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Bohaiornithidae
Bohaiornithidae is a group of early predatory enantiornitheans from the early Cretaceous Period of China. All known specimens come from the Jiufotang Formation and Yixian Formation, dating to the early Aptian age, 125–120 million years ago. Bohaiornithidae was first coined as a family of enantiornithean birds by Wang and colleagues in 2014. They defined it as the natural group formed by all descendants of the common ancestor of the type species, '' Bohaiornis guoi'', and '' Shenqiornis mengi''.Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., O’Connor, J.K., and Zelenkov, N.V. (2014A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', 52(1): 31-76. Description Similar to most enantiornitheans, bohaiornithids possessed teeth rather than a beak as in modern birds, although they could be distinguished from other enantiornitheans due to the structure of their teeth. Their teeth were large, robust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enantiornithes
The Enantiornithes, also known as enantiornithines or enantiornitheans in literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era. Almost all retained teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds externally. Over eighty species of Enantiornithes have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so it is likely that not all are valid. The Enantiornithes became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with Hesperornithes and all other non-avian dinosaurs. Discovery and naming The first Enantiornithes to be discovered were incorrectly referred to modern bird groups. For example, the first known species of Enantiornithes, ''Gobipteryx minuta'', was originally considered a paleognath related to ostriches and tinamou. The Enantiornithes were first recognized as a distinct lineage, or "subclass" of birds, by Cyril A. Walker in 1981. Walker mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabohaiornis
''Parabohaiornis'' is an extinct genus of bohaiornithid enantiornithean dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeastern China. It contains a single species, ''Parabohaiornis martini''. Discovery ''Parabohaiornis'' was first described and named by Min Wang, Zhong-He Zhou, Jingmai K. O'Connor and Nikita V. Zelenkov in 2014 and the type species is ''Parabohaiornis martini''. The generic name combines the Latin prefix ''para'', meaning "close to", with the generic name of '' Bohaiornis'', the type genus of the Bohaiornithidae family, in reference to the morphological similarity between ''Parabohaiornis'' and other bohaiornithids. The specific name, ''martini'', honors the late paleontologist Prof. Larry Dean Martin, for his contributions to the study of the evolution of birds. ''Parabohaiornis'' is known from the holotype IVPP V 18691, a nearly complete and partially articulated skeleton and skull, and from the referred specimen IVPP V 18690, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longusunguis
''Longusunguis'' is an extinct genus of bohaiornithid enantiornithean dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeastern China. It contains a single species, ''Longusunguis kurochkini''. Discovery ''Longusunguis'' was first described and named by Min Wang, Zhong-He Zhou, Jingmai K. O'Connor and Nikita V. Zelenkov in 2014 and the type species is ''Longusunguis kurochkini''. The generic name is derived from the Latin words ''longus'', meaning "long", and ''unguis'', meaning "claw", in reference to the distinctly elongated pedal unguals that this taxon shares with other bohaiornithids. The specific name, ''kurochkini'', honors the late Prof. Evgeny Kurochkin, a prominent paleontologist, for his contributions to the study of fossil birds. ''Longusunguis'' is known solely from the holotype IVPP V 17964, a complete and articulated skeleton and skull. It is preserved in a single slab and currently housed at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohaiornis Guoi
''Bohaiornis'' is a genus of enantiornithean birds. Fossils have been found from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. The only known species, ''Bohaiornis guoi'', was named by Dongyu Hu, Li Li, Lianhaim Hou and Xing Xu in 2011 on the basis of a fully articulated and well-preserved skeleton of a sub-adult. This specimen, LPM ( Liaoning Paleontological Museum) B00167, preserved two long, ribbon-like feathers attached to the tail rather than a fan of shorter pennaceous feathers. It was similar to the slightly older '' Eoenantiornis'', but much larger in size. ''Bohaiornis'' is the type species of Bohaiornithidae, a family of large predatory enantiornitheans from the Early Cretaceous.Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., O’Connor, J.K., and Zelenkov, N.V. (2014A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', 52(1): 31-76. In 2014, a second, even l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohaiornis Skull Reconstruction
''Bohaiornis'' is a genus of enantiornithean birds. Fossils have been found from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. The only known species, ''Bohaiornis guoi'', was named by Dongyu Hu, Li Li, Lianhaim Hou and Xing Xu in 2011 on the basis of a fully articulated and well-preserved skeleton of a sub-adult. This specimen, LPM ( Liaoning Paleontological Museum) B00167, preserved two long, ribbon-like feathers attached to the tail rather than a fan of shorter pennaceous feathers. It was similar to the slightly older '' Eoenantiornis'', but much larger in size. ''Bohaiornis'' is the type species of Bohaiornithidae, a family of large predatory enantiornitheans from the Early Cretaceous.Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., O’Connor, J.K., and Zelenkov, N.V. (2014A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', 52(1): 31-76. In 2014, a second, even l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beiguornis
''Beiguornis'' is a genus of bohaiornithid bird from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. The genus contains a single species, ''Beiguornis khinganensis''. ''Beiguornis'' is the first and only enantiornithine bird known from the Longjiang Formation. In the phylogenetic analysis conducted by the describing authors, ''Beiguornis'' formed a monophyletic group with the bohaiornithids ''Sulcavis'' and ''Zhouornis ''Zhouornis'' is an extinct genus of enantiornithine bird known from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group (Aptian stage) of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. ''Zhouornis'' was first named by Zihui Zhang, Luis M. Chiappe, Gang Han and A ....'' References {{Taxonbar, from= Q110644827 Birds described in 2022 Fossil taxa described in 2022 Extinct birds of Asia Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Prehistoric bird genera Enantiornitheans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohaiornis
''Bohaiornis'' is a genus of enantiornithean birds. Fossils have been found from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. The only known species, ''Bohaiornis guoi'', was named by Dongyu Hu, Li Li, Lianhaim Hou and Xing Xu in 2011 on the basis of a fully articulated and well-preserved skeleton of a sub-adult. This specimen, LPM ( Liaoning Paleontological Museum) B00167, preserved two long, ribbon-like feathers attached to the tail rather than a fan of shorter pennaceous feathers. It was similar to the slightly older '' Eoenantiornis'', but much larger in size. ''Bohaiornis'' is the type species of Bohaiornithidae, a family of large predatory enantiornitheans from the Early Cretaceous.Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., O’Connor, J.K., and Zelenkov, N.V. (2014A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', 52(1): 31-76. In 2014, a second, even l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scapula
The scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin , which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone. The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. Structure The scapula is a thick, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sternum
The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word "sternum" originates from the Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon), meaning "chest". Structure The sternum is a narrow, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of the chest. The top of the sternum supports the clavicles (collarbones) and its edges join with the costal cartilages of the first two pairs of ribs. The inner surface of the sternum is also the attachment of the sternopericardial ligaments. Its top is also connected to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The sternum consists of three main parts, listed from the top: * Manubrium * Body (gladiolus) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furcula
The (Latin for "little fork") or wishbone is a forked bone found in most birds and some species of non-avian dinosaurs, and is formed by the fusion of the two pink clavicles. In birds, its primary function is in the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight. In birds The furcula works as a strut between a bird's shoulders, and articulates to each of the bird's scapulae. In conjunction with the coracoid and the scapula, it forms a unique structure called the triosseal canal, which houses a strong tendon that connects the supracoracoideus muscles to the humerus. This system is responsible for lifting the wings during the recovery stroke. As the thorax is compressed by the flight muscles during downstroke, the upper ends of the furcula spread apart, expanding by as much as 50% of its resting width, and then contracts. X-ray films of starlings in flight have shown that in addition to strengthening the thorax, the furcula acts like a spring in the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian-Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard the defining early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km2. In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the Kerguelen P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pygostyle
Pygostyle describes a skeletal condition in which the final few caudal vertebrae are fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these. The pygostyle is the main component of the uropygium, a structure colloquially known as the bishop's nose, parson's nose, pope's nose, or sultan's nose. This is the fleshy protuberance visible at the posterior end of a bird (most commonly a chicken or turkey) that has been dressed for cooking. It has a swollen appearance because it also contains the uropygial gland that produces preen oil. Evolution Pygostyles probably began to evolve very early in the Cretaceous period, perhaps 140 – 130 million years ago. The earliest known species to have evolved a pygostyle were members of the Confuciusornithidae. The structure provided an evolutionary advantage, as a completely mobile tail as found in species such as '' Archaeopteryx'' is detrimental to its use for flight contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
