List of inventors

This is a list of notable inventors.

Alphabetical list

A

* Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986), Russia – camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread), gearless ice climbing anchor
* Ernst Karl Abbe (1840–1905), Germany – Condenser (microscope), apochromatic lens, refractometer
* Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932), USSR/Russia – tricolor principle of the color television
* Samuel W. Alderson (1914–2005), U.S. – Crash test dummy
* Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982), Russia/France – Pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)
* Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980), Russia/USSR – Ekranoplan
* Randi Altschul (born 1960), U.S. – Disposable cellphone
* Bruce Ames (born 1928), U.S. – Ames test (Cell biology)
* Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863), Italy – Dipleidoscope, Amici prism
* Ruth Amos (born 1989), UK – StairSteady
* Mary Anderson (1866–1953), U.S. – windshield wiper blade
* Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), Japan – Instant noodles
* Hal Anger (1920–2005), U.S. – Well counter (radioactivity measurements), gamma camera
* Anders Knutsson Ångström (1888–1981), Sweden – Pyranometer
* Ottomar Anschütz (1846–1907), Germany – single-curtain focal-plane shutter, electrotachyscope
* Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe (1872–1931), Germany – Gyrocompass
* Virginia Apgar (1909–1974), U.S. – Apgar score (for newborn babies)
* Nicolas Appert (1749–1841), France – canning (food preservation) using glass bottles, see also Peter Durand
* Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC), Greece – Archimedes' screw
* Guido of Arezzo (c. 991–c. 1033), Italy – Guidonian notation, see musical notation and also staff (music)
* Ami Argand (1750–1803), France – Argand lamp
* William George Armstrong (1810–1900), UK – hydraulic accumulator
* Neil Arnott (1788–1874), UK – waterbed
* Joseph Aspdin (1788–1855), UK – Portland cement
* John Vincent Atanasoff (1903–1995), Bulgaria/U.S. – electronic digital computer
* Marcel Audiffren, France – refrigeration, patent

B

* Charles Babbage (1791–1871), UK – Analytical engine (semi-automatic)
* Tabitha Babbit (1779–1853), U.S. – Saw mill circular saw
* Victor Babeș (1854–1926), Romania – Babesia, the founder of serum therapy
* Leo Baekeland (1863–1944), Belgian–American – Velox photographic paper and Bakelite
* Ralph H. Baer (1922–2014), German born American – video game console
* Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917), Germany – Fluorescein, synthetic Indigo dye, Phenolphthalein
* John Logie Baird (1888–1946), Scotland – World's first working television, 26 January 1926 and electronic colour television
* Abi Bakr of Isfahan (c. 1235), Persia/Iran – mechanical geared astrolabe with lunisolar calendar
* George Ballas (1925–2011), U.S. – String trimmer
* Frederick Banting (1891–1941), Canada – Insulin
* Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944), Russia/France – Optophonic Piano
* John Barber (1734–1801), UK – gas turbine
* John Bardeen (1908–1991), U.S. – co-inventor of the transistor, with Brattain and Schockley
* Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993), Russia – first rocket launch complex (spaceport)
* Anthony R. Barringer (1925–2009), Canada/U.S. – INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system
* Earl W. Bascom (1906–1995), Canada/U.S. – rodeo bucking chute (1916 and 1919), rodeo bronc saddle (1922), rodeo bareback rigging (1924), rodeo riding chaps (1926)
* Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
* Patricia Bath (1942–2019), U.S. - inventor of laser cataract surgery
* Émile Baudot (1845–1903), France – Baudot code
* Eugen Baumann (1846–1896), Germany – PVC
* Trevor Baylis (1937–2018), UK – a wind-up radio
* Maria Beasley (1847–1904), U.S. – barrel-hooping machine, improved life raft
* Francis Beaufort (1774–1857), Ireland/UK – Beaufort scale, Beaufort cipher
* Hans Beck (1929–2009), Germany – inventor of Playmobil toys
* Arnold O. Beckman (1900–2004), U.S. – electric pH meter
* Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927), Russia – Bekhterev's Mixture
* Josip Belušić (1847–1905), Croatia – electric speedometer
* Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), UK, Canada, and U.S. – telephone
* Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905), Russian Empire – arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method)
* Ruth R. Benerito (1916–2013), U.S. – Permanent press (no-iron clothing)
* Miriam Benjamin (1861–1947), Washington, D.C. – Gong and signal chair (adopted by House of Representatives and precursor to flight attendant signal system)
* William R. Bennett Jr. (1930–2008), together with Ali Javan (1926–2016), U.S./Iran – Gas laser (Helium-Neon)
* Melitta Bentz (1873–1950), Germany – paper Coffee filter
* Karl Benz (1844–1929), Germany – the petrol-powered automobile
* Hans Berger (1873–1941), Germany – first human EEG and its development
* Friedrich Bergius (1884–1949), Germany – Bergius process (synthetic fuel from coal)
* Emile Berliner (1851–1929), Germany and U.S. – the disc record gramophone
* Tim Berners-Lee (born 1955), UK – with Robert Cailliau, the World Wide Web
* Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907), France – Berthelot's reagent (chemistry)
* Heinrich Bertsch (1897–1981), Germany – first fully synthetic laundry detergent "Fewa" (chemistry)
* Charles Best (1899–1978), Canada – Insulin (chemistry)
* Max Bielschowsky (1869–1940), Germany – Bielschowsky stain (histology)
* Alfred Binet (1857–1911), France – with his student Théodore Simon (1872–1961), first practical Intelligence test
* Lucio Bini (1908–1964), together with Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
* Gerd Binnig (born 1947), with Christoph Gerber, Calvin Quate and Heinrich Rohrer, Germany/Switzerland/U.S. – Atomic force microscope and Scanning tunneling microscope
* Clarence Birdseye (1886–1956), U.S. – Flash freezing
* László Bíró (1899–1985), Hungary – Ballpoint pen
* Thor Bjørklund (1889–1975), Norway – Cheese slicer
* J. Stuart Blackton (1875–1941), U.S. – Stop-motion film
* Otto Blathy (1860–1939), Hungary – co-inventor of the transformer, wattmeter, alternating current (AC) and turbogenerator
* John Blenkinsop (1783–1831), UK – Blenkinsop rack railway system
* Charles K. Bliss (1897–1985), Austro-Hungary/Australia – Blissymbols
* Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898–1979), U.S. – nonreflective glass
* Alan Blumlein (1903–1942), UK – stereo
* David Boggs (1950–2022), U.S. – Ethernet
* Nils Bohlin (1920–2002), Sweden – the three-point seat belt
* Sarah Boone (1832–1908), U.S. – improved ironing board design
* Charlie Booth (1903–2008), Australia – Starting blocks
* Sam Born (1891–1959), Russia/U.S. – lollipop-making machine
* Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858–1937), India – Crescograph
* Matthew Piers Watt Boulton (1820–1894), UK – aileron
* Seth Boyden (1788–1870), U.S. – nail-making machine
* Herbert Boyer (born 1936), together with Paul Berg (1926–), and Stanley Norman Cohen (1935–), U.S. – created first Genetically modified organism
* Willard Boyle (1924–2011) together with George E. Smith (born 1930), U.S. – Charge-coupled device (CCD)
* Hugh Bradner (1915–2008), U.S. – Wetsuit
* Louis Braille (1809–1852), France – Braille writing system, Braille musical notation
* Jacques E. Brandenberger (1872–1954), Switzerland – Cellophane
* Édouard Branly (1844–1940), France – Coherer
* Charles F. Brannock (1903–1992), U.S. – Brannock Device (shoe size)
* Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987), U.S.– co-inventor of the transistor
* Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850–1918), Germany – cathode-ray tube oscilloscope
* Stanislav Brebera (1925–2012), Czech Republic – Semtex explosive
* David Brewster (1781–1868), UK – Kaleidoscope
* Charles B. Brooks (1865–?), U.S. - first self-propelled street sweeping truck
* Rachel Fuller Brown (1898–1980), U.S. – Nystatin, the world's first antifungal antibiotic
* William C. Brown (1916–1999), U.S. – Crossed-field amplifier
* Marie Van Brittan Brown (1922–1999), U.S. – home security system
* Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn (1853–1927), Germany – Taximeter
* Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014), USSR, Russia – ternary computer (''Setun'')
* Dudley Allen Buck (1927–1959), U.S. – Cryotron, content-addressable memory
* Edwin Beard Budding (1795–1846), UK – lawnmower
* Gersh Budker (1918–1977), Russia – electron cooling, co-inventor of collider
* Edward Bull (1759–1798), England – Bull engine (a modified steam engine)
* Robert Bunsen (1811–1899), Germany – Bunsen burner
* Henry Burden (1791–1871), Scotland and U.S. – Horseshoe machine, first usable iron railroad spike

C

* Robert Cailliau (born 1947), Belgium – with Tim Berners-Lee, the World Wide Web
* Edward A. Calahan (1838–1912), U.S. – Stock ticker tape
* Nicholas Callan (1799–1864), Ireland – Induction coil
* Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (1863–1930), Scotland – Television
* Tullio Campagnolo (1901–1983), Italy – Quick release skewer
* Charles Cantor (born 1942), U.S. – Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (molecular biology)
* Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), together with Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), and Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), U.S. – Gene targeting
* Arturo Caprotti (1881–1938), Italy – Caprotti valve gear
* Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), Italy – Cardan grille (cryptography)
* Philip Cardew (1851–1910), UK – Hot-wire galvanometer
* Chester Carlson (1906–1968), U.S. – Xerographic copier
* Wallace Carothers (1896–1937), U.S. – Nylon and Neoprene (together with Arnold Collins)
* Antonio Benedetto Carpano (1764–1815), Italy – Vermouth
* Giovanni Caselli (1815–1891), Italy/France – Pantelegraph
* George Cayley (1773–1857), UK – tension-spoke wheels
* Anders Celsius (1701–1744), Sweden – Celsius temperature scale
* Vint Cerf (born 1943), together with Bob Kahn (1938–), U.S. – Internet Protocol (IP)
* Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), together with Lucio Bini (1908–1964), Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
* Charles Chamberland (1851–1908), France – Chamberland filter
* Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), together with Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
* Thomas Chang (born 1933), Canada/China – Artificial cell
* Emmett Chapman (1936–2021), U.S. – Chapman Stick
* Claude Chappe (1763–1805), France – Semaphore line
* David Chaum (born 1955), U.S. – Digital signatures, ecash
* Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984), USSR – First space station (Salyut)
* Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), USSR – Cherenkov detector
* Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902-?), Russia – pressure suit
* Alicia Chong Rodriguez - American engineer and inventor
* Ward Christensen (born 1945), U.S. – Bulletin board system
* Ole Kirk Christiansen (1891–1958), Denmark – Creator of Lego
* Samuel Hunter Christie (1784–1865), UK – Wheatstone bridge
* Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), Spain – the autogyro
* Charles Clagget (1740–1795), UK – Improvements for musical instruments
* Leland Clark (1918–2005), U.S. – Clark electrode (medicine)
* Georges Claude (1870–1960), France – neon lamp
* Henri Marie Coandă (1886–1972), Romania – Coandă effect
* Josephine Cochrane (1839–1913), U.S. – dishwasher
* Christopher Cockerell (1910–1999), UK – Hovercraft
* Aeneas Coffey (1780–1852), Ireland – Coffey still
* Sir Henry Cole (1808–1882), UK – Christmas card
* Samuel Colt (1814–1862), U.S. – Revolver development
* Sir William Congreve (1772–1828), UK – Congreve rocket
* George Constantinescu (1881–1965), Romania – creator of the theory of sonics, a new branch of continuum mechanics
* Albert Coons (1912–1978), U.S. – Immunofluorescence (microscopy)
* Martin Cooper (born 1928), U.S. – Mobile phone
* Harry Coover (1917–2011), U.S. – Super Glue
* Lloyd Groff Copeman (1865–1956), U.S. – Electric stove
* Cornelis Corneliszoon
* Alexander Coucoulas (born 1933), U.S. – Thermosonic bonding
* Wallace H. Coulter (1913–1998), U.S. – Coulter principle
* Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), France – co-inventor of the aqualung and the Nikonos underwater camera
* John "Jack" Higson Cover Jr. (1920–2009), U.S. – Taser
* William Crookes (1832–1919), UK – Crookes radiometer, Crookes tube
* Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731), Italy – piano
* Caresse Crosby (1891–1970), U.S. - Modern bra
* S. Scott Crump (inv. c. 1989), U.S. – fused deposition modeling
* Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (1725–1804), France – first steam-engine, steam-powered road vehicle
* William Cullen (1710–1790), UK – first artificial refrigerator
* Jan Czochralski (1885–1953), Poland / Germany – Czochralski process (crystal growth)

D

* Gustaf Dalén, Nils Gustaf Dalén (1869–1937), Sweden – AGA cooker, Dalén light, Agamassan, Sun valve for lighthouses and buoys
* John Frederic Daniell (1790–1845), UK – Daniell cell
* Corradino D'Ascanio (1891–1981), Italy – Vespa scooter
* Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Italy – helicopter, tanks, and parachutes for safety
* Robert Davidson (inventor), Robert Davidson (1804-1894), Scotland - electric locomotive
* Jacob Davis (inventor), Jacob Davis (1868–1908), U.S. – Jeans#Riveted jeans, Riveted jeans
* Humphry Davy (1778–1829), UK – Davy lamp, Davy miners lamp
* Joseph Day (inventor), Joseph Day (1855–1946), UK – the crankcase-compression two-stroke engine
* Lee de Forest (1873–1961), U.S. – Phonofilm, triode
* Fe del Mundo (1911–2011), Philippines – non-electric incubator
* Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk (1927–2006), Russia – 3D holography
* Robert H. Dennard (born 1932), U.S. – Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
* Miksa Déri (1854–1938), Hungary – co-inventor of an improved closed-core transformer
* Robert DeStefano (born 1962), U.S. - exercise equipment
* James Dewar (1842–1923), UK – vacuum flask, Thermos flask
* Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918), Russia – Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound
* W.K. Dickson, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (1860–1935), UK – motion picture camera
* Philip Diehl (inventor), Philip Diehl (1847–1913), U.S. – Ceiling fan
* Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), Germany – Diesel engine
* William H. Dobelle (1943–2004), U.S. – Visual prosthesis#Dobelle Eye, Dobelle Eye
* Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1780–1849), Germany – Döbereiner's lamp (chemistry)
* Toshitada Doi (born 1943), Japan, together with Joop Sinjou, Netherlands – Compact disc
* Ray Dolby (1933–2013), U.S. – Dolby noise-reduction system
* Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919), Poland/Russia – three-phase electric power
* Marion Donovan, Marion O'Brien Donovan (1917–1998), U.S. – Diaper, Waterproof diaper
* Hub van Doorne (1900–1979), Netherlands, Variomatic continuously variable transmission
* John Thompson Dorrance (1873–1930), U.S. – Soup#Canned, Condensed soup
* Amanda Minnie Douglas (1831–1916), writer and inventor (portable folding mosquito net frame)
* Charles Dow (1851–1902), U.S. – Dow Jones Industrial Average
* Mulalo Doyoyo (born 1970), South Africa/U.S. – Cenocell – cementless concrete
* Anastase Dragomir (1896–1966), Romania – Ejection seat
* Karl Drais (1785–1851), Germany – dandy horse, Draisine
* Richard Drew (Inventor), Richard Drew (1899–1980), U.S. – Masking tape
* John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921), UK – first practical pneumatic tyre
* Cyril Duquet (1841–1922), Canada – Handset#Telephony, Telephone handset
* Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977), Russia – deep column station
* James Dyson (born 1947), UK – Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation.

E

* George Eastman (1854–1932), U.S. – roll film
* J. Presper Eckert (1919–1995), U.S. – ENIAC, ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
* Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931), U.S. – phonograph, commercially practical incandescent light bulb, List of Edison patents, etc.
* Pehr Victor Edman (1916–1977), Sweden – Edman degradation for Protein sequencing
* Robert Edwards (physiologist), Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925–2013), UK – In vitro fertilisation
* Ellen Eglin (1849–c. 1890), U.S. – Clothes wringer
* Brendan Eich (born 1961), U.S. – JavaScript (programming language)
* Willem Einthoven (1860–1927), The Netherlands – the electrocardiogram
* Benjamin Eisenstadt (1906–1996), U.S. – Sugar packet
* Paul Eisler (1907–1992), Austria/U.S. – Printed circuit board (electronics)
* Giorgi Eliava (1892–1937), together with Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), France / Georgia – Phage therapy
* Ivan Elmanov, Russia – first monorail (horse-drawn)
* Rune Elmqvist (1906–1996), Sweden – implantable pacemaker
* John Haven Emerson (1906–1997), U.S. – Negative pressure ventilator, iron lung
* Douglas Engelbart (1925–2013), U.S. – the computer mouse
* John Ericsson (1803–1889), Sweden – the two screw-propeller
* Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), Germany – Erlenmeyer flask
* Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), together with Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), and Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), U.S. – Knockout mouse, Gene targeting
* Ole Evinrude (1877–1934), Norway – outboard motor

F

* Charles Fabry (1867–1945), together with Alfred Perot (1863–1925), France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer (physics)
* Samuel Face (1923–2001), U.S. – concrete flatness/levelness technology; Lightning Switch
* Federico Faggin (born 1941), Italy – microprocessor
* Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), The Netherlands – Fahrenheit temperature scale, Mercury-in-glass thermometer
* Michael Faraday (1791–1867), UK – electric transformer, electric motor
* Johann Maria Farina (1685–1766), Germany; Eau de Cologne
* Myra Juliet Farrell (1878–1957), Australia – stitchless button, Snap fastener, Press stud
* Philo Farnsworth (1906–1971), U.S. – electronics, electronic television
* Muhammad al-Fazari (died 796/806), Persia – astrolabe
* John Fenn (chemist), John Bennett Fenn (1917–2010), U.S. – Electrospray ionization
* Henry John Horstman Fenton (1854–1929), UK – Fenton's reagent (chemistry)
* James Fergason (1934–2008), U.S. – improved liquid crystal display
* Enrico Fermi (1901–1954), Italy – nuclear reactor
* Humberto Fernández-Morán (1924–1999), Venezuela – Scalpel, Diamond scalpel, Microtome, Ultra microtome
* Michele Ferrero (1925–2015), Italy – Kinder Surprise = Kinder Eggs, Nutella
* Bran Ferren (born 1953), U.S. – Pinch to zoom, Pinch-to-zoom (multi-touch), together with Danny Hillis, Daniel Hillis
* Reginald Fessenden (1866–1932), Canada – two-way radio
* Robert Feulgen (1884–1955), Germany – Feulgen stain (histology)
* Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick (1829–1901), Germany – contact lens
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887), Al-Andalus – fused quartz and silica glass, metronome
* Artur Fischer (inventor), Artur Fischer (1919–2016) Germany – fasteners including fischertechnik.
* Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), together with Fischer assay, Hans Schrader (1921–2012), Germany – Fischer assay (oil yield test)
* Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), together with Hans Tropsch (1889–1935), Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process (refinery process)
* Gerhard Fischer (inventor), Gerhard Fischer (1899–1988), Germany/U.S. – metal detector, hand-held metal detector
* Paul C. Fisher (1913–2006), U.S. – Space Pen
* Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), Scotland – Penicillin
* John Ambrose Fleming (1848–1945), UK – Vacuum tube, Vacuum diode
* Sandford Fleming (1827–1915), Canada – Universal Standard Time
* Nicolas Florine (1891–1972), Georgia (country), Georgia/Russia/Belgium – first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely
* Tommy Flowers (1905–1998), UK – Colossus computer, Colossus an early electronic computer.
* Thomas J. Fogarty (born 1934), U.S. – Thomas J. Fogarty, Embolectomy catheter (medicine)
* Enrico Forlanini (1848–1930), Italy – Enrico Forlanini, Steam helicopter, hydrofoil, List of Forlanini airships, Forlanini airships
* Eric Fossum (born 1957), U.S. – intra-pixel charge transfer in CMOS image sensors
* Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (1819–1868), France – Foucault pendulum, gyroscope, eddy current
* Benoît Fourneyron (1802–1867), France – water turbine
* John Fowler (agricultural engineer), John Fowler (1826–1864), UK – steam-driven ploughing engine
* Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), U.S. – the lightning rod, pointed lightning rod conductor, bifocals, bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, the glass harmonica
* Herman Frasch (1851–1914), Germany / U.S. – Frasch process (petrochemistry), Paraffin wax purification
* Ian Frazer, Ian Hector Frazer (born 1953), together with Jian Zhou (1957–1999), U.S./China – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
* Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827), France – Fresnel lens
* William Friese-Greene (1855–1921), UK – cinematography
* Julius Fromm (1883–1945), Germany – first seamless Condom
* Arthur Fry (born 1931), U.S. – Post-it note
* Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), U.S. – geodesic dome
* Gilhoolie, C. W. Fuller (inv. 1953), U.S. – Gilhoolie
* Robert Fulton (1765–1815), United States – first commercially successful steamboat, first practical submarine
* Ivan Fyodorov (printer), Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583), Russia/Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland–Lithuania – invented Barrel (firearms), multibarreled Mortar (weapon), mortar, introduced printing in Russia
* Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), Russia – radial keratotomy
* Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov, Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966), Russia – Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)

G

* Dennis Gabor (1900–1979), Hungarian-British – holography
* Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916), Russia – electromagnetism, electromagnetic seismograph
* Joseph G. Gall (born 1928), U.S. – In situ hybridization (cell biology)
* Bill Gallagher (inventor), Alfred William Gallagher (1911–1990), New Zealand – Electric fence for farmers
* Dmitri Z. Garbuzov, Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006), Russia/U.S. – continuous-wave-operating laser diode, diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasers
* Elmer R. Gates (1859–1923), U.S. – foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators, educational toy ("box & blocks")*
* Richard J. Gatling (1818–1903), U.S. – wheat drill, first successful machine gun
* Georgy Gause (1910–1986), Russia – gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics
* E. K. Gauzen, Russia – three bolt equipment (early standard diving dress, diving costume)
* Norman Gaylord (1923–2007), U.S. – rigid gas-permeable contact lens
* Karl-Hermann Geib (1908–1949), Germany / USSR – Girdler sulfide process
* Hans Wilhelm Geiger (1882–1945), Germany – Geiger counter
* Andre Geim, Andrey Geim (born 1958), Russia/United Kingdom – graphene
* Nestor Genko (1839–1904), Russia – Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)
* Christoph Gerber (1942–), with Calvin Quate (1923–2019), and with Gerd Binnig (1947–), Germany/U.S./Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
* Friedrich Clemens Gerke (1801–1888), Germany – current international Morse code#International Morse Code, Morse code
* David Gestetner (1854–1939), Austria-Hungary / UK – Gestetner, Gestetner copier
* Alberto Gianni (1891–1930), Italy – Torretta butoscopica
* John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), U.S. – Heart-lung machine
* Gustav Giemsa (1867–1948), Germany – Giemsa stain (histology)
* Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen (1903–1992), Austria – Giesl ejector
* Henri Giffard (1825–1882), France – powered airship, injector
* David J. Gingery (1932–2004), USA
* Donald A. Glaser (1926–2013), U.S. – Bubble chamber
* Joseph Glass (inventor), Joseph Glass (1791–1867), England – chimney-sweeping apparatus
* Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989), Russia – hypergolic propellant, Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket, liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170 (rocket engine), RD-170)
* Heinrich Göbel (1818–1893), Germany – incandescent lamp
* Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915), Russia – man-portable Mortar (weapon), mortar
* Robert Goddard (scientist), Robert Goddard (1882–1945), U.S. – liquid fuel rocket
* Sam Golden (1915–1997), together with Leonard Bocour (1910–1993), U.S. – Acrylic paint
* Peter Carl Goldmark (1906–1977), Hungary – vinyl record (LP), CBS color television
* Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italy – Golgi's method (histology)
* György Gömöri (1904–1957), Hungary / U.S. – Gömöri trichrome stain, Gömöri methenamine silver stain (histology)
* Lewis Gompertz (—1861), UK – expanding chuck, improved velocipede
* Sarah E. Goode (1855–1905), US – cabinet bed. First African-American woman to receive a United States patent.
* Charles Goodyear (1800–1860), U.S. – vulcanization, vulcanization of rubber
* Praveen Kumar Gorakavi (born 1989), India – low-cost Braille Typewriter
* Robert W. Gore (1937–2020), U.S. – Gore-Tex
* Igor Gorynin (1926–2015), Russia – weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, Radiation hardening, radiation-hardened steels
* James Gosling (born 1955), U.S. – Java (programming language)
* Gordon Gould (1920–2005), U.S. – Laser, see also Theodore Maiman
* Richard Hall Gower (1768–1833), UK – Transit (ship), ship's hull and rigging
* Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966), Russia – cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube
* Bette Nesmith Graham (1924–1980), U.S. – Correction fluid, Liquid Paper
* Iréne Grahn (1945–2013), Sweden – finger joint support for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
* Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), Denmark / Germany – Gram staining (histology)
* Zénobe Gramme (1826–1901), Belgium/France – Gramme dynamo
* Temple Grandin (born 1947), Inventor of the squeeze machine and humane abattoirs.
* Michael Grätzel (born 1944), Germany/Switzerland– Dye-sensitized solar cell
* James Henry Greathead (1844–1896), South Africa – tunnel boring machine, tunnelling shield technique
* Chester Greenwood (1858–1937), U.S. – Earmuffs, thermal earmuffs
* Lori Greiner (born 1969), U.S. – Silver Safekeeper anti-tarnish lining (jewelry organizers) and multiple consumer products, 120 US and foreign patents
* James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician), James Gregory (1638–1675), Scotland – Gregorian telescope
* William Griggs (inventor), William Griggs (1832–1911), England – a process of photolithography
* William Robert Grove (1811–1896), Wales – fuel cell
* Gustav Guanella (1909–1982), Switzerland – DSSS, Guanella-Balun
* Otto von Guericke (1602–1686), Germany – vacuum pump, manometer, dasymeter
* Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer), Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976), Russia – MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's List of most produced aircraft, most produced jet aircraft Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15, MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan)
* Goldsworthy Gurney (1793–1875), England – Gurney Stove
* Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685–1724), Brazil – early air balloons
* Johann Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), Germany – movable type printing press
* Samuel Guthrie (physician) (1782–1848), U.S. – discovered chloroform

H

* Fritz Haber (1868–1934), Germany – Haber process (ammonia synthesis)
* John Hadley (1682–1744), UK – octant (instrument), Octant
* Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Russia/Switzerland – first anti-cholera and anti-bubonic plague, plague vaccines
* Gunther von Hagens (born 1945), Germany – whole body Plastination
* Charles Martin Hall, Charles Hall (1863–1914), U.S. – aluminum production
* Robert N. Hall (1919–2016), U.S. – Laser diode, Semiconductor laser
* Samuel Hall (inventor), Samuel Hall (1782–1863), UK – condenser (heat transfer), condenser to enable recycling of water in ship's steam engine
* Tracy Hall (1919–2008), U.S. – synthetic diamond
* Nicholas Halse (died 1636), England – malt kiln
* Richard Hamming (1915–1998), U.S. – Hamming code
* John Hays Hammond Jr. (1888–1965), U.S. – radio control
* Ruth Handler (1916–2002), U.S. – Barbie doll
* James Hargreaves (1720–1778), UK – spinning jenny
* John Harington (writer), John Harington (1561–1612), UK – the flush toilet
* William Snow Harris (1791–1867), UK – much improved naval Lightning rods
* John Harrison (1693–1776), UK – marine chronometer
* Ross Granville Harrison (1870–1959), U.S. – first successful animal Tissue culture, Cell culture
* Kazuo Hashimoto (died 1995), Japan – Caller-ID, answering machine
* Victor Hasselblad (1906–1978), Sweden – invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1039), Iraq – camera obscura, pinhole camera, magnifying glass
* George H. Heilmeier (1936–2014), U.S. – liquid crystal display (LCD)
* Henry Heimlich (1920–2016), U.S. – Heimlich maneuver#Abdominal thrusts, Heimlich maneuver
* Robert A. Heinlein (1907–1988), U.S. – waterbed
* Jozef Karol Hell (1713–1789), Slovakia – the water pillar
* Rudolf Hell (1901–2002), Germany – the Hellschreiber
* Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Germany – Helmholtz pitch notation, Helmholtz resonator, ophthalmoscope
* Zhang Heng (78–139), China – Seismometer, first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere
* Beulah Louise Henry (1887–1973), U.S. – bobbin-free sewing machine, vacuum ice cream freezer
* Charles H. Henry (1937-2016), U.S. – Quantum well laser
* Joseph Henry (1797–1878), Scotland/U.S. – electromagnetic relay
* Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), together with Giorgi Eliava (1892–1937), France,Georgia – Phage therapy
* Hero of Alexandria, Heron (c. 10–70), Ægyptus, Roman Egypt – usually credited with invention of the aeolipile, although it may have been described a century earlier
* John Herschel (1792–1871), UK – photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer
* Harry Houdini (1874–1926) U.S. – flight time illusion
* Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), Germany – radio telegraphy, electromagnetic radiation
* Ephraim Hertzano (1912–1987), Roumania / Israel – Rummikub
* Lasse Hessel (1940–2019), Denmark – Female condom
* George de Hevesy (1885–1966), Hungary – radioactive tracer
* Ron Hickman, Ronald Price Hickman (1932–2011), U.S. – designed the original Lotus Elan#1960s Elan, Lotus Elan, the Lotus Elan#1960s Elan, Lotus Elan +2 and the Lotus Europa, as well as the Black & Decker Workmate
* Rowland Hill (postal reformer), Rowland Hill (1795–1879), UK – postage stamp
* Maurice Hilleman (1919–2005) – vaccines against childhood diseases
* Tanaka Hisashige (1799–1881), Japan – Myriad year clock
* Marcian Hoff, Ted Hoff (born 1937), U.S. – microprocessor
* Felix Hoffmann (Bayer) (1868–1949), Germany – Aspirin
* Albert Hofmann (1906–2008), Switzerland – LSD
* Kotaro Honda (1870–1954), Japan – KS steel
* Huang Hongjia (1924–2021), China – Single-mode optical fiber.
* Herman Hollerith (1860–1929), U.S. – recording data on a machine readable medium, tabulating machine, tabulator, punched cards
* Nick Holonyak (born 1928), U.S. – LED (Light Emitting Diode)
* Norman Holter (1914–1983), U.S. – Holter monitor
* Robert Hooke (1635–1703), UK – balance wheel, iris diaphragm, Tin can telephone, acoustic telephone
* Erna Schneider Hoover (born 1926), U.S. – computerized telephone switching system
* Harold Hopkins (physicist), Harold Hopkins (1918–1994), UK – zoom lens, rod lens endoscope
* Grace Hopper, Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992), U.S. – Compiler
* Frank Hornby (1863–1936), UK – invented Meccano
* Jimmy Hotz (born 1953), U.S. – Hotz MIDI Translator, Atari Hotz Box
* Royal Earl House (1814–1895), U.S. – first Printing telegraph
* Coenraad Johannes van Houten (1801–1887), Netherlands – cocoa powder, cacao butter, chocolate milk
* Elias Howe (1819–1867), U.S. – sewing machine
* David Edward Hughes (1831–1900), UK – printing telegraph
* Chuck Hull (born 1939), U.S. – 3D printing, 3D printer
* Troy Hurtubise (1963–2018), Canada – Trojan Ballistics Suit of Armor, Ursus suit, Firepaste, Angel Light
* Miller Reese Hutchison (1876–1944), U.S. – Klaxon, electric hearing aid
* Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Netherlands – pendulum clock
* John Wesley Hyatt (1837–1920), U.S. – celluloid manufacturing

I

* Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992), Russia – Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis
* Mamoru Imura (born 1948), Japan – RFIQin (automatic cooking device)
* Daisuke Inoue (born 1940), Japan – Karaoke machine
* János Irinyi (1817–1895), Hungary – noiseless match
* Ub Iwerks (1901–1971), U. S. – Multiplane camera for animation

J

* Moritz von Jacobi (1801–1874), Germany/Russia – electrotyping, electric boat
* Rudolf Jaenisch (born 1942), Germany/U.S. – first Genetically modified mouse
* Alcinous Burton Jamison (1851–1938), American physician, inventor of medical devices
* Karl Guthe Jansky (1905–1950), U.S. – radio telescope
* Karl Jatho (1873–1933), Germany – aeroplane
* Ali Javan (1926–2016), together with William R. Bennett Jr. (1930–2008), Iran/U.S. – Gas laser (Helium-Neon)
* Al-Jazari (1136–1206), Iraq – crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and Archimedes' screw, screwpump, elephant clock, Maintaining power, weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, Reciprocating engine, reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered Water supply network, water supply system, Program (machine), programmable humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing Automaton, automata, Flush toilet, flush mechanism, Laminate, lamination, Mechanical equilibrium, static balancing, paper model, sand casting, molding sand, intermittency, Linkage (mechanical), linkage
* Ibn Al-Jazzar (Algizar) (895–979), Tunisia – sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction treatment drugs
* Ányos Jedlik (1800–1898), Hungary – Dynamo#Jedlik's dynamo, Jedlik dynamo
* Alec Jeffreys, Alec John Jeffreys (born 1950), UK – DNA profiling (forensics)
* Charles Francis Jenkins (1867–1934), U.S. – television and movie projector (Phantoscope)
* Thomas L. Jennings (1791–1859), U.S. – novel method of dry cleaning
* Steve Jobs (1955–2011), U.S. – Apple Macintosh computer, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other devices, software operating systems and applications.
* Amos E. Joel Jr., Amos Edward Joel Jr. (1918–2008) U.S. – electrical engineer, known for several contributions and over seventy patents related to telecommunications switching systems
* Carl Edvard Johansson (1864–1943), Sweden – Gauge blocks
* Johan Petter Johansson (1853–1943), Sweden – Pipe wrench and adjustable spanner
* Reynold B. Johnson (1906–1998), U.S. – Hard disk drive
* Philipp von Jolly (1809–1884), Germany – Jolly balance
* Scott A. Jones (born 1960), U.S. – created one of the most successful versions of voicemail as well as ChaCha Search, a human-assisted internet Web search engine, search engine
* Tom Parry Jones (1935–2013), UK – first electronic Breathalyzer
* Assen Jordanoff (1896–1967), Bulgaria – airbag
* Marc Jorgenson, Canada, engineer, inventor and musician
* Anatol Josepho (1894–1980), patented the first coin-operated photo booth called the "Photomaton" in 1925.
* Marjorie Joyner (1896–1994), U.S. – Permanent wave machine
* Whitcomb Judson (1836–1909), U.S. – zipper
* Percy Lavon Julian (1899–1975), U.S. – chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants
* Ma Jun (mechanical engineer), Ma Jun (''fl.'' 220–265), China – south-pointing chariot (see differential gear), mechanical puppet theater, chain pumps, improved silk looms

K

* Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013), Russia – AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (the most produced ever)
* Bob Kahn (born 1938), together with Vint Cerf (born 1943), U.S. – Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
* Dawon Kahng (1931–1992), South Korea, together with Simon Sze (born 1936), Taiwan/U.S. – Floating-gate MOSFET
* Dean Kamen (born 1951), U.S. – Invented the Segway HT scooter and the IBOT Mobility Device
* Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926), Netherlands – helium, liquid helium
* Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973), Russia – armored battle autogyro, Kamov, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters
* Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984), Russia – first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions
* Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941), Russia – rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)
* Jamshīd al-Kāshī (c. 1380–1429), Persia/Iran – plate of Conjunction (astronomy and astrology), conjunctions, analog planetary Analog computer, computer
* Andrew Kay (1919–2014), U.S. – Voltmeter#Digital voltmeter, Digital voltmeter
* Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943), France/Russia – Kégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual-clutch transmission
* Carl D. Keith (1920–2008), together with John J. Mooney (1930–2020), U.S. – three way Catalytic converter#Types, catalytic converter
* Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978), Latvia/Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Sergey Korolyov, Korolyov and Mikhail Tikhonravov, Tikhonravov
* John Harvey Kellogg (1852–1943), corn flakes, cornflake breakfasts
* John G. Kemeny (1926–1992), together with Thomas E. Kurtz (born 1928), Hungary/U.S. – BASIC (programming language)
* Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003), Russia – first space exploration Rover (space exploration), rover (Lunokhod programme, Lunokhod)
* Mary Kenner (1912–2006), U.S. – sanitary napkin, sanitary belt
* William Saville-Kent (1845–1908), UK/Australia – Cultured pearl, Pearl culture, see also Mikimoto Kōkichi
* Kerim Kerimov (1917–2003), Azerbaijan and Russia – co-developer of human spaceflight, space dock, space station
* Jacques de Kervor (1928-2010), French industrial designer
* Charles F. Kettering (1876–1958), U.S. – invented automobile self-starter ignition, Freon Tetra ethyl lead, ethyl gasoline and more
* Fazlur Khan (1929–1982), Bangladesh – structural systems for high-rise skyscrapers
* Yulii Khariton (1904–1996), Russia – chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomba
* Anatoly Kharlampiyev (1906–1979), Russia – Sambo (martial art)
* Al-Khazini (''fl.''1115–1130), Persia/Iran – hydrostatic balance
* Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984), Russia – underwater welding
* Abu-Mahmud Khojandi (c. 940–1000), Persia/Iran – sextant (astronomical), astronomical sextant
* Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (Algoritmi) (c. 780–850), Persia/Iran – modern algebra, mural instrument, horary quadrant, Sine quadrant, shadow square
* Johann Kiefuss – inventor in Nuremberg in 1517
* Marcel Kiepach (1894–1915), Croatia – dynamo, maritime compass that indicates north regardless of the presence of iron or magnetic forces
* Erhard Kietz (1909–1982), Germany & U.S. – signal improvements for video transmissions
* Jack Kilby (1923–2005), U.S. – patented the first integrated circuit
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801–873), Iraq/Yemen – unambiguously described the distillation of wine in the 9th century, cryptanalysis, frequency analysis
* Petrus Jacobus Kipp (1808–1864), The Netherlands – Kipp's apparatus (chemistry)
* Steve Kirsch (born 1956), U.S. – Optical mouse
* Fritz Klatte (1880–1934), Germany – vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride
* Yves Klein (1928–1962), France – International Klein Blue
* Margaret E. Knight (1838–1914), U.S. – machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags
* Tom Knight (scientist), Tom Knight (? – ), U.S. – BioBricks (synthetic biology)
* Ivan Knunyants (1906–1990), Armenia/Russia – capron, Nylon 6, polyamide-6
* Robert Koch (1843–1910), Germany – method for culturing bacteria on solid media
* Willem Johan Kolff (1911–2009), Netherlands – artificial kidney hemodialysis machine
* Rudolf Kompfner (1909–1977), U.S. – Traveling-wave tube
* Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/1819–1871), Russia – device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, Ballistic missile, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine
* Sergei Korolev (1907–1966), USSR – first successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 (rocket family), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the Sputnik 1, first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok program (including the Vostok 1, first human spaceflight)
* Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920), Russian Empire – auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement
* Semyon Korsakov (1787–1853), Russian Empire – punched card for information storage
* Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940), Russia – T-34 medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War II
* Ognjeslav Kostović Stepanović, Ognjeslav Kostović (1851–1916), Serbia/Russia – arborite (high-strength plywood, an early plastic)
* Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944), Russia – knapsack parachute, drogue parachute
* William Justin Kroll (1889–1973), Luxemburg/U.S. – Kroll process
* Alfred Krupa (1915-1989), Yugoslavia – the modern wheeled suitcase, a glass-bottom boat, the skis for use in walking on water, a folding canvas catamaran
* Aleksey Krylov (1863–1945), Russia – gyroscope, gyroscopic Damping ratio, damping of ships
* Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818), Russia – egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, a ''self-rolling carriage'' featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing (mechanical), bearing, an early optical telegraph
* Shen Kuo (1031–1095), China – improved gnomon, armillary sphere, Water clock, clepsydra, and sighting tube
* Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960), Russia – first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and Nuclear marine propulsion, surface ships
* Thomas E. Kurtz (born 1928), together with John G. Kemeny (1926–1992), U.S./Hungary – BASIC (programming language)
* Raymond Kurzweil (born 1948), Optical character recognition; flatbed scanner
* Ken Kutaragi (born 1950), Japan – PlayStation
* Stephanie Kwolek (1923–2014), U.S. – Kevlar
* John Howard Kyan (1774–1850), Ireland – The process of Kyanization used for wood preservation

L

* Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902), Russia – mercury (element), mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, Insulator (electrical), electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, Electrolysis, electrolyser
* René Laennec (1781–1826), France – stethoscope
* Georges Lakhovsky (1869–1942), Russia/U.S. – Multiple Wave Oscillator
* Hedy Lamarr (1914–2000), Austria and U.S. – Spread spectrum radio
* Edwin H. Land (1909–1991), U.S. – Polaroid Corporation, Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera
* Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906), U.S. – bolometer
* Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin (1847–1923), Russia – incandescent lamp
* Irving Langmuir (1851–1957), U.S. – gas filled incandescent light bulb, hydrogen welding
* Norm Larsen (1923–1970), U.S. – WD-40
* Lewis Latimer (1848–1928), U.S. – improved carbon-filament light bulb
* Gustav de Laval (1845–1913), Sweden – invented the milk separator and the milking machine
* Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960), Russia – Lavochkin, La-series aircraft, first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut
* John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900), UK – superphosphate or chemical fertilizer
* Ernest Lawrence, Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–1958), U.S. – Cyclotron
* Nikolai Lebedenko, Russia – Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history
* Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev, Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934), Russia – commercially viable synthetic rubber
* William Lee (inventor), William Lee (1563–1614), UK – Stocking frame knitting machine
* Edward Leedskalnin (1887–1951), U.S. – construction techniques used to single-handedly lift massive coral blocks in the creation of his Coral Castle
* Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), The Netherlands – development of the microscope
* Jerome H. Lemelson (1923–1997), U.S. – Inventions in the fields in which he patented make possible, wholly or in part, innovations like automated warehouses, industrial robots, cordless telephones, fax machines, videocassette recorders, camcorders, and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony's Walkman tape players.
* Etienne Lenoir, Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir (1822–1900), Belgium – internal combustion engine, motorboat
* Giacomo da Lentini (13th century), Italy – Sonnet
* R. G. LeTourneau (1888–1969), U.S. – electric wheel, motor scraper, mobile oil drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers
* Rasmus Lerdorf (born 1968), Greenland/Canada – PHP (programming language)
* Willard Frank Libby (1908–1980), U.S. – radiocarbon dating
* Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), Germany – nitrogen-based fertilizer
* Hon Lik (born 1951), China – electronic cigarette
* Otto Lilienthal (1848–1896), Germany – hang gliding, hang glider
* Lin Yutang (1895–1976), China/U.S. – Chinese typewriter, Chinese language typewriter
* Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974), U.S. – organ perfusion pump
* Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist (1862–1931), Sweden – Kerosene stove operated by compressed air
* Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), Sweden – formal Binomial nomenclature for living organisms, Linnaeus' flower clock, Horologium Florae
* Hans Lippershey (1570–1619), The Netherlands – associated with the appearance of the telescope
* Gabriel Lippmann, Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann (1845–1921), France – Lippmann plate, Integral imaging, Lippmann electrometer
* Lisitsyns, Lisitsyn brothers, Ivan Fyodorovich and Nazar Fyodorovich, Russia – samovar (the first documented makers)
* William Howard Livens (1889–1964), UK – chemical warfare – Livens Projector
* Eduard Locher (1840–1910), Switzerland – Rack railway#Locher, Locher rack railway system
* Fredrik Ljungström (1875–1964) and Birger Ljungström (1872–1948), Sweden - Ljungström turbine, Ljungström air preheater, Ljungström method
* Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923), Russia – electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament
* Louis Lombard-Gérin (1848-1918), France - trolleybus
* Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765), Russia – night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, re-invented smalt
* Yury Lomonosov (1876–1952), Russia/UK – first successful mainline diesel locomotive
* Aleksandr Loran (1849 – after 1911), Russia – fire fighting foam, Fire extinguisher#Foams, foam extinguisher
* Oleg Losev (1903–1942), Russia – light-emitting diode, crystadine
* Antoine Louis (1723–1792), France – Guillotine
* Archibald Low (1882–1956), UK – Pioneer of radio guidance systems
* Ed Lowe (businessman), Ed Lowe (1920–1995), U.S. – Cat litter
* Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001), Russia – Buran (spacecraft), Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105, Spiral project
* Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882), Poland – Kerosene lamp
* Auguste and Louis Lumière (1862–1954 and 1864–1948), France – Cinématographe
* Cai Lun, 蔡倫 (50–121), China – paper
* Giovanni Luppis or Ivan Vukić (1813–1875), Austrian Empire (ethnical Croatian, from Rijeka) – self-propelled torpedo
* Richard F. Lyon (born 1952), U.S. – Optical mouse
* Arkhip Mikhailovich Lyulka, Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984), Russia – first double jet turbofan engine, Lyulka, other Soviet aircraft engines

M

* Charles Macintosh (1766–1843), Scotland – waterproof raincoat, life vest
* Theodore Maiman (1927–2007), U.S. – Laser, see also Gordon Gould
* Ahmed Majan (born 1963), UAE – instrumented racehorse saddle and others
* Alexander Alexeyevich Makarov, Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966), Russia/Germany – Orbitrap mass spectrometer
* Stepan Makarov (1849–1904), Russia – Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice
* Victor Makeev (1924–1985), Russia – first submarine-launched ballistic missile
* Nestor Makhno (1888–1934), Ukraine/Russia – tachanka
* Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov (1896–1964), Russia – Maksutov telescope
* Annie Malone (1869–1957), U.S. – Annie Malone, Cosmetics for African American women
* Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937), Russia – designed the first matryoshka doll (together with Vasily Zvyozdochkin)
* Al-Ma'mun (786–833), Iraq – singing bird Automaton, automata, terrestrial globe
* Boris Aleksandrovich Mamyrin, Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007), Russia – reflectron (ion mirror)
* George William Manby (1765–1854), UK – Fire extinguisher
* Harry Mendell US - invented the first Sampler (musical instrument), digital sampling synthesizer
* Joy Mangano (born 1956), U.S. – household appliances
* Anna Mangin (1844-1931), American inventor, educator, caterer and women's rights campaigner
* Charles Mantoux (1877–1947), France – Mantoux test (tuberculosis)
* Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), Italy – radio telegraphy
* Gheorghe Marinescu (1863–1938), Romania – the first science films in the world in the neurology clinic in Bucharest (1898–1901)
* Sylvester Marsh (1803–1884), U.S. – Rack railway#Marsh, Marsh rack railway system
* Konosuke Matsushita (1894–1989), Japan – battery-powered Bicycle lighting
* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585), Syria/Egypt/Turkey – steam turbine, six-Cylinder (engine), cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump, Sextant (astronomical), framed sextant
* Alex Mashinsky (born 1965), U.S. - VoIP
* John Landis Mason (1826–1902), U.S. – Antique fruit jar, Mason jars
* Fujio Masuoka (born 1943), Japan – Flash memory
* John W. Mauchly (1907–1980), U.S. – ENIAC, ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
* Henry Maudslay (1771–1831), UK – screw-cutting lathe, bench Micrometer (device), micrometer
* Hiram Maxim (1840–1916), U.S. born, UK – First self-powered machine gun
* James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) and Thomas Sutton (photographer), Thomas Sutton, Scotland – color photography
* Stanley Mazor (born 1941), U.S. – microprocessor
* John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), Scotland – improved "macadam" road surface
* Elijah McCoy (1843–1929), Canada – Displacement lubricator
* Nicholas McKay (inventor), Nicholas McKay Sr. (1920–2014), U.S. – Lint roller
* Frederick McKinley Jones (1893–1961), U.S. – 22 patents, the most prominent for an automatic refrigeration system for long-haul trucks
* James McLurkin (born 1972), U.S. – Ant robotics (robotics)
* Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russia – probiotics
* Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès (1817–1880), France – margarine
* Mordecai Meirowitz (born 1930), Roumania / Israel – Mastermind (board game)
* Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), Russia – Periodic table, pycnometer, pyrocollodion
* Richard B. Merrill (1949–2008), U.S. – Foveon X3 sensor
* George de Mestral (1907–1990), Switzerland – Velcro
* Robert Metcalfe (born 1946), U.S. – Ethernet
* Antonio Meucci (1808–1889), Italy/U.S. – various early telephones, a hygrometer, a Antonio Meucci, milk test
* Édouard Michelin (born 1859), Édouard Michelin (1859–1940), France – pneumatic tire
* Anthony Michell (1870–1959), Australia – tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine
* Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970), Armenia/Russia – MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's List of most produced aircraft, most produced jet aircraft Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15, MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer), Mikhail Gurevich)
* Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985), Russia – Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank
* Mikhail Mil (1909–1970), Russia – Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's List of most produced aircraft, most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter)
* Alexander Miles (1838–1918), U.S. – system for automatically opening and closing elevator doors
* David L. Mills (born 1938), U.S. – Fuzzball router, Network Time Protocol
* Marvin Minsky (1927–2016), U.S. – Confocal microscopy
* Tokushichi Mishima (1893–1975), Japan – MKM steel, MKM magnetic steel
* Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941), Russia – Radiosonde
* Jules Montenier (1895–1962), U.S. – Anti-perspirant deodorant
* Montgolfier brothers (1740–1810) and (1745–1799), France – hot air balloon
* John J. Montgomery (1858–1911), U.S. – heavier-than-air gliders
* Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol (1819–1885), Spain – steam powered submarine
* Robert Moog (1934–2005), U.S. – the Moog synthesizer
* John J. Mooney (1930–2020), together with Carl D. Keith (1920–2008), U.S. – three way Catalytic converter#Types, catalytic converter
* Roland Moreno (1945–2012), France – inventor of the smart card
* Samuel Morey (1762–1843), U.S. – internal combustion engine
* Garrett A. Morgan (1877–1963), U.S. – inventor of the smoke hood
* Alexander Alexandrovich Morozov, Alexander Morozov (1904–1979), Russia – T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34
* Walter Frederick Morrison (1920–2010), U.S. – Flying disc
* William Morrison (dentist) (1860–1926), U.S. – Cotton candy machine
* Samuel F. B. Morse, Samuel Morse (1791–1872), U.S. – early Morse code, see also Alfred Vail#Controversy over Morse Code, Morse Code controversy
* Sergei Ivanovich Mosin (1849–1902), Russia – Mosin–Nagant rifle
* Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s–1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750), Russia – Tsar Bell
* Vera Mukhina (1889–1953), Russia – welded sculpture
* Kary Mullis (1944–2019), U.S. – Polymerase chain reaction, PCR
* Fe del Mundo (1911–2011), Philippines – Neonatal intensive care unit, medical incubator made out of bamboo for use in rural communities without electrical power
* Colin Murdoch (1929–2008), New Zealand – Tranquillizer gun, disposable hypodermic syringe
* William Murdoch (1754–1839), Scotland – Gas lighting
* Jozef Murgas (1864–1929), Slovakia – inventor of the wireless telegraph (forerunner of the radio)
* Evgeny Murzin (1914–1970), Russia – ANS synthesizer
* Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad (c. 800–873), Ahmad (803–873), Al-Hasan (810–873), Iraq – Mechanical puzzle, mechanical trick devices, hurricane lamp, self-trimming and self-feeding Oil lamp, lamp, gas mask, Dredging#Grab, clamshell grab, fail-safe system, mechanical musical instrument, automatic flute player, Program (machine), programmable machine
* Pieter van Musschenbroek (1692–1761), Netherlands – Leyden jar, pyrometer
* Walton Musser (1909–1998), U.S. – Harmonic drive gear
* Eadweard Muybridge (1830–1904), UK – motion picture
* Ted Myerson (born 1975), U.S. – data cloud computing system patents

N

* Georgi Nadjakov (1896–1981), Bulgaria – :wikt:photoelectret
* Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987), Georgia/Russia – first mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), first reliable mobile ICBM (RT-2PM Topol)
* Nagai Nagayoshi (1844–1929), Japan – Methamphetamine
* James Naismith (1861–1939), Canadian born, U.S. – invented basketball and American football helmet
* Yoshiro Nakamatsu (born 1928), Japan – "PyonPyon" spring shoes, digital watch, CinemaScope, chair, armchair "Cerebrex", sauce pump, Taximeter, taxicab meter
* Shuji Nakamura (born 1954), Japan – Blue laser
* John Napier (1550–1617), Scotland – logarithms
* Andrey Nartov (1683–1756), Russia – first lathe with a mechanic Tool bit, cutting tool-supporting Lathe carriage, carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire artillery battery, battery on a rotating disc, Screw (simple machine), screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, Gauge (bore diameter), gauge–boring (manufacturing), boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight
* James Nasmyth (1808–1890), Scotland – steam hammer
* Giulio Natta (1903–1979), together with Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), Italy/Germany – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
* William Neade (fl.1624–1637), England – weapon combining a longbow and a pike
* Nebuchadrezzar II (634–562 BC), Iraq (Mesopotamia) – screw, Archimedes' screw, screwpump
* Erwin Neher (born 1944), together with Bert Sakmann (1942–), Germany – Patch clamp technique
* Ted Nelson (born 1937), U.S. – Hypertext, Hypermedia
* Sergey Nepobedimiy (1921–2014), Russia – first supersonic anti-tank guided missile ''Sturm'', other Soviet rocket weaponry
* Karl Nessler (1872–1951), Germany/U.S. – Permanent wave machine, Karl Nessler, artificial eyebrows
* Bernard de Neumann (1943–2018), UK – massively parallel self-configuring multi-processor
* John von Neumann (1903–1957), Hungary – Von Neumann Von Neumann architecture, computer architecture, Stochastic computing, Merge sort algorithm
* Isaac Newton (1642–1727), UK – reflecting telescope (which reduces chromatic aberration)
* Miguel Nicolelis (born 1961), Brazil – Brain-machine interfaces
* Nicéphore Niépce, Joseph Nicephore Niépce (1765–1833), France – photography
* Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973), Russia – prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000)
* Paul Gottlieb Nipkow (1860–1940), Germany – Nipkow disk
* Jun-ichi Nishizawa (1926–2018), Japan – Optical communication system, SIT/SITh (Static Induction Transistor/Thyristor), Laser diode, PIN diode
* Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), Sweden – dynamite
* Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888), Sweden/Russia – first successful oil tanker
* Emmy Noether (1882–1935), Germany, groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics; Noether's Theorem
* Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), France – Electroscope
* Wilhelm Normann (1870–1939), Germany – Hydrogenation, Hydrogenation of fats
* Carl Richard Nyberg (1858–1939), Sweden – the blowtorch

O

* Aaron D. O'Connell (born 1981), U.S. – first Quantum machine
* Joseph John O'Connell (1861–1959), U.S. – number of inventions relating to telephony and electrical engineering
* Wilgott Theophil Odhner, Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903), Sweden/Russia – the Odhner Arithmometer, a Calculator#The 19th century, mechanical calculator
* Paul Offit (born 1951), U.S., along with Fred Clark and Stanley Plotkin, invented a pentavalent Rotavirus vaccine
* Jarkko Oikarinen (born 1967), Finland – Internet Relay Chat, Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
* Katsuhiko Okamoto (?–), Japan – Katsuhiko Okamoto, Okamoto Cubes = modifications of Rubik's Cube
* Ransom Eli Olds (1864–1950), U.S. – Assembly line
* Lucien Olivier (1838–1883), Belgium or France / Russia – Russian salad (Olivier salad)
* Gerard K. O'Neill (1927–1992), U.S. – Storage ring (physics)
* J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), United States – Atomic bomb
* Hugh Orr (inventor), Hugh Orr (1715–1798), U.S. – machine for cleaning flax seed
* Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), Denmark – electromagnetism, aluminium
* Elisha Otis (1811–1861), U.S. – safety system for elevators
* William Oughtred (1575–1660), UK – slide rule

P

* Arogyaswami Paulraj (born 1944), India/U.S. – MIMO
* Antonio Pacinotti (1841–1912), Italy – Dynamo#Pacinotti dynamo, Pacinotti dynamo
* Hilary Page (1904-1957), UK – Self-Locking Building Bricks, the predecessor of Lego
* Larry Page (born 1973), U.S. – with Sergey Brin invented Google Search, Google web search engine
* William Painter (inventor), William Painter (1838–1906), UK/U.S. – Crown cork, William Painter (inventor), Bottle opener
* Salvatore Pais (born 1967), Romania/U.S. – an electromagnetic field generator to deflect asteroids away from the Earth, an inertial mass reduction device, a room-temperature superconductor, a gravitational wave generator, and a compact fusion reactor
* Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956), Russia/U.S. – Tetris
* Julio Palmaz (born 1945), Argentina – balloon-expandable, stent
* Helge Palmcrantz (1842–1880), Sweden – the multi-barrel, lever-actuated, machine gun
* Daniel David Palmer (1845–1913), Canada – chiropractic
* Luigi Palmieri (1807–1896), Italy – seismometer
* Frank Pantridge (1916–2004), Ireland – Defibrillation#Portable units become available, Portable defibrillator
* Georgios Papanikolaou (1883–1962), Greece / U.S. – Papanicolaou stain, Pap test = Pap smear
* Alice H. Parker (1895–1920), U.S. – central heating using natural gas Furnace (house heating), furnace
* Philip M. Parker (born 1960), U.S. – computer automated book authoring
* Thomas Parker (inventor), Thomas Parker (1843–1915), England – electric car
* Alexander Parkes (1831–1890), UK – celluloid
* Florence Parpart ( 1856–?), U.S. – industrial sweeping machine, electrical refrigerator
* Forrest Parry (1921–2005), U.S. – Magnetic stripe card
* Charles Algernon Parsons (1854–1931), British – steam turbine
* Spede Pasanen (1930–2001), Finland – ski jumping sling, boat ski
* Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), France – Pascal's calculator
* Gustaf Erik Pasch (1788–1862), Sweden – safety match
* Dimitar Paskov (1914–1986), Bulgaria – Galantamine
* C. Kumar N. Patel (born 1938), India/U.S. – Carbon dioxide laser
* Les Paul (1915–2009), U.S. – multitrack recording
* Andreas Pavel (born 1945), Brazil – audio devices
* Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Russia, – classical conditioning
* Floyd Paxton (1918–1975), U.S. – Bread clip
* John Pemberton (1831–1888), U.S. – Coca-Cola
* Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871–1922), Croatia – mechanical pencil
* Ralph Peo (1897–1966), U.S. – early Automobile air conditioning, shock absorbers
* William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), UK – first synthetic organic chemical dye Mauveine
* Henry Perky (1843–1906), U.S. – shredded wheat
* Alfred Perot (1863–1925), together with Charles Fabry (1867–1945), France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer (physics)
* Stephen Perry (inventor), Stephen Perry, UK (''fl.'' 19th century) – rubber band
* Aurel Persu (1890–1977), Romania – first aerodynamic car, aluminum body with wheels included under the body, 1922
* Vladimir Petlyakov (1891–1942), Russia – heavy bomber
* Julius Richard Petri (1852–1921), Germany – Petri dish
* Peter Petroff (1919–2004), Bulgaria – digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments
* Fritz Pfleumer (1881–1945), Germany – magnetic tape
* Auguste Piccard (1884–1962), Switzerland – Bathyscaphe
* Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), together with Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
* Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881), Russia – early use of diethyl ether, ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations
* Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898), Russia – electric tram
* Arthur Pitney (1871–1933), U.S. – postage meter
* Hippolyte Pixii (1808–1835), France – Dynamo#Pixii's dynamo, Pixii dynamo
* Joseph Plateau (1801–1883), Belgium – phenakistiscope (stroboscope)
* Baltzar von Platen (inventor), Baltzar von Platen (1898–1984), Sweden – gas absorption refrigerator
* James Leonard Plimpton (1828–1911), U.S. – quad skates, roller skates
* Ivan Plotnikov (1902–1995), Russia – kirza leather
* Roy Plunkett (1910–1994), U.S. – Teflon
* Petrache Poenaru (1799–1875), Romania – fountain pen
* Christopher Polhem (1661–1751), Sweden – Padlock
* Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944), Russia – Polikarpov, Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 ''Kukuruznik'' (world's List of most produced aircraft, most produced biplane)
* Eugene Polley (1915–2012), U.S. – wireless remote control (with Robert Adler)
* Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766), Russia – first two-cylinder steam engine
* Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916), Russia – nephoscope
* Olivia Poole (1889–1975), U.S. – the Jolly Jumper baby harness
* Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Alexander Popov (1859–1906), Russia – radio pioneer, created a radio receiver that worked as a lightning detector
* Nikolay Popov (1931–2008), Russia – first fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80)
* Josef Popper (1838–1921), Austria – discovered the transmission of power by electricity.
* Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892–1941), Russia – Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track, caterpillar amphibious ATV)
* Ignazio Porro (1801–1875), Italy – Porro prism, strip camera
* Valdemar Poulsen (1869–1942), Denmark – Wire recording, magnetic wire recorder, arc converter
* Joseph Priestley (1733–1804), UK – soda water
* Robert Taylor Pritchett (1828–1907), UK – Pritchett bullet
* Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974), Russia/U.S. – first gyroscope, gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, ionocraft, also developed air-to-air refueling
* Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002), Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
* Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850), Russian Empire – early Frame (beehive), beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties
* Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944), Russia/France – early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures
* Mark Publicover (born 1958), U.S. – first affordable trampoline safety net enclosure
* George Pullman (1831–1897), U.S. – Pullman sleeping car, sleep wagon
* Michael I. Pupin (1858–1935), Serbia – pupinization (loading coils), tunable oscillator
* Tivadar Puskás (1844–1893), Hungary – telephone exchange

Q

* Calvin Quate (1923–2019), with Gerd Binnig (born 1947), and with Christoph Gerber (1942–), U.S./Germany/Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
* Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874), France/Belgium – Body mass index, Body mass index (BMI)

R

* Jacob Rabinow (1910–1999), U.S. – Magnetic particle clutch, various Phonograph-related patents
* John Goffe Rand (1801–1873), U.S. – Tube (container)
* Robert Ransome (1753–1830), England – improvement to the plough
* Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865–965), Persia/Iran – distillation and Extraction (chemistry), extraction methods, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, soap kerosene, kerosene lamp, chemotherapy, sodium hydroxide
* Alec Reeves (1902–1971), UK – Pulse-code modulation
* Karl von Reichenbach (1788–1869), Germany – Kerosene, paraffin, creosote, creosote oil, phenol
* Tadeus Reichstein (1897–1996), Poland/Switzerland – Reichstein process (industrial vitamin C synthesis)
* Ira Remsen (1846–1927), U.S. – saccharin
* Ralf Reski (born 1958), Germany – Moss bioreactor 1998
* Josef Ressel (1793–1857), Czechoslovakia – ship propeller
* William Reynolds (industrialist), William Reynolds (1758–1803), England – canal inclined plane
* Ri Sung-gi (1905–1996), North Korea – Vinylon
* Charles Francis Richter (1900–1985), U.S. – Richter magnitude scale
* Adolph Rickenbacker (1886–1976), Switzerland – Electric guitar
* Hyman George Rickover (1900–1986), U.S. – Nuclear submarine
* Niklaus Riggenbach (1817–1899), Switzerland – Rack railway#Riggenbach, Riggenbach rack railway system, Counter-pressure brake
* Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011), U.S. – C (programming language)
* Gilles de Roberval (1602–1675), France – Roberval balance
* John Roebuck (1718–1794) UK – lead chamber process for sulfuric acid synthesis
* Francis Rogallo (1912–2009), U.S. – Rogallo wing
* Heinrich Rohrer (1933–2013), together with Gerd Binnig (1947–), Switzerland/Germany – Scanning tunneling microscope
* Peter I of Russia, Peter I the Great (Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov), Tsar and Emperor of Russia (1672–1725), Russia – decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plumb-bob, plummet (Deep-sea exploration#Oceanographic Instrumentation, sounding weight probe)
* Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), Germany – the X-ray machine
* Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973), Belarus/Russia/U.S. – Bra (Maidenform), the standard of Bra sizing, cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)
* Sidney Rosenthal (1907–1979), U.S. – Magic Marker
* Eugene Roshal (born 1972), Russia – FAR Manager, FAR file manager, RAR (file format), RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver
* Boris Rosing (1869–1933), Russia – CRT television (first television system using cathode ray tube, CRT on the receiving side)
* Guido van Rossum (born 1956), The Netherlands – Python (programming language)
* M. A. Rothman, Michael Rothman, U.S. – UEFI
* Subrata Roy (scientist) (born 1962), India, U.S. – Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle, Serpentine geometry plasma actuator, Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle#Novel Technologies, micro-scale actuators
* Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1754–1785), France – Rozière balloon
* Ernő Rubik (born 1944), Hungary – Rubik's Cube, Rubik's Magic and Rubik's Clock
* Ernst Ruska (1906–1988), Germany – electron microscope
* François van Rysselberghe (1846–1893), Belgium – Universal meteorograph, Condenser telephone

S

* Albert Sabin, Albert Bruce Sabin (1906–1993), U.S. – oral Polio vaccine
* Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857), Russia – centrifugal fan
* Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468), Turkey – illustrated Surgery, surgical atlas
* Quasiturbine, Gilles Saint-Hilaire (born 1948), Canada – Quasiturbine, Qurbine
* Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), Russia – invented explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developed the Tsar Bomb and tokamak
* Jonas Salk, Jonas Edward Salk (1914–1995), U.S. – injection Polio vaccine
* Robert Salmon (inventor), Robert Salmon (1763–1821), England – agricultural implements
* Franz San Galli (1824–1908), Poland/Russia (Italian people, Italian and German people, German descent) – radiator, central heating
* Frederick Sanger (1918–2013), U.S. – Sanger sequencing (= DNA sequencing)
* Larry Sanger (born 1968), together with Jimmy Wales, U.S. – Wikipedia
* Yoshiyuki Sankai (born c. 1957), Japan – HAL (robot), Robotic exoskeleton for motion support (medicine)
* Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932), Brazil – airship, non-rigid airship and airplane
* Arthur William Savage (1857–1938) – radial tires, magazine (firearms), gun magazines, Savage Model 99 lever action rifle
* Thomas Savery (1650–1715), UK – steam engine
* Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), Belgium – saxophone
* Vincent Schaefer, Vincent Joseph Schaefer (1906–1993), U.S. – Cloud seeding by dry ice
* Bela Schick (1877–1967), Hungary – Schick test, diphtheria test
* Wilhelm Schickard (1592–1635), Germany – mechanical calculator
* Hugo Schiff (1834–1915), Germany – Schiff test (histology)
* Pavel Schilling (1786–1837), Estonia/Russia – first electromagnetic telegraph, Land mine, mine with an electric fuse (electrical), fuse
* Gilmore Schjeldahl (1912–2002), U.S. – Airsickness bag
* Hubert Schlafly (1919–2011), U.S. – Teleprompter = Teleprompter, Autocue
* Wilhelm Schlenk (1879–1943), Germany – Schlenk flask (chemistry)
* Bernhard Schmidt (1879–1935), Estonia/Germany – Schmidt camera
* Friedrich Schmiedl (1902–1994), Austria – rocket mail
* Otto Schmitt (1913–1998), U.S. – Schmitt trigger (electronics)
* Christian Schnabel (1878–1936), German – simplistic food cutleries
* Kees A. Schouhamer Immink (born 1946), Netherlands – Major contributor to development of Compact Disc
* August Schrader (1807–1894), U.S. – Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire
* David Schwarz (aviation inventor), David Schwarz (1852–1897), Croatia, – rigid airship, later called Zeppelin
* Raymond Scott (1908–1994), U.S. – inventor and developer of electronic music technology
* Girolamo Segato (1792–1836), Italy – artificial petrifaction of human cadavers
* Marc Seguin (1786–1875), France – suspension bridge, wire-cable suspension bridge
* Hanaoka Seishū (1760–1835), Japan – General anaesthetic
* Ted Selker (inv. 1987), U.S. – Pointing stick
* Sennacherib (705–681 BC), Iraq (Mesopotamia) – screw pump
* Léon Serpollet (1858–1907), France – Flash boiler, Gardner-Serpollet, Gardner-Serpollet steam car
* Iwan Serrurier (1878–1953), Netherlands/U.S. – inventor of the Moviola for film editing
* Mark Serrurier (1904–1988), U.S. – Serrurier truss for Optical telescopes
* Gerhard Sessler (born 1931), Germany – electret microphone, foil electret microphone, microphone#MEMS microphone, silicon microphone
* Guy Severin (1926–2008), Russia – extra-vehicular activity supporting system
* Ed Seymour (inv. c. 1949), U.S. – Aerosol paint
* Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758), Russia – first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge
* Ibn al-Shatir (1304–1375), Syria – "jewel box" device which combined a compass with a universal sundial
* Bi Sheng () (c. 990–1051), China – clay movable type printing
* Patsy O’Connell Sherman (1930–2008), U.S. – Scotchgard
* Murasaki Shikibu (c. 973–1025), Japan – psychological novel
* Pyotr Shilovsky (1871–1957), Russia/UK – gyrocar
* Masatoshi Shima (born 1943), Japan – microprocessor
* Fathullah Shirazi (c. 1582), Mughal Empire, Mughal India – early volley gun
* Joseph Shivers (1920–2014), U.S. – Spandex
* William Shockley, William Bradford Shockley (1910–1989), U.S. – co-inventor of transistor
* Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), UK – Shrapnel shell ammunition
* Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939), Russia – Cracking (chemistry), thermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, Pipeline transport, oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot
* Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (born 1972), Malaysia – Cell (biology), cell growth in outer space, crystallization of proteins and microbes in space
* Augustus Siebe (1788–1872), Germany/UK – Inventor of the standard diving dress
* Carl Wilhelm Siemens, Sir William Siemens (1823–1883), Germany – Siemens regenerative furnace, regenerative furnace
* Werner von Siemens (1816–1892), Germany – electric elevator, Electromote (= first trolleybus), an early Dynamo#Siemens and Wheatstone dynamo (1867), Dynamo
* Al-Sijzi (c. 945–1020), Persia/Iran – Heliocentrism, heliocentric astrolabe
* Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972), Russia/U.S. – first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Sikorsky Ilya Muromets, Ilya Muromets), helicopter, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Sikorsky-series helicopters
* Bernard Silver (1924–1963), together with Norman Joseph Woodland (1921–2012), U.S. – Barcode
* Kia Silverbrook (born 1958), Australia – Memjet printer, world's most List of prolific inventors, prolific inventor
* Vladimir Simonov (engineer), Vladimir Simonov (1935–2020), Russia – APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol
* Charles Simonyi (born 1948), Hungary – Hungarian notation
* Avicenna, Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037), Persia/Iran – steam distillation, essential oil, pharmacopoeia, clinical pharmacology, clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, quarantine, cancer surgery, Alternative cancer treatments, cancer therapy, pharmacotherapy, phytotherapy, Hindiba, Taxus baccata L, calcium channel blocker
* Clive Sinclair (1940-2021), U.K. - Sinclair C5, ZX Spectrum and A-bike
* Isaac Singer (1811–1875), U.S. – sewing machine
* B. F. Skinner (1904–1990), U.S. – Operant conditioning chamber
* Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897), Russia – shielded metal arc welding
* Alexander Smakula (1900–1983), Ukraine/Russia/U.S. – anti-reflective coating
* Michael Smith (chemist), Michael Smith (1932–2000), U.S. – Site-directed mutagenesis (molecular biology)
* Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), together with Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), and Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), U.S. – Knockout mouse, Gene targeting
* Yefim Smolin, Russia – table-glass (''stakan granyonyi'')
* Friedrich Soennecken (1848–1919), Germany – Ring binder, Hole punch
* Su Song (1020–1101), China – first chain drive
* Marin Soljačić (born 1974), Croatia – Resonant inductive coupling
* Edwin Southern (born 1938), U.S. – Southern blot (molecular biology)
* Alfred P. Southwick (1826–1898), U.S. – Electric chair
* Igor Spassky (born 1926), Russia – Sea Launch platform
* Percy Spencer (1894–1970), U.S. – microwave oven
* Elmer Ambrose Sperry (1860–1930), U.S. – gyroscope-guided autopilot, automatic pilot
* Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997), U.S. – Stellarator (physics)
* Bhargav Sri Prakash (born 1977), India/U.S. – Digital data, Digital vaccines, learnification platform at FriendsLearn, virtual reality system, electromagnetic collision avoidance system, On-board diagnostics, OBD based in-vehicle powertrain performance measurement, rate-based driver controls for drive by wire systems
* Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965), Russia/France – puppet animation, live-action/animated film
* Gary Starkweather (1938–2019), U.S. – laser printer, color management
* John Kemp Starley (1855-1901), U.K. - safety bicycle
* Betsey Ann Stearns (1830-1914), U.S. – garment cutting diagram and system
* Boris Stechkin (1891–1969), Russia – co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Tsar Tank, developer of Soviet heat engine, heat and aircraft engines
* George Stephenson (1781–1848), UK – steam railway
* Simon Stevin (1548–1620), Netherlands – land yacht
* Andreas Stihl (1896–1973), Switzerland/Germany – Electric chain saw
* Robert Stirling, Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (1790–1878), Scotland – Stirling engine
* Aurel Stodola (1859–1942), Slovakia – gas turbines
* Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896), Russia – first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect
* Levi Strauss (1829–1902), U.S. – blue jeans
* John Stringfellow (1799–1883), UK – aerial steam carriage
* Bjarne Stroustrup (born 1950), Denmark – C++ (programming language)
* Almon Strowger (1839–1902), U.S. – automatic telephone exchange
* Emil Strub (1858–1909), Switzerland – Rack railway#Strub, Strub rack railway system
* Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) (903–986), Persia/Iran – timekeeping astrolabe, Mariner's astrolabe, navigational astrolabe, surveying astrolabe
* René Núñez Suárez (born 1945/1946), El Salvador – "turbococina" (turbo-cooker)
* Kyota Sugimoto (1882–1972), Japan – Japanese typewriter, Japanese language typewriter
* Mutsuo Sugiura (1918–1986), Japan – Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Esophagogastroduodenoscope
* Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975), Russia – Sukhoi, Su-series fighter aircraft
* Simon Sunatori (born 1959), Canada – inventor of MagneScribe and Magic Spicer
* Sushruta (600 BC), Vedic India – inventor of Plastic Surgery, Cataract Surgery, Rhinoplasty
* Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971), Sweden – Ultracentrifuge, Analytical ultracentrifuge
* Joseph Swan (1828–1914), UK – Incandescent light bulb
* Robert Swanson (inventor), Robert Swanson (1905–1994), Canada – invented and developed the first multi-chime train horn, air horn for use with diesel locomotives
* Remi Swierczek (born 1958), Poland – inventor of Music Identification System and the Mico Changer (coin hopper and dispenser used in casinos)
* Andrei Sychra (c.1773/76–1850), Lithuania/Russia, Czech people, Czech descent – Russian guitar, Russian seven-string guitar
* Walter Sylvester (1867–1944), UK – the "Sylvester", for safely removing pit props
* Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006), Russia – Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms
* Simon Sze (born 1936), Taiwan/U.S., together with Dawon Kahng (1931–1992), South Korea – Floating-gate MOSFET
* Leó Szilárd (1898–1964), Hungary/U.S. – co-developed the atomic bomb, patented the nuclear reactor, catalyst of the Manhattan Project

T

* Muhammad Salih Tahtawi (''fl.''1659–1660), Mughal Empire, Mughal India – seamless globe and celestial globe
* Gyula Takátsy (1914–1980), Hungary – first Microtiter plate
* Esther Takeuchi (born 1953) – holds more than 150 US-patents, the largest number for any woman in the United States
* Igor Tamm (1895–1971), Russia – co-developer of tokamak
* Ching W. Tang (born 1947), Hong Kong/U.S., together with Steven Van Slyke, U.S. – OLED
* Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi (c. 1187), Middle East – counterweight trebuchet, mangonel
* Gustav Tauschek (1899–1945), Austria – Drum memory
* Kenyon Taylor (1908–1986), U.S. – Flip-disc display
* Bernard Tellegen (1900–1990), Netherlands – pentode
* Edward Teller (1908–2003), Hungary – hydrogen bomb
* Eli Terry (1772–1852)
* Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), Serbia – induction motor, high-voltage / high-frequency power experiments, the transmission of electrical power
* Léon Theremin (1896–1993), Russia – theremin, Interlaced video, interlace, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device)
* Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (1785–1870), France – Arithmometer
* Elihu Thomson (1853–1937), UK, U.S. – Prolific inventor, Arc lamp and many others
* William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), UK – Kelvin absolute temperature scale
* Eric Tigerstedt (1887–1925), Finland – Sound-on-film, triode vacuum tube
* Kálmán Tihanyi (1897–1947), Hungary – co-inventor of cathode ray tube and iconoscope
* Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974), Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Sergey Korolyov, Korolyov and Mstislav Keldysh, Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks
* Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov (1875–1960), Russia – feathering spectrograph
* Benjamin Chew Tilghman (1821–1897), U.S. – sandblasting
* Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968), Russia – TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle
* Ray Tomlinson (1941–2016), U.S. – First inter-computer email
* Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), Italy – barometer
* Alfred Traeger (1895–1980), Australia – Pedal radio#Pedal-powered transmitter, Pedal radio
* Richard Trevithick (1771–1833), UK – high-pressure steam engine, first full-scale steam locomotive
* Franc Trkman (1903–1978), Slovenia – electrical switches, accessories for opening windows
* Hans Tropsch (1889–1935), together with Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process (refinery process)
* Yuri Trutnev (scientist), Yuri Trutnev (1927–2021), Russia – co-developer of the Tsar Bomb
* Roger Y. Tsien (1952–2016), together with Osamu Shimomura (1928–2018) and Martin Chalfie (born 1947), U.S. – Discovery and development of Green fluorescent protein
* Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), Russia – spaceflight
* Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russia – chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method)
* Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001), Russia – the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)
* Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972), Russia – turboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95)
* Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1201–1274), Persia/Iran – observatory, Tusi-couple
* Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1135–1213), Persia/Iran – linear astrolabe
* Ralph Hart Tweddell (1843–1895), England – portable hydraulic riveter

U

* Shintaro Uda (1869–1976), together with Hidetsugu Yagi (1886–1976), Japan – Yagi–Uda antenna–
* Lewis Urry (1927–2004), Canada – long-lasting alkaline battery
* Tomislav Uzelac, Croatia – first successful MP3 player, AMP

V

* Ira Van Gieson (1866–1913), U.S. – Van Gieson's stain (histology)
* Theophilus Van Kannel (1841–1919), U.S. – revolving door (1888)
* Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966), Russia – synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron
* John Venn (1834–1923), UK – Venn diagram (1881)
* Auguste Victor Louis Verneuil (1856–1913), France – Verneuil process (crystal growth)
* Pierre Vernier (1580–1637), France – Vernier scale (1631)
* Lucien Vidi (1805–1866), France – Barograph
* Edgar Villchur (1917–2011), U.S. – Acoustic suspension (loudspeaker)
* Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895–1973), Finland – AIV fodder
* Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), Italy – Battery (electricity), battery, see also Voltaic pile
* Bernard Vonnegut (1914–1997), together with Cloud seeding, Henry Chessin, and Cloud seeding, Richard E. Passarelli Jr., U.S. – Cloud seeding by silver iodide
* Ivan Vučetić (1858–1925), Croatia – method of fingerprint classification

W

* Ruth Graves Wakefield (1903–1977), U.S. – chocolate chip cookie
* Paul Walden (1863–1957), Latvia/Russia/Germany – Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid)
* Jimmy Wales (born 1966), together with Larry Sanger, U.S. – Wikipedia
* Adam Walker (inventor), Adam Walker (1730–1821), UK – eidouranion
* Madam C.J. Walker (1867–1919), U.S. – beauty and hair products for African American women
* Barnes Wallis (1887–1979), UK – bouncing bomb
* Frederick Walton (c. 1834–1928), UK – Linoleum
* Maurice Ward (1933–2011), UK – Starlite
* Aldred Scott Warthin (1866–1931), together with Allen Chronister Starry (1890–1973), U.S. – Warthin–Starry stain (histology)
* Robert Watson-Watt (1892–1973), Scotland – microwave radar
* James Watt (1736–1819), Scotland – improved Steam engine
* Thomas Wedgwood (1771–1805), Thomas Wedgwood (1771–1805), UK – first (not permanent) photograph
* Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858–1929), Austria – Gas mantle, ferrocerium
* Jonas Wenström (1855–1893), Sweden – Three-phase electric power, three-phase electrical power
* George Westinghouse (1846–1914), U.S. – Air brake (rail)
* Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875), UK – concertina, stereoscope, microphone, Playfair cipher, pseudoscope, Dynamo#Siemens and Wheatstone dynamo (1867), dynamo
* Richard T. Whitcomb (1921–2009), U.S. – Supercritical airfoil, Wingtip device, Winglet
* Cornelius Whitehouse (1796–1883), UK – method of manufacturing tubes cheaply and accurately
* Eli Whitney (1765–1825), U.S. – the cotton gin
* Frank Whittle (1907–1996), UK – co-inventor of the jet engine
* Otto Wichterle (1913–1989), Czechoslovakia – soft contact lens
* Norman Wilkinson (artist), Norman Wilkinson (1878–1971), UK – Dazzle camouflage
* Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1869–1959), UK – Cloud chamber
* Paul Winchell (1922–2005), U.S. – the artificial heart
* Sergei Winogradsky (1856–1953), Russia / USSR – Winogradsky column for culturing microorganisms
* Niklaus Wirth (born 1934), Switzerland – Pascal (programming language)
* A. Baldwin Wood (1879–1956), U.S. – high volume pump
* Norman Joseph Woodland (1921–2012), together with Bernard Silver (1924–1963), U.S. – Barcode
* Granville Woods (1856–1910), U.S. – the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph
* Steve Wozniak (born 1950), U.S. – Apple I & Apple II, II computers, early Apple Macintosh, Macintosh concepts, CL 9, CL 9 CORE universal remote and other devices and applications.
* James Homer Wright (1869–1928), U.S. – Wright's stain (histology)
* Wright brothers, Orville (1871–1948) and Wilbur (1867–1912) – U.S. – Fixed-wing aircraft, powered airplane
* Wu Yulu, Chinese farmer and inventor of home-made robots
* Adam Wybe (1584-1653), Dutch - inventor of the cable car on multiple supports
* Arthur Wynne (1871–1945), UK – creator of crossword puzzle

X

* Yi Xing (683–727), China – Astronomical clock

Y

* Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894), Russia – Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp)
* Hidetsugu Yagi (1886–1976), together with Shintaro Uda (1896–1976), Japan – Yagi–Uda antenna
* Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989), Russia – Yakovlev, Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet)
* Linus Yale Jr. (1821–1868), U.S. – cylinder lock
* Linus Yale Sr. (1797–1858), U.S. – pin tumbler lock
* Shunpei Yamazaki (born 1942), Japan – patents in computer science and solid-state physics, see List of prolific inventors
* Gazi Yaşargil (born 1925), Turkey – Microneurosurgery
* Ryōichi Yazu (1878–1908), Japan – Ryōichi Yazu, Yazu Arithmometer
* Gunpei Yokoi (1941–1997), Japan – Game Boy
* Arthur M. Young (1905–1995), U.S. – the Bell Helicopter
* Vladimir Yourkevich (1885–1964), Russia/France/U.S. – ship hull (watercraft), hull design
* Tu Youyou (born 1930), China – Artemisinin
* Sergei Yudin (surgeon), Sergei Yudin (1891–1954), Russia – cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations
* Muhammad Yunus (born 1940), Bangladesh – microcredit, microfinance
* Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq, Abu Yusuf Yaqub (c. 1274), Morocco/Al-Andalus, Spain – Siege engine, siege cannon
* A. Albert Yuzpe, Abraham Albert Yuzpe (born 1938), U.S. – Yuzpe regimen (= form of Emergency contraception)

Z

* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936–1013), Al-Andalus, Islamic Spain – catgut surgical suture, various surgical instruments and dental devices
* Frank Zamboni (1901–1988), U.S. – Ice resurfacer
* Giuseppe Zamboni (1776–1846), Italy – Zamboni pile (early battery)
* L. L. Zamenhof, Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917), Russia/Poland – Esperanto
* Walter Zapp (1905–2003), Latvia/Estonia/Germany – Minox (subminiature camera)
* Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) (1028–1087), Al-Andalus, Islamic Spain – almanac, equatorium, universal astrolabe
* Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976), Russia – EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy
* Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953), Russia – the first effective filtering coal gas mask in the world
* Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917), Germany – Zeppelin
* Frits Zernike (1888–1966), The Netherlands – Phase contrast microscopy, Phase contrast microscope
* Tang Zhongming (1897–1980), China – internal combustion engine powered by charcoal
* Jian Zhou (1957–1999), together with Ian Frazer, Ian Hector Frazer (1953–), China/U.S. – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
* Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky, Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921), Russia – an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank
* Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), together with Giulio Natta (1903–1979), Germany/Italy – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
* Franz Ziehl (1857–1926), together with Friedrich Neelsen (1854–1898), Germany – Ziehl–Neelsen stain (histology)
* Konrad Zuse (1910–1995), Germany – invented the first programmable general-purpose computer (Z1 (computer), Z1, Z2 (computer), Z2, Z3 (computer), Z3, Z4 (computer), Z4)
* Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956), Russia – matryoshka doll (together with Sergey Malyutin)
* Vladimir Zworykin (1889–1982), Russia/U.S. – Iconoscope, kinescope.

See also

* Creativity techniques
* List of emerging technologies
* List of prolific inventors
* Ten Japanese Great Inventors
* The heroic theory of invention and scientific development
* Timeline of historic inventions
* List of African-American inventors and scientists

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inventors
Inventors, *
Lists of inventors,

sv:Alfabetisk lista över svenska uppfinnare och vetenskapsmän