclerida is an order of the demosponge class. It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database). It contains about 25 re ...

* ''

Iotrochota birotulata ''Iotrochota birotulata'', commonly known as the green finger sponge, is a species of sea sponge in the family Iotrochotidae. It is found in shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea. Description The green finger sponge usually has upright or spraw ...

'' (Higgin, 1877) Family Irciniidae * '' Irsinia fasciculata'' (Pallas, 1766) * '' Ircinia felix'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) * '' Irsinia strobilina'' (Lamarck, 1816) Family

Microcionidae Microcionidae is a family of marine demosponges. Subdivisions The following genera are recognized within the family Microcionidae: * Subfamily Microcioninae Carter 1875 ** ''Clathria'' Schmidt, 1862 ** '' Echinochalina'' Thiele, 1903 ** ''Holop ...

* '' Artemisina melana'' van Soest, 1984 * '' Clathria ferrea'' (de Laubenfels, 1936) * '' Clathria venosa'' Hooper, 1996 * '' Clathria microchela'' (Stephens, 1916) * '' Clathria schoenus'' (Laubenfels, 1936) * '' Clathria venosa'' (Alcolado, 1984) * '' Microciona'' * '' Pandaros acanthifolium'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Family

Mycalidae Mycalidae is a Family (biology), family of marine demosponges. Genera According to the World Register of Marine Species, there are only two Genus, genera in this family. Previously there were about 26, but most of these have been reallocated as ...

* '' Ulosa hispida'' Hechtel, 1965 * '' Mycale americana'' van Soest, 1984 * '' Mycale angulosa'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) * '' Mycale carmigropila'' Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 * '' Mycale citrina'' Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 * '' Mycale laxissima'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) * '' Mycale magnirhaphidifera'' van Soest, 1984 * '' Mycale microsigmatosa'' Arndt, 1927Reinaldo S. Compagnone, Maria C. Oliveri, Ivette C. Piña, Sheila Marques, Héctor R. Rangel, Fracehulli Dagger, AlÍrica I. Suárez & Matilde Gómez. 1999: 5-Alkylpyrrole-2-Carboxaldehydes From the Caribbean Sponges ''Mycale Microsigmatosa'' and ''Desmapsamma Anchorata''. Natural Product Letters, 13(3) :203=211. Family

Niphatidae Niphatidae is a family of demosponges in the order Haplosclerida, first described in 1980 by Rob van Soest. It contains the following genera: * ''Amphimedon (sponge), Amphimedon'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 * ''Cribrochalina'' Schmidt, 1870 ...

* '' Amphimedon compressa'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 * '' Amphimedon viridis'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 * '' Gelliodes ramosa'' Kieschnick, 1898 * '' Neopetrosia subtriangularis'' (Duchassaing, 1850) * '' Niphates erecta'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Family Ophlitaspongiidae * '' Biemna caribea'' Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 * '' Biemna microstyla'' Laubenfels, 1950 * '' Desmacella jania'' Verrill, 1907 * '' Desmacella meliorata'' Wiedenmayer, 1977 Family

Petrosiidae Petrosiidae is a family of sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channe ...

* '' Neopetrosia subtriangularis'' (Duchassaing, 1850) Family Phloeodictyidae * '' Oceanapia nodosa'' (George & Wilson, 1919) Family Placospongiidae * '' Placospongia intermedia'' Sollas, 1888 Family Spirastrellidae * '' Desmacella jania'' Family

Spongiidae Spongiidae is a family of sea sponges in the order Dictyoceratida. Genera *'' Coscinoderma'' Carter, 1883 *''Evenor'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 *''Hippospongia'' Schulze, 1879 *' Lendenfeld, 1888 *'' Leiosella'' Lendenfeld, 1888 *'' Rhopal ...

* '' Spongia pertusa'' Hyatt, 1877 * ''

Spongia officinalis ''Spongia officinalis'', better known as a variety of bath sponge, is a commercially used sea sponge. Individuals grow in large lobes with small openings and are formed by a mesh of primary and secondary fibers. It is light grey to black in color ...

'' Linnaeus, 1759 * '' Spongia tubulifera'' Lamarck, 1814 * '' Spongia zimocca'' Schmidt, 1862 Family

Suberitidae Suberitidae is a family of sea sponges belonging to the order Suberitida. Genera *Suberites *Homaxinella *Rhizaxinella *Caulospongia *Pseudospongosorites *Aaptos ... References

Suberitidae, Sponge families {{demosponge-stub ...

* '' Prosuberites laughlini'' (Díaz, Álvarez & van Soest, 1987) * ''

Suberites aurantiacus ''Suberites'' is a genus of sea sponges in the family (biology), family Suberitidae. Sponges, known scientifically as ''Porifera'', are the oldest metazoans and are used to elucidate the basics of multicellular evolution. These living fossils are ...

'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) * '' Terpios fugax'' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 * '' Terpios zeteki'' Laubenfels 1936 * ''

Terpios manglaris ''Terpios'' is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Suberitidae. Species *''Terpios aploos'' de Laubenfels, 1954 *''Terpios australiensis'' Hentschel, 1909 *''Terpios belindae'' Rützler & Smith, 1993 *''Terpios cruciata'' (Dendy, 190 ...

'' Rützler & Smith, 1993 Family Sycettidae * ''

Sycon ''Sycon'' is a genus of calcareous sponges The calcareous sponges of class Calcarea are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges. They are characterized by spicules made of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or ar ...

'' Family

Tethyidae Tethyidae is a family of sea sponges belonging to the order Tethyida. ReferencesTethyidae
at

Tethya actinia ''Tethya actinia'' is a sea sponge belonging to the family (biology), family Tethyidae. While it is highly toxic to fish, it is known to be preyed upon by the hawksbill turtle, ''Eretmochelys imbricata''. References

Hadromerida Animals ...

'' de Laubenfels, 1950 * ''

Tethya seychellensis ''Tethya'' is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family (biology), family Tethyidae. Members of this genus all have a spherical body formBranch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010. ''Two Oceans: a guide to the marine ...

'' (Wright, 1881) Family Tedaniide * '' Tedania ignis'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864) * '' Lissodendoryx isodictyalis'' (Carter, 1882) Family

Tetillidae Tetillidae is a family of marine sponges. Tetillids are more or less spherical sponges (sometimes referred to as golf ball sponges) which are found commonly in all marine habitats at all depths throughout the world. They are especially common in ...

* '' Cinachyrella apion'' (Uliczka, 1929) * '' Cinachyrella kuekenthali'' (Uliczka, 1929) * '' Cinachyrella tarentina'' (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) Family

Thorectidae Thorectidae is a family of sea sponges in the order Dictyoceratida Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that m ...

* '' Hyrtios proteus' Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 * '' Hyrtios violaceus'' (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864)

Freshwater sponges

Family

Metaniidae Metaniidae is a family of freshwater sponges, with five genera and 26 species: * '' Acalle'' Gray, 1867 ** '' Acalle recurvata'' (Bowerbank, 1863) * '' Corvomeyenia'' Weltner, 1913 ** '' Corvomeyenia carolinensis'' Harrison, 1971 ** '' Corvomeyen ...

* '' Acalle recurvata'' (Bowerbank, 1863) y 2000: Esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Desmopongiae) de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 20(1):1-28 * '' Drulia browni'' (Bowerbank, 1863) * '' Drulia conifera'' Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973 * '' Drulia cristata'' (Weltner, 1895) * '' Drulia uruguayensis'' Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968 * '' Metania reticulata'' (Bowerbank, 1863) Family

Potamolepidae Potamolepidae is a family of freshwater sponges, with seven genera: Description This family contains freshwater sponges with a variety of body shapes, ranging from encrusting, massive to arborescent with irregular lobes, ridges or branches. Th ...

* '' Onosclera intermedia'' (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973) * '' Onosclera navicella'' (Carter, 1881) * '' Onosclera spinifera'' (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973) * '' Uruguaya corallioides'' (Bowerbank, 1863) Family

Spongillidae Spongilidae is a family of sponges that live in freshwater lakes and rivers. The following genera are recognized in the family: * ''Anheteromeyenia'' Schröder, 1927 * ''Corvoheteromeyenia'' Ezcurra de Drago, 1979 * ''Corvospongilla'' Annandale, ...

* '' Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera'' (Ezcurra de drago, 1974) * '' Saturnospongilla carvalhoi'' Volkmer-Rivero, 1976 * '' Spongilla alba'' Carter, 1849 * '' Pottsiela spoliata'' Volkmer-Rivero & Maciel, 1983 * '' Trochospongilla gregaria'' (Bowerbank, 1863) * '' Trochospongilla minuta'' (Postt, 1887) * '' Trochospongilla paulula'' (Bowerbank, 1863)

References

{{reflist

Other references

* Álvarez, A. I. 1989. Establecimiento, desarrollo y mantenimiento de una comunidad epibentónica tropical. ettlement, Development and Maintenance of a Tropical Epibenthic Community.Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. * Diaz, M. C., S. Pauls, E. Villamizar, A. Alvizu, M. E. Amaro, M. Cellamare, S. Grune, I. Hernández, S. Narciso, A. Pérez, J. Pérez, I. Ramírez, R. Ramos, M. P. Romero, and P. Young. 2003. Porifera Biodiversity in Nueva Esparta, Venezuela: Common Species from La Restinga and Cabugua Island. Abstract. The Twin Cays Mangrove Ecosystem, Belize: Biodiversity, Geological History, and Two Decades of Change. Report from a Workshop, Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, Florida, December 2003. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. * Pauls, S. 1998. Estudio Sistemático y Biodiversidad de Porifera y Cnidaria en la Bahía de la P. N. Henri Pittier. ystematic and Diversity Study of Porifera and Cnidaria of the Ciénaga de Ocumare de la Costa Bay, Henri Pittier National Park.Caracas: Escuela de Biología, Universidad Central de Venezuela. * Pauls, S. 2003. “Esponjas.” In Biodiversidad en Venezuela. ��Sponges.”In Biodiversity of Venezuela. ed. M. Aguilera, A. Azocar, and E. Gonzales, pp. 210– 219. Caracas, Venezuela: Polar Foundation and Ministry of Science and Technology. * Pérez, A. 2007. Biodiversidad y Estructura Comunitaria de Poriferos Asociados a Raíces del Manglar, Rhizophora mangle, en el P. N. Laguna de La Restinga, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. iodiversity and Community Structure of Porifers Associated to Mangrove Roots, Rizophora mangle, in Laguna de La Restinga National Park, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. * Ramírez, I. 2002. Taxonomía de Esponjas (Porifera: Demospongiae) de la Laguna de Bocaripo, Estado Sucre, e Islote Caribe, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela. axonomy of the Sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) of Bocaripo Lagoon, Estado Sucre, and Caribe Island, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela.Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná.

External links

M. Cristina Diaz and Klaus Rützler. 2001: Sponges: an essential component of Caribbean coral reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2): 535–546

World Register of Marine Species (Worms)

World Porifera database

Videos

Diving Los Roques HD / Buceo Los Roques HD / Mergulho Los Roques HD
Venezuela, List Poriferans

Sponges Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through ...

Lists of invertebrates

Statistics

Marine sponges

Freshwater sponges

See also

References

Other references

External links

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