Taxonomic list of fossil prehistoric birds
Higher-levelBasal
Basal
Basal
Basal
Casuariiformes
Cassowaries, emus and related ratites. *Casuariidae Kaup 1847 [Dromaiidae Huxley 1868; Dramaiinae Gray 1870; Dramiceiidae Richmond 1908; Dramaeidae Newton 1896] (emus and cassowaries) **†'' Diogenornis, Diogenornis fragilis'' (Early Eocene) – possible casuariiform **†''
†Dinornithiformes
Moas. *†Megalapteryx didinus, Megalapterygidae - (Upland moas) **†''Megalapteryx didinus'' [''Palaeocasuarius'' ; ''Dinornis didinus'' ; '' Megalapteryx benhami'' ; '' Megalapteryx hamiltoni'' ; '' Megalapteryx hectori'' ; '' Megalapteryx tenuipes'' ; '' Anomalopteryx didina'' ; '' Palaeocasuarius velox'' ; '' Palaeocasuarius elegans'' ; '' Palaeocasuarius haasti'' ] *††
Tinamiformes
*Tinamidae [Crypturidae ; Tinamotidae ; Eudromiidae ; Rhynchotidae ] (tinamous) **†''Querandiornis, Querandiornis romani'' (Ensenada Early/Middle Pleistocene of Argentina) **†'' Roveretornis'' **Tinamidae gen. et sp. indet. MACN-SC Fleagle Collection (Early – Middle Miocene of S Argentina) - at least 2 species **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Vegaviiformes
*†''Neogaeornis, Neogaeornis wetzeli'' Lambrecht 1929 (Late Cretaceous) *†''Polarornis, Polarornis gregorii'' Chatterjee 2002 (Late Cretaceous) *†''
Galliformes
The group that includes domestic chickens and their relatives. *Placement unresolved **†''Archaealectrornis, Archaealectrornis sibleyi'' Crowe & Short 1992 (Oligocene) - phasianid? **†''Archaeophasianus'' Lambrecht 1933 (Oligocene? - Late Miocene) - tetraonid or phasianid ***†''Archaeophasianus mioceanus, A. mioceanus'' (Shufeldt 1915) [''Phasianus mioceanus'' Shufeldt 1915] ***†''Archaeophasianus roberti, A. roberti'' (Stone 1915) [''Phasianus roberti'' Stone 1915] **†''Austinornis, Austinornis lentus'' (Marsh 1877b) Clarke 2004 [''Graculavus lentus'' Marsh 1877b; ''Ichthyornis lentus'' (Marsh 1877b) Marsh 1880; ''Pedioecetes lentus'' (Marsh 1877b); ''Pedioecetes phasianellus'' (Linnaeus 1758) Shufeldt 1915; ''Tetrao phasianellus'' Linnaeus 1758] - (Late Cretaceous) tentatively placed here; **†''Chambiortyx, Chambiortyx cristata'' Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2013 **†''"Cyrtonyx tedfordi, Cyrtonyx" tedfordi'' (Miller 1952) (Late Miocene) **†''Linquornis, Linquornis gigantis'' Yeh 1980 (middle Miocene) **†''Namaortyx, Namaortyx sperrgebietensis'' Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & 2011 **†''Palaealectoris, Palaealectoris incertus'' Wetmore 1930 (Early Miocene) - tetraonid? **†''Palaeoalectoris, Palaeoalectoris songlinensis'' Hou 1987 (middle Miocene) **†''Palaeonossax, Palaeonossax senectus'' Wetmore 1956 (Late Oligocene) - cracid? **†''Palaeortyx'' Milne-Edwards 1869 [''Palaeoperdix'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Proalector'' Brodkorb 1964] (middle Eocene -? Early Pliocene) - phasianid or odontophorid ***†''Palaeortyx, P. media'' Milne-Edwards 1871 (nomen nudum) ***†''Palaeortyx, P. volans'' Göhlich & Pavia 2008 ***†''Palaeortyx, P. gallica'' Milne-Edwards 1869 non Lydekker 1891 [''Rallus dasypus'' Milne-Edwards 1892; ''Quercyrallus dasypus'' (Milne-Edwards) Lambrecht 1933; ''Taoperdix gallica'' (Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1964; ?''Palaeortyx intermedia'' Ballmann 1969b; ''Coturnix gallica'' (Milne-Edwards) Mlýkovský 2002a] ***†''Palaeortyx, P. brevipes'' Milne-Edwards 1869 emend. Paris 1912 [''Palaeortyx ocyptera'' Milne-Edwards 1892; ''Palaeortyx grivensis'' Lydekker 1893 non Ballmann 1969a; ''Plioperdix grivensis'' (Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964; ''Palaeortyx cayluxensis'' Lydekker 1891 non Milne-Edwards 1892 emend. Gaillard 1908; ''Taoperdix brevipes'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964] ***†''Palaeortyx, P. prisca'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) [''Alectoris prisca'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlýkovský 2002a; ''Palaeoperdix prisca'' Milne-Edwards 1869 emend. Göhlich & Mourer-Chauviré 2005; ''Palaeoperdix sansaniensis'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Palaeocryptonyx grivensis'' Ennouchi 1930] ***†''Palaeortyx, P. phasianoides'' Milne-Edwards 1869 [''Palaeoperdix longipes'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Palaeortyx longipes'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2000e; ''Coturnix longipes'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002; ''Palaeocryptonyx gaillardia'' Ennouchi 1930; ''Proalector gaillardia'' (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964; ''Palaeortyx phasianoides grivensis'' Ballmann 1969a non Lydekker 1893b; '' Taoperdix phasianoides'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964] ***†''Palaeortyx, P. joleaudi'' Ennouchi 1930 [''Plioperdix joleaudi'' (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964; ''Palaeortyx depereti'' Ennouchi 1930; ''Plioperdix depereti'' (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964] **†''Procrax, Procrax brevipes'' Tordoff & Macdonald 1957 (middle Eocene? - Early Oligocene) - cracid? gallinuloidid? **†''Shandongornis'' Yeh 1997 (middle Miocene) ***†''Shandongornis, S. shanwanensis'' Yeh 1997 ***†''Shandongornis, S. yinansis'' Hou 2003 **†''Sobniogallus, Sobniogallus albinojamrozi'' Tomek et al. 2014 **†''Taoperdix'' Milne-Edwards 1869 (Late Oligocene) - gallinuloidid? ***†''Taoperdix pesseiti, T. pesseiti'' (Gervais 1862) [''Tetrao pessieti'' Gervais 1862] ***†''Taoperdix miocaena, T. miocaena'' (Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969 [''Palaeortyx miocaena'' Gaillard 1939] **Galliformes gen. et sp. indet. MCZ 342506 (Oligocene) - formerly in ''Gallinuloides''; phasianid? *†Gallinuloididae Lucas 1900 **†''Gallinuloides, Gallinuloides wyomingensis'' Eastman 1900 (Early/middle Eocene) **†''Paraortygoides'' Mayr 2000 (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England – middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) ***†''Paraortygoides messelensis, P. messelensis'' Mayr 2000 ***†''Paraortygoides radagasti, P. radagasti'' Dyke & Gulas 2002 *†Paraortygidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992 **†''Pirortyx, Pirortyx major'' (Gaillard 1939) Brodkorb 1964 [''Palaeortyx major'' Gaillard 1939] **†''Scopelortyx, Scopelortyx klinghardtensis'' Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & Senut 2015 **†''Paraortyx'' Gaillard 1908 sensu Brodkorb 1964 ***†''Paraortyx lorteti, P. lorteti'' Gaillard 1908 [''Palaeortyx cayluxensis'' Lydekker 1891; ''Palaeortyx gaillardi'' Lambrecht 1933; ''Ludiortyx gaillardi'' (Lambrecht 1933) Brodkorb 1964] ***†''Paraortyx brancoi, P. brancoi'' Gaillard 1908 *†Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992 **†''Taubacrex, Taubacrex granivora'' dAlvarenga 1988 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Brazil) **†''Ameripodius'' Alvarenga 1995 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene of Brazil and France) ***†''Ameripodius silvasantosi, A. silvasantosi'' Alvarenga 1995 ***†''Ameripodius alexis, A. alexis'' Mourer-Chauviré 2000 **†''Quercymegapodius'' Mourer-Chauviré 1992 (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene) ***†''Quercymegapodius depereti, Q. depereti'' (Gaillard 1908) [''Palaeocryptonyx depereti'' Gaillard 1908] ***†''Quercymegapodius brodkorbi, Q. brodkorbi'' Mourer-Chauviré 1992 *Megapodidae – megapodes **†''Ngawupodius, Ngawupodius minya'' Boles & Ivison 1999 **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***†''Leipoa gallinacea'' – formerly ''Chosornis, Palaeopelargus, Progura'' *Cracidae – guans and curassows **†''Boreortalis, Boreortalis laesslei'' Brodkorb 1954 (Early Miocene) – may be same as ''Ortalis'' **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Ortalis'' (Early Miocene – Recent) ****†''Ortalis, O. affinis'' Feduccia & Wilson 1967 ****†''Ortalis, O. phengites'' Wetmore 1923 ****†''Ortalis, O. pollicaris'' Miller 1944 ****†''Ortalis, O. tantala'' Wetmore 1933 *Odontophoridae – New World quails **†''Nanortyx, Nanortyx inexpectatus'' Weigel 1963 (Cypress Hills Early Oligocene of North Calf Creek, Canada) **†''Neortyx, Neortyx peninsularis'' Holman 1961 (Early Pleistocene of Reddick, US) **†''Miortyx'' Miller 1944 (Rosebud Early Miocene of Flint Hill, US) ***†''Miortyx teres, M. teres'' Miller 1944 ***†''Miortyx aldeni, M. aldeni'' Howard 1966 **''Placement unresolved'' ***Odontophoridae gen. et sp. indet. KUVP 9393 (White River Early/middle Oligocene of Logan County, US) **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***†''Cyrtonyx cooki'' Gutierrez et al. 1981 (Late Miocene? of Upper Sheep Creek, US) ***†''Callipepla shotwelli'' (Brodkorb 1958) [''Lophortyx shotwelli'' Brodkorb 1958] (Middle Pliocene of McKay Reservoir, US) ***†''Colinus hibbardi'' Wetmore 1944 (Rexroad Late Pliocene of Rexroad, US) ***†''Colinus suilium'' Brodkorb 1959 (Early Pleistocene of SE US) ***†''Colinus'' sp. (Late Pliocene of Benson, US) ***†''Dendrortyx''? sp. (Late Pleistocene of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico) *Phasianidae – pheasants, quails, partridges, grouse and turkeys **†''Bantamyx, Bantamyx georgicus'' Kuročkin 1982 **†''Diangallus, Diangallus mious'' Hou 1985 **†''Lophogallus, Lophogallus naranbulakensis'' Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2010 **†''Megalocoturnix, Megalocoturnix cordoni'' Sánchez Marco 2009 (Early Pliocene of Layna, Spain) **†''Miophasianus'' Brodkorb 1952 [''Miophasianus'' Lambrecht 1933 nomen nudum; ''Miogallus'' Lambrecht 1933] ***†''Miophasianus maxima, M. maxima'' (Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964 [''Palaeortyx maxima'' Lydekker 1893] ***†''Miophasianus altus, M. altus'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Villalta & Crusafont 1950 [''Phasianus altus'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Miogallus altus'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002; ''Phasianus Desnoyersii'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Ardea similis'' Fraas 1870; ''Tantalus milne-edwardsii'' Shufeldt 1896; ''Pseudotantalus'' Milne-Edwardsi (Shufeldt 1896) Sharpe; ''Gallus longaevus'' Ammon 1918; ''Phasianus augustus'' Ammon 1918; ''Botaurites similis'' (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933; ''Miophasianus augustus'' (Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933; ''Miophasianus desnoyersii'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933; ''Miogallus longaevus'' (Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933; ''Proardea similis'' (Ammon 1870) Gaillard 1939; ''Ibis milne-edwardsi'' (Shufeldt 1896) Brodkorb 1963c] ***†''Miophasianus medius, M. medius'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [''Phasianus medius'' Milne-Edwards 1869; ''Palaeoperdix medius'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Cheneval 2000] **†''Proagriocharis, Proagriocharis kimballensis'' Martin & Tate 1970 (Kimball Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lime Creek, US) **†''Palaeocryptonyx'' Depéret 1892 [''Chauvireria'' Boev 1997; ''Pliogallus'' Tugarinov 1940b non Gaillard 1939; ''Lambrechtia'' Janossy 1974] (Late Pliocene of SW Europe) ***†''Palaeocryptonyx donnezani, P. donnezani'' Depéret 1892 [''Francolinus Čapeki'' Lambrecht 1933; ''Pliogallus coturnoides'' Tugarinov 1940b; ''Plioperdix coturnoides'' (Tugarinov 1940b) Kretzoi 1955b; ''Francolinus capeki wenzensis'' Jánossy 1974a; ''Francolinus capeki villányiensis'' Jánossy 1974a; ''Francolinus (Lambrechtia) capeki'' (Lambrecht 1933) Jánossy 1974a; ''Alectoris baryosefi'' Tchernov 1980; ''Francolinus wezensis'' (Jánossy 1974a) Jánossy 1981; ''Plioperdix capeki'' (Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1995b; ''Alectoris donnezani'' (Depéret 1892) Mlíkovský 2002; ''Chauvireria balcanica'' Boev 1997a] ***†''Palaeocryptonyx grivensis, P. grivensis'' Ennouchi 1930 ***†''Palaeocryptonyx novaki, P. novaki'' Sánchez Marco 2009 ***†''Palaeocryptonyx edwardsi, P. edwardsi'' (Depéret 1887) Ballmann 1969a [''Palaeortyx edwardsi'' Depéret 1887; ''Palaeortyx miocaena'' Gaillard 1939; ''Taoperdix miocaena'' (Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969; ''Palaeoperdix edwardsi'' (Depéret 1887) Brodkorb 1964; ''Alectoris edwardsi'' (Depéret 1887) Mlíkovský 2002] ***†''Palaeocryptonyx minor, P. minor'' (Jánossy 1974) [''Francolinus minor'' Jánossy 1974; ''Ammoperdix ponticus'' Tugarinov 1940b; ''Pliogallus ponticus'' (Tugarinov 1940); ''Plioperdix ponticus'' (Tugarinov 1940) Kuročkin 1985; ''Francolinus (Lambrechtia) minor'' Jánossy 1974a] ***†''Palaeocryptonyx subfrancolinus, P. subfrancolinus'' (Jánossy 1976b) [''Francolinus subfrancolinus'' Jánossy 1976b; ''Plioperdix subfrancolinus'' (Jánossy 1976b) Mlíkovský 1995b] **†''Pliogallus'' Běljajeva 1948 ***†''Pliogallus, P. coturnoides'' Běljajeva 1948 ***†''Pliogallus, P. csarnotanus'' Kessler & Horváth 2022 **†''Plioperdix'' Kretzoi 1955 [''Pliogallus'' Gaillard 1939 non Tugarinov 1940] ***†''Plioperdix crassipes, P. crassipes'' (Gaillard 1939) [''Pliogallus crassipes'' Gaillard 1939] ***†''Plioperdix kormosi, P. kormosi'' (Gaillard 1939) [''Pliogallus kormosi'' Gaillard 1939] ***†''Plioperdix africana, P. africana'' Mourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2010 ***†''Plioperdix hungarica, P. hungarica'' (Jánossy 1991) Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2014 [''Palaeocryptonyx hungaricus'' Jánossy 1991] **†''Rustaviornis, Rustaviornis georgicus'' Burchak-Abramovich & Meladze 1972 **†''Rhegminornis, Rhegminornis calobates'' Wetmore 1943 (Early Miocene of Bell, US) **†''Schaubortyx, Schaubortyx keltica'' (Eastman 1905) Brodkorb 1964 [''Taoperdix keltica'' Eastman 1905] (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene) **†''Shandongornis'' Yeh 1997 ***†''Shandongornis, S. shanwanensis'' Yeh 1997 ***†''Shandongornis, S. yinansis'' Hou 2003 **†''Shanxiornis, Shanxiornis fenyinis'' Wang et al. 2006 **†''Tologuica'' Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009 (Middle Miocene of Sharga, Mongolia) ***†''Tologuica aurorae, T. aurorae'' Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009 ***†''Tologuica karhui, T. karhui'' Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009 **''Placement unresolved'' ***Tetraoninae gen. et sp. indet. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary) ***Meleagridae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Westmoreland County, US) ***''"Tympanuchus stirtoni, Tympanchus" stirtoni'' Miller 1944 (Early Miocene of South Dakota) ***''"Tympanuchus" lulli'' Shuefeldt 1915 (Pleistocene? of New Jersey) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Coturnix'' (Late Oligocene – Recent) ***''Bambusicola'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ****†''Bambusicola, B. dalianensis'' (Hou 1990) [''Tetrastes dalianensis'' Hou 1990] ****†''Bambusicola, B. nini'' Sánchez Marco 2009 ****†''Bambusicola, B. praebonasia'' (Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [''Tetrastes praebonasia'' Jánossy 1974] ***''Phasianus'' (Late Miocene) ****†''Phasianus, P. lufengia'' Hou 1985 ****†''Phasianus, P. yanshansis'' Huang & Hou 1984 ***''Crossoptilon'' ****†''Crossoptilon, C. jiai'' Hou 1982 ***''Lophura'' ****†''Lophura, L. wayrei'' Harrison & Walker 1982 ***''Gallus (biology), Gallus'' (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Gallus (biology), G. aesculapii'' Jánossy 1976 ****†''Gallus (biology), G. beremendensis'' Jánossy 1977 ****†''Gallus (biology), G. georgicus'' ****†''Gallus (biology), G. imereticus'' ****†''Gallus (biology), G. karabachensis'' Baryšnikov & Potapova 1995 (Giant junglefowl) ****†''Gallus (biology), G. kudarensis'' Burčak-Abramovič & Potapova ****†''Gallus (biology), G. meschtscheriensis'' ****†''Gallus (biology), G. tamanensis'' ***''Lagopus'' (Early? Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Lagopus, L. atavus'' Jánossy 1974 ****†''Lagopus, L. balcanicus'' Boev 1995 ****†''Lagopus, L. lagopus noaillensis'' Mourer-Chauviré 1975 ****†''Lagopus, L. muta correzensis'' Mourer-Chauviré 1975 ***''Meleagris'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Meleagris, M. celer'' Marsh 1872 ****†''Meleagris, M. tridens'' Wetmore 1931 ****†''Meleagris, M. progenes'' (Brodkorb 1964) [''Agriocharis progenes'' Brodkorb 1964] ****†''Meleagris, M. leopoldi'' ****†''Meleagris, M. anza'' (Howard 1963) [''Agriocharis anza'' Howard 1963] ****†''Meleagris, M. crassipes'' Rea 1980 ***''Pavo (genus), Pavo'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Pavo (genus), P. bravardi'' (Gervais 1849) [''Gallus moldovicus'' Abramovich, Ganea & Shushpanov 1993] ***''Tetrao'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Tetrao, T. conjugens'' Jánossy 1974 ****†''Tetrao, T. macropus'' Jánossy 1976 ****†''Tetrao, T. partium'' (Kretzoi 1962) ****†''Tetrao, T. praeurogallus'' Jánossy 1969 ****†''Tetrao, T. rhodopensis'' Boev 1998 ***''Lyrurus'' ****†''Lyrurus, Lyrurus tetrix longipes'' ***''Francolinus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Francolinus, F. capeki'' Jánossy 1974 ****†''Francolinus, F. villanyiensis'' Jánossy 1974 ****†''Francolinus, F. wenzensis'' Jánossy 1974 ***''Perdix'' (Early Pleistocene – Recent) ****†''Perdix, P. inferna'' (Kurochkin 1985) [''Lophura inferna'' Kuročkin 1985] ****†''Perdix, P. margaritae'' Kuročkin 1985 ****†''Perdix, P. palaeoperdix'' Mourer-Chauviré 1975 ***''Syrmaticus'' ****†''Syrmaticus, S. kozlovae'' Kuročkin 1985 ***''Bonasa'' (Early/Middle Pleistocene – Recent) ****†''Bonasa, B. dalianensis'' (Hou 1990) [''Tetrastes dalianensis'' Hou 1990] ****†''Bonasa, B. nini'' Sánchez Marco 2009 ****†''Bonasa, B. praebonasia'' (Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [''Tetrastes praebonasia'' Jánossy 1974] ***''Dendragapus'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent) ****†''Dendragapus, D. gilli'' (Brodkorb 1964) [''Palaeotetrix gilli'' Brodkorb 1964] ****†''Dendragapus, D. lucasi'' Jehl 1969 ***''Alectoris'' ****†''Alectoris, A. baryosefi'' Tchernov 1980 ****†''Alectoris, A. bavarica'' Ballmann 1969 ****†''Alectoris, A. peii'' Hou 1982Charadriiformes
Gulls, auks, shorebirds *Basal and unresolved taxa **Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Cretaceous) – burhinid? basal? **''"Morsoravis"'' (Late Paleocene/Early Eocene) – a ''nomen nudum''? **''Jiliniornis'' (middle Eocene) – charadriid? **''Boutersema'' (Early Oligocene) – glareolid? **''Turnipax'' (Early Oligocene) – turnicid? **''Elorius'' (Early Miocene) **''"Larus desnoyersii'' (Early Miocene of SE France) – larid? stercorarid? **''"Larus pristinus'' (John Day Early Miocene of Willow Creek, US) – larid? **Charadriiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species, 1 probably larid **Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) **''"Totanus" teruelensis'' (Late Miocene of Los Mansuetos, Spain) – scolopacid? larid? **''"Actitis" balcanica'' (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria) – scolopacid? charadriid? *Scolopacidae – waders and snipes **''Paractitis'' (Early Oligocene) **''Mirolia'' (Middle Miocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle – Late Miocene) ***Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Limosa'' (Late Eocene? – Recent) ***''Tringa'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene? – Recent) – includes ''Totanus'' ***''Gallinago'' (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Scolopax'' (Early/Middle Pliocene? – Recent) ***''Phalaropus'' (Middle Pliocene – Recent) ***''Actitis'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Numenius (bird), Numenius'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includes ''Palnumenius'' *Jacanidae – jacanas **''Nupharanassa'' (Early Oligocene) **''Janipes'' **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Jacana farrandi'' *Laridae – gulls **Laridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene) **''Laricola'' (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene) – larid? Formerly ''"Larus" elegans'' and ''"L." totanoides'' **''Gaviota (genus), Gaviota'' (Middle/Late Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Larus'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) *Alcidae – auks **''Hydrotherikornis'' (Late Eocene) **''Pseudocepphus'' (Middle – Late Miocene) **''Petralca'' (Early –? Late Oligocene) **''Miocepphus'' (Middle Miocene) **''Alcodes'' (Late Miocene) **''Praemancalla'' (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) **''Mancalla'' (Late Miocene – Early Pleistocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Cepphus'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Uria'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Aethia '' (Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Razorbill, Alca'' (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Synthliboramphus'' (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Fratercula'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Pinguinus'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Brachyramphus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Ptychoramphus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) *Stercorariidae – skuas and jaegers **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Stercorarius'' sp. (Middle Miocene) ***''Stercorarius shufeldti'' (Fossil Lake Middle Pleistocene of WC US) ***''Prehistoric subspecies of extant species'' ****''Stercorarius pomarinus philippi'' *Glareolidae – pratincoles **''Paractiornis'' (Agate Fossil Beds Early Miocene of Sioux County, US) **''Mioglareola'' (Early Miocene of Czech Republic) - formerly ''"Larus" dolnicensis'' **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Glareola neogena'' *Burhinidae – thick-knees **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Burhinus lucorum'' (Early Miocene) ***''Burhinus aquilonaris'' ***''Burhinus'' sp. (Cuba, West Indies) ***''Burhinus'' sp. (Late Pleistocene of Las Higueruelas, Spain) ***''Prehistoric subspecies of extant species'' ****''Burhinus bistriatus nanus'' (Bahamas, West Indies) *Charadriidae – plovers **''Limicolavis'' (John Day Early Miocene of Malheur County, US) **''Viator (bird), Viator'' (Late Pleistocene of Talara, Peru) – may be synonym of ''Vanellus'' (or ''Belanopteryx'' if valid) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Vanellus'' (Middle/Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includes ''Belanopteryx'' **''Additional prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Oreopholus orcesi'' *Recurvirostridae – avocets **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Himantopus'' (Late Miocene – Recent) **''Additional prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Recurvirostra sanctaeneboulae''†Gastornithiformes (extinct)
The diatrymas, a group of huge flightless Paleogene birds of unclear affinities. Traditionally placed within the Gruiformes, they are usually considered a distinct order nowadays and appear closer to the Anseriformes. *Gastornithidae **†''Ornitholithes biroi'' Dughi & Sirugue 1969 [ootaxa- Gastornis?] **†''Ornithoformipes controversus'' [ichnotaxa] **†''Rivavipes giantess'' [ichnotaxa] **†Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. (Paleocene) – possibly ''Gastornis'' **†Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. YPM PU 13258 (Early Eocene) – possibly juvenile ''Gastornis giganteus'' **†''"Diatryma" cotei'' Galliard 1936 (middle-Late Eocene) **†''Gastornis'' Hébert 1855 [''Diatryma'' Cope 1876; ''Barornis'' Marsh 1894; ''Omorhamphus'' Sinclair 1928; ''Palaeornis'' Bonaparte 1856; ''Macrornis'' Seeley 1866; ''Zhongyuanus'' Hou 1980] (Late Paleocene – middle Eocene) ***†''Gastornis parisiensis, G. parisiensis'' Hébert 1855 [''Gastornis edwardsii'' Lemoine 1878; ''Gastornis klaasseni'' Newton 1885] ***†''Gastornis giganteus, G. giganteus'' (Cope 1876) [''Diatryma gigantea'' Cope 1876; ''Barornis regens'' Marsh 1894; ''Diatryma regens'' (Marsh 1894); ''Omorhamphus storchii'' Sinclair 1928 (juvenile); ''Diatryma steini'' Matthew & Granger 1917; ''Diatryma ajax'' Shufeldt 1913; ''Gastornis ajax'' (Shufeldt 1913) Brodkorb 1967] ***†''Gastornis, G. sarasini'' (Schaub 1929) Mlíkovský 2002 [''Diatryma sarasini'' Schaub, 1929b; ''Diatryma geiselensis'' Fischer 1978; ''Gastornis geiselensis'' (Fischer 1978)] ***†''Gastornis, G. russeli'' Martin 1992 ***†''Gastornis, G. xichuanensis'' (Hou 1980) Buffetaut 2013 [''Zhongyuanus xichuanensis'' Hou 1980]Gruiformes
The group that includes modern Rallidae, rails and Crane (bird), cranes. ProbablyEurypygiformes
*†Aptornithidae **†''Aptornis proasciarostratus'' *Eurypygidae **†''Eoeurypyga, Eoeurypyga olsoni'' *†Messelornithidae – Messel pit, Messel-birds **†''Pellornis, Pellornis mikkelseni'' **†''Itardiornis, Itardiornis hessae'' **†''Cariamiformes
*†''Itaboravis, Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides'' *†'' Walbeckornis creber'' *†Qianshanornithidae **†''Qianshanornis, Qianshanornis rapax'' *†Salmilidae **†''Salmila, Salmila robusta'' *†Ameghinornithidae **†''Strigogyps'' [''Aenigmavis'' ; ''Ameghinornis'' ; ''Eocathartes'' ; ''Geiseloceros'' ] ***†''Strigogyps, S. dubius'' ***†''Strigogyps, S. robustus'' [''Eocathartes robustus'' ; ''Geiseloceros robustus'' ] (middle Eocene of Germany) ***†''Strigogyps sapea, S. sapea'' [''Aenigmavis sapea'' ; ''Ameghinornis minor'' ] *†Bathornithidae **†''Eutreptornis, Eutreptornis uintae'' (Uinta Late Eocene of Ouray Agency, US) **†''Neocathartes, Neocathartes grallator'' [''Eocathartes'' ; ''Eocathartes grallator'' ; ''Bathornis grallator'' ] (Late Eocene) **†''Paracrax'' (Early/middle Oligocene of Gerry's Ranch, US – Brule Late Oligocene of South Dakota, US) ***†''Paracrax, P. antiqua'' [''Meleagris antiquus'' ; ''Oligocorax mediterraneus'' ; ''Phalacrocorax mediterraneus'' ] ***†''Paracrax, P. wetmorei'' ***†''Paracrax, P. gigantea'' **†Bathornithidae gen. nov. (Early – middle Oligocene of C US) – formerly ''Bathornis celeripes'' and ''B. cursor'' **†''Bathornis'' (Early Oligocene – Early Miocene of C US) ***†''Bathornis, B. minor'' ***†''Bathornis veredus, B. veredus'' [''Palaeogyps prodromus'' ] (Early Oligocene of WC North America) ***†''Bathornis, B. fax'' [''Palaeocrex fax'' Wetmore 1927] ***†''Bathornis, B. geographicus'' ***†''Bathornis, B. fricki'' *†Idiornithidae [Orthocnemidae] **†''Dynamopterus'' [''Idiornis'' ; ''Orthocnemus'' ] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany –? Quercy Phosphorites middle Oligocene of Quercy, France) ***†''Idiornis cursor, I. cursor'' [''Orthocnemus cursor'' ; ''Orthocnemus major'' ; ''Idiornis major'' ] ***†''Idiornis gallicus, I. gallicus'' [''Filholornis gravis'' ; ''Orthocnemus gallicus'' ; ''Agnopterus gallicus'' ] ***†''Idiornis gracilis, I. gracilis'' [''Elaphrocnemus gracilis'' ; ''Agnopterus gracilis'' ] ***†''Idiornis minor, I. minor'' [''Orthocnemus minor'' ; ''Agnopterus minor'' ] ***†''Dynamopterus anthracinus, D. anthracinus'' [''Idiornis anthracinus'' ] ***†''Dynamopterus tuberculata, D. tuberculata'' [''Idiornis tuberculata'' ] ***†''Dynamopterus gaillardi, D. gaillardi'' [''Idiornis gaillardi'' ] ***†''Dynamopterus itardiensis, D. itardiensis'' [''Idiornis itardiensis'' ; ''Agnopterus itardiensis'' ] **†''Talantatos'' [''Elaphrocnemus'' ; ''Filholornis'' ] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of France) ***†''Talantatos bordkorbi, T. bordkorbi'' [''Elaphrocnemus bordkorbi'' ] ***†''Talantatos crex, T. crex'' [''Elaphrocnemus crex'' ] ***†''Talantatos phasianus, T. phasianus'' [''Elaphrocnemus phasianus'' ; ''Filholornis debilis'' ; ''Filholornis paradoxa'' ] ***†''Talantatos fossilis, T. fossilis'' [''Tantalus fossilis'' ; ''Orthocnemus major'' ; ''Idiornis major'' ; ''Telecrex peregrinus'' ] ***†''Talantatos proudlocki, T. proudlocki'' [''Percolinus proudlocki'' ] **†''Gypsornis'' [''Percolinus'' ] (Montmartre Late Eocene of Montmartre, France) ***†''Gypsornis cuvieri, G. cuvieri'' ***†''Gypsornis venablesi, G. venablesi'' [''Percolinus venablesi'' ] **†''Propelargus'' [''Oblitavis'' ] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) ***†''Propelargus edwardsi, P. edwardsi'' ***†''Propelargus insolitus, P. insolitus'' [''Oblitavis insolitus'' ] ***†''Propelargus cayluxensis, P. cayluxensis'' **†''Occitaniavis elatus'' [''Geranopsis'' ; ''Geranopsis elatus'' ; ''Propelargus elatus'' ] **†''Ibidopodia'' (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of France) – threskiornithid? ***†''Ibidopodia chavrochensis, I. chavrochensis'' ***†''Ibidopodia minuta, I. minuta'' ***†''Ibidopodia palustris, I. palustris'' *†Phorusrhacidae – Terror birds **†''Lavocatavis, Lavocatavis africana'' **†''Patagorhacos, Patagorhacos terrificus'' **†''Eleutherornis'' (Late Eocene) ***†''Eleutherornis helveticus, E. helveticus'' ***†''Eleutherornis cotei, E. cotei'' **†''Paleopsilopterus, Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis'' (Middle Paleocene) **†''Procariama, Procariama simplex'' (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) **†''Psilopterus'' [''Pelecyornis'' ; ''Staphylornis'' ] (middle Oligocene – Late Miocene) ***†''Psilopterus, P. bachmanni'' [''Patagornis bachmanni'' ; ''Psilopterus communis'' ; ''Psilopterus intermedius'' ; ''Phororhacos delicatus'' ; ''Pelecyornis puerredonensis'' ] ***†''Psilopterus, P. lemoinei'' [''Patagornis lemoinei'' ; ''Psilopterus australis'' ; ''Pelecyornis tubulatus'' ; ''Phorohacos modicus'' ; ''Staphylornis gallardoi'' ; ''Staphylornis erythacus'' ; ''Pelecyornis tenuirostris'' ] ***†''Psilopterus, P. affinis'' [''Phororhacos affinis'' ] ***†''Psilopterus, P. colzecus'' **†''Llallawavis, Llallawavis scagliai'' **†''Mesembriornis'' [''Paleociconia'' ; ''Prophorohacos'' ; ''Hermosiornis'' ] (Late Miocene – Late Pliocene) ***†''Mesembriornis, M. milneedwardsi'' [''Paleociconia australis'' ; ''Driornis pampeanus'' ; ''Hermosiornis milneedwardsi'' ; ''Hermosiornis rapax'' ; ''Prophororhacos australis'' ] ***†''Mesembriornis, M. incertus'' [''Prophororhacos incertus'' ] **†''Patagornis, Patagornis marshi'' [''Morenomercatia'' ; ''Tolmodus'' ; ''Tolmodus inflatus'' ; ''Phorusrhacos inflatus'' ; ''Paleociconia cristata'' ; ''Morenomerceraria cristata'' ] (Early – Middle Miocene) **†''Andrewsornis, Andrewsornis abbotti'' (middle – Late Oligocene) **†''Andalgalornis, Andalgalornis steulleti'' [''Phororhacos steulleti'' Kraglijevič 1931; ''Phororhacos deautieri'' ; ''Andalgalornis ferox'' ] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) **†''Phorusrhacos, Phorusrhacos longissimus'' [''Stereornis'' ; ''Darwinornis'' ; ''Owenornis'' ; ''Titanornis'' ; ''Callornis'' ''Calornis'' ; ''Eucallornis'' ; ''Liornis'' ; ''Phororhacos longissimus'' ; ''Phororhacos platygnathus'' ; ''Phororhacos sehuensis'' ; ''Stereornis rollieri'' ; ''Stereornis gaundryi'' ; ''Mesembriornis studeri'' ; ''Mesembriornis quatrefragesi'' ; ''Darwinornis copei'' ; ''Darwinornis zittelli'' ; ''Darwinornis socialis'' ; ''Owenornis affinis'' ; ''Owenornis lydekkeri'' ; ''Titanornis mirabilis'' ; ''Callornis giganteus'' ; ''Eucallornis giganteus'' ; ''Liornis floweri'' ; ''Liornis minor'' ] (Early – Middle Miocene) **†''Devincenzia, Devincenzia pozzi'' [''Onactornis'' Cabrera 1939; ''Phorohacos pozzi'' ; ''Phorohacos longissimus mendocinus'' ; ''Devincenzia gallinali'' ; ''Onactornis depressus'' ; ''Onactornis pozzi'' ; ''Onactornis mendocinus'' ] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) **†''Titanis, Titanis walleri'' (Early – Late Pliocene) **†''Kelenken, Kelenken guillermoi'' (Early – Late Pliocene) **†''Physornis, Physornis fortis'' [''Aucornis'' ; ''Aucornis euryrhynchus'' ] (middle – Late Oligocene) **†''Paraphysornis, Paraphysornis brasiliensis'' [''Physornis brasiliensis'' ] (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene) **†''Brontornis, Brontornis burmeisteri'' [''Rostrornis'' ; ''Rostrornis floweri'' ; ''Brontornis platyonyx'' ] (Early – Middle Miocene) *Cariamidae – seriemas **†'' Riacama caliginea'' **†''Pseudolarus, Pseudolarus guaraniticus'' [''Pseudogavia'' ; ''Ameghinia'' ] **†'' Smiliornis penetrans'' **†''Noriegavis, Noriegavis santacrucensis'' [''Cariama santacrucensis'' ] **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Chunga (bird), Chunga'' ****†''Chunga (birds), C. incerta''Otidiformes
*Otididae – bustards **†''Gryzaja, Gryzaja odessana'' Zubareva 1939 [''Chlamydotis pliodeserti'' Serebrovskyj 1941; ''Otis gryzaja'' Vojinstvens'kyj 1967] **†''Ioriotis, Ioriotis gabunii'' Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1981 **†''Miootis, Miootis compactus'' Umanskaya 1979 **†''Pleotis, Pleotis liui'' Hou 1982 **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Chlamydotis'' Brodkorb 1967 [''Otis affinis'' Lydekker 1891a] ****†''Chlamydotis, C. affinis'' (Lydekker) ****†''Chlamydotis, C. mesetaria'' Sánchez Marco 1990 ***''Tetrax'' ****†''Tetrax, T. paratetrax'' (Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987) [''Otis paratetrax'' Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987] ***''Otis (bird), Otis'' ****†''Otis (bird), O. bessarabicus'' Kessler & Gal 1996 ****†''Otis (bird), O. hellenica'' Boev, Lazaridis & Tsoukala 2014 ****†''Otis (bird), O. khosatzkii'' Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987 (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)Phoenicopteriformes
*Placement unresolved **†''Phoeniconotius, Phoeniconotius eyrensis'' Miller 1963 [''Phoenicopterus novaehollandiae'' Miller 1963] (Etadunna Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Lake Ngapakaldi to Lake Palankarinna Fossil Area, Lake Pitikanta, Australia) *†Palaelodidae Stejneger 1885 – Swimming-flamingos **†''Adelalopus, Adelalopus hoogbutseliensis'' Mayr & Smith 2002 (stout-legged flamingos) - (Borgloon Early Oligocene of Hoogbutsel, Belgium) **†''Palaelodus'' Milne-Edwards 1863 [''Pliogrus'' Lambrecht 1933] (middle Oligocene –? Middle Pleistocene) ***†''Palaelodus ambiguus, P. ambiguus'' Milne-Edwards 1863 [''Grus problematica'' Milne-Edwards 1871; ''Probalearica problematica'' (Milne-Edwards 1871); ''Palaelodus gracilipes'' Milne-Edwards 1863; ''Palaelodus crassipes'' Milne-Edwards 1863; ''Paloelodus minutus'' (sic) Milne-Edwards 1868, ''Grus miocenicus'' Grigorescu & Kessler 1977] ***†''Palaelodus aotearoa, P. aotearoa'' Worthy et al. 2010 ***†''Palaelodus germanicus, P. germanicus'' (Lambrecht 1933) [''Pliogrus germanicus'' Lambrecht 1933] ***†''Palaelodus kurochkini, P. kurochkini'' Zelenkov 2013 ***†''Palaelodus pledgei, P. pledgei'' Baird & Vickers-Rich 1998 ***†''Palaelodus wilsoni, P. wilsoni'' Baird & Vickers-Rich 1998 **†''Megapaloelodus'' Miller 1944 (Late Oligocene – Early Pliocene) ***†''Megapaloelodus, M. conectens'' (Miller 1944) ***†''Megapaloelodus, M. peiranoi'' Agnolin 2009 ***†''Megapaloelodus, M. goliath'' (Milne Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1983c [''Paloelodus goliath'' (sic) Milne-Edwards 1868] ***†''Megapaloelodus, M. opsigonus'' Brodkorb 1961 *Phoenicopteridae – flamingos **†''Harrisonavis, Harrisonavis croizeti'' (Gervais 1852) Kashin 1978 [''Gervaisia'' Harrison & Walker 1976 non Bonaparte 1854 non Waga 1858 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1863; ''Phoenicopterus croizeti'' Gervais 1852; ''Gervaisia croizeti'' (Gervais 1852) Harrison & Walker 1976] **†''Leakeyornis, Leakeyornis aethiopicus'' (Harrison & Walker 1976) Vickers-Rich & Walker 1983 [''Phoenicopterus aethiopicus'' Harrison & Walker 1976] **†''Elornis'' Milne-Edwards 1868 [''Elornis'' Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; ''Helornis'' Lydekker 1891; ''Actiornis''] (Middle? Eocene – Early Oligocene) ***†''Elornis anglicus, E. anglicus'' Aymard 1856 nomen nudum [''Helornis anglicus''; ''Actiornis anglicus'' Lydekker 1891] ***†''Elornis grandis, E. grandis'' Milne-Edwards 1868 [''Elornis grandis ''1856 Aymard nomen nudum] ***†''Elornis littoralis, E. littoralis'' Milne-Edwards 1868 [''Elornis littoralis'' Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; ''Elornis antiquus'' Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; ''Elornis antiquus'' Milne-Edwards 1868; ''Helornis littoralis'' (Milne-Edwards 1868) Lydekker 1891] **Placement unresolved ***Phoenicopteridae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle? – Late Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Phoenicopterus'' (middle Oligocene – Recent) ****†''Phoenicopterus, P. floridanus'' Brodkorb 1953 ****†''Phoenicopterus, P. stocki'' (Miller 1944) ****†''Phoenicopterus, P. siamensis'' Cheneval et al. 1991 ****†''Phoenicopterus, P. gracilis'' Miller 1963 (Early Pleistocene of Lake Kanunka, Australia)Podicipediformes
*Podicipedidae – grebes **†''Miobaptus'' Švec 1982 (Early Miocene) ***†''Miobaptus huzhiricus, M. huzhiricus'' Zelenkov 2015 ***†''Miobaptus walteri, M. walteri'' Švec 1982 [''Podiceps walteri'' (Švec 1984) Mlíkovský 2000] **†''Miodytes, Miodytes serbicus'' Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler 2002 **†''Pliolymbus, Pliolymbus baryosteus'' Murray 1967 (Late Pliocene – Early? Pleistocene) **†''Thiornis, Thiornis sociata'' Navás 1922 [''Podiceps sociatus'' (Navás 1922) Olson] (Late Miocene –? Early Pliocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene) – formerly included in ''Podiceps parvus'' ***Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene) ***Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Aechmophorus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Aechmophorus, A. elasson'' Murray 1967 ***''Podilymbus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Podilymbus, P. mujusculus'' Murray 1967 ****†''Podilymbus, P. wetmorei'' Storer 1976 ****†''Podilymbus, P. podiceps magnus'' ***''Podiceps'' (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – Recent) ****†''Podiceps, P. arndti'' Chandler 1990 ****†''Podiceps, P. caspicus'' (Habizl 1783) [''Colymbus caspicus'' Habizl 1783] ****†''Podiceps, P. csarnotatus'' Kessler 2009 ****†''Podiceps, P. discors'' Murray 1967 ****†''Podiceps, P. dixi'' Brodkorp 1963 ****†''Podiceps, P. miocenicus'' Kessler 1984 ****†''Podiceps, P. oligocaenus'' (Shufeldt) ****†''Podiceps, P. parvus'' (Shufeldt 1913) [''Colymbus parvus'' Schufeldt 1913] ****†''Podiceps, P. solidus'' Kuročkin 1985 ****†''Podiceps, P. subparvus'' (Miller & Bowman 1958) [''Colymbus subparvus'' Miller & Bowman 1958]Phaethontiformes
* †Prophaethontidae ** †''Lithoptila, Lithoptila abdounensis'' (Late Paleocene – Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco)– including ''Abdounornis'' ** †''Prophaethon, Prophaethon shrubsolei'' (Late Paleocene ?– Early Eocene) * Phaethontidae – tropicbirds **''?†Proplegadis, Proplegadis fisheri'' (London Clay Early Eocene of England) – Threskiornithidae? ** †''Phaethusavis, Phaethusavis pelagicus'' (Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco) ** †''Heliadornis'' (Miocene of North America and Europe) *** †''Heliadornis ashbyi, H. ashbyi'' *** †''Heliadornis minor, H. minor'' *** †''Heliadornis paratethydicus, H. paratethydicus''Ciconiiformes
The diverse group that includes storks, herons and New World vultures. Paraphyletic as listed here. * †Ciconiidae – storks ** †''Ciconiopsis antarctica'' ** †''Palaeoephippiorhynchus, Palaeoephippiorhynchus dietrichi'' (Early Oligocene) ** †''Grallavis, Grallavis edwardsi'' [''Propelargus edwardsi'' ; ''Palaeoephippiorhynchus edwardsi'' ] (Early Miocene) – may be same as ''Prociconia'' ** †''Pelargosteon, Pelargosteon tothi'' (Early Pleistocene) ** †''Sanshuiornis, Sanshuiornis zhangi'' **''Placement unresolved'' ***Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerly ''Aquilavus bilinicus'' ; ''Cygnus bilinicus'' (Early Miocene) ***Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) ***cf. ''Leptoptilos'' gen. et sp. indet. – formerly ''Leptoptilos siwalicensis'' (Late Miocene? - Late Pliocene) ***Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pleistocene) – ''Ciconia'' or ''Mycteria''? **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Ciconia'' (Early Miocene? – Recent) – includes ''Xenorhynchus'' **** †''Ciconia lydekkeri, C. lydekkeri'' (Middle to Late Pleistocene) **** †''Ciconia, C. gaudryi'' **** †''Ciconia, C. minor'' **** †''Ciconia, C. sarmatica'' **** †''Ciconia, C. kahli'' **** †''Ciconia louisebolesae, C. louisebolesae'' **** †''Ciconia, C. lucida'' **** †''Ciconia maltha, C. maltha'' (Asphalt/La Brea stork) **** †''Ciconia nana, C. nana'' [''Xenorhynchus nanus'' ] (Australian stork) **** †''Ciconia, C. stehlini'' ***''Mycteria'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) **** †''Mycteria, M. milleri'' [''Dissourodes milleri'' ] **** †''Mycteria, M. wetmorei'' ***''Ephippiorhynchus'' (Late Miocene – Recent) **** †''Ephippiorhynchus, E. tchoufour'' **** †''Ephippiorhynchus, E. pakistanensis'' ***''Leptoptilos'' (Late Miocene – Recent) – includes ''Cryptociconia'' **** †''Leptoptilos, L. falconeri'' [''Argala falconeri'' ] **** †''Leptoptilos, L. pliocenicus'' **** †''Leptoptilos, L. inidcus'' [''Cryptociconia indica'' ] **** †''Leptoptilos lüi, L. lüi'' **** †''Leptoptilos patagonicus, L. patagonicus'' **** †''Leptoptilos robustus, L. robustus'' **** †''Leptoptilos, L. richae'' **** †''Leptoptilos, L. titan'' ***''Jabiru'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) **** †''Jabiru, J. codorensis''Pelecaniformes
The group that includes modern pelicans and cormorants. As presented hereProcellariiformes
The group that includes modern albatrosses, petrels and storm-petrels. *Placement unresolved **†''Eopuffinus, Eopuffinus kazachstanensis'' (Late Paleocene of Zhylga, Kazakhstan) **†''Makahala, Makahala mirae'' **†''Proaestrelata'' *†Marinavidae **†''Marinavis, Marinavis longirostris'' *† Tytthostonychidae **†'' Tytthostonyx glauconiticus'' *†Diomedeoididae **†''Rupelornis'' van Beneden 1871 [''Gaviota (genus), Gaviota'' ; ''Ardeita'' ; ''Diomedeoides'' ; ''Frigidafrons'' ] (Early Oligocene– Early Miocene of C Europe and Iran) ***†''Rupelornis harmati, R. harmati'' [''Diomedeoides harmati'' ] ***†''Rupelornis definitus, R. definitus'' [''Vanellus selysii'' ; ''Anas creccoides'' ; ''Gaviota lipsiensis'' ; ''Diomedeoides minimus'' ; ''Frigidafrons brodkorbi'' ; ''Ardeita gracilis'' ; ''Diomedeoides lipsiensis'' ; ''Diomedeoides brodkorbi'' ] ***†''Rupelornis babaheydariensis, R. babaheydariensis'' [''Frigidafons babaheydariensis'' ; ''Diomedeoides babaheydariensis'' ] *Oceanitidae **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Oceanites'' ****†''Oceanites, O. zaloscarthmus'' *Diomedeidae – albatrosses **†''Murunkus, Murunkus subitus'' (middle Eocene) **†''Plotornis'' [''Chenornis'' ] (Early – Middle Miocene) ***†''Plotornis arvernensis, P. arvernensis'' [''Puffinus arvernensis'' ; ''Puffinus arvernensis'' ] ***†''Plotornis deltortrii, P. deltortrii'' ***†''Plotornis graculoides, P. graculoides'' [''Chenornis graculoides'' ] **†''Tydea, Tydea septentrionalis'' (Early Oligocene of the North Sea basin) **†Diomedeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene of South Carolina) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Diomedea'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) ****†''Diomedea, D. anglica'' ****†''Diomedea, D. howardae'' ****†''Diomedea, D. milleri'' ****†''Diomedea, D. rumana'' ****†''Diomedea, D. tanakai'' ****†''Diomedea, D. thyridata'' ***''Phoebastria'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) ****†''Phoebastria, P. rexsularum'' ***''Thalassarche'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ****†''Thalassarche, T. thyridata'' *Hydrobatidae – storm-petrels **†''Primodroma, Primodroma bournei'' (Early Eocene) **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***†''Oceanodroma hubbsi, "Oceanodroma" hubbsi'' (Hubbs' Storm-petrel)(Capistrano Middle/Late Miocene of Orange County, US) ***†''Pelagodroma'' sp. 1 ***''Pelagodroma'' sp. 2 *Procellariidae – petrels **†''Argyrodyptes, Argyrodyptes microtarsus'' (San Julián Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Chubut, Argentina) **†''Pterodromoides, Pterodromoides minoricensis'' **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Calonectris'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Calonectris, C. krantzi'' ****†''Calonectris, C. kurodai'' ****†''Calonectris, C. wingatei'' ***''Fulmarus'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) ****†''Fulmarus, F. hammeri'' ****†''Fulmarus, F. miocaenus'' ***''Pachyptila'' (Late Miocene– Recent) ****†''Pachyptila, P. salax'' ***''Pelecanoides'' (Early/Middle Miocene – Recent) ****†''Pelecanoides, P. cymatotrypetes'' ****†''Pelecanoides, P. miokuaka'' (Miocene diving petrel) ****†''Pelecanoides, P. urinatrix'' ***''"Pterodroma"'' (Pleistocene – Recent) ****†''Pterodroma, P. kurodai'' ****†''Pterodroma rupinarum, P. rupinarum'' ***''Puffinus'' (Early Oligocene – Recent) ****†''Puffinus aquitanicus, P. aquitanicus'' ''Procellaria aquitanica'' ****†''Puffinus antiquus, P. antiquus'' ''Procellaria antiqua'' ****†''Puffinus barnesi, P. barnesi'' ****†''Puffinus calhouni, P. calhouni'' ****†''Puffinus conradi, P. conradi'' ****†''Puffinus diatomicus, P. diatomicus'' ****†''Puffinus felthami, P. felthami'' ****†''Puffinus gilmorei, P. gilmorei'' ****†''Puffinus inceptor, P. inceptor'' ****†''Puffinus kanakoffi, P. kanakoffi'' ****†''Puffinus micraulax, P. micraulax'' ****†''Puffinus mitchelli, P. mitchelli'' ****†''Puffinus nestori, P. nestori'' ****†''Puffinus priscus, P. priscus'' ****†''Puffinus raemdonckii, P. raemdonckii'' [Larus Raemdonckii Beneden 1871] ****†''Puffinus tedfordi, P. tedfordi''Gaviiformes
*†'' Gaviella pusilla'' (Shufeldt 1915) Wetmore 1940 *†''Nasidytes, Nasidytes ypresianus'' (Mayr & Kitchener, 2022) *Gaviidae – loons **†''Colymboides'' Milne-Edwards 1867 [Dyspetornis Oberholser 1905; Hydrornis Milne-Edwards 1867 non Blyth 1843; Davisona Mathews 1935; Megagallinula Kuročkin 1968] (Late Eocene – Early Miocene) – paraphyletic? ***†''Colymboides, C. harundinea'' (Kuročkin 1968) ''Megagallinula harundinea'' Kuročkin 1968) ***†''Colymboides, C. metzleri'' Mayr 2004 ***†''Colymboides, C. anglicus'' Lydekker 1891a ***†''Colymboides, C. belgicus'' Mayr & Smith 2002 ***†''Colymboides, C. minutus'' Milne-Edwards 1867 ** Placement unresolved ***''"Gavia" portisi'' (Late Pliocene of Orciano Pisano, Italy) – rentatively placed here. A ''Sphenisciformes
*Unresolved and basal forms **†''Waimanu'' Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Early – Late Palaeocene) ***†''Waimanu manneringi, W. manneringi'' Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Mannering's penguin) ***†''Waimanu, W. tuatahi'' Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Waipara penguin) **†''Perudyptes, Perudyptes devriesi'' Clarke et al. 2007 – basal? (middle Eocene) **Sphenisciformes gen. et sp. indet. CADIC P 21 (middle Eocene) *Spheniscidae – penguins **†''Kaiika, Kaiika maxwelli'' Fordyce & Tomas 2011 **†''Palaeoapterodytes, Palaeoapterodytes ictus'' (Ameghino 1891) Ameghino 1905 (nomen dubium) [''Apterodytes'' Ameghino 1891 non Hermann 1783; ''Apterodytes ictus'' Ameghino 1891] **†''Tereingaornis, Tereingaornis moisleyi'' Scarlett 1983 (Moisley's penguin) **†''Crossvallia, Crossvallia unienwillia'' Tambussi et al. 2005 (Late Paleocene) **†''Anthropornis'' Wiman 1905 (mid-Eocene –? Early Oligocene) ***†''Anthropornis, A. nordenskjoeldii'' Wiman 1905 (Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin) ***†''Anthropornis, A. grandis'' (Wiman 1905) [''Arthrodytes grandis'' (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905] **†''Archaeospheniscus'' Marples 1952 (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene) ***†''Archaeospheniscus lowei, A. lowei'' Marples 1952 (Lowe's penguin) ***†''Archaeospheniscus lopdelli, A. lopdelli'' Marples 1952 (Lopdell's penguin) **†''Delphinornis'' Wiman 1905 [''Notodyptes'' Marples 1953] (mid-/Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene) ***†''Delphinornis gracilis, D. gracilis'' Myrcha et al. 2002 ***†''Delphinornis larseni, D. larseni'' Wiman 1905 ***†''Delphinornis arctowskii, D. arctowskii'' Myrcha et al. 2002 ***†''Delphinornis wimani, D. wimani'' (Marples 1953) Ksepka & Clarke 2010 [''Notodyptes wimani'' Marples 1953; ''Archaeospheniscus wimani'' (Marples 1953) Simpson 1971a] **†''Palaeeudyptes'' Huxley 1859 [''Eosphaeniscus'' Wiman 1905] (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene) ***†''Palaeeudyptes klekowskii, P. klekowskii'' Myrcha, Tatur & del Valle 1990 ***†''Palaeeudyptes gunnari, P. gunnari'' (Wiman 1905) [''Eosphaeniscus gunnari'' Wiman 1905] **†''Icadyptes, Icadyptes salasi'' Clarke et al. 2007 (Late Eocene) **†''Inkayacu, Inkayacu paracasensis'' Clarke et al. 2010 (Late Eocene) **†''Pachydyptes, Pachydyptes ponderosus'' Oliver 1930 (Late Eocene) **†''Marambiornis, Marambiornis exilis'' Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene–? Early Oligocene) **†''Mesetaornis, Mesetaornis polaris'' Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene) **†''Tonniornis'' Tambussi et al. 2006 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene) ***†''Tonniornis mesetaensis, T. mesetaensis'' Tambussi et al. 2006 ***†''Tonniornis minimum, T. minimum'' Tambussi et al. 2006 **†''Wimanornis, Wimanornis seymourensis'' Simpson 1971 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene) **†''Arthrodytes, Arthrodytes andrewsi'' Ameghino 1901 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene) **†''Duntroonornis, Duntroonornis parvus'' Marples 1953 (Duntroon penguin) (Late Oligocene) **†''Kairuku'' Ksepka et al. 2012 (Late Oligocene) ***†''Kairuku grebneffi, K. grebneffi'' Ksepka et al. 2012 ***†''Kairuku waitaki, K. waitaki'' Ksepka et al. 2012 **†''Korora (bird), Korora oliveri'' Marples 1952 (Oliver's penguin) (Late Oligocene) **†''Platydyptes'' Marples 1952 (Late Oligocene) ***†''Platydyptes marplesi, P. marplesi'' (Brodkorb 1963) Simpson 1971 [''Palaeeudyptes marplesi'' Brodkorb 1963] (Simpson's/Marples' penguin) ***†''Platydyptes novaezealandiae, P. novaezealandiae''(Oliver 1930) Marples 1952 (wide-flippered penguin) ***†''Platydyptes amiesi, P. amiesi'' Marples 1952 (Amies’ penguin) **†''Eretiscus, Eretiscus tonnii'' (Simpson 1981) Olson 1986 [''Microdytes'' Simpson 1981 non Balfour-Browne 1949; ''Microdytes tonnii'' Simpson 1981] (Patagonia Early Miocene) **†''Palaeospheniscus'' Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [''Neculus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Paraspheniscus'' Ameghino 1905 nec Hendel 1927; ''Perispheniscus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Pseudospheniscus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Chubutodyptes'' Simpson 1970] (Early? – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) ***†''Palaeospheniscus, P. huxleyorum'' Simpson 1973 ***†''Palaeospheniscus wimani, P. wimani'' (Ameghino 1905) [''Perispheniscus wimani'' Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus robustus'' (partim) Simpson 1946] ***†''Palaeospheniscus gracilis, P. gracilis'' Ameghino 1899 [?''Delphinornis gracilis''; ''Palaeospheniscus nereius'' Ameghino 1901; ''Neculus rothi'' Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus rothi'' Ameghino 1905; ''Paraspheniscus nereius'' (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus medianus'' Ameghino 1905] ***†''Palaeospheniscus patagonicus, P. patagonicus'' Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [''Palaeospheniscus menzbieri'' Moreno & Mercerat 1891; ''Palaeospheniscus interruptus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus intermedius'' Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus affinis'' Ameghino 1905] ***†''Palaeospheniscus bergi, P. bergi'' Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [''Paraspheniscus bergi'' (Moreno & Mercerat 1891) Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus planus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Palaeospheniscus interplanus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Pseudospheniscus interplanus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Pseudospheniscus planus'' Ameghino 1905 nom rej.; ''Pseudospheniscus concavus'' Ameghino 1905; ''Pseudospheniscus convexus'' Ameghino 1905 nom rej.] ***†''Palaeospheniscus, P. biloculata'' (Simpson 1970) Acosta Hospitaleche 2007 [''Chubutodyptes biloculata'' Simpson 1970] **†''Paraptenodytes'' Ameghino 1891 [''Isotremornis'' Ameghino 1905; ''Metancylornis'' Ameghino 1905; ''Treleudytes'' Ameghino 1905] (Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) ***†''Paraptenodytes brodkorbi, P. brodkorbi'' Simpson 1972 [''Isotremornis nordenskjöld''i Ameghino 1905 (partim)] ***†''Paraptenodytes robustus, P. robustus'' (Ameghino 1895) [''Palaeospheniscus robustus'' Ameghino 1895; ''Perispheniscus robustus'' (Ameghino 1895) Brodkorb 1963; ''Paraptenodytes curtus'' Ameghino 1901; ''Metancylornis curtus'' (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; ''Paraptenodytes grandis'' Ameghino 1901; ''Arthrodytes grandis'' (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; ''Paraptenodytes andrewsi'' Ameghino 1901; ''Arthrodytes andrewsi'' (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; ''Treleudytes crassus'' Ameghino 1905] ***†''Paraptenodytes antarcticus, P. antarcticus'' (Huxley 1859) Ameghino 1891 [''Palaeeudyptes antarcticus'' Huxley 1859 non Hector 1873; ''Palaeospheniscus antarcticus'' (Huxley 1859) Moreno & Mercerat 1891] (narrow-flippered penguin) **†''Anthropodyptes, Anthropodyptes gilli'' Simpson 1959 (Middle Miocene) **†''Madrynornis, Madrynornis mirandus'' Hospitaleche et al. 2007 (Late Miocene) **†''Pseudaptenodytes'' Simpson 1970 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) ***†''Pseudaptenodytes, P. minor'' Simpson 1970 ***†''Pseudaptenodytes, P. macraei'' Simpson 1970 **†''Dege (bird), Dege hendeyi'' Simpson 1979 (Early Pliocene) **†''Marplesornis, Marplesornis novaezealandiae'' (Marples 1960) Simpson 1972 [''Paleospheniscus novaezealandiae'' Marples 1960] (Harris penguins) (Early Pliocene) **†''Nucleornis, Nucleornis insolitus'' Simpson 1979 (Early Pliocene) **†''Inguza, Inguza predemersus'' (Simpson 1971) Simpson 1975 [''Spheniscus predemersus'' Simpson 1971] (Late Pliocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Spheniscidae gen. et sp. indet (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Hakataramea, New Zealand) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Pygoscelis'' (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent) ****†''Pygoscelis, P. calderensis'' Walsh & Suárez 2006 ****†''Pygoscelis tyreei, P. tyreei'' Simpson 1972 (Tyree's penguin) ****†''Pygoscelis, P. grandis'' Walsh & Suárez 2006 ***''Spheniscus'' (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent) ****†''Spheniscus, S. muizoni'' Göhlich 2007 ****†''Spheniscus, S. chilensis'' Emslie & Correa 2003 ****†''Spheniscus, S. megaramphus'' Stucchi, Urbina & Giraldo 2003 ****†''Spheniscus urbinai, S. urbinai'' Stucchi 2002 ***''Aptenodytes'' (Early? Pliocene – Recent) ****†''Aptenodytes ridgeni, A. ridgeni'' Simpson 1972 [''Arthrodytes ridgeni'' (Simpson 1972)] (Ridgen's Penguin) ***''Eudyptes'' ****†''Eudyptes, E. calauina'' Hoffmeister et al. 2014Pterocliformes
*Pteroclidae – sandgrouse **†''Gerandia, Gerandia calcaria'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [''Columba calcaria'' Milne-Edwards 1869] (Early Miocene) **†''Leptoganga, Leptoganga sepultus'' (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mourer-Chauviré 1993 [''Pterocles sepultus'' Milne-Edwards 1869] **†''Archaeoganga'' Mourer-Chauviré 1992 ***†''Archaeoganga validus, A. validus''(Milne-Edwards 1892) [''Pterocles validus'' Milne-Edwards 1892] ***†''Archaeoganga pinguis, A. pinguis'' Mourer-Chauviré 1992 ***†''Archaeoganga larvatus, A. larvatus'' (Milne-Edwards 1892) [''Pterocles larvatus'' Milne-Edwards 1892] **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Syrrhaptes'' ****†''Syrrhaptes, S. kashini'' Kuročkin 1985Columbiformes
*Columbidae – doves and pigeons **''Arenicolumba'' (Early Miocene) – doubtfully distinct from ''Patagioenas'' **''Rupephaps'' (Early Miocene) **Placement unresolved ***Columbidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Columba (genus), Columba'' (Early Pliocene – Recent) ***''Patagioenas'' (Early Pliocene – Recent)Psittaciformes
Unresolved and basal fossil parrots: *''Psittacopes'' (Early/middle Eocene) *''Serudaptus'' – pseudasturid or psittacid? *Pseudasturidae (=Opisthocomiformes
Hoatzins *Opisthocomidae [Foratidae ; Onychopterygidae ] **†''Foro (bird), Foro panarium'' (Early Eocene) - cuculiform? **†''Hoatzi, Hoatzi panarium'' **†''Onychopteryx, Onychopteryx simpsoni'' (Early Eocene of Argentina) – falconid? A ''Musophagiformes
*Musophagidae – turacos **''Placement unresolved'' ***Musophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene of WC Europe) ***Musophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (Egypt) **†''Veflintornis'' [''Apopempsis'' ] (Middle Miocene) ***†''Veflintornis meini, V. meini'' [''Musophaga meini'' ] ***†''Veflintornis africanus, V. africanus'' [''Musophaga africanus'' ; ''Apopempsis africanus'' ] (Early Miocene)Cuculiformes
Cuckoos, turacos and allies. *Placement unresolved **Cuculiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene) *Cuculidae – cuckoos **''Eocuculus'' (Late Eocene) **''Dynamopterus'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) **''Neococcyx'' (Early Oligocene) **''Cursoricoccyx'' (Early Miocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Cuculidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene)Accipitriformes
*†Teratornithidae – teratorns **†''Argentavis, Argentavis magnificens'' (Late Miocene) **†''Aiolornis, Aiolornis incredibilis'' [''Teratornis incredibilis'' ] (Early Pliocene – Late Pleistocene) **†''Oscaravis, Oscaravis olsoni'' [''Teratornis olsoni'' ] (Cuban teratorn)(Pleistocene) **†''Cathartornis, Cathartornis gracilis'' **†''Taubatornis, Taubatornis campbelli'' **†''Teratornis'' (Early Pleistocene – Late Pleistocene) ***†''Teratornis woodburnensis, T. woodburnensis'' ***†''Teratornis merriami, T. merriami'' (Merriam's teratorn) *Cathartidae – New World vultures **†''Brasilogyps, Brasilogyps faustoi'' (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene) **†''Kuntur, Kuntur cardenasi'' **†''Pleistovultur, Pleistovultur nevesi'' **†''Tapinopus, Tapinopus ellioti'' **†''Diatropornis, Diatropornis ellioti'' (European vulture) (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene –? middle Oligocene) **†''Phasmagyps, Phasmagyps patritus'' (Early Oligocene) **†''Hadrogyps, Hadrogyps aigialeus'' (American dwarf vulture) (Middle Miocene) **†''Pliogyps'' (Miocene vulture) (Late Miocene – Late Pliocene) ***†''Pliogyps, P. charon'' ***†''Pliogyps, P. fisheri'' **†''Perugyps, Perugyps diazi'' (Peruvian vulture) (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) **†''Dryornis'' (Argentinean vulture) (Early Miocene – Late Pliocene) – similar to the extant genus ''Vultur'' ***†''Dryornis, D. pampeanus'' ***†''Dryornis, D. hatcheri'' **†''Aizenogyps, Aizenogyps toomeyae'' (South American vulture) (Late Pliocene) **†''Breagyps, Breagyps clarki'' (long-legged vulture) (Late Pleistocene) **†''Geronogyps, Geronogyps reliquus'' (Late Pleistocene) **†''Wingegyps, Wingegyps cartellei'' (Amazonian vulture) (Late Pleistocene) **†''Parasarcoramphus, Parasarcoramphus milneedwardsi'' **''Placement unresolved'' ***Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene of Mongolia) ***Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, US) ***Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Pliocene of Argentina) ***Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Cuba) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Sarcoramphus'' (Middle Pliocene –? Recent) ****†''Sarcoramphus kernense, S. kernense (Kern vulture) ****†''Sarcoramphus, S. fischeri'' ***''Gymnogyps'' (Early Pleistocene – Recent) ****†''Gymnogyps, G. howardae ****†''Gymnogyps, G. kofordi ***''Vultur'' (Pliocene – Recent)– distinctiveness disputed ****†''Vultur fossilis, V. fossilis'' [''Cathartes fossilis''; ''Sarcoramphus fossilis''] *†Horusornithidae **†''Horusornis, Horusornis vianeyliaudae'' (Late Eocene) *Pandionidae – ospreys **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Pandion (bird), Pandion'' (Early Oligocene – Recent) ****†''Pandion lovensis, P. lovensis'' ****†''Pandion homalopteron, P. homalopteron'' *Sagittariidae – secretarybirds **†''Amanuensis, Amanuensis pickfordi'' **†''Pelargopappus'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of France) – formerly ''Amphiserpentarius/Amynoptilon/Pelargopsis'' ***†''Pelargopappus schlosseri, P. schlosseri'' ***†''Pelargopappus magnus, P. magnus'' *Accipitridae – hawks, eagles and Old World vultures **''Milvoides'' (Late Eocene) **''Aquilavus'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene) **''Palaeocircus'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) **''Palaeastur'' (Early Miocene) **''Pengana'' (Early Miocene) **''Promilio'' (Early Miocene) **''Proictinia'' (Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) **''Neophrontops'' (Early/middle Miocene – Late Pleistocene) – formerly in ''Neophron'' **''Mioaegypius'' (middle Miocene) **''Apatosagittarius'' (Late Miocene) **''Gansugyps'' (Late Miocene) **''Palaeoborus'' (Miocene) **''Qiluornis'' (Miocene) **''Thegornis'' (Miocene) **''Garganoaetus'' (Early Pliocene) **''Amplibuteo'' (Late Pliocene of Peru – Late Pleistocene) – Belongs to the extant genus ''Buteogallus'' **''Cryptogyps'' (Middle – Late Pleistocene) **''Neogyps'' (Late Pleistocene) **''Palaeohierax'' – includes ''"Aquila" gervaisii'' **''Placement unresolved'' ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. AMNH FR 7434 (Early Eocene) ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene) ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. MPEF-PV-2523 (Late Miocene) ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Pliocene) – ''Parabuteo''? ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene) – ''Buteo''? ***Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Egypt) ***''"Aquila" danana'' (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) – formerly also ''Geranoaetus'' or ''Buteo'' **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Haliaeetus'' (Early Oligocene – Recent) ***''Buteo'' (middle Oligocene – Recent) ***''Aquila (genus), Aquila'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) ***''Buteogallus'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) – might include ''Harpyhaliaetus'' ***''"Hieraaetus"'' (Middle Miocene – Recent) – doubtfully distinct from ''Aquila'' ***''Milvus'' (Early Pleistocene – Recent) ***''Gyps'' (Middle Pleistocene – Recent) ***''Aegypius'' (Middle Pleistocene – Recent) **''Additional prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Spizaetus grinnelli'' (Rancho La Brea Late Pleistocene of California, US) – formerly ''Geranoaetus'' or ''Buteo'' ***''Spizaetus pliogryps'' – formerly ''Aquila'' ***''Bearded vulture, Gypaetus georgii'' (Late Miocene) ***''Egyptian vulture, Neophron lolis'' (Late Miocene)Falconiformes
*†Masillaraptoridae **†''Masillaraptor, Masillaraptor parvunguis'' (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) **†''Danielsraptor, Danielsraptor phorusrhacoides'' (early Eocene of Essex, England) *Falconidae – falcons **†''Lagopterus, Lagopterus minutus'' **†''Parvulivenator, Parvulivenator watteli'' (Early Eocene) **†''Stintonornis, Stintonornis mitchelli'' (Early Eocene) **†''Badiostes, Badiostes patagonicus'' (Early Miocene) **†''Pediohierax, Pediohierax ramenta'' [''Falco ramenta'' ] - (Middle Miocene) **†''Thegornis, Thegornis musculosus'' [''Thegornis debilis'' ; ''Buteo musculosus'' ] ***†''Petrosushkinia, Petrosushkinia pliocaena'' [''Sushkinia'' ; ''Sushkinia pliocaena'' ] (Early Pliocene) ***†Falconidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Milvago'' (Late Pleistocene -–Recent) ****†''Milvago, M. alexandri'' ****†''Milvago, M. brodkorbi'' ***''Falcon, Falco'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ****†''Milvago antiquus, F. antiquus'' ****†''Milvago bakalovi, F. bakalovi'' ****†''Milvago bulgaricus, F. bulgaricus'' ****†''Milvago chowi, F. chowi'' ****†''Milvago hezhengensis, F. hezhengensis'' ****†''Milvago medius, F. medius'' ****†''Milvago oregonus, F. oregonus'' ****†''Milvago pisanus, F. pisanus'' ****†''Milvago umanskajae, F. umanskajae''Steatornithiformes
*''Paraprefica'' (Early Eocene?) **†''Paraprefica, P. kelleri'' **†''Paraprefica, P. major'' *Steatornithidae – oilbirds **†''Prefica, Prefica nivea'' **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Steatornis'' sp. *Nyctibiidae – potoos **†''Euronyctibius, Euronyctibius kurochkini''Podargiformes
*†Fluvioviridavidae **†''Fluvioviridavis, Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus'' (Green River Early Eocene of N America) *Podargidae – frogmouths **†''Masillapodargus, Masillapodargus longipes'' **†''Quercypodargus, Quercypodargus olsoni''Caprimulgiformes
*Caprimulgidae – nightjars **†''Ventivorus, Ventivorus ragei'' **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Caprimulgus'' ****†''Caprimulgus, C. piurensis''Aegotheliformes
Owlet-nightjars *Aegothelidae **†''Quipollornis, Quipollornis koniberi'' (Early/Middle Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Aegotheles'' (Early/Middle Miocene – Recent) ****†''Aegotheles savesi, A. savesi'' (New Caledonian owlet-nightjar) ****†''Aegotheles, A. zealandivetus''Apodiformes
Swifts and hummingbirds. *†''Wyomingcypselus, Wyomingcypselus pohli'' *†''Procypseloides, Procypseloides mourerchauvireae'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene) *†''Laputavis, Laputavis robusta'' [''Laputa'' ; ''Laputa robusta'' ] *†''Palescyvus, Palescyvus escampensis'' *†''Scaniacypselus'' (Early – middle Eocene) **†''Scaniacypselus wardi, S. wardi'' **†''Scaniacypselus szarskii, S. szarskii'' [''Aegialornis szarskii'' ; ''Primapus szarskii'' ] *†Aegialornithidae **†''Primapus, Primapus lacki'' [?''Procuculus minutus'' ] (Early Eocene) ?apodid **†''Aegialornis'' [''Tachyornis'' ; ''Belornis'' ; ''Mesogiornis'' ](Early? – Late Eocene) ***†''Aegialornis, A. leenhardti'' ***†''Aegialornis, A. germanicus'' ***†''Aegialornis, A. gallicus'' [''Tachyornis hirundo'' ] ***†''Aegialornis, A. wetmorei'' [''Mesogiornis wetmorei'' ] ***†''Aegialornis, A. broweri'' [''Mesogiornis broweri'' ] *†Eocypselidae – apodiform (hemiprocnid?)? caprimulgiform? basal Cypselomorphae? **†''Eocypselus'' (Late Paleocene ?- Early Eocene of NC Europe) ***†''Eocypselus vincenti, E. vincenti'' ***†''Eocypselus rowei, E. rowei'' *†Cypselavidae **†''Parargornis, Parargornis messelensis'' (middle Eocene) jungornithid, trochilid, basal as ''Argornis''? **†''Argornis, Argornis caucasicus'' (Late Eocene) ?Trochilidae **†''Cypselavus, Cypselavus gallicus'' (Late Eocene Early Oligocene) aegialornithid or hemiprocnid *†Jungornithidae **†''Jungornis'' (Early Oligocene of N Caucasus, Russia) ***†''Jungornis tesselatus, J. tesselatus'' ***†''Jungornis geraldmayri, J. geraldmayri'' *Trochilidae hummingbirds **†''Eurotrochilus'' (Early Oligocene) ***†''Eurotrochilus inexpectatus, E. inexpectatus'' ***†''Eurotrochilus, E. noniewiczi'' **''Placement unresolved'' ***Trochilidae sp. et gen. indet. (Bahamas, West Indies) ***Trochilidae sp. et gen. indet. (Brazil) *Apodidae – swifts **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Collocalia'' (Early Miocene – Recent) ***''Apus (genus), Apus'' (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Chaetura'' (Late Miocene – Recent) ***''Tachornis'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent)Coliiformes
Mousebirds and relatives *Unresolved and basal forms ** †'' Botauroides parvus'' (Eocene of Wyoming, US) ** †''Eobucco, Eobucco brodkorbi'' - sandcoleid? ** †''Eocolius, Eocolius walkeri'' (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England) - sandcoleid or coliid **†''Limnatornis'' (Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France) - coliid? (''Urocolius''?) ** †Coliiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Kohfidisch, Austria)Similar to ''Urocolius'' and ''Limnatornis'' (if distinct): Mlíkovský (2002) **†''Uintornis'' - sandcoleid? * Family †Chascacocoliidae ** Genus †''Chascacocolius'' (Late Paleocene ?- Early Eocene) - basal? sandcoleid? * Family †Selmeidae **†''Selmes, Selmes absurdipes'' (Middle Eocene ?-Late Oligocene of C Europe) - coliid? (synonym of ''Primocolius''?) * Family †Sandcoleidae **†''Sandcoleus, Sandcoleus copiosus'' (Paleocene) **†''Anneavis, Anneavis anneae'' **†''Eoglaucidium, Eoglaucidium pallas'' * Family Coliidae **†''Primocolius'' (Late Eocene/Oligocene of Quercy, France) **†''Oligocolius'' (Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany) **†''Masillacolius, Masillacolius brevidactylus'' (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' *** ''Colius'' [''Necrornis'' ]†Zealandornithidae
* †''Zealandornis, Zealandornis relictus'' (Early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)Strigiformes
Owls and barn owls *Unresolved and basal forms **''Berruornis'' (Late Paleocene) – basal? Sophornithidae? **Strigiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Paleocene) **''Palaeoglaux'' (middle – Late Eocene) – own family Palaeoglaucidae or Strigidae? **''Palaeobyas'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) – Tytonidae? Sophiornithidae? **''Palaeotyto'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) – Tytonidae? **Strigiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early Oligocene) *Ogygoptyngidae **''Ogygoptynx'' (Middle/Late Paleocene) *Protostrigidae **''Eostrix'' (Early – middle Eocene) **''Minerva (bird), Minerva'' (middle – Late Eocene) – formerly ''Protostrix'', includes ''"Aquila" ferox'', ''"Aquila" lydekkeri'', and ''"Bubo" leptosteus'' ** ''Oligostrix'' (middle Oligocene) *Sophiornithidae **''Sophiornis'' *Strigidae – typical owls **''Mioglaux'' (Late Oligocene? – Early Miocene) – includes ''"Bubo" poirreiri'' **''Intulula'' (Early/Middle –? Late Miocene) – includes ''"Strix/Ninox" brevis'' **''Alasio'' (Middle Miocene) – includes ''"Strix" collongensis'' **''Oraristrix'' (Late Pleistocene) **''Miosurnia'' (Late Miocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***''Otus wintershofensis, "Otus" wintershofensis'' (Early/Middle Miocene) – may be close to extant genus ''Ninox'' ***''Strix edwardsi, "Strix" edwardsi'' (Middle/Late? Miocene) ***''Asio pygmaeus, "Asio" pygmaeus'' (Early Pliocene) ***Strigidae ''gen. et sp. indet.'' UMMP V31030 (Late Pliocene) – ''Strix/Bubo''? **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Strix (bird), Strix'' (Early Miocene – Recent) ***''Bubo (bird), Bubo'' (Late Miocene? – Recent) ***''Asio'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Athene (bird), Athene'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Glaucidium (bird), Glaucidium'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Surnia'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) ***''Pulsatrix'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent) *Tytonidae – barn owls **''Nocturnavis'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) **''Selenornis'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) **''Necrobyas'' (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene) **''Prosybris'' (Early Oligocene? – Early Miocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Tytonidae ''gen. et sp. indet.'' TMT 164 (Middle Miocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Tyto'' (Late Miocene – Recent)Coraciiformes
Rollers and allies. Probably paraphyletic. *Basal and unresolved forms **†''Quasisyndactylus, Quasisyndactylus longibrachis'' (middle Eocene) – alcediniform, basal? **†''Paracoracias, Paracoracias occidentalis'' **†''Cryptornis, Cryptornis antiquus'' (Late Eocene) – bucerotid? geranopterid? **†''Protornis, Protornis glarniensis'' (Oligocene) – basal to motmotids and meropids? **† Coraciiformes gen. et spp. indet. PQ 1216, QU 15640 (Late Eocene) – 2 species *†Geranopteridae **†''Geranopterus'' (Late Eocene – Early Miocene) ***†''Geranopterus, G. alatus'' ***†''Geranopterus, G. bohemicus'' [''Nupharanassa bohemica'' ] ***†''Geranopterus, G. milneendwardsi'' *†Eocoraciidae **†''Eocoracias, Eocoracias brachyptera'' (middle Eocene) *†Primobucconidae **†''Primobucco'' [''Neanis'' ] (Early – middle Eocene) ***†''Primobucco, P. kestneri'' [''Neanis kestneri'' ] ***†''Primobucco, P. frugilegus'' ***†''Primobucco, P. mcgrewi'' ***†''Primobucco, P. perneri'' *Todidae – todies **†''Palaeotodus'' Olson 1976 (Late Eocene of France – Early Oligocene of WC Europe and Wyoming) ***†''Palaeotodus emryi, P. emryi'' ***†''Palaeotodus escampsiensis, P. escampsiensis'' ***†''Palaeotodus itardiensis, P. itardiensis'' *Motmotidae – motmots **Placement unresolved ***Momotidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) *Coraciidae **†''Miocoracias, Miocoracias chenevali'' **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Eurystomus'' ****†''Eurystomus, E. beremedensis''Bucerotiformes
*†Messelirrisoridae **†''Messelirrisor'' Mayr 1998 (middle Eocene) ***†''Messelirrisor, M. halcyorostris'' ***†''Messelirrisor, M. parvus'' ***†''Messelirrisor, M. grandis'' *Phoeniculidae (woodhoopoes) **†''Phirriculus, Phirriculus pinicola'' *Bucerotidae – hornbills **†''Euroceros, Euroceros bulgaricus'' (Late Miocene of Hadzhidimovo, Bulgaria) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Bucorvus'' ****†''Bucorvus brailloni, B. brailloni''Trogoniformes
*Trogonidae – trogons **†''Foshanornis, Foshanornis songi'' **†''Septentrogon, Septentrogon madseni'' Kristoffersen 2002 (Fur Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Ejerslev, Denmark) **†''Paratrogon, Paratrogon gallicus'' [''Trogon gallicus'' ] (Early Miocene of France) **†''Primotrogon'' [''Masillatrogon'' ] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany? - Early Oligocene of France) ***†''Primotrogon wintersteini, P. wintersteini'' ***†''Primotrogon pumilio, P. pumilio'' [''Masillatrogon pumilio'' ] **''Placement unresolved'' ***Trogonidae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (NW Europe) ***Trogonidae gen. et sp. indet. 2 (NW Europe)Piciformes
*Placement unresolved **Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. IRScNB Av 65 (Early Oligocene) **''Rupelramphastoides'' (Early Oligocene) – ramphastid? **Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. SMF Av 429 (Late Oligocene) **''Capitonides'' (Early – Middle Miocene) – ramphastid? "capitonid" (Lybiidae, Megalaimidae)? own family Capitonididae? **Pici gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – "capitonid" (Lybiidae, Megalaimidae?) *Miopiconidae **''Miopico'' *Lybiidae – African barbets **Lybiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) – extant genus ''Pogoniulus''? *Galbulidae **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Galbula hylochoreutes'' (Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia) *Picavidae **''Picavus'' *Picidae – woodpeckers **''Palaeopicus'' (Late Oligocene) **''Palaeonerpes'' (Early Pliocene) **''Pliopicus'' (Early Pliocene) **''Placement unresolved'' ***Picidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) ***Picidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) ***cf. ''Colaptes'' DMNH 1262 (Early Pliocene of Ainsworth, US) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Campephilus'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent) ***''Colaptes'' ***''Dendrocopos'' ***''Additional prehistoric subspecies of extant species'' ****''West Indian woodpecker, Melanerpes superciliaris'' ssp. (Little Exuma, Bahamas) ****''West Indian woodpecker, Melanerpes superciliaris'' ssp. (New Providence, Bahamas)Passeriformes
*Placement unresolved **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early Eocene) – several species, oscine? **''Resoviaornis'' (Early Oligocene) **''Wieslochia'' (Early Oligocene) **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Late Oligocene) – several suboscine and oscine species **''Certhiops'' (Early Miocene of Germany) – basal Certhioidea **Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – suboscine? **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species, oscine? **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – several species, basal? **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – several species, oscine? **Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Late Miocene) – Sylvioidea **''"Palaeostruthus" eurius'' (Pliocene) *Eurylaimidae – broadbills **''Placement unresolved'' ***Eurylaimidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Miocene) *Palaeoscinidae **''Palaeoscinis'' (Late Miocene) *Furnariidae – ovenbirds **†''Pseudoseisuropsis'' ***†''Pseudoseisuropsis, P. nehuen'' (Early Pleistocene of Argentina) ***†''Pseudoseisuropsis, P. cuelloi'' (Late Pleistocene of Uruguay) ***†''Pseudoseisuropsis, P. wintu'' (Early Pleistocene of Argentina) **''Prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Pseudoseisura cursor'' (Ensenada Early/Middle Pleistocene of Anchorena, Argentina) ***''Cinclodes major'' (Middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) *Menuridae – lyretails **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Menura'' (Early Miocene – Recent) *Meliphagidae – honeyeaters **''Placement unresolved'' ***Meliphagidae gen. et spp. indet. (Middle/Late Miocene – Pliocene of Riversleigh, Australia) – at least 7 spp., some may be from extant genera *Orthonychidae – logrunners **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Orthonyx'' (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent) *Oriolidae – Old World orioles **''Longmornis'' (Early Miocene of Riversleigh, Australia) *Artamidae – woodswallows, butcherbirds, currawongs and Australian magpie **''Placement unresolved'' ***Artamidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – cracticine *Corvidae – crows, ravens, jays and magpies **''Miocorvus'' (Middle Miocene) **''Miopica'' (Middle Miocene) **''Miocitta'' (Late Miocene) **''Protocitta'' (Early Pleistocene) **''Henocitta'' (Middle Pleistocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Corvus (genus), Corvus'' (Late Miocene — Recent) ***''Pica (genus), Pica'' (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene – Recent) ***''Pyrrhocorax'' **''Placement unresolved'' ***Corvidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene) ***Corvidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Pleistocene) – probably belongs in extant genus *Laniidae – shrikes **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Lanius'' (Early Miocene – Recent) *Regulidae – kinglets **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Regulus (bird), Regulus'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) *Hirundinidae – swallows and martins **''Placement unresolved'' ***Hirundinidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early Pliocene of Langebaanweg, South Africa) – 2 species *Megaluridae – grass-warblers and allies **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***?''Locustella'' (Late Miocene – Recent) *Acrocephalidae – marsh- and tree-warblers **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***?''Acrocephalus (bird), Acrocephalus'' (Late Miocene – Recent) *Muscicapidae – Old World flycatchers and chats **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Luscinia'' (Late Miocene – Recent) *Turdidae – thrushes **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***?''Turdus'' (Middle? Miocene – Recent) *Alaudidae – larks **''Eremarida'' (Late Miocene of Hrabarsko, Bulgaria) *Motacillidae – wagtails **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Motacilla'' *Fringillidae – finches **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Loxia'' (Late Pliocene – Recent) **''Additional prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Coccothraustes simeonovi'' (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria) ***''Coccothraustes balcanicus'' *Icteridae – grackles and New World orioles **''Pandanaris'' (Pleistocene) **''Pyelorhamphus'' (Pleistocene) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Euphagus'' (Late Pleistocene – Recent) *Cardinalidae – cardinals **''Placement unresolved'' ***''Passerina'' sp. (Early Pliocene of Yepómera, Mexico) *Emberizidae – buntings and New World sparrows **''Pampaemberiza'' (Middle Pleistocene of Necochea, Argentina) **''Extant genera present in the fossil record'' ***''Ammodramus'' (Late Miocene – Recent) – including ''Palaeostruthus'' **''Additional prehistoric species of extant genera'' ***''Pipilo angelensis'' (Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, US)Avialans ''incertae sedis''
These fossil taxa cannot be assigned to any major group with reasonable certainty. The "proto-birds" above are of some indeterminate basal position in the entire avialan (and paravian) radiation, but known from such diagnostic material that their relationships at the family (biology), family level are known. In contrast, the taxa here have a hypodigm that is usually just sufficient for giving them a valid scientific name, but not for phylogenetic purposes beyond classing them as pygostylians or more modern birds. Some, however, are known from such fragmentary remains that the possibility that they are non-avian "reptiles" such asSee also
*Bird ichnology *Dominant group (extinction) *Feathered dinosaurs *List of recently extinct birds *Late Quaternary prehistoric birds *List of paleognaths *List of Galliformes *List of Columbidae species *Flightless birds *Origin of birds *Prehistoric lifeFootnotes
References
* Chiappe, Luis M. (2001): The rise of birds. ''In'': Derek Briggs, Briggs, Derek E.G. & Crowther, P.R. (eds.): ''Palaeobiology II: A Synthesis'': 102-106. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. * Chiappe, Luis M. (2002): Basal bird phylogeny: problems and solutions. ''In:'' Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M. (eds.): ''Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs'': 448-472. University of California Press, Berkeley, US. *External links