This is a list of

encyclopedia An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...

s, arranged by time period. For other arrangements, see

Lists of encyclopedias For lists of encyclopedias, see: * List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge * List of encyclopedias by date * List of encyclopedias by language * List of online encyclopedias See also * Bibliography of encyclopedias * List of almanacs * ...

Encyclopedias before 1700

* ''Nine Books of Disciplines'' by

Marcus Terentius Varro Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Vergil and Cicero). He is sometimes calle ...

(116 BC-27 BC) * ''

Naturalis Historia The ''Natural History'' ( la, Naturalis historia) is a work by Pliny the Elder. The largest single work to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day, the ''Natural History'' compiles information gleaned from other ancient authors. ...

'' by

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ...

(AD 77-79); highly influential through the Middle Ages, the oldest encyclopedia for which there is an extant copy * '' De verborum significatu'' by

Sextus Pompeius Festus Sextus Pompeius Festus, usually known simply as Festus, was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo ( Narbonne) in Gaul. Work He made a 20-volume epitome of Verrius Flaccus's voluminous and encycl ...

(2nd century AD) * ''Onomasticon'' by

Julius Pollux Julius Pollux ( el, Ἰούλιος Πολυδεύκης, ''Ioulios Polydeukes''; fl. 2nd century) was a Greek scholar and rhetorician from Naucratis, Ancient Egypt.Andrew Dalby, ''Food in the Ancient World: From A to Z'', p.265, Routledge, 2003 ...

(2nd century AD) * ''The Emperor's Mirror'' ('' Huanglan''), Wei dynasty (220-265), Chinese * ''De compendiosa doctrina'', by Nonius Marcellus (probably AD 4th century)

5th century

Martianus Capella Martianus Minneus Felix Capella (fl. c. 410–420) was a jurist, polymath and Latin prose writer of late antiquity, one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education. He was a nati ...

, ''De nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae'', introduced the division in seven liberal arts

6th century

*''Bṛhatsaṃhitā'' of

Varāhamihira Varāhamihira ( 505 – 587), also called Varāha or Mihira, was an ancient Indian astrologer, astronomer, and polymath who lived in Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh, India). He was born at Kapitba in a Brahmin family, in the Avanti region, roughly co ...

(c. 505 – c. 587) *

Cassiodorus Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – c. 585), commonly known as Cassiodorus (), was a Roman statesman, renowned scholar of antiquity, and writer serving in the administration of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. ''Senator' ...

' ''Institutiones'' (full title: ''Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum''), AD 560; first Christian encyclopedia

7th century

*'' Yiwen Leiju'' (622),

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdo ...

, Chinese *St. Isidore of Seville's ''

Etymologiae ''Etymologiae'' (Latin for "The Etymologies"), also known as the ''Origines'' ("Origins") and usually abbreviated ''Orig.'', is an etymological encyclopedia compiled by Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636) towards the end of his life. Isidore was ...

'', AD 636; Christian encyclopedia, most influential encyclopedia of the early Middle Ages *'' Fa yüan chu lin'', AD 668, a Buddhist encyclopedia of 100 volumes, compiled by Tao-shih

8th century

* Venerable

Beda Bede ( ; ang, Bǣda , ; 672/326 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, The Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable ( la, Beda Venerabilis), was an English monk at the monastery of St Peter and its companion monastery of St Paul in the Kingdom o ...

, '' De natura rerum''

9th century

*'' Adab al-katib'' ''(The book of knowledge)'' by Ibn Qutayba (828–889); the earliest Arabic work that could be called an encyclopedia *'' Bibliotheca'' by Patriarch

Photius Photios I ( el, Φώτιος, ''Phōtios''; c. 810/820 – 6 February 893), also spelled PhotiusFr. Justin Taylor, essay "Canon Law in the Age of the Fathers" (published in Jordan Hite, T.O.R., & Daniel J. Ward, O.S.B., "Readings, Cases, Materia ...

(9th century), the earliest Byzantine work that could be called an encyclopedia *

Hrabanus Maurus Rabanus Maurus Magnentius ( 780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, poet, encyclopedist and military writer who became archbishop of Mainz in East Francia. He was the author of t ...

, 842. '' De rerum naturis (On the nature of things)'', derived from Isidore's text *'' De Administrando Imperio'', a domestic and foreign policy manual by emperor

Constantine VII Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (; 17 May 905 – 9 November 959) was the fourth Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, reigning from 6 June 913 to 9 November 959. He was the son of Emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife, Zo ...

10th century

*''

Suda The ''Suda'' or ''Souda'' (; grc-x-medieval, Σοῦδα, Soûda; la, Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas ...

'' (10th century) *'' Four Great Books of Song'' (Song Sida Shu) (10th to 11th century),

Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the res ...

, Chinese *'' Wamyō Ruijushō''

11th century

Archive-ugent-be-018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438 DS-337 (cropped)

* ''De omnifaria doctrina'', by

Michael Psellos Michael Psellos or Psellus ( grc-gre, Μιχαὴλ Ψελλός, Michaḗl Psellós, ) was a Byzantine Greek monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018, and is believed to hav ...

* ''Speculum universale'', by

Radulfus Ardens Radulfus Ardens (Raoul Ardens) (died c. 1200) was a French theologian and early Scholasticism, scholastic philosopher of the 12th century. He was born in Beaulieu-sous-Bressuire, Beaulieu, Poitou. He is known for his ''Summa de vitiis et virtutibus ...

12th century

* ''De diversis artibus'', compiled 1100-1120 by

Theophilus Presbyter Theophilus Presbyter (fl. c. 1070–1125) is the pseudonymous author or compiler of a Latin text containing detailed descriptions of various medieval arts, a text commonly known as the ''Schedula diversarum artium'' ("List of various arts") or ''De ...

* ''

Manasollasa The ' also known as ''Abhilashitartha Chintamani'', is an early 12th-century Sanskrit text composed by the Kalyani Chalukya king Someshvara III, who ruled in present-day Karnataka . It is an encyclopedic work covering topics such as polity, gov ...

'' composed by king

Someshvara III Someshvara III (; ) was a Western Chalukya king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI. He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126 CE, or 1127 CE. Someshvara III, the third king in ...

of the Western Chalukya Empire of India. *''

Liber Floridus ''Liber Floridus'' ("Book of Flowers") is a list of historical encyclopedias, medieval encyclopedia that was compiled between 1090 and 1120 by Lambert, Canon (priest), Canon of Saint-Omer. The text compiles extracts from some 192 or so different ...

'', compiled in 1120 by Lambert of St. Omer *''

Imago mundi ''Imago Mundi'', or in full ''Imago Mundi: International Journal for the History of Cartography'', is a semiannual peer-reviewed academic journal about mapping, established in 1935 by Leo Bagrow. It covers the history of early maps, cartography, ...

'', treaty of cosmography and history by Honorius Augustodunensis, about 1110 *'' De philosophia mundi'', written about 1125–35 by William of Conches *'' Didascalicon'', by

Hugues de Saint-Victor Hugh of Saint Victor ( 1096 – 11 February 1141), was a Saxon canon regular and a leading theologian and writer on mystical theology. Life As with many medieval figures, little is known about Hugh's early life. He was probably born in the 1090 ...

(1096-1141), proposal of a new classification of sciences and a new method of lecture of the Bible *''

Hortus deliciarum __NOTOC__ The ''Hortus deliciarum'' ( Latin for ''Garden of Delights'') was a medieval manuscript compiled by Herrad of Landsberg at the Hohenburg Abbey in Alsace, better known today as Mont Sainte-Odile. Description The ''Hortus deliciarum ...

'', written by

Herrade of Landsberg Herrad of Landsberg ( la, Herrada Landsbergensis; 1130 – July 25, 1195) was a 12th-century Alsatian nun and abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains. She was known as the author of the pictorial encyclopedia ''Hortus deliciarum'' (' ...

, the first woman to write an encyclopedia, between 1159 and 1175

13th century

* '' Otia Imperialia'' by

Gervase of Tilbury Gervase of Tilbury ( la, Gervasius Tilberiensis; 1150–1220) was an English canon lawyer, statesman and cleric. He enjoyed the favour of Henry II of England and later of Henry's grandson, Emperor Otto IV, for whom he wrote his best known work, ...

, 1214 *

Guillaume d'Auvergne William of Auvergne (1180/90–1249) was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian ...

, ''De universo creaturarum'', 1231. * Gautier de Metz ''L’Image du monde'', 1246, in Lorrain dialect, based on Honorius Augustodunensis *

Bartholomeus Anglicus Bartholomaeus Anglicus (before 1203–1272), also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century Scholastic of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order. He was the author of the compendium ''De proprietatibus rerum' ...

, ''

De proprietatibus rerum Bartholomaeus Anglicus (before 1203–1272), also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century Scholastic of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order. He was the author of the compendium ''De proprietatibus rerum' ...

'', 1240; the most widely read and quoted encyclopedia in the late-medieval period. * Thomas of Cantimpré, ''Liber de natura rerum'', 1256. *

Vincent of Beauvais Vincent of Beauvais ( la, Vincentius Bellovacensis or ''Vincentius Burgundus''; c. 1264) was a Dominican friar at the Cistercian monastery of Royaumont Abbey, France. He is known mostly for his '' Speculum Maius'' (''Great mirror''), a major wor ...

, ''

Speculum Majus ''Speculum maius'' (greater Mirror) was a major encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, written by Vincent de Beauvais in the 13th century. It was a great compendium of all knowledge of the time. The work seems to have consisted of three parts: the ''Spe ...

'', 1260, the most ambitious encyclopedia in the late-medieval period, with over 3 million words * Brunetto Latini, '' Li Livres dou Trésor'', in French

14th century

Al-Nuwayri Al-Nuwayrī, full name Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī ( ar, شهاب الدين أحمد بن عبد الوهاب النويري, born April 5, 1279 in Akhmim, present-day Egypt – died June 5, 1333 in Cairo) was an E ...

, ''The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition'' (1314–33) *

Ranulf Higden Ranulf Higden or Higdon ( – 12 March 1364) was an English chronicler and a Benedictine monk who wrote the ''Polychronicon'', a Late Medieval magnum opus. Higden, who resided at the monastery of St. Werburgh in Chester, is believed to ...

, ''Polychronicon'' (c.1344) *

Conrad of Megenberg Conrad of Megenberg (german: Konrad von Megenberg, la, Conradus Megenbergensis; 1309–1374) was a German Catholic scholar, and a writer. Biography Conrad was born in either Mainberg or Mebenburg, both in Bavaria. He was born on 2 February 13 ...

, ''Buch der Natur'' (c.1349) *James le Palmer, ''

Omne Bonum ''Omne Bonum'' (English: ''Every Good'' ''Thing'') is a 14th-century encyclopedia compiled in London by James le Palmer (b. before 1327, d. c. 1375). It survives in four volumes in the British Library ( BL Royal 6 E VI and VII). Its author is ide ...

'' *Moses ben Judah (or

Moses Nagari Moses Nagari or Moses ben Judah (in Hebrew, ''Moshe ben Yehuda ha-Nagari'' was a medieval Jewish philosopher and writer. According to Steinschneider, he lived at Rome, Italy about 1300, and his name should be read "Na'ar", part of the Ne'arim family ...

), ''Love in Delights'' (''Ahavah ba-Ta'anugim'', 1353–56)

15th century

Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...

Chinese, '' Yongle Encyclopedia'', 1403–08 * Domenico Bandini of Arezzo, ''

Fons memorabilium universi ''Fons memorabilium universi'' ("Source of notable information about the universe") is an early encyclopedia, written in Latin by the Italian humanist Domenico Bandini of Arezzo (also given as Domenico di Bandino or Dominicus Bandinus, c. 1335 � ...

'', early 15th century * Werner Rolevinck, ''Fasciculus temporum'', 1474 *

Alfonso de la Torre Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century ( Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsu ...

, ''Visio delectable'', c.1484 *

Jacob Meydenbach The ''Hortus Sanitatis'' (also written ''Ortus''; Latin for ''The Garden of Health''), a Latin natural history encyclopaedia, was published by Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz, Germany in 1491. It describes species in the natural world along with thei ...

, ''

Hortus Sanitatis The ''Hortus Sanitatis'' (also written ''Ortus''; Latin for ''The Garden of Health''), a Latin natural history encyclopaedia, was published by Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz, Germany in 1491. It describes species in the natural world along with their ...

'', 1491

16th century

* Giorgio Valla, '' De expetendis et fugiendis rebus'', 1501 *

Domenico Nani Mirabelli Domenico is an Italian given name for males and may refer to: People * Domenico Alfani, Italian painter * Domenico Allegri, Italian composer * Domenico Alvaro, Italian mobster * Domenico Ambrogi, Italian painter * Domenico Auria, Italian archit ...

, ''Polyanthea nova'', 1503 * Gregor Reisch, ''Margarita philosophica'', 1503 *

Johannes Aventinus Johann Georg Turmair (or Thurmayr) (4 July 1477 – 9 January 1534), known by the pen name Johannes Aventinus (Latin for "John of Abensberg") or Aventin, was a Bavarian Renaissance humanist historian and philologist. He authored the 152 ...

, ''Encyclopedia orbisque doctrinarum, hoc est omnium artium, scientiarum, ipsius philosophiae index ac divisio'', 1517 *

Juan Luis Vives Juan Luis Vives March ( la, Joannes Lodovicus Vives, lit=Juan Luis Vives; ca, Joan Lluís Vives i March; nl, Jan Ludovicus Vives; 6 March 6 May 1540) was a Spanish ( Valencian) scholar and Renaissance humanist w ...

, ''De disciplinis libri XX'', 1531 *

Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh (Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius) (Antwerp, c. 1499 – c. 1531) was a Flemish scholar, humanism, humanist, mathematician and astrologer. His ''Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia'' (Basileae: Westhe ...

, ''Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia'' (Basel), 1541 *

Conrad Gessner Conrad Gessner (; la, Conradus Gesnerus 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his ta ...

, '' Historia animalium (Gessner book)'', 1551–58, 1587 *

Charles Estienne Charles Estienne (; 1504–1564), known as Carolus Stephanus in Latin and Charles Stephens in English, was an early exponent of the science of anatomy in France. Charles was a younger brother of Robert Estienne I, the famous printer, and son to ...

, ''Dictionarium historicum, geographicum et poeticum'', 1553 *

Theodor Zwinger Theodor Zwinger the Elder (2 August 1533 – 10 March 1588) was a Swiss physician and Renaissance humanist scholar. He made significant contributions to the emerging genres of reference and travel literature. He was the first distinguished rep ...

(1533–1588), '' Theatrum Humanae Vitae'', 1565 * Pal Skalic, philosopher born in

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Sl ...

, first to use the term ''encyclopedia'' in the current sense.''

Encyclopediae seu orbis disciplinarum tam sacrarum quam profanarum epistemon An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...

'', 1559 (Basel, Switzerland), 1571 (Köln, Germany) *

Bernardino de Sahagún Bernardino de Sahagún, OFM (; – 5 February 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he ...

: '' La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España'', 1545-1590 *

Antonio Possevino Antonio Possevino (Antonius Possevinus) (10 July 1533 – 26 February 1611) was a Jesuit protagonist of Counter Reformation as a papal diplomat and a Jesuit controversialist, encyclopedist and bibliographer. He was the first Jesuit to visit ...

, '' Bibliotheca selecta'', 1593 *'' Bencao Gangmu'' (''Compendium of Materia Medica'') (1596),

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...

, Chinese

17th century

Chinese

*''

Sancai Tuhui ''Sancai Tuhui'' (, ), compiled by Wang Qi () and his son Wang Siyi (), is a Chinese '' leishu'' encyclopedia, completed in 1607 and published in 1609 during the late Ming dynasty, featuring illustrations of subjects in the three worlds of heave ...

'', compiled by Wang Qi and Wang Siyi (1609) *

Song Yingxing Song Yingxing ( Traditional Chinese: 宋應星; Simplified Chinese: 宋应星; Wade Giles: Sung Ying-Hsing; 1587-1666 AD) was a Chinese scientist and encyclopedist who lived during the late Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). He was the author of '' T ...

, ''Tiangong Kaiwu'' (''The Exploitation of the Works of Nature''), 1637

Croatian

Ivan Belostenec Ivan Belostenec (c. 1594 – 2 February 1675) was a Croatian linguist, lexicographer and poet. Life In 1616 he joined the Paulists. He studied philosophy in Vienna and theology in Rome. Belostenec was a prior of Pauline monasteries in Lepoglava ...

, ''Gazophylacium, seu Latino-illyiricorum onomatum aerarium'', c. 1674 (completed in manuscript), published in 1740

English

*Sir Thomas Browne: ''

Pseudodoxia Epidemica ''Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Enquiries into very many received tenents and commonly presumed truths'', also known simply as ''Pseudodoxia Epidemica'' or ''Vulgar Errors'', is a work by Thomas Browne challenging and refuting the "vulgar" or common ...

'' 1646-1672 * John Dunton: ''The ladies dictionary...'', 1694

French

*'' Dictionnaire théologique, historique, poétique, cosmographique et chronologique'' (1643) by Daniel de Juigné-Broissinière an adaptation of

'
Dictionarium historicum, geographicum et poeticum
(1553) *'' Le portrait de la sagesse universelle, avec l'idée générale des sçiances et leur plan représenté en cent tables'' by Léon de Saint-Jean (1655) an extract in French of the authors Latin '' Enciclopaediae praemessum'' (1635) *
L'Encyclopédie des beaux esprits, contenant les moyens de parvenir à la connoissance des belles sciences
' by

Saunier Saunier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Greg Saunier (born 1969), American drummer for the band Deerhoof *Matthieu Saunier (born 1990), French footballer *Pierre-Paul Saunier (1751–1818), French gardener and explor ...

(1657) *'' La science universelle'' by Jean Magnon (1663) * Louis Moréri '' Le Grand Dictionnaire historique'' (''The Great Historical Dictionary''), 1671 * Antoine Furetière, ''Dictionnaire universel contenant généralement tous les mots françois, tant vieux que modernes, et les termes de toutes les sciences et des arts'' 1690. * Pierre Bayle: '' Dictionnaire Historique et Critique'' (''Historical and Critical Dictionary''), 1695

Latin

* Antonio Zara: ''Anatomia ingeniorum et scientiarum'', 1615 * Johann Heinrich Alsted: '' Encyclopaedia septem tomi distincta'' 1630 * Laurentius Beyerlinck, ''Magnum Theatrum Vitae Humanae'', 1631 *

Peter Lauremberg Peter Lauremberg (26 August 1585 – 13 May 1639) was a writer, professor and rector at the University of Rostock in the seventeenth century. Life Son of another professor, Wilhelm Lauremberg, Peter Lauremberg was born in Rostock in 1585, and lik ...

, ''Pansophia'', 1633 *

Athanasius Kircher Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to ...

, ''Ars magna sciendi'', 1669 *

Michael Pexenfelder Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name "Michael" * Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian and ...

, ''Apparatus eruditionis tam rerum quam verborum per omnes artes et scientias,'' 1670 * Johann Jacob Hofmann, ''Lexicon universale, historico-geographico-chronologico-poetico-phîlologicum‘'', Basel, 1677 *

Johann Christoph Wagenseil Johann Christoph Wagenseil (26 November 1633 - 9 October 1705) was a German historian, Orientalist, jurist and Christian Hebraist. Life and career Wagenseil was born in Nuremberg on 26 November 1633. As a youth he was educated at Stockholm, Gre ...

: ''Pera librorum iuvenilium'', 1695

Hungarian

* János Apáczai Csere: ''Magyar encyclopaedia'', c. 1655

Encyclopedias published 1700–1800

American encyclopedias

*'' Dobson's Encyclopædia'' (1789–1798; largely a reprint of the ''Britannica's'' 3rd edition)

British encyclopedias

*'' The great historical, geographical, genealogical and poetical dictionary'' by

Jeremy Collier Jeremy Collier (; 23 September 1650 – 26 April 1726) was an English theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian. Life Born Jeremiah Collier, in Stow cum Quy, Cambridgeshire, Collier was educated at Caius College, University of Cambrid ...

(1701) *'' An Universal, Historical, Geographical, Chronological and Poetical Dictionary'' (1703) *'' Lexicon Technicum'' (1704) *Chambers's '' Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences'' (1728) *'' An Universal History of Arts and Sciences'' by Dennis de Coetlogon (1745) *''

Encyclopædia Britannica The ( Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various ...

'' (1768, editions 2 and 3 by 1797) *''Chemical Dictionary'' by William Nicholson (1795) *''

Encyclopædia Perthensis The ''Encyclopædia Perthensis'' was a publishing project around the Morison Press in Perth, Scotland undertaken in the 1790s, with the involvement of James Morison. Morison went into partnership with Colin Mitchel and Co. Editions The ''Enc ...

'' (1796–1806, ed 2 by 1816)

Chinese encyclopedias

*'' Gujin Tushu Jicheng'' (1725–26),

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

*'' Siku Quanshu'' (1782), Qing dynasty

French encyclopedias

*''

Dictionnaire de Trévoux The ''Dictionnaire de Trévoux'', as the ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'' was unofficially and then officially nicknamed because of its original publication in the town of Trévoux (near Lyon, France), appeared in several editions fr ...

'' (1704–1771) *''

Encyclopédie ''Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers'' (English: ''Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts''), better known as ''Encyclopédie'', was a general encyclopedia publis ...

'', by Diderot and

D'Alembert Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (; ; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the ''Encyclopéd ...

(1751–1772) *'' Descriptions des Arts et Métiers'' (1761–1788) *'' Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines'', Yverdon, (1770–1780) *''

Encyclopédie Méthodique The ''Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières'' ("Methodical Encyclopedia by Order of Subject Matter") was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke, his son-in-law Henri Agasse, and the latter's ...

'' by Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (1782–1832)

German encyclopedias

*''Reales Staats- und Zeitungs-Lexicon'' by Philipp Balthasar Sinold von Schütz (1704) *''Curieuses Natur- Kunst- Gewerk- und Handlungs-Lexicon'' by

Paul Jacob Marperger Paul may refer to: * Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) * Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chr ...

(1712) *'' Allgemeines Lexikon Der Künste und Wissenschaften'' by Johann Theodor Jablonski (1721) *''Musicalisches Lexicon'' by

Johann Gottfried Walther Johann Gottfried Walther (18 September 1684 – 23 March 1748) was a German music theorist, organist, composer, and lexicographer of the Baroque era. Walther was born at Erfurt. Not only was his life almost exactly contemporaneous to th ...

(1732) *''Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon'' by Christian Gottlieb Jöcher (1733–1751) *''

Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon The ''Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste'' ( en, Great Complete Encyclopedia of All Sciences and Arts, , italic=yes) is a 68-volume German encyclopedia published by Johann Heinrich Zedler between 1731 and ...

'' by Johann Heinrich Zedler (1751–1754) *''

Oekonomische Encyklopädie The ''Oekonomische Encyklopädie'' was a German language encyclopedia started by Johann Georg Krünitz. It appeared in 242 volumes between 1773 and 1858. Each volume has about 600-800 pages, giving a total of about 170,000 pages. It was origin ...

'' by Johann Georg Krünitz (1773–1858) *'' Deutschen Encyclopädie'' (1788) *''Historisch-biographisches Lexikon der Tonküstler'' by Ernst Ludwig Gerber (1790–1792) *'' Conversations-Lexikon mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf die gegenwärtigen Zeiten'' (1796–1808; see Brockhaus)

Italian encyclopedias

* Vincenzo Coronelli ''

Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana The ''Biblioteca universale sacro-profana'' (1701–07) was an unfinished encyclopedia from the early eighteenth century, published in Italian by the cartographer and Franciscan friar Vincenzo Coronelli. Coronelli announced the encyclopedia to hi ...

'' (1701–1707) * Gianfrancesco Pivati ''Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso, sacroprofano'' (1746–1751) * Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro ''Idea dell'Universo'' (1778–1792)

Japanese encyclopedias

*'' Wakan Sansai Zue'' (1712)

Polish encyclopedias

*'' Nowe Ateny'' (1745) *''

Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości ''Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości'' (A Collection of Essential Information), a two-volume work by Ignacy Krasicki published 1781–83, was one of the first Polish encyclopedias. History Krasicki's Polish encyclopedia followed Jan Protasowi ...

'' (1781)

Encyclopedias published 1800–1900

American encyclopedias

*''

Minor Encyclopedia ''Harris' Minor Encyclopedia'' is a small encyclopedia compiled by the Rev. Thaddeus Mason Harris in 1803 in Dorchester, Massachusetts, and published that year in Boston by West and Greenleaf. The full title on the title page is ''The Minor Enc ...

'' (1803), edited by Thaddeus M. Harris, copies much of ''

Kendal's Pocket Encyclopedia ''Kendall's Pocket Encyclopedia'' was written by Edward Augustus Kendall and printed in London in 1802 by W. Peacock and Sons,''Kendall's Pocket Encyclopedia'', W. Peacock and Sons, London, 1802 Volume I, title page with a second edition in 1811. ...

'' *''

Domestic Encyclopedia ''The Domestic Encyclopaedia; or, A dictionary of facts, and useful knowledge: comprehending a concise view of the latest discoveries, inventions, and improvements, chiefly applicable to rural and domestic economy'' is a small encyclopedia of the ...

'' (1803–1804), first American edition, expanded to 5 volumes (4 in the British); second American edition 1821 *'' Low's Encyclopaedia'' (1805–1811), the first true American encyclopedia *''

Encyclopaedia Americana ''Encyclopedia Americana'' is a general encyclopedia written in American English. It was the first major multivolume encyclopedia that was published in the United States. With ''Collier's Encyclopedia'' and ''Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclo ...

'' (1829–1833), 13 volumes, editor

Francis Lieber Francis Lieber (March 18, 1798 or 1800 – October 2, 1872), known as Franz Lieber in Germany, was a German-American jurist, gymnast and political philosopher. He edited an '' Encyclopaedia Americana''. He was the author of the Lieber Code during ...

. *'' New American Cyclopaedia'' (1857–1863), 16 volumes, editors George Ripley and Charles A. Dana *'' American Cyclopaedia'' (1873–1876), the retitled '' New American Cyclopaedia'' *''

Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia The 12-volume ''Universal Cyclopaedia'' was edited by Charles Kendall Adams, and was published by D. Appleton & Company in 1900. The name was changed to ''Universal Cyclopaedia and Atlas'' in 1902, with editor . History This was the culminatio ...

'' (1876–1878), 4 volumes; editors

Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard (May 5, 1809 – April 27, 1889) was an American academic and educator who served as the 10th President of Columbia University. Born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, he graduated from Yale University in 1828 and serv ...

and

Arnold Henry Guyot Arnold Henry Guyot ( ) (September 28, 1807February 8, 1884) was a Swiss-American geologist and geographer. Early life Guyot was born on September 28, 1807, at Boudevilliers, near Neuchâtel, Switzerland. He was educated at Chaux-de-Fonds, th ...

*'' Cyclopedia of Universal History'' (1880–1884), world history *'' The Complete Compendium of Universal Knowledge'' (1891) *'' Ridpath's Universal History'' (1895), world history *'' Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia'' (1893–1897), the retitled ''

'', edited by

Charles Kendall Adams Charles Kendall Adams (January 24, 1835 – July 26, 1902) was an American educator and historian. He served as the second president of Cornell University from 1885 until 1892, and as president of the University of Wisconsin from 1892 until 1901. ...

. *Alden's '' Library of Universal Knowledge'' (1879), a reprint of '' Chambers's Encyclopaedia'' with American additions *'' International Cyclopaedia'' (1884), initially largely a reprint of Alden's '' Library of Universal Knowledge'', but later editions were improved by editors Harry Thurston Peck, Selim Peabody,

Frank Moore Colby Frank Moore Colby (February 10, 1865 – March 3, 1925) was an American educator and writer. Biography He was born in Washington, D. C. He graduated from Columbia University in 1888, was acting professor of history at Amherst College in 1890-91, l ...

, and

Daniel Coit Gilman Daniel Coit Gilman (; July 6, 1831 – October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the second president of the University ...

*'' People's Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge'' (1881), 3 volumes, 700 pages each, editor W. H. De Puy. Contains much from '' Chambers's Encyclopaedia''. The 1898 title was ''The New People's Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge''. *'' Barkham Burroughs' Encyclopaedia'' (1889),

miscellany A miscellany is a collection of various pieces of writing by different authors. Meaning a mixture, medley, or assortment, a wikt:miscellany, miscellany can include pieces on many subjects and in a variety of different Literary genre, forms. In c ...

Arabic encyclopedias

*''Muhit al-Muhit'' ("The ocean of oceans"), Butrus al-Bustani (1867)

British encyclopedias

*''

Encyclopaedia Londinensis An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...

'' (1801) *'' English Encyclopaedia'' (1802) *''

'' (1802) *''

'' (1802, second edition 1811) *''

Rees's Cyclopædia Rees's ''Cyclopædia'', in full ''The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature'' was an important 19th-century British encyclopaedia edited by Rev. Abraham Rees (1743–1825), a Presbyterian minister and schola ...

'' (1802–1819) *''

'' (Perth, Scotland, 1803;1816) *''

'' (fourth edition, 1810; ninth edition by 1889) *'' Edinburgh Encyclopædia'' (1808–1830) *'' British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences'' (1809) *''

Encyclopædia Edinensis The ''Encyclopædia Edinensis'' was a six-volume general encyclopedia published in Edinburgh in 1827, and intended for a popular audience. It was edited by James Millar (physician), James Millar, who died just before it was complete. Editorial st ...

'' (1816) *'' Pantologia'' (1813) *'' Encyclopædia Metropolitana'' (1822–1845) *''

Penny Cyclopaedia ''The Penny Cyclopædia'' published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge was a multi-volume encyclopedia edited by George Long and published by Charles Knight alongside the '' Penny Magazine''. Twenty-seven volumes and three sup ...

'' (1833–1846) *''

English Cyclopaedia The ''English Cyclopaedia: A new dictionary of universal knowledge'' (London, 1854–1862, 4to, 23 vols., 12,117 pages; supplements, 1869–1873, 4 vols., 2858 pages), was published by Charles Knight, based on the ''Penny Cyclopaedia'', of which ...

'' (1854–1862, supp. 1869–1873) *'' Chambers's Encyclopaedia'' (1860; no relation to Chambers's ''Cyclopaedia'' of the 18th century) *''

Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable ''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'', sometimes referred to simply as ''Brewer's'', is a reference work containing definitions and explanations of many famous Figure of speech, phrases, allusions, and figures, whether Biography, historica ...

'' (1870) *'' Dictionary of Political Economy'' (1894–1899), by

Inglis Palgrave Sir Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave (11 June 1827 – 25 January 1919) was a British economist. Early life Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave was born on 11 June 1827. He was the son of Francis Palgrave (born Cohen) and his wife Elizabeth Turner ...

*'' Pears Cyclopaedia'' (1897), originally named ''Pears' Shilling Cyclopaedia'' *'' The People's Select Cyclopedia'' (1897), by Charles Nisbett *'' Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible'' (1898–1904)

Czech encyclopedias

* ''Riegrův slovník naučný'' (11 volumes, 1860–1874; supplement vol. 1890) * '' Otto's encyclopedia'' (28 volumes, 1888–1909)

Danish encyclopedias

* '' Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'' (19 volumes, 1893–1911) * '' Den Store Danske Leksikon'' - several editions, up to 26 volumes (or more)

Dutch encyclopedias

*'' Winkler Prins Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie'' (1870–1882; 2nd ed. 1884–1888)

French encyclopedias

Dictionnaires généraux, universels, encyclopédiques, et autres…
- a bibliography of French encyclopedias up to Larousse *''

'' ( Panckoucke), (1782–1832) *''Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique'',

François-Joseph Fétis François-Joseph Fétis (; 25 March 1784 – 26 March 1871) was a Belgian musicologist, composer, teacher, and one of the most influential music critics of the 19th century. His enormous compilation of biographical data in the ''Biographie univ ...

(1835–1844) *''

Encyclopédie nouvelle The ''Encyclopédie nouvelle, ou dictionnaire philosophique, scientifique, littéraire et industriel, offrant le tableau des connaissances humaines au XIXe siècle'' was a French encyclopedia founded by Pierre Leroux and Jean Reynaud Jean Erne ...

'' ( Pierre Leroux and

Jean Reynaud Jean Ernest Reynaud (February 14, 1806–July 28, 1863) was a French mining engineer and socialist philosopher. He was a member of the Saint-Simonian community. He was a co-founder of the Encyclopédie nouvelle. Life He was born in Lyon ...

) (1839–1840) *''Petite Encyclopédie du jeune âge'', Larousse (1853) *'' Nouvelle Biographie Générale'', Ferdinand Hoefer (1853–1866) *'' Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle'' by

Pierre Larousse Pierre Athanase Larousse (23 October 18173 January 1875) was a French grammarian, lexicographer and encyclopaedist. He published many of the outstanding educational and reference works of 19th-century France, including the 15-volume '' Grand dic ...

(17 volumes 1866–1877), really an encyclopedia despite its name *''Dictionnaire de chimie pure et appliquée'', Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1874–1878) *''Dictionnaire de botanique'',

Henri Ernest Baillon Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895. Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on b ...

(1876–1892) *'' La Grande Encyclopédie'', general secretaries of the editorial board: Ferdinand-Camille Dreyfus and André Berthelot (31 volumes 1886–1902)

German encyclopedias

*''

(General System of State, City, Home and Agriculture)'', Editor Johann Georg Krünitz (242 Volumes 1773–1858) *'' Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse'',

G. F. W. Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (; ; 27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher. He is one of the most important figures in German idealism and one of the founding figures of 19th century philosophy, modern Western philosophy. ...

(1817) *'' Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste'' (

Ersch Johann Samuel Ersch (23 June 1766 – 16 January 1828) was a German bibliographer, generally regarded as the founder of German bibliography. Biography He was born in Großglogau (now Głogów), in Silesia. In 1785 he entered the University o ...

–

Gruber __NOTOC__ Gruber is a German surname from Austria and Bavaria, referring to a person from a geological depression, mine, or pit. It is the most common surname in Austria (see List of most common surnames). Places * Gruber Mountains, Antarctica * ...

; 1818–1889, uncompleted) *'' Brockhaus'' (eds. 1–14 by 1900) *'' Pierers Universal-Lexikon'' (1824–1836; 7th ed. 1888–1893) *'' Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', " Pauly– Wissowa" (1839–1852, 2nd ed. 1890–1980) *''

Meyers Konversations-Lexikon ' or ' was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the '. Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house in 1826, intended ...

'' (1839–1855; 5th ed. 1893–1897) *'' Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche'',

Johann Jakob Herzog Johann Jakob Herzog (12 September 1805, Basel – 30 September 1882, Erlangen), was a Swiss-German Protestant theologian. Herzog studied theology at the University of Basel and Berlin, earning his doctorate at the University of Basel in 1830. ...

(1853–1868) *'' Herders Konversations-Lexikon'' (1854–1857; 2nd ed. 1875–1879) *'' Handbuch der Organischen Chemie'',

Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Бейльштейн) (17 February 183818 October 1906), was a Russian chemist and founder of the famous ''Handbuch der organischen Chemie'' (''Handbook of Organic Chemistry''). T ...

(1880–1882) *''

Lexikon der gesamten Technik The ''Lexikon der gesamten Technik'' is an illustrated German-language encyclopedia of architectural, engineering and manufacturing technology, written by Otto Lueger (German engineer, 1843–1911) and first published in 1894. Editions * ...

'', Otto Lueger (1st Edition 1894–1899) *'' Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften'',

Felix Klein Christian Felix Klein (; 25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work with group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the associations between geometry and grou ...

(1898–1933)

Hungarian encyclopedias

* ''Fejér György: A tudományok encyclopaediája rövid rajzolatban'' (2 vol.), Pest (1818) * ''Lánghy István: A tudományok ismeretére tanító könyv'', Pest (1827) * ''Nyiry István: A tudományok öszvessége'' (3 vol.), Sárospatak (1829–1831) * ''Közhasznú Esmeretek Tára'' (12 vol.), Pest (1831–1834) (→ hu) * ''Ifjúsági ismeretek'' (4 vol.), Bécs (1840) * ''Vállas Antal: Nemzeti encyclopaedia'' (7 vol.), Pest (1845–1848) * ''Ujabb kori ismeretek tára'' (6 vol.), Pest (1850–1855) (→ hu) * ''Ismerettár. Nélkülözhetetlen segédkönyv a történelem, természet s egyéb tudományok köréből'' (10 vol.), Pest (1858–1864) (→ hu) * ''Egyetemes magyar encyclopaedia'' (1859–1876) (→ hu) * ''Magyar lexikon'' (16 vol.), Budapest (1879–1885) (→ hu) * '' A Pallas Nagy Lexikona'' (1893–1897)

Japanese encyclopedias

*'' Koji Ruien'' (1896–1914)

Polish encyclopedias

*''Encyklopedia Powszechna'' or ''Encyklopedia Orgelbranda'' (1st Edition, 28 volumes, 1859–1868) *''Encyyklopedia Kościelna'' (33 volumes, 1873–1933)

Romanian encyclopedias

*'' Enciclopedia română'' (Editor: Constantin Diaconovich, 3 volumes, 1896–1904)

Russian encyclopedias

* '' Plyushar's Encyclopedic Lexicon'' (17 volumes, 1834–1841) * ''

Military Encyclopedic Lexicon A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distin ...

'' (15 volumes, 1837–1852) * Starchevsky's ''Spravochny entsiklopedichesky slovar'' (12 volumes, 1847–1855) * '' Encyclopedia of Military and Marine Sciences'' (8 volumes, 1883–1897) * ''

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary'' ( Russian: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, abbr. ЭСБЕ, tr. ; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume ...

'' (86 volumes, 1890–1906) * '' Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (9 volumes, 1891–1903)

Spanish encyclopedias

* ''

Enciclopedia moderna ''Enciclopedia moderna'' (in English: ''Modern Encyclopedia'') (complete title: ''Enciclopedia moderna: Diccionario universal de literatura, ciencias, artes, agricultura, industria y comercio'') is a Spanish encyclopedia published in Madrid by F ...

'' (1851), Francisco de P. Mellado * ''Diccionario geográfico, estadístico, histórico, de la isla de Cuba'' (1863–1866)

Swedish encyclopedias

* ''Conversations-lexicon'' (4 volumes, 1821–1826), a translation of the German Brockhaus 2nd edition * ''Svenskt konversationslexikon'' (4 volumes, 1845–1851), by Per Gustaf Berg * '' Nordisk familjebok'' first edition 20 volumes 1876–1899 (of which the two last ones are supplementary volumes)Nordisk familjebok
/ref> * '' Nordisk familjebok'' second edition 38 volumes 1904–1926 (of which the last four and a part of number 34 are supplementary volumes) * '' Nordisk familjebok'' third edition 26 volumes 1924–1939 (of which the end of number 25 and the entire 26th volume are supplementary, covering history until summer of 1939. The

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlism, Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebeli ...

is covered until its end, but nothing on the Second World War) * '' Nordisk familjebok'' third edition 26 volumes, second printing, including not so few coloured posters (like national maps, city maps a poster of all the flags of the world etc) and a huge number of full page black and white portraits. These The additional pages are not enumerated. 1942–1944. The second printing also got a new binder, but not even errors are corrected inside the work. Still a notable enough difference when compared to the first printing. * '' Nordisk familjebok'' fourth edition 22 volumes 1951–1955. * '' Svensk Uppslagsbok'' first edition 30 volumes 1929–1937 LIBRIS - Svensk uppslagsbok /
/ref> * '' Svensk Uppslagsbok'' second edition 32 volumes 1947–1955 * '' Bonniers Lexikon'' 15 volumes 1961–1967. Known as "Äpplet", "The Apple". Perhaps the most widely spread encyclopedia ever, written in the Swedish language. Looks nice on the shelf. * ''Reflex'' 4 volumes for children age 10 and older. 1968–1971. A regular inventory in many Swedish class rooms during the 1970's. * ''The new Bonniers Lexikon'' 24 volumes, 1993–1998. * ''

Nationalencyklopedin ''Nationalencyklopedin'' (; "The National Encyclopedia" in English), abbreviated NE, is a comprehensive contemporary Swedish language, Swedish-language encyclopedia, initiated by a favourable loan from the Government of Sweden of 17 million Swed ...

'' or NE 20 volumes, 1989–1996. DVD versions in 1996 and 2000. Online today.

Turkish encyclopedias

* ''Kamus-ül-Ulûm ve’l-Maarif'' Editor Ali Suavi, 1870 * ''Lûgaat-i Tarihiye ve Coğrafiye'' Editor Ahmet Rıfat Efendi, 1881 (7 volumes) * ''Sicil-i Osmani'' Editor Mehmet Süreyya Bey, 1890 * ''Kamus-ül-Alam'' Editor » : Şemsettin Sami, 1899 (6 volumes)

Religious encyclopedias

*''

The Coptic Encyclopedia The ''Coptic Encyclopedia'' is an eight-volume work covering the history, theology, language, art, architecture, archeology and hagiography of Coptic Egypt. The encyclopedia was written by over 250 Western and Egyptian contributing experts in the ...

'' (1993) *''

Jewish Encyclopedia ''The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on th ...

'' (1901–1906) *''

Encyclopaedia Judaica The ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'' is a 22-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Israel. It covers diverse areas of the Jewish world and civilization, including Jewish history of all eras, culture, holidays, lan ...

'' *''

Catholic Encyclopedia The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...

'' (1913) *'' Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge'' (1914;

public domain The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable. Because those rights have expired, ...

since 2004) *''

St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India ST, St, or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Stanza, in poetry * Suicidal Tendencies, an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band * Star Trek, a science-fiction media franchise * Summa Theologica, a compendium of Catholic philosophy an ...

'' (1973,82,2010) *''

Encyclopedia of Mormonism The ''Encyclopedia of Mormonism'' is a semi-official English-language encyclopedia for topics relevant to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church, see also "Mormon"). The five-volume texts have been digitized and are available ...

'' (1992) *''

Orthodox Encyclopedia The ''Orthodox Encyclopedia'' (russian: Православная энциклопедия, translit=Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya) is a specialized encyclopedia, published by the Church Research Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" under the general edito ...

'' (Serbe) *''

Encyclopaedia of Islam The ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''EI'') is an encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies published by Brill. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published ...

'' *'' Hastings, James:

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia ( British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into arti ...

'' (1908–1926) *''Unitarian-Universalist Encyclopedia''''Unitarian-Universalist Encyclopedia''
/ref>

Specialist encyclopedias

*''

The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopaedia ''The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopaedia'' is a book edited by Luke Hebert, a Birmingham patent agent and journalist, and published by Thomas Kelly of Paternoster Row. The first edition appeared in 1836 and 1837. The second edition app ...

'' (1836/1837; 2nd ed. 1849; often cited as Hebert's ''Encyclopaedia'') *''

Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures ''Tomlinson's Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts'' is a multi-volume encyclopedia focusing on manufacturing, mining, and engineering. It was edited by Charles Tomlinson, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and a lecturer at King's College School, London. ...

'' (1852; often cited as Tomlinson's ''Cyclopaedia'') *'' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'' (1842) *''

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 p ...

'' (1870) *'' Cyclopaedia of Political Science'' - ''Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers''] (1881–1899), John J. Lalor *''

The Cyclopedia of New Zealand ''The Cyclopedia of New Zealand: industrial, descriptive, historical, biographical facts, figures, illustrations'' was an encyclopaedia published in New Zealand between 1897 and 1908 by the Cyclopedia Company Ltd. Arthur McKee was one of the origi ...

'' (1897–1908, mainly

self-published Self-publishing is the publication of media by its author at their own cost, without the involvement of a publisher. The term usually refers to written media, such as books and magazines, either as an ebook or as a physical copy using POD (pr ...

)

References

Bibliography

* Collison, Robert, ''Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout the Ages'', 2nd ed. (New York, London: Hafner, 1966) {{DEFAULTSORT:Encyclopedias by date Lists of books by type Lists of reference books date

Encyclopedias An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...