This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.

Afro-Asiatic languages

Cushitic languages

* Kayla * Qwara

Semitic languages

Arabic languages

* Judeo-Arabic :* Judeo- Algerian Arabic (extinct) :* Judeo- Andalusian Arabic (extinct) :* Judeo- Egyptian Arabic (extinct) :*

Judeo-Iraqi Arabic Judeo-Iraqi Arabic ( ar, عربية يهودية عراقية), also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews currently or formerly living in Iraq. It is estimated that there are speakers in Israel (a ...

:* Judeo- Levantine Arabic (extinct) :* Judeo-Moroccan Arabic :*

Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic (also known as Tripolitanian Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Tripolitanian-Libyan Arabic, Tripolita'it, Yudi) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews formerly living in Libya. Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic differs from standard Libyan ...

:* Judeo-Tunisian Arabic :*

Judeo-Yemeni Arabic Judeo-Yemeni Arabic (also known as Judeo-Yemeni and Yemenite Judeo-Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Yemen. The language is quite different from mainstream Yemeni Arabic, and is written in the Hebrew alpha ...

* Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic

Aramaic languages

Judeo-Aramaic Judaeo-Aramaic languages represent a group of Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages. Early use Aramaic, like Hebrew, is a Northwest Semitic language, and the two share many features. From the 7th century BCE, Aramaic became the ...

:* Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic) :* Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (extinct) ::* Galilean dialect (extinct) :* Lishana Deni (Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic) :* Lishan Didan (Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic) :* Lishanid Noshan (Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic)

Other Afro-Asiatic languages

* Judeo-Berber (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)

Dravidian languages

* Judeo-Malayalam (both written in local alphabets)

Indo-European languages

Germanic languages

* Jewish English languages *

Lachoudisch Lachoudisch was a dialect of German, containing many Hebrew and Yiddish words, native to the Bavarian town of Schopfloch. It was created in the sixteenth century. Few speakers remained after the Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as th ...

(extinct) *

Lotegorisch Lotegorisch or ''Lottegorisch'' or ''Lekoudesch'' (older own description: ''lochne kodesch'', from the he, laschon = "tongue, language", and ''kodesch'' = "holy") is a trading language and Palatine variant of the secret language, Rotwelsch, spok ...

(extinct) *

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

Eastern Yiddish Yiddish dialects are Variety (linguistics), variants of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness. Linguistically, Yiddish is divided in distinct Eastern and Western dialects. ...

Western Yiddish Yiddish dialects are variants of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness. Linguistically, Yiddish is divided in distinct Eastern and Western dialects. While the Western diale ...

Indo-Aryan languages

* Judeo- Gujarati * Judeo-

Hindustani Hindustani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Hindustan (another name of India) * Hindustani language, an Indo-Aryan language, whose two official norms are Hindi and Urdu * Fiji Hindi, a variety of Eastern Hindi spoken in Fiji, and ...

* Judeo-Marathi * Judeo-Urdu

Iranian languages

* Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik) (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of

Samarkand fa, سمرقند , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top:Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zinda, ...

) * Judeo-Golpaygani (Possibly extinct) * Judeo-Hamedani (Possibly extinct) * Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi) * Judeo-Shirazi * Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)

Romance languages

* Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages) :* Judeo-Aragonese (extinct, but have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje) ::* Judeo-

Navarro-Aragonese Navarro-Aragonese is a Romance language once spoken in a large part of the Ebro River basin, south of the middle Pyrenees, although it is only currently spoken in a small portion of its original territory. The areas where it was spoken might have ...

with a significant Jewish koiné of

Tudela Tudela may refer to: *Tudela, Navarre, a town and municipality in northern Spain ** Benjamin of Tudela Medieval Jewish traveller ** William of Tudela, Medieval troubadour who wrote the first part of the ''Song of the Albigensian Crusade'' ** Battl ...

(extinct) :* Judeo- Asturleonese (extinct, but still have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish) :* Judeo- Emilian-Romagnol (e.g., the citilects of

Modena Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...

, and

Ferrara Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...

) (almost extinct) :* Judeo-French (Zarphatic): a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct) :*

Judeo-Gascon Judeo-Gascon is a sociolect of the Gascon language, formerly spoken among the Spanish and Portuguese Jews who settled during the 16th century in the cities of Bordeaux, Bayonne and in the south-west part of Landes of Gascony (most notably in P ...

(also was used by latest Sephardic migrants) (extinct) :*

Judeo-Italian Judeo-Italian (or Judaeo-Italian, Judæo-Italian, and other names including Italkian) is an endangered Jewish language, with only about 200 speakers in Italy and 250 total speakers today. The language is one of the Italian languages. Some wor ...

with a wide range of dialects and city koinés (including zones of so-called ''Toscani'' ( Tuscan, e.g. the citylect of

Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn (pronou ...

) and ''Mediani'' ( Middle Italian, besides all the city koiné of Rome) dialects) :* Judeo- Lombard (e.g., the citylect of Mantua) (almost extinct) :*

Judeo-Piedmontese Judaeo-Piedmontese was the vernacular language of the Italian Jews living in Piedmont, Italy, from about the 15th century until World War II. It was based on the Piedmontese language, with many loanwords from ancient Hebrew, Provençal, and Spanish ...

(almost extinct) :* Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands) and Judeo- Galician (extinct) :*

Judeo-Provençal Shuadit (also spelled ''Chouhadite'', ''Chouhadit'', ''Chouadite'', ''Chouadit'', and ''Shuhadit''), also called Judæo-Occitan or less accurately Judæo-Provençal or Judæo-Comtadin, is an extinct Occitan dialect historically spoken by French ...

(extinct) :* Judeo- Sicilian (including the zone of so-called ''Meridionali Estremi'' (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily,

Calabria , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

and

Apulia it, Pugliese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographic ...

, including Judeo-

Salentino Salentino () is a dialect of the Extreme Southern Italian ( in Italian) spoken in the Salento peninsula, which is the southern part of the region of Apulia at the southern "heel" of the Italian peninsula. Overview Salentino is a dialect of the ...

Corfu Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...

) (extinct or almost extinct) :*Judeo- Southern Italian varieties (including the zone of so-called ''Meridionali'' (Intermediate Southern Italian) dialects) (almost extinct) :* Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino) ::* Haketia ::*

Tetuani Tetuani (or ; ar, تطوانى; or ''Haketia'') is a dialect of Judaeo-Spanish, a Jewish Romance language historically spoken by the North African Sephardim in the Algerian city of Oran.Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

, including Judeo-Venetian of

(almost extinct)

Other Indo-European languages

* Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) (extinct) * Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic) :* Judeo- Sicilian Greek (extinct) * Judeo-Koiné Greek (extinct)

Kartvelian languages

* Judeo-Georgian * Judeo- Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–

Samurzakano Samurzakano ( ka, სამურზაყანო, ''Samurzak'ano'', ''Samurzaqano'') is a historical region in southeastern Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially t ...

dialect of Mingrelian, e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian) (almost extinct)

Turkic languages

* Judeo-

Azerbaijani Azerbaijani may refer to: * Something of, or related to Azerbaijan * Azerbaijanis * Azerbaijani language See also * Azerbaijan (disambiguation) * Azeri (disambiguation) * Azerbaijani cuisine * Culture of Azerbaijan The culture of Azerbaijan ...

(dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of

Miyandoab Miandoab ( fa, مياندوآب) is a city and capital of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 135,880, in 38,704 families. Demographics Miandoab is largely populated by Azerbaijanis. Geography ...

) * Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct) * Judeo-Turkish (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them) *

Karaim Karaite or Qaraite may refer to: *Karaite Judaism, a Jewish religious movement that rejects the Talmud ** Crimean Karaites, an ethnic group derived from Turkic-speaking adherents of Karaite Judaism in Eastern Europe *** Karaim language, Turkic l ...

(almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)

References

{{Reflist Jewish diaspora Jewish diaspora Jewish languages