Leaders Of The Russian Civil War
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The leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below include the important political and military figures of the
Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
. The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922 (though with some conflicts in the
Far East The ''Far East'' was a European term to refer to the geographical regions that includes East and Southeast Asia as well as the Russian Far East to a lesser extent. South Asia is sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons. The ter ...
lasting until late 1923 and in
Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
until 1934), was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the
Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
(The "Reds") and the White Movement (The "Whites"). While the Bolsheviks were centralized under the administration of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), led by
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
, along with their various satellite and buffer states, the White Movement was more decentralized, functioning as a loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces united only in opposition to their common enemy - though from September 1918 to April 1920, the White Armies were nominally united under the administration of the Russian State, when, for nearly two years, Admiral
Alexander Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (russian: link=no, Александр Васильевич Колчак; – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought ...
served as the overall head of the White Movement and as the internationally recognized
Head of State A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
of Russia. In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the
Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine ( uk, Революційна Повстанська Армія України), also known as the Black Army or as Makhnovtsi ( uk, Махновці), named after their leader Nestor Makhno, was a ...
, and the non-ideological
Green Armies The Green armies (russian: Зеленоармейцы), also known as the Green Army (Зелёная Армия) or Greens (Зелёные), were armed peasant groups which fought against all governments in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 ...
. Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third-party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of
Anton Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
in South Russia, while the members of the
Socialist-Revolutionary Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (the SRs, , or Esers, russian: эсеры, translit=esery, label=none; russian: Партия социалистов-революционеров, ), was a major politi ...
frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I (in the
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War or Allied Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions which began in 1918. The Allies first had the goal of helping the Czechoslovak Leg ...
), and their
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
(in ''
Ober Ost , short for ( "Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East"), was both a high-ranking position in the armed forces of the German Empire as well as the name given to the occupied territories on the German section of the Eastern Front of ...
'') and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White armies on occasion.


Bolsheviks


Russian SFSR

Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets The All-Russian Central Executive Committee ( rus, Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет, Vserossiysky Centralny Ispolnitelny Komitet, VTsIK) was the highest legislative, administrative and r ...

Lev Kamenev Lev Borisovich Kamenev. (''né'' Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. Born in Moscow to parents who were both involved in revolutionary politics, Kamenev attended Imperial Moscow Uni ...

Yakov Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (russian: Яков Михайлович Свердлов; 3 June Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O._S._22_May.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S ...
#
Mikhail Vladimirsky Mikhail Fyodorovich Vladimirsky (russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Влади́мирский; – 2 April 1951) was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary who was for a short period of time, the Chairman of the All-Russian C ...

Mikhail Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (russian: link=no, Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин ; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as head of s ...
Council of People's Commissars The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of ...

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
All-Russian Extraordinary Commission
Felix Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Poland, Polish n ...

Yakov Peters Yakov (alternative spellings: Jakov or Iakov, cyrl, Яков) is a Russian or Hebrew variant of the given names Jacob and James. People also give the nickname Yasha ( cyrl, Яша) or Yashka ( cyrl, Яшка) used for Yakov. Notable people People ...
Red Army
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...

(
People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs The Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union refers to the head of the Ministry of Defence who was responsible for defence of the socialist Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1922 and the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1992. Pe ...
)
High Command:
Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko Vladimir Alexandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko (russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Анто́нов-Овсе́енко; ua, Володимир Антонов-Овсєєнко; 9 March 1883 – 10 February 1938), real surna ...

Nikolai Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich Podvoisky (russian: Николай Ильич Подвойский; February 16 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S_February_4.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>O.S_February_4">Old_Style_and_New_S ...

Pavel Dybenko Pavel Efimovich Dybenko (russian: Павел Ефимович Дыбенко), (February 16, 1889 – July 29, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a leading Soviet officer and military commander. Prior to military service Pavel Dybenko was b ...

Nikolai Krylenko Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko ( rus, Никола́й Васи́льевич Крыле́нко, p=krɨˈlʲenkə; May 2, 1885 – July 29, 1938) was an Old Bolshevik and Soviet politician. Krylenko served in a variety of posts in the Sovie ...

Jukums Vācietis Jukums Vācietis (russian: Иоаким Иоакимович Вацетис, link=no, ''Ioakim Ioakimovich Vatsetis''; 11 November 1873 – 28 July 1938) was a Latvian Soviet military commander. He was a rare example of a notable Soviet leader w ...

Sergey Kamenev Sergey Sergeyevich Kamenev (russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Ка́менев; April 16 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._April_4.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>O.S._April_4">Old_Style_and_New ...

Alexander Svechin Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich
Nikolay Rattel Nikolai Iosifovich Rattel (russian: Никола́й Ио́сифович Ра́ттэль; December 3, 1875 – March 3, 1939) was a Russian general, Soviet military leader, a participant in the Russian-Japanese war, First World War and Russian C ...

Navy:
Vasili Altfater #
Yevgeny Berens Yevgeny Andreyevich Berens (, occasionally transliterated as Behrens; – 7 April 1928) was a Russian military leader, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from April 1919 to February 1920. Born in Tiflis in 1876, Berens graduate ...

Aleksandr Nemits Aleksandr Vasilivich Nemits, (Russian: Нёмитц, Александр Васильевич; 26 July 1879 – 1 October 1967) was a naval officer of Russian Empire, Ukrainian State and Soviet Union. He was commander of the Soviet Navy between Fe ...

Eduard Pantserzhanskiy Eduard Samuilovich Pantserzhanskiy (; – 26 September 1937) was a Russian military leader, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from December 1921 to December 1924. Biography Pantserzhanskiy was born in Liepāja, Latvia the son of ...

Fyodor Raskolnikov Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskolnikov (russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Раскольников; (28 January 1892, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 12 September 1939, Nice, France),Zalessky K.A. ''Stalin Imperia'' Moscow, ''Veche'', 2002 citing by re ...

Alexey Schastny Alexey Mikhailovich Schastny () (1881–1918) was a Russian and Soviet naval commander. He commanded the Baltic Fleet during the Ice Cruise. He was executed on the order of Trotsky in June 1918. Life Schastny was born into a military family in ...

Air Service:
Konstantin Akashev , birth_date = 22 October 1888 , death_date = , image = Konstantin Akashev.jpg , image_size = 200px , caption = Portrait of Akashev Published in the journal "Bulletin of the Air Fleet", 1920 , birth_place = Lyutsins ...

1st Cavalry Army:
Semyon Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonnyy ( rus, Семён Миха́йлович Будённый, Semyon Mikháylovich Budyonnyy, p=sʲɪˈmʲɵn mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdʲɵnːɨj, a=ru-Simeon Budyonniy.ogg; – 26 October 1973) was a Russian ca ...

Alexander Yegorov
Kliment Voroshilov Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (, uk, Климент Охрімович Ворошилов, ''Klyment Okhrimovyč Vorošylov''), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (russian: link=no, Клим Вороши́лов, ''Klim Vorošilov''; 4 Februa ...

Iosif Apanasenko Iosif Rodionovich Apanasenko (April 15, 1890 – August 5, 1943) was a Soviet division commander. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent Civil War. He received the Cross of St. ...

Grigory Kulik Grigory Ivanovich Kulik ( ua, Григорій Іванович Кулик; russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кули́к, Grigóriy Ivánovich Kulík; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950), a Soviet military commander and Marshal ...

Alexander Parkhomenko
Boris Dumenko
Konstantin Trunov
Aleksa Dundić Aleksa Dundić or Oleko Dundich (russian: Олеко Дундич, sr, Алекса Дундић, originally Serbian ''Томо Дундић / Tomo Dundić'') (April 13, 1896 – July 8, 1920) was a Croatian''Мілорад Драгович.' ...

Semyon Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (russian: link=no, Семён Константи́нович Тимоше́нко, ''Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko''; uk, Семе́н Костянти́нович Тимоше́нко, ''Semen Kostiantyno ...

Ivan Tyulenev Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev (; 28 January 189215 August 1978) was a Soviet military commander, one of the first to be promoted to the rank of General of the Army in 1940. Biography Tyulenvev was born into a soldier's family in the Simbirsk Go ...

Jefim Szczadienko
2nd Cavalry Army:
Oka Gorodovikov Oka Ivanovich Gorodovikov (; , in Mokraya Elmuta village, current Rostov Oblast – 26 February 1960, in Moscow) was a Kalmyk people, Kalmyk Red Army cavalry general. Biography During July and August 1920, he commanded the 2nd Cavalry Army. He s ...

Filipp Mironov Filipp Kuzmich Mironov (1872–1921) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader during and after the Russian Revolution. He actively supported the idea of democracy in the form of the Soviet Republic, was one of the first commanders in the Red Army. ...

Aleksandr Borczaninow
Western Army:
Andrei Snesarev Andrei Evgenyevich Snesarev (13 December 1865, Staraya Kalitva, – 4 December 1937, Moscow) was a Russian linguist, orientalist and military leader. Andrei was the son of a Russian Orthodox priest. After attending gymnasium school at Novocherk ...

Alexander Novikov Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov (russian: link=no, Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Но́виков; – 3 December 1976) was the chief marshal of aviation for the Soviet Air Force during the Soviet Union's involvement in th ...

Vasily Glagolev Vasily Vasilyevich Glagolev (russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Глаго́лев; 21 February 1896 – 21 September 1947) was a Red Army Colonel general, Hero of the Soviet Union, and commander of the Soviet airborne (VDV). After i ...

Nikolai Sollogub Nikolai Vladimirovich Sollogub (russian: Николай Владимирович Соллогуб; – 7 August 1937) was a Soviet military specialist who served in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and the Polish-Soviet War, reaching the rank ...

Alexander Kuk
Yevgeny Shilovsky
Latvian Riflemen:
Pēteris Stučka Pēteris Stučka, sometimes spelt Pyotr Ivanovich Stuchka (russian: Пётр Ива́нович Сту́чка, german: Peter Stutschka (in contemporary writings); – 25 January 1932), was a Latvian jurist and communist politician who served a ...

Frīdrihs Kalniņš
Jānis Lācis
Reinholds Bērziņš
Antons Martusēvičs
Kirill Stutzka
Gustavs Mangulis
Eduard Berzin Eduard Petrovich Berzin (russian: Эдуа́рд Петро́вич Бе́рзин, lv, Eduards Bērziņš; 19 February 1894 – 1 August 1938) was a Soviet Union, Soviet soldier، Chekism, Chekist and NKVD officer that set up Dalstroy, which ...

Jānis Judiņš
Red Cossacks:
Vitaly Primakov Vitaliy Markovich Primakov ( rus, Виталий Маркович Примаков, Vitaliy Markovich Primakov; uk, Віталій Маркович Примаков) (3 December 1897 – 12 June 1937) was a Soviet Union, Soviet revolutionar ...

Eastern Front:
Mikhail Muravyov
Mikhail Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky ( rus, Михаил Николаевич Тухачевский, Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevskiy, p=tʊxɐˈtɕefskʲɪj;  – 12 June 1937) nicknamed the Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, was a Sovie ...

Alexander Samoylo Alexander Alexandrovich Samoylo (russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Само́йло; October 23 (November 4) 1869 – November 8, 1963) was a commander in the Imperial Russian Army and Red Army during World ...

Vladimir Olderogge Vladimir Alexandrovich Olderogge (August 5, 1873 – May 27, 1931) was a Russian and Soviet military leader. He was commander of the Eastern Front of the Red Army. Biography Olderogge was born July 24 (August 5), 1873 in Lublin to a Lutheran ...

Rudolf Sivers Rudolf Ferdinandovich Sivers (1892–1918) was a Russian revolutionary and military leader. Sivers was born in Saint Petersburg on 23 November 1892. A veteran of World War I, after the February Revolution he joined Bolshevik party and became a ...

Sergey Lazo Sergey (Serghei, Sergei) Georgiyevich Lazo (, ro, Serghei Lazo; March 7, 1894 – April or May 1920) was a Russian nobleman, officer of the Imperial Russian Army, and Bolshevik leader in the October 1917 Revolution in the Russian Far East. ...

Yakov Tryapitsyn Yakov Ivanovich Tryapitsyn (russian: Яков Иванович Тряпицын) (25 April 1897 – 9 July 1920) was a Russian and Soviet military and political figure. A wartime officer holding the rank of ''Praporshchik'' in the Imperia ...

Pavel Lebedev Pavel Andreyevich Lebedev (russian: Павел Андреевич Лебедев; born 12 December 1982) is a Russian former pair skater. With Natalia Shestakova, he is the 2004 World Junior Champion. Earlier, he competed with Maria Mukhortova ...

Hayk Bzhishkyan Hayk Bzhishkian ( hy, Հայկ Բժշկյան, Persian هایک پزشکیان, Russian: Гайк Бжишкян, also known as Guy Dmitrievich Guy, Gai Dmitrievich Gai (Гай Дмитриевич Гай), Gaya Gai (Гая Гай), or Bzhishky ...

Vasily Chapayev Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev or Chapaev (russian: link=no, Василий Иванович Чапаев; 5 September 1919) was a Russian soldier and Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War. Biography Chapayev was born into a poor peasan ...

Ivan Kutyakov
Yakov Korotayev
Sergei Mezheninov Sergei A Mezheninov (January 19, 1890 – September 28, 1937) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander). He fought for the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks during the subsequent civil war. During this wa ...

Yan Gamarnik Yan Gamarnik (birth name Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik (russian: Я́ков Цу́дикович Гама́рник), sometimes known as Yakov Gamarnik (russian: Я́ков Гама́рник; – 31 May 1937), was the Chief of the Political Depa ...

Ivar Smilga Ivar Tenisovich Smilga (russian: И́вар Тени́сович Сми́лга, lv, Ivars Smilga; 1892–1938) was a Latvian Bolshevik leader, Soviet politician and economist. He was a member of the Left Opposition in the Soviet Union. Early l ...

Ivan Smirnov
Sergey Gusev
Filipp Goloshchekin Filipp Isayevich Goloshchyokin (russian: Филипп Исаевич Голощёкин) (born Shaya Itsikovich) (russian: Шая Ицикович) ( – October 28, 1941) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, and party functiona ...

Mikhail Alafuso Mikhail Ivanovich Alafuso (russian: Михаил Иванович Алафузо; 1891 – 13 July 1937) was a Soviet general who received the title of Komkor on November 11, 1935. He was born in Mykolaiv in what it is now Ukraine. He was a recip ...

Ivan Strod
Pavel Khokhryakov
Mullanur Waxitov Mullanur Mullacan ulı Waxitov Mullanur Waxitov (Tatar Cyrillic and russian: Мулланур Вахитов, ), also spelled Vakhitov (10 August 1885 – 1918) was a Tatar revolutionary active in the Russian Revolution (1917), Russian Revolution ...

Southern Front:
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

Mikhail Levandovsky Mikhail Karlovich Levandovsky (russian: Левандовский, Михаил Карлович; May 15, 1890 – July 29, 1938) was a Soviet Komandarm 2nd rank. He fought in World War I in the Imperial Russian Army and in the Russian Civil War i ...

Vladimir Yegoryev Vladimir Nikolayevich Yegoryev (russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич Его́рьев; March 16, 1869 – September 20, 1948) was a military commander and military expert of the Russian Empire, Russian SFSR, and Soviet Uni ...

Vladimir Gittis Vladimir Mikhailovich Gittis (Russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Ги́ттис; 24 June 1881 – 22 August 1938) was a Soviet military commander and komkor. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going o ...

Vladimir Azin
Pavel Sytin Pavel Pavlovich Sytin (russian: Павел Павлович Сытин) (30 July .S. 18 July1870 Skopin – 22 August 1938 Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet military leader who reached the rank of major general in the Imperial Russian Army. He fou ...

Pēteris Slavens Pēteris Slavens (russian: Славен, Пётр Антонович, ''Slaven, Pyotr Antonovich'') (Cēsis, 5 April 1874 – Valmiera, 14 November 1919) was a Latvian Soviet military commander, who fought in the Russian Civil War. Military career ...
#
Vladimir Selivachyov #
Semyon Pugachov Semyon Andreevich Pugachov (Russian: Семён Андреевич Пугачёв; 26 February 1889 – 23 March 1943) was a Russian soldier who served in the Russian Imperial and Soviet armed forces. He served in World War I and obtained the ...

Fyodor Podtelkov
Iona Yakir Iona Emmanuilovich Yakir (russian: Ио́на Эммануи́лович Яки́р; 3 August 1896 – 12 June 1937) was a Red Army commander and one of the world's major military reformers between World War I and World War II. He was an ear ...

Ivan Fedko Ivan Fyodorovich Fedko (Russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Федько́; July 6, 1897 – February 26, 1939) was a Soviet Komandarm 1st rank and army commander. He was born in what is now the Left-bank Ukraine. He fought in the Imperial Russi ...

Dmitry Zhloba Dmitry Petrovich Zhloba (russian: Дмитрий Петрович Жлоба; June 3, 1887 – June 10, 1938) was a Soviet military commander who participated in the Russian Civil War. He was born in Kyiv, Ukraine, then part of Imperial Russi ...

Nikolay Kuibyshev ) , image = , birth_date = 25 December 1893 , death_date = , birth_place = Kokshetau, Akmolinsk Oblast, Russian Empire , death_place =Moscow, Soviet Union , allegiance = Russian Empire Soviet Union , branch = Imperial Russian Army Red Arm ...

Mikhail Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich Lashevich (russian: Михаил Михайлович Лашевич; 1884 in Odessa, Russian Empire – 30 August 1928 in Harbin, China), also known under the name ''Gaskovich'', was a Soviet military and party leader. L ...

Béla Kun Béla Kun (born Béla Kohn; 20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938) was a Hungarian communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. After attending Franz Joseph University at Kolozsvár (today Cluj-Napoc ...

Caucasus Front:
Sergo Ordzhonikidze Sergo Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze,, ; russian: Серго Константинович Орджоникидзе, Sergo Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze) born Grigol Konstantines dze Orjonikidze, russian: Григорий Константино ...

Stepan Shaumian Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (; , ''Step’an Ge'vorgi Shahumyan''; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus. Arzumanyan, M. Շահումյան, Ստեփան Գևորգի. ...

Grigory Korganov Grigory Nikolayevich Korganov (Korganian, Korganashvili) (July 30, 1886 - September 20, 1918) was a Georgian-Armenian Communist activist, one of the 26 Baku Commissars and Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Biog ...

Ivan Sorokin Ivan Lukich Sorokin (4 December 1884 - 3 November 1918) was a Russian military leader and participant in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, and the Russian Civil War. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army of the North Caucasus and Comman ...

Alexei Avtonomov #
Anatoliy Gekker Anatoly Ilyich Gekker (russian: Анатолий Ильич Геккер; – 1 July 1937) was a Soviet military commander (Komkor) involved in the Russian Civil War. Gekker was born into a family of a military doctor in Tiflis (Tbilisi), Georgia ...

Valentin Trifonov Valentin Andreyevich Trifonov (Russian: Валентин Андреевич Трифонов; 8 September 1888 – 15 March 1938) was a Bolshevik activist, Soviet politician and one of the leaders of Cossack revolutionary forces who played a m ...

Mikhail Velikanov Mikhail Dmitrievich Velikanov (russian: Михаил Дмитриевич Великанов) (December 27, 1892 – July 27, 1938) was a Soviet military commander (Komkor) involved in the Russian Civil War. He was born into a Russian peasant fa ...

Filipp Makharadze Filipp Yeseyevich Makharadze ( ka, ფილიპე მახარაძე, russian: Филипп Махарадзе; 9 March 1868 – 10 December 1941) was a Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary and government official. Life Born in the villag ...

Sergei Kirov Sergei Mironovich Kirov (né Kostrikov; 27 March 1886 – 1 December 1934) was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary whose assassination led to the first Great Purge. Kirov was an early revolutionary in the Russian Empire and membe ...

Nariman Narimanov Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oghlu Narimanov ( az, Nəriman Kərbəlayi Nəcəf oğlu Nərimanov, russian: Нарима́н Кербелаи Наджа́ф оглы Нарима́нов; – 19 March 1925) was an Azerbaijani Bolshevik revolutionary, ...

Northern Front:
Dmitry Nadyozhny Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny (russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Надёжный; , Nizhny Novgorod - 22 February 1945, Moscow) was a commander in the Russian Imperial Army who later joined the Red Army. He rose to lieutenant general ...

August Kork August Ivanovich Kork (, also Аугуст Яанович Корк; 11 June 1937) was an Estonian Red Army commander (Komandarm 2nd rank) who was tried and executed during the Great Purge in 1937. Kork became an officer of the Imperial Russi ...

Dmitri Parsky Dmitri Pavlovich Parsky (russian: Дми́трий Па́влович Па́рский) ( in Tula – 20 December 1921) was a Russian general of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I, who fought on the Eastern Front. In 1893 he attended t ...
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Semyon Nakhimson Semen Mikhailovich Nakhimson (pseudonyms: Mikhalchi, Pavel Salin; November 25, 1885, Libava – July 6, 1918, Yaroslavl) was a member of the revolutionary movement in Russia and military commissar of the Yaroslavl District. Biography Born Novem ...

Yuri Guzarsky
Ukrainian Front:
Nikolay Shchors Mykola Oleksandrovich Shchors ( uk, Микола Олександрович Щорс; – 30 August 1919) was a Ukrainian communist. He served as Red Army commander, member of the Russian Communist Party, renowned for his personal courage durin ...

Ivan Dubovoy
Stanislav Kosior Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine * Stanislaus County, Cali ...

Grigory Kotovsky Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кото́вский, ro, Grigore Kotovski; – August 6, 1925) was a Soviet military and political activist, and participant in the Russian Civil War. He made a career ...

Nikolai Krivoruchko
Anton Słucki
Boris Shaposhnikov , birth_name = Boris Mikhailovitch Shaposhnikov , birth_date = , death_date = , birth_place = Zlatoust, Ufa GovernorateRussian Empire , death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union , placeofburial = Kremlin Wall Necropolis , placeofbu ...

Central Asian Front:
Mikhail Frunze Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (russian: Михаил Васильевич Фрунзе; ro, Mihail Frunză; 2 February 1885 – 31 October 1925) was a Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Born in the modern-day ...

Grigori Sokolnikov Grigori Yakovlevich Sokolnikov (born Hirsch Brilliant or Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant; 1888–1939) was a Russian Old Bolshevik revolutionary, economist, and Soviet politician. Early career Grigori Sokolnikov was born Girsh Yankelevich Brillia ...

Vasily Shorin Vasily Ivanovich Shorin (russian: Василий Иванович Шорин; 26 December 1870 January 1871 Kalyazin ''–'' 29 June 1938, Leningrad) was a Soviet military commander, who commanded several military units of the Red Army during th ...

Pyotr Kobozev Pyotr Alekseevich Kobozev (Russian: Пётр Алексеевич Кобозев) (13 August 1878, Pesochnya, (now Shilovsky District), Ryazan Oblast — 4 January 1941, Moscow) was a prominent Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and professo ...

Ivan Belov
Alibi Dzhangildin
Amangeldy Imanov Amangeldy (also spelled Amangeldi) is a given name of Central Asian origin. Notable people with the name include: * Amangeldy Aytaly (1939–2022), Kazakh academic and politician * Amangeldy Hydyr (born 1951), Turkmenistani painter *Amangeldy Mural ...

Fyodor Kolesov
Shalva Eliava Shalva Zurabovich Eliava ( ka, შალვა ელიავა; russian: Ша́лва Зура́бович Элиа́ва, ''Shalva Zurabovich Eliava'') (September 30, 1883 in Ganiri – December 3, 1937) was a Georgian Old Bolshevik and Sovie ...

Fayzulla Khodzhayev Faizullah, also spelled Fayzullah or Feizollah ( ar, فيزالله ) is a male Muslim given name, composed of the elements ''Faiz'' and '' Allah''. It means ''Success from God'' or ''Victory from God''. In modern usage it may appear as a surname. ...


Far Eastern Republic

Alexander Krasnoshchyokov Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchyokov (russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Краснощёков, real name – Avraam Moiseevich Krasnoshchyok, russian: Абра́м Моисе́евич Краснощёк, October 10, 1880 – ...

Nikolay Matveyev Nikolay Mikhailovich Matveyev (russian: Николай Михайлович Матвеев) (May 22, 1877, village Bogdat, Nerchinsko-Zavodsky uezd, Transbaikal – April 26, 1951, Moscow) was a Russian Soviet politician and revolutionary who was ...

Genrich Eiche Henrich Christoforovich Eiche (russian: Ге́нрих Христофо́рович Э́йхе, lv, Indriķis Eihe; September 29 (October 12) 1893, Riga — June 25, 1968, Jūrmala) was a Soviet Komdiv and military historian of Latvian ethnicity ...

Vasily Blyukher Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher ( rus, Васи́лий Константи́нович Блю́хер, Vasiliy Konstantinovich Blyukher; 1 December 1889 – 9 November 1938) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union. Earl ...

Konstantin Avksentevsky Konstantin Alekseyevich Avksentevsky (October 12, 1890 – November 2, 1941) was a Soviet army commander. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and for the Bolsheviks in the subsequent civil war. He was a recipient of the Order ...

Ieronim Uborevich Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich ( lt, Jeronimas Uborevičius; russian: Иерони́м Петро́вич Уборе́вич; – 12 June 1937) was a Soviet military commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, reaching the rank of koma ...

Stepan Vostretsov
Yakiv Pokus


Ukrainian SSR

Yukhym Medvedev Yukhym Hryhorovych Medvedev ( uk, Юхим Григорович Медведєв, russian: Ефим Григорьевич Медведев) (1 April 1886 – 7 June 1938) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician and the first elected chairman of the So ...

Volodymyr Zatonsky Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky ( uk, Володи́мир Зато́нський, russian: Влади́мир Петро́вич Зато́нский ''Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky''; July 27, 1888 – July 29, 1938) was a Soviet politician, aca ...

Grigory Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Петро́вский, uk, Григо́рій Іва́нович Петро́вський, translit=Hryhorii Ivanovych Petrovskyi) (3 February 1878 - 9 January 1958) wa ...

Georgy Pyatakov Georgy (Yury) Leonidovich Pyatakov (russian: Гео́ргий Леони́дович Пятако́в; 6 August 1890 – 30 January 1937) was a leader of the Bolsheviks and a key Soviet politician during and after the 1917 Russian Revolution ...

Serafima Hopner Serafima Ilyinichna Hopner (russian: Серафима Ильинична Гопнер; 1880–1966) was a Bolshevik politician, a Hero of Socialist Labor (1960), and a Doctor of Historical Sciences (1934). Beginning in 1903, she was a member, an ...

Emanuel Kviring Emanuel Yonovych Kwiring (Kviring) (russian: Эммануил Ионович Квиринг, uk, Емануіл Йонович Квірінг) (13 September 1888 – 26 November 1937) was a Soviet politician and statesman. Born into a German f ...

Yevgenia Bosch Yevgenia Bogdanovna; russian: Го́тлибовна) Bosch; russian: Евге́ния Богда́новна Бош; german: Jewgenija Bogdanowna Bosch (née Meisch ; – 5 January 1925) was a Ukrainian Bolshevik revolutionary, politician, ...

Mykola Skrypnyk Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk ( uk, Микола Олексійович Скрипник; – 7 July 1933), also known as Nikolai Alekseyevich Skripnik (russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Скри́пник), was a Ukrainian Bolshe ...

Christian Rakovsky Christian Georgievich Rakovsky (russian: Христиа́н Гео́ргиевич Рако́вский; bg, Кръстьо Георги́ев Рако́вски; – September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevi ...

Vasyl Shakhrai Vasyl' Matviyovych Shakhrai ( uk, Василь Матвійович Шахрай; February 11, 1888 – 1919) was a Ukrainian political activist and Bolshevik revolutionary during the Russian Revolution. He was а founder of what came to be called ...

Yuriy Kotsiubynsky Yuriy Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky ( uk, Юрій Михайлович Коцюбинський) (December 7, 1896 – March 8, 1937) was a Bolshevik politician, activist, member of the Soviet government in Ukraine, one of the co-founders of Re ...

Fyodor Sergeyev Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev (, ; March 19, 1883 – July 24, 1921), better known as Comrade Artyom (), was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Joseph Stali ...


Byelorussian SSR

Vilhelm Knorin Vilgelm Georgiyevich Knorin (russian: Вильге́льм Гео́ргиевич Кно́рин, Latvian: ''Vilhelms "Vilis" Knoriņš''; (29 August 1890 – 29 July 1939) was a Latvian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, publicist and hi ...

Alexander Chervyakov Alexander Grigoryevich Chervyakov (Aliaksandr Charviakou, be, Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Чарвякоў, ''Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Čarviakoŭ'' russian: Александр Григорьевич Червяков, ''Aleksandr Grigor'ev ...


Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic

Kullervo Manner Kullervo Achilles Manner (, Russian Куллерво Густавович Маннер, ''Kullervo Gustavovich Manner''; 12 October 1880 – 15 January 1939) was a Finnish politician and journalist, and later a Soviet politician. He was a membe ...

Yrjö Sirola Yrjö Elias Sirola (born Yrjö Elias Sirén; 8 November 1876 – 18 March 1936) was a Finnish socialist politician, writer, teacher, and newspaper editor. He was prominent as an elected official in Finland, as minister of foreign affairs in the 1 ...

Ali Aaltonen Aleksi "Ali" Aaltonen (2 August 1884 – May 1918) was a Finnish journalist and former lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Army, who served as the first commander-in-chief of the Finnish Red Guards from November 1917 to the end of January 1918. He w ...

Eero Haapalainen Eero Haapalainen (Russian Эро Эрович Хаапалайнен, ''Ero Erovich Khaapalaynen''; 27 October 1880 – 27 November 1937) was a Finnish politician, trade unionist and journalist, who was one of the most prominent figures of the Finn ...

Evert Eloranta Frans Evert Eloranta (10 October 1879 – 1936) was a Finnish politician and a Member of the Parliament for the Social Democratic Party in 1908–1918. During the Finnish Civil War, Eloranta served as the Minister of Agriculture of the Finnish So ...

Adolf Taimi Adolf Pietarinpoika Taimi (21 September 1881 – 1 November 1955) was a Finnish-Soviet Bolshevik and a member of the People's Delegation during the Finnish Civil War. After the civil war Taimi fled to Soviet Russia where he was one of the found ...

Eino Rahja Eino Abramovich Rahja (20 June 1885 – 26 April 1936) was a Finnish-Russian revolutionary who joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903, becoming aligned with the party's Bolshevik faction. Rahja organized Lenin's temporary escap ...

August Wesley August Anselm Wesley ( Wesslin; born 3 August 1887; last rumoured to be alive 1942) was a Finnish journalist, trade unionist, and revolutionary who was the chief of the Red Guards general staff in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. He later served as ...

Mikhail Svechnikov Mikhail Stepanovich Svechnikov (30 September 1882 – 26 August 1938) was a Russian military officer in the Imperial Russian Army and the Red Army. He is best known as one of the military leaders of the Red Guards in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. C ...

Georgy Bulatsel


Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

Damdin Sükhbaatar Damdin Sükhbaatar ( mn, Дамдины Сүхбаатар, Damdinii Sühbaatar, ; February 2, 1893 – February 20, 1923) was a Mongolian communist revolutionary, founding member of the Mongolian People's Party, and leader of the Mongolia ...

Soliin Danzan Soliin Danzan ( mn, Солийн Данзан; 1885–1924)Batbayar, Ts. (1996). ''Modern Mongolia: A Concise History.'' Offset Printing, Mongolian Center for Scientific and Technological Information was a central figure in Mongolia's early revo ...

Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj ( mn, Цэрэн-Очирын Дамбадорж; 1898 – June 25, 1934) was a Mongolian politician who served as Chairman of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1921 to 1928. He was expelled from the part ...

Dambyn Chagdarjav Dambyn Chagdarjav (Mongolian language, Mongolian: Дамбын Чагдаржав; ; 1880 – August 31, 1922) was a Mongolian revolutionary and one of the “first seven” founders of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in 1920. He was named pr ...

Dogsomyn Bodoo Dogsomyn Bodoo, (1885–1922) was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and fol ...

Khorloogiin Choibalsan Khorloogiin Choibalsan ( mn, Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, spelled ''Koroloogiin Çoibalsan'' before 1941; 8 February 1895 – 26 January 1952) was the leader of Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) and Marshal (general chief com ...

Dansranbilegiin Dogsom Dansranbilegiin Dogsom ( mn, Дансранбилэгийн Догсом; 1884 – July 27, 1941) was a prominent Mongolian revolutionary leader and post-Revolution political figure in Mongolian People's Republic. He served as Chairman of the P ...

Darizavyn Losol Darizavyn Losol ( mn, Дарьжавын Лосол ; April 15, 1890 – July 25, 1940) was a revolutionary leader and post-Revolution governmental figure in Mongolia until he was purged in 1939. Early life Losol (or "Darizhavyn" or "Darijavyn" ...

Rinchingiin Elbegdorj Rinchingiin Elbegdorj ( mn, Ринчингийн Элбэгдорж; russian: Элбе́к-Доржи́ Ринчино, ''Ėlbek-Dorzhi Rinchino''; May 16, 1888 –June 10, 1938) was a Buryat nationalist revolutionary who played leading roles in ...


White Movement


Russian State

Alexander Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (russian: link=no, Александр Васильевич Колчак; – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought ...

(
Supreme Ruler of Russia The Supreme Ruler of Russia (russian: Верховный правитель России, ), also referred to as the Supreme Leader of Russia, was the head of state and Commander-in-chief, supreme commander-in-chief of the Russian state, Russian ...
)
Pyotr Vologodsky Pyotr Vasilievich Vologodsky (January 18, 1863 – November 19, 1925, russian: Пётр Васи́льевич Волого́дский) was a Russian statesman, public figure, and mason. He was the first chairman of the Council of Ministers of t ...

Viktor Pepelyayev Viktor Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (8 January 1885 - 7 February 1920) was a Russian politician, a supporter of Admiral Alexander Kolchak, and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the State of Russia. Biography Born on January 8, 1885, in Nar ...

Mikhail Smirnov
Vasily Boldyrev Vasily Georgievich Boldyrev (russian: Василий Георгиевич Болдырев; – 20 August 1933) was an Imperial Russian army commander. He was born in Samara Governorate and fought in the war against the Empire of Japan. He part ...

Northwestern Army:
Nikolai Yudenich Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich ( – 5 October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War. Biography Early life Yuden ...

( Commander-in-Chief)
Anton Dzerozhinsky
Alexander Rodzyanko Alexander Pavlovich Rodzyanko (russian: Александр Павлович Родзянко; 26 August 1879 – 6 May 1970) was an officer of the Imperial Russian Army during the World War I and lieutenant-general and a corps commander of the Wh ...

Peter von Glasenapp
Alexei Vandam
Fyodor Keller Theodor Eduard Graf von Keller (, Fyodor Eduardovich Keller; 15 August 1850 – 31 July 1904), better known as Fyodor Keller, was a general in the Imperial Russian Army, noted for his role in the Battle of Motien Pass during the Russo-Japanese Wa ...

Anatol von Lieven Anatol Leonid Fürst von Lieven, (1872 – 1937) was a Baltic German prince of the Lieven family who commanded a counter-revolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War in Latvia known after him as the Liventsy ( lv, Līvenieši). Bio ...

Pavel Bermondt-Avalov Pavel Rafailovich Bermondt-Avalov (russian: Павел Рафаилович Бермондт-Авалов) or Pavel Avalishvili ( – 27 December 1973) was an Ussuri Cossack and warlord. He is best known as the commander of the West Russian Vol ...

Aleksandr Dolgorukov
Northern Army:
Yevgeny Miller Eugen Ludwig Müller (russian: Евге́ний-Лю́двиг Ка́рлович Ми́ллер, tr. ; 25 September 1867 – 11 May 1939), better known as Yevgeny Miller, was a Russian general of Baltic German origin and one of the leaders of th ...

( Commander-in-Chief)
Vladimir Marushevsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Marushevsky (russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маруше́вский; 12 July 187424 November 1951) was an Imperial Russian general, and served as the last chief of staff of the Russian Republic. Bi ...

Mikhail Kvetsinsky :''Kvetsinsky leads here. For the Polish variant, see Kwieciński'' Mikhail Fyodorovich Kvetsinsky (russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Квецинский) (January 3, 1866 – March 31, 1923), also known as Michael (von) Kwetzinsky ...

Nikolai Tchaikovsky Nikolai Vasilyevich Tchaikovsky (7 January 1851 Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe.html" ;"title="/nowiki> O.S._26_December_1850.html" ;"title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe">O.S. 26 De ...

Arctic Ocean Flotilla:
Leonid Ivanov
Boris Vilkitsky Boris Andreyevich Vilkitsky (russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Вильки́цкий) (22 March (3 April N.S.) 1885, Pulkovo – 6 March 1961) was a Russian hydrographer and surveyor. He was the son of Andrey Ippolitovich Vilkitsky. ...

Armed Forces of South Russia:
Anton Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...

( Commander-in-Chief)
Vladimir May-Mayevsky Vladimir Zenonovich May-Mayevsky KCMG (; – 30 November 1920) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army and one of the leaders of the counterrevolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War. Biography According to Peter Kenez, V. ...
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Nikołaj Timanowski #
Ivan Romanovsky Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky () – 17 April 1920) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army and one of the leaders of the counterrevolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War. Romanovsky served as chief of staff of the Volunteer Army a ...

Alexander Lukomsky Alexander Sergeyevich Lukomsky (10 July 1868 – 25 January 1939 in Paris) was a Russian military commander, General Staff, Lieutenant-General (April 1916). He fought for the Imperial Russian Army during the First World War and was one of th ...

Dmitry Shcherbachev Dmitry Grigoryevich Shcherbachev (russian: Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Щербачёв; tr. ; 18 January 1932) was a general in the Russian Army during World War I and one of the leaders of the White Movement during the Russian C ...

Mikhail Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich Drozdovsky (russian: Михаил Гордеевич Дроздовский; October 7, 1881 – January 1, 1919) was a Russian army officer and one of the military leaders of the anti-Bolshevik White movement during the Ru ...

Nikolai Tretyakov Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tretyakov (russian: Третьяков, Николай Александрович; 2 October 1854 – 5 February 1917) was a military engineer and general in the Imperial Russian Army, noted for his heroic role in the Siege ...

Ignatiy Vasilchenko
Viktor Betling #
Mikhail Rodzianko Mikhail Vladimirovich Rodzianko (russian: Михаи́л Влади́мирович Родзя́нко; uk, Михайло Володимирович Родзянко; 21 February 1859, Yekaterinoslav Governorate – 24 January 1924, Novo ...

Nikołaj Bredow
Abram Dragomirov Abram Mikhailovich Dragomirov (russian: Абра́м Миха́йлович Драгоми́ров, tr. ; 9 December 1955) was a General in the Imperial Russian Army. Following the Russian Revolution he joined Anton Denikin in the Volunteer Army. ...

Vladimir Dragomirov Vladimir Mikhailovich Dragomirov (1862–1928) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army. Life Dragomirov was the son of Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov, a prominent Russian General. His brother Abram Dragomirov was also a general in the Imperial ...

Vasily Flug Vasily Yegorovich Flug (March 19, 1860 – December 3, 1955) was an Imperial Russian Army General of the Infantry. A career military officer, he served in the Boxer Rebellion, Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, before joining the White movemen ...

Konstantin Prisovskiy
Alexander Golubintzev
Yakov Yuzefovich
Pavel Chatilov
Viktor Pokrovsky Viktor Leonidovich Pokrovsky (russian: Покровский Виктор Леонидович) (1889 – 9 November 1922) was a Russian lieutenant general and one of the leaders of anti-communist counterrevolutionary White Army during Russian Civil ...

Black Sea Flotilla:
Vasily Kanin
Mikhail Sablin Mikhail Pavlovich Sablin (russian: Михаил Павлович Саблин, ua, Миха́йло Па́влович Са́блін) (June 17, 1869 - October 17, 1920), was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, the first independent Ukrainia ...
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Dmitry Nenyukov
Andrei Pokrovsky
Nikolay Maksimov
Turkestan Army:
Ippolit Savitsky IPPOLIT is an open-source chess program released by authors using pseudonyms, Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin, Igor Igorovich Igoronov, Roberto Pescatore, Yusuf Ralf Weisskopf, Ivan Skavinsky Skavar, and Decembrists. The program is a console applicat ...

Boris Kazanovich Boris may refer to: People * Boris (given name), a male given name *:''See'': List of people with given name Boris * Boris (surname) * Boris I of Bulgaria (died 907), the first Christian ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire, canonized after his ...

Konstantin Osipov
Konstantin Monstrov
Army of Wrangel:
Pyotr Wrangel Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (russian: Пётр Никола́евич барон Вра́нгель, translit=Pëtr Nikoláevič Vrángel', p=ˈvranɡʲɪlʲ, german: Freiherr Peter Nikolaus von Wrangel; April 25, 1928), also known by his ni ...

( Commander-in-Chief)
Alexander Krivoshein Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein (russian: Александр Васильевич Кривошеин) (July 19 (31 ( N.S.), 1857, Warsaw – October 28, 1921, Berlin) was a Russian monarchist politician and Minister of Agriculture under Pyotr S ...

Vladimir Vitkovsky Vladimir Konstantinovich Vitkovsky (April 21, 1885 – January 18, 1978) was a White Army general in the Russian Civil War. He was born in Pskov. He served in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I. He was a recipient of the Order of St. George ...

Alexander Kutepov Alexander Pavlovich Kutepov ( rus, Алекса́ндр Па́влович Куте́пов; 28 September 1882 in Cherepovets, Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire – 26 January 1930 in Paris, France) served as an officer in the anti-communi ...

Petr Makhrov
Ivan Barbovich
Alexander Borovsky Alexander Borovsky (Borowsky) (1889-1968), a Russian-American pianist, was born in Mitau, Russia. His first piano teacher was his mother, a pupil of Vasily Safonov. He completed his studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1912 with a gold med ...

Mikhail Fostikov Mikhail Arkhipovich Fostikov ( rus, Михаил Архипович Фостиков; – 29 July 1966) was a Cossack officer in the Imperial Russian Army and an officer of the counterrevolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War, ...

Nikolai Shilling Nikolai Nikolayevich Shilling (Николай Николаевич Шиллинг; 16 December 1870 – 1946) was a Russian military man and commander in the White Armed Forces of South Russia during the Russian Civil War. Life Shilling joined ...

Wrangel's Fleet:
Mikhail Kedrov
People's Army of Komuch:
Vladimir Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich Kappel (russian: Влади́мир О́скарович Ка́ппель, – January 26, 1920) was a White Russian military leader. Early life Kappel was born into a Swedish-Russian family. He graduated from the Saint ...
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Andrei Bakich Andrei Stepanovich Bakich (; 31 December 1878 – 17 June 1922) was a general of the White movement during the Russian Civil War. Bakich rose to regimental command during World War I, and during the Russian Civil War, he was one of the leaders o ...

Konstantin Nechaev
Sergey Lyupov
Siberian Army:
Aleksey Grishin-Almazov
Pavel Ivanov-Rinov Pavel (Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Russian language, Russian, Serbian language, Serbian and Macedonian language, Macedonian: Павел, Czech language, Czech, Slovene language, Slovene, Romanian language, Romanian: Pavel, Polish language, Po ...

Alexey Matkovsky
Vladimir Gulidov
Boris Annenkov
Konstantin Sakharov
Mikhail Pleshkov Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pleshkov, Jr. (russian: Михаил Михайлович Плешков; 6 March 1885 – 12 November 1956)

Ural Army:
Matvey Martynov
Vladimir Akutin
Nikolay Saveliev
Vladimir Tolstov
Orenburg Independent Army:
Alexander Dutov Alexander Ilyich Dutov () (, Kazalinsk, Russian Empire – 7 February 1921, Shuiding, China) was one of the leaders of the Cossack counterrevolution in the Urals, lieutenant general (1919). Dutov was born in Kazalinsk in Syr-Darya Oblast (now Ka ...

Ivan Akulinin
Amur Front:
Ivan Kalmykov Ivan Pavlovich Kalmykov (russian: Иван Павлович Калмыков; September 5, 1890 – September 1920), was an Ataman of the Ussuri Cossacks and General associated with the Anti-Bolshevik White Movement during the Russian Civil Wa ...

Women's Battalion:
Maria Bochkareva Maria Leontievna Bochkareva (July 1889 – 16 May 1920; russian: Мари́я Лео́нтьевна Бочкарёва, Maria Leontievna Bochkareva, née ''Frolkova'' (Фролко́ва), nicknamed ''Yashka'') was a Russian soldier who fought ...

Siberian Flotilla:
Sergey Timirev
Mikhail Berens Mikhail Andreyevich Berens (russian: Михаил Андреевич Беренс) (January 16, 1879 – January 20, 1943) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Navy and the White Navy during the Russian Civil War. Biography Mikhail Beren ...

Georgy Stark


Volunteer Army

Lavr Kornilov Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov (russian: Лавр Гео́ргиевич Корни́лов, ; – 13 April 1918) was a Russian military intelligence officer, explorer, and general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the ensuing Russ ...

( Commander-in-Chief)
Mikhail Alekseyev Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev (russian: Михаил Васильевич Алексеев) ( – ) was an Imperial Russian Army general during World War I and the Russian Civil War. Between 1915 and 1917 he served as Tsar Nicholas II's Ch ...
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Sergey Markov Sergey Leonidovich Markov (russian: Серге́й Леони́дович Ма́рков) ( – June 25, 1918), was an Imperial Russian Army general, and became one of the founders of the Volunteer Army counterrevolutionary force of the White m ...

Dmitri Miontxinski
Mitrofan Nejentsev
Vasily Simanovsky


Don Army District

Alexey Kaledin Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin (russian: Алексе́й Макси́мович Каледи́н; 24 October 1861 – 11 February 1918) was a Don Cossack Cavalry General who led the Don Cossack White movement in the opening stages of the Russian Ci ...

Anatoly Nazarov
Vasily Tchernetzov


Don Republic

Pyotr Krasnov Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov ( rus, Пётр Николаевич Краснов; 22 September (old style: 10 September) 1869 – 17 January 1947), sometimes referred to in English as Peter Krasnov, was a Don Cossack historian and officer, promot ...

Afrikan Bogaevsky
Great Don Army:
Svyatoslav Denisov Sviatoslav (russian: Святосла́в, Svjatosláv, ; uk, Святосла́в, Svjatosláv, ) is a Russian and Ukrainian given name of Slavic origin. Cognates include Svetoslav, Svatoslav, , Svetislav. It has a Pre-Christian pagan charact ...

Vladimir Sidorin Vladimir Ilyich Sidorin (russian: Владимир Ильич Сидорин; 3 February 1882 − 20 May 1943) was an officer in the Russian Imperial Army and Commander of the Don Army between February 1919 and April 1920 during the Russian Civil ...

Pyotr Popov Pyotr Popov (russian: Пётр Попо́в, born 4 September 1985) is a Russian luger who has competed since 2002. A natural track luger, he won the silver medal in the men's doubles event at the 2007 FIL World Luge Natural Track C ...

Ivan Popov
Konstantin Mamontov Konstantin Konstantinovich Mamontov (; 16 October 1869 – 14 February 1920) was a Russian military commander and famous general of the Don Cossacks, who fought in the White Army during the Russian Civil War. Biography Mamontov was born in 186 ...
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Alexander Fitzchelaurov
Fyodor Kryukov #
Emmanuel Semiletov #
Georgiy Kargalskov
Aleksandr Moller
Mikhail Bazavov
Mikhail Khripunov
Isaak Bykadorov
Konstantin Sychev


Kuban People's Republic

Alexander Filimonov
Nikolay Bukretov
Kuban Army:
Andrei Shkuro Andrei Grigoriyevich Shkuro (russian: Андре́й Григо́рьевич Шкуро́, Ukrainian: Андрій Григорович Шкуро; 19 January 1887 ( O.S.: 7 January) – 17 January 1947) was a Lieutenant General (1919) of the ...

Yakov Slashchov Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchov ( Russian: Яков Александрович Слащёв; 10 January 1886 – 11 January 1929) was a leading commander of Baron Wrangel's Crimean army who reconciled to the Soviets and returned from Constanti ...

Sergei Ulagay Sergei Ulagay (1875/1877 – April 29, 1944?) was a White Army general in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. He was a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) and of World War I (1914–1917). He was a recipient (1917) of the Order of St. ...


Far Eastern Army

Grigory Semyonov
( Commander-in-Chief)
Sergey Rozanov
Boris Khreschatitsky Borys Rostislavovich Khreschatytsky (russian: Борис Ростиславович Хрещатицкий, ; 1881, Novoazovsk, Stanitsa Novomykolaivska, Don Host Oblast –1940) was a general of the Russian Empire ...

Nikolai Lokhvitsky
Grigory Verzhbitsky Grigory Afanasyevich Verjbitsky (russian: Григорий Афанасьевич Вержбицкий) (born January 25, 1875, Letychiv, Podolia Governorate  — died December 20, 1942 Tianjin, China) was one of the leaders of the White move ...

Konstantin Akintievsky
Dmitry Semyonov
Anatoly Pepelyayev Anatoly Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (russian: Анатолий Николаевич Пепеляев; , in Tomsk – 14 January 1938) was a White Russian general who led the Siberian armies of Admiral Kolchak during the Russian Civil War. His el ...

Lev Vlasyevskiy
Mikhail Pleshkov Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pleshkov, Jr. (russian: Михаил Михайлович Плешков; 6 March 1885 – 12 November 1956)

Georgy Matsievsky Georgy Evgenievich Matsievsky (russian: Мациевский Георгий Евгеньевич) (10 December 1880 − 23 November 1941, Harbin) was a Baikal Cossack, active participant of the White movement in Transbaikal, Lieutenant-General ...

Mikhail Korobeinikov
Asiatic Cavalry Division:
Roman Ungern-Sternberg
Boris Rezukhin


Provisional Priamurye Government

Mikhail Diterikhs Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs (russian: Михаи́л Константи́нович Ди́терихс, r=Michaíl Konstantinovič Díterichs; May 17, 1874 – September 9, 1937) served as a general in the Imperial Russian Army and subsequent ...
- ( Commander-in-Chief)
- Foreign Minister
- Chairman
Viktorin Molchanov Viktorin Mikhailovich Molchanov (russian: Викторин Михайлович Молчанов) (January 11, 1886 in Chistopol, Governorate of Kazan – January 10, 1975 in San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for ...
- Army General
Innokentiy Smolin
Faddey Glebov
Pyotr Blokhin


Czechoslovak Legion

Sergei Wojciechowski Sergey Nikolayevich Voytsekhovsky (russian: Серге́й Никола́евич Войцехо́вский; cs, Sergej Nikolajevič Vojcechovský; 16 October 1883 in Vitebsk – 7 April 1951) was a Colonel of the Imperial Russian Army, Maj ...

Radola Gajda Radola Gajda, born as Rudolf Geidl (14 February 1892, Kotor, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary – 15 April 1948, Prague, Czechoslovakia), was a Czech military commander and politician. Early years Geidl's father was an officer in the Aust ...

Jan Syrový Jan Syrový (24 January 1888 – 17 October 1970) was a Czechoslovak general and the prime minister of Czechoslovakia during the Munich Crisis. Early life and military career Jan Syrový studied building at a technical school. Following his ...

Stanislav Čeček Stanislav Čeček (13 November 1886 in Líšno – 29 May 1930 in České Budějovice) was a Czechoslovak general. Biography Stanislav Čeček was born in Líšno (today part of Bystřice near Benešov), Austria-Hungary. His father, Karel, was ...

Vladimir Shokorov Vladimir Nikolaevich Shokorov (1868–1940) was a Russian soldier active in the First World War and the Russian Civil War. On 26 September 1917 General Nikolay Dukhonin Nikolay Nikolayevich Dukhonin (russian: Никола́й Никола́ ...


Alash Autonomy

Alikhan Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmukhameduly Bukeikhanov,, Arabic graphics: ٴالىيحان نۇرمۇحامەدۇلى بوكەيحان, romanized: ''Älihan Nūrmūhamedūly Bökeihan'', pronunciation: ləj'χɑn no̙r'mo̙hɑmmjed'o̙ɫə bøkej'χɑn or Bökeih ...


Turkestan Autonomy

Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev Muhammedjan Tynyshpaev ( kk, Мұхаммеджан Тынышбайұлы; , romanized: ''Mūhammedjan Tynyşbaiūly'', Russified: Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev) (May 12, 1879 - after November 21, 1937) was a Kazakh engineer, activist, and intelle ...

Mustafa Shokay Mustafa Shokay ( kk, Мұстафа Шоқайұлы, , romanized: ''Mūstafa Şoqaiūly'', Russian: Мустафа́ Шока́й); 25 December 1890 – 27 December 1941) was a Kazakh social and political activist and ideologue of the Turkest ...


Third party factions


Insurgent Army

Nestor Makhno Nestor Ivanovych Makhno, The surname "Makhno" ( uk, Махно́) was itself a corruption of Nestor's father's surname "Mikhnenko" ( uk, Міхненко). ( 1888 – 25 July 1934), also known as Bat'ko Makhno ("Father Makhno"),; According to ...

Semen Karetnyk Semen Mykytovych Karetnyk (; 1893 – 1920) was a Ukrainian anarchist and a commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU). He often replaced Nestor Makhno as supreme commander of the Black Army in 1920. Karetnyk gained a reputat ...

Fedir Shchus Fedir Shchus ( uk, Федір Щусь, 25 March 1893 – 30 June 1921), also Fyodor Shuss or Feodosiy Shchus, was a commander (ataman) in the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine of Nestor Makhno. Biography Fedir Shchus was born into a poo ...

Dmitry Popov
Maria Nikiforova ) , allegiance = Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets Makhnovshchina , branch = , serviceyears = 1914-1919 , rank = Atamansha , unit = , commands = , battles = World ...

Viktor Bilash Viktor Fedorovych Bilash ( uk, Віктор Федорович Білаш; 1893 – 24 January 1938) was the Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU) under Nestor Makhno. A gifted military commander, Bilash himself pl ...

Lev Zadov
Ivan Markov
Iuda Grossman
Oleksiy Chubenko


Green Army

Nykyfor Hryhoriv Nykyfor Oleksandrovych Hryhoriv (né Nychypir Servetnyk, 1884 – 27 July 1919) was a Ukrainian paramilitary leader noted for repeatedly switching sides during the Ukrainian Civil War. He was commonly known as "Otaman Hryhoriv." In some historic ...

Danylo Terpylo Danylo Ilkovych Terpylo,, ''Danilo Il'kovich Terpylo''russian: Дании́л Ильи́ч Терпи́ло, ''Daniil Il'ich Terpilo'' widely known as the Green Ataman, ''Otaman Zelenyy''russian: атаман Зелёный, ''Ataman Zelyonyy'' ...

Pjotr Tokmakov
Alexander Antonov
Dmitry Antonov
Ivan Kolesov
Efim Mamontov
Mikhail Kozyr
Konstantin Voskoboinik The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name ''Constantinus'' (Constantine) in some European languages, such as Russian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. ...


Socialist-Revolutionary Party

Vladimir Volsky
Nikolai Avksentiev Nikolai Dimitrovich Avksentyev (russian: Николай Дмитриевич Авксентьев; 28 November 1878, Penza – 24 March 1943, New York City) was a leading member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR). He was one of the 'Heid ...

Viktor Chernov Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (russian: Ви́ктор Миха́йлович Черно́в; December 7, 1873 – April 15, 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He was the primar ...

Fyodor Funtikov Fyodor Adrianovich Funtikov (Russian: Фёдор Адриа́нович Фу́нтиков; 1875/76 – 5 May 1926) was Chairman of Provisional Executive Committee of the Transcaspian Region Soviet during the period July 1918 – Jan 1919. He was ...

Vladimir Zenzinov Vladimir Mikhailovich Zenzinov (russian: Владимир Михайлович Зензинов; historically, his surname was also transcribed as Sensinoff: 29 November 1880 — 20 October 1953) was a member of Russia's Socialist-Revolutionary P ...

Andrei Argunov Andrei Aleksandrovich Argunov (Russian: Адрей Александрович Аргунов) (19 October 1866 – 7 November 1939) was a Russian revolutionary political activist and one of the leaders of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. Bo ...

Piotr Derber
Yevgeny Rogovskiy
Boris Savinkov Boris Viktorovich Savinkov (Russian: Бори́с Ви́кторович Са́винков; 31 January 1879 – 7 May 1925) was a Russian writer and revolutionary. As one of the leaders of the Fighting Organisation, the paramilitary win ...

Boris Donskoy Boris Mikhailovich Donskoy (russian: Борис Михайлович Донской; 1894 – 10 August 1918) was a Russian Empire terrorist-revolutionary. He was a member of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary party as SR-maximalist. Donskoy became w ...


Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party

Maria Spiridonova Maria Alexandrovna Spiridonova (russian: Мари́я Алекса́ндровна Спиридо́нова; 16 October 1884 – 11 September 1941) was a Narodnik-inspired Russian revolutionary. In 1906, as a novice member of a local combat group ...

Yakov Blumkin Yakov Grigoryevich Blumkin (russian: Я́ков Григо́рьевич Блю́мкин; 12 March 1900 – 3 November 1929) was a Left Socialist-Revolutionary, a Bolshevik, and an agent of the Cheka and the Joint State Political Directorat ...

Boris Kamkov Boris Davidovich Kamkov (russian: Бори́с Дави́дович Камко́в; June 3, 1885 – August 29, 1938) was a Russian revolutionary, a leader of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries and a member of the Council of People's Commissars. H ...

Mark Natanson Mark Andreyevich Natanson (russian: Марк Андре́евич Натансо́н; party name: Bobrov) (25 December 1850 ( N.S. 6 January 1851) – 29 July 1919) was a Russian revolutionary who was one of the founders of the Circle of Tchaikov ...
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Dmitry Ivanovich Popov Dmitry Ivanovich Popov (russian: Дмитрий Иванович Попов; 1892–1921) was a Russian sailor and Left Socialist-Revolutionary that led the Left SR uprising against the Bolsheviks in July 1918. Following the suppression of the up ...

Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov (russian: Михаи́л Арте́мьевич Муравьёв) ( – July 11, 1918) was a Russian officer who changed sides during the time of the Russian civil war, Civil War. He was born in a village of Vetlu ...

Prosh Proshian Prosh Perchevich Proshian (1883 – December 16, 1918, Moscow) was an Armenian revolutionary active in the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party (left SR). In November he stood as a candidate for the Baltic Fleet electoral district during the elec ...
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Kronstadt Uprising

Stepan Petrichenko Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko (russian: link=no, Степа́н Макси́мович Петриче́нко; 1892 – June 2, 1947) was a Russian revolutionary, an anarcho-syndicalist politician, the head of the Soviet Republic of Soldiers a ...

Alexander Kozlovsky
Pavel Vilken


Independence movements


Polish Republic

Józef Piłsudski ), Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (now Lithuania) , death_date = , death_place = Warsaw, Poland , constituency = , party = None (formerly PPS) , spouse = , children = Wan ...

Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (;  – 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versaill ...

Polish Army:
Edward Rydz-Śmigły Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941; nom de guerre ''Śmigły, Tarłowski, Adam Zawisza''), also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's ...

Lucjan Żeligowski Lucjan Żeligowski (; 17 October 1865 – 9 July 1947) was a Polish-Lithuanian general, politician, military commander and veteran of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War and World War II. He is mostly remembered for his role in Żeligowski's M ...

Leonard Skierski Leonard Wilhelm Skierski (26 April 1866 – 1940) was a Polish military officer. He was a general of the Imperial Russian Army and then served in the Polish Army. He fought in World War I and in the Polish–Soviet War. He was one of fourteen ...

Władysław Sikorski Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (; 20 May 18814 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader. Prior to the First World War, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause for Polish ...

Jordan-Rozwadowski
Franciszek Latinik Franciszek Ksawery Latinik (17 July 1864 – 29 August 1949) was a Polish military officer, Colonel of Austro-Hungarian Army and Major General of the Polish Army. Graduate of the General Staff Academy in Vienna, from 1914 he was a commander of th ...

Bolesław Roja
Blue Army:
Józef Haller Józef Haller von Hallenburg (13 August 1873 – 4 June 1960) was a lieutenant general of the Polish Army, a legionary in the Polish Legions, harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the president of the Polish Scouti ...


Kingdom of Finland

C.G.E. Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, ; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. He served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918, as Regent of Finland (1918–1919), as comm ...

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (; 15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third president of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the ...

Karl Fredrik Wilkama Karl Fredrik Wilkama (27 March 1876 – 15 July 1947), born Wilkman, was a Finnish General of the Infantry. He was the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Wilkama became an officer in the Imperial Russian Army in 1899. According ...

Hannes Ignatius Johannes Ferdinand "Hannes" Ignatius (1871, Helsinki – 1941) was a Finnish soldier and a prominent advocate for Finnish independence. Biography Ignatius was the son of the Fennophile Senator, Karl Ferdinand Ignatius, and Amanda Kristina B ...

Ernst Linder Ernst Linder (25 April 1868 – 14 September 1943) was a Swedish general of Finnish descent who served in the Swedish Army from 1887 to 1918, after which he participated in the Finnish Civil War as the commander of the Satakunta and Savo ar ...

Ernst Löfström Ernst Löfström (31 May 1865 – 5 January 1937) was a Finnish general in World War I and the Finnish Civil War. He fought on the side of the whites. He died in Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and m ...

Martin Wetzer Martin Wetzer (7 August 1868 – 29 September 1954) was a Finnish jurist and general. He fought in World War I and during the Finnish Civil War fought on the side of the White movement. He also commanded Finnish volunteers in the Estonian War of ...

Hjalmar Frisell Erik Hjalmar Frisell (27 August 1880 – 27 May 1967) was a Swedish military officer and sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. During the 1918 Finnish Civil War he was the commander of the voluntary Swedish Brigade. Life ...

Hans Kalm Hans Kalm (21 April 1889 – 1 February 1981) was an Estonian soldier who served in the armies of Russian Empire, Finland and Estonia. He was also a homeopath and naturopath who took interest in alternative medicine. World War I and Finnish Civi ...


Latvia

Jānis Čakste Jānis Kristaps Čakste (14 September 1859 – 14 March 1927) was a Latvian politician and lawyer who served as the first head of an independent Latvian state as the Chairman of the People's Council (1918–1920), the Speaker of the Constitutio ...

Kārlis Ulmanis Kārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis (; 4 September 1877 – 20 September 1942) was a Latvian politician. He was one of the most prominent Latvian politicians of pre-World War II Latvia during the Interwar period of independence from November 1918 to ...

Oskars Kalpaks Oskars Kalpaks (6 January 1882–6 March 1919) was the commander of 1st Latvian Independent Battalion, also known as "Kalpaks Battalion". Kalpaks was born in a farming family. Having decided to become a soldier he completed Irkutsk military s ...

Jānis Balodis Jānis Balodis (20 February 1881 – 8 August 1965) was an army general, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Latvia (1919–1921), Minister of War (1931–1940) and politician who was one of the principal figures during the Latvian War of ...


Estonia

Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts (; – 18 January 1956) was an Estonian statesman and the country's president in 1938–1940. Päts was one of the most influential politicians of the independent democratic Republic of Estonia, and during the two decades pri ...

Andres Larka Andres Larka VR I/1 (5 March 1879 Pilistvere (now Põhja-Sakala Parish), Kreis Fellin – 8 January 1943 Malmyzh, Kirov, Soviet Union) was an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. In 1902 he grad ...

Johan Laidoner Johan Laidoner ( – 13 March 1953) was an Estonian general and statesman. He served as Commander‑in‑Chief of the Estonian Armed Forces during the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence and was among the most influential people in the Eston ...

Ernst Põdder Ernst-Johannes Põdder VR I/1 (10 February 1879 – 24 June 1932) was a famous Estonian military commander in the Estonian War of Independence. In 1900 Põdder graduated from the Vilnius Military Academy. In the Russo-Japanese war he achieved t ...


Lithuania

Antanas Smetona Antanas Smetona (; 10 August 1874 – 9 January 1944) was a Lithuanian intellectual and journalist and the first President of Lithuania from 1919 to 1920 and again from 1926 to 1940, before its occupation by the Soviet Union. He was one of the m ...

Aleksandras Stulginskis Aleksandras Stulginskis (26 February 1885 – 22 September 1969) was the second President of Lithuania (1920–1926). Stulginskis was also acting President of Lithuania for a few hours later in 1926, following a military coup that was led ...

Silvestras Žukauskas Silvestras Žukauskas ( pl, Sylwester Żukowski, russian: Сильвестр Константинович Жуковский, translit=Silvester Konstantinovich Zhukovsky; 31 December 1860 – 26 November 1937) was a Lithuanian General. He first ...


Belarusian People's Republic

Jan Sierada Ivan Mikitavič Sierada ( — after 19 November 1943), better known by the pseudonyms of Jan or Janka was a Belarusian statesman, pedagogist and writer who served as the first president of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Bi ...

Pyotra Krecheuski Piotra Krecheuski ( be, Пётра Крэчэўскі, Łacinka: Piotra Krečeŭski, russian: Пётр Антонович Кречевский; August 7, 1879 – March 8, 1928, Prague) was a Belarusian statesman and president of the Rada of the ...

Jazep Losik Jazep Losik (also known as Jazep (Yazep) Liosik; ; 18 November 1884 – 1 April 1940) was a Belarusian academic, leading figure of the independence movement and a victim of Stalin's purges. Early years Losik was born into a large farming f ...

Vaclau Lastouski Vaclaŭ Justynavič Lastoŭski (, , russian: Вацлав Усти́нович Ласто́вский), 8 November 1883 – 23 January 1938) was a leading figure of the Belarusian independence movement in the early 20th century and the Prime Min ...

Kyprian Kandratovich Kyprian Antonovich Kandratovich ( be, Кіпрыян Кандратовіч, Kipryjan Kandratovič, April 29, 1859 – October 31, 1932) was an Imperial Russian corps commander and the appointed commander of the armed forces of the short-lived Bel ...

Kastuś Jezavitaŭ Kastuś Jezavitaŭ (also known as Kanstantyn Jezavitau (Ezavitaŭ), ; russian: Константи́н Бори́сович Езови́тов; 17 November 1893 - 23 May 1946) was a political and military leader within the Belarusian independence ...

Anton Luckievich Anton Luckievič ( Belarusian: Антон Луцкевіч; 29 January 1884 - 23 March 1942) was a leading figure of the Belarusian independence movement in the early 20th century, an initiator of the proclamation of the independence of Belarus, t ...

Alés Harun Alés Harun ( be, Алесь Гарун) born as Aljaksandr Uladzimiravič Prušynski ( be, Аляксандр Уладзіміравіч Прушынскі; 11 March 1887 in Minsk – 28 July 1920 in Kraków) was a Belarusian poet, prose wr ...
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Francišak Kušal Francišak Kušal ( be, Францішак Кушаль, pl, Franciszek Kuszel), also Frantsishak Kushal, Franz Kushel (February 16, 1895, Piaršai, Russian Empire - May 1969, Rochester, New York, United States) was a Belarusian and Polish mili ...

Paval Zhauryd Paval Zhauryd (1889 in Žaǔryd – 1939 in be, Павал Жаўрыд) was a Belarusian military commander. Zhauryd was born in the village of Cieciarouka near Slutsk and graduated from the Slutsk Gymnasium in 1909. As a student of the Gymnas ...

Bułak-Bałachowicz


Crimean People's Republic

Noman Çelebicihan Noman Çelebicihan ( crh, نعمان چلبى جهان, ''Numan Çelebicihan''; 1885 – 23 February 1918) was a Crimean Tatar politician, lawyer, mufti of Crimean Muslims, and writer. He was the President of the short-lived independent Crimean ...

Cafer Qırımer


Democratic Republic of Georgia

Noe Ramishvili Noe Besarionis dze Ramishvili ( ka, ნოე რამიშვილი; his name is also transliterated as ''Noah'' or ''Noi''; 5 April 1881 – 7 December 1930) was a Georgian politician and the president of the first government of the Democ ...

Noe Zhordania Noe Zhordania ( ka, ნოე ჟორდანია /nɔɛ ʒɔrdɑniɑ/; russian: Ной Никола́евич Жорда́ния; born (or ) — January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and Menshevik politician. He played an eminent role ...

Giorgi Kvinitadze Giorgi Kvinitadze ( ka, გიორგი კვინიტაძე; russian: Георгий Иванович Квинитадзе, ''Georgy Ivanovich Kvinitadze''; his real surname was House of Chikovani, Chikovani, ჩიქოვანი) ...

Nikolay Chkheidze Nikoloz Chkheidze ( ka, ნიკოლოზ (კარლო) ჩხეიძე; russian: Никола́й (Карло) Семёнович Чхеи́дзе, translit=Nikolay (Karlo) Semyonovich Chkheidze) commonly known as Karlo Chkheidze ( ...

Giorgi Mazniashvili Giorgi Mazniashvili ( ka, გიორგი მაზნიაშვილი) (6 April 1870 – 16 December 1937) was a Georgian general and one of the most prominent military figures in the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921). During ...


Democratic Republic of Armenia

Aram Manukian Aram Manukian, reformed spelling: Արամ Մանուկյան, and he is also referred to as simply Aram. (19 March 187929 January 1919), was an Armenian revolutionary, statesman, and a leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ...
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Hovhannes Kajaznuni Hovhannes Kajaznuni or Katchaznouni (; 14 February 1868 – 15 January 1938) was an Armenian architect and politician who served as the first Prime Minister of the First Republic of Armenia from June 6, 1918 to August 7, 1919. He was a member of ...

Alexander Khatisian Alexander Khatisian (; 17 February 1874 – 10 March 1945) was an Armenian politician, doctor and journalist. Khatisian was born in Tiflis in the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire (Tbilisi, Georgia) to a prominent Armenian family of noble ...

Hamo Ohanjanyan Hamazasp "Hamo" Ohanjanyan (; 1873 – 31 July 1947) was an Armenian doctor, revolutionary, and politician of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF/Dashnaktsutiun). He served as the third Prime Minister of the First Republic of Armenia from ...

Simon Vratsian Simon Vratsian ( hy, Սիմոն Վրացեան; 1882 – 21 May 1969) was an Armenian politician and activist of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He was one of the leaders of the First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) and served as its las ...

Tovmas Nazarbekian Tovmas Nazarbekian (Armenian: Թովմաս Նազարբէկեան; 4 April 1855 – 19 February 1931), also known as Foma Nazarbekov (russian: Фома Назарбеков), was an Armenian general in the Russian Caucasus Army and later promoted ...

Andranik Ozanian Andranik Ozanian, commonly known as General Andranik or simply Andranik;. Also spelled Antranik or Antranig 25 February 186531 August 1927), was an Armenians, Armenian military commander and statesman, the best known ''Armenian fedayi, fedayi ...

Garegin Nzhdeh Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan, better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Garegin Nzhdeh ( hy, Գարեգին Նժդեհ, ; 1 January 1886 – 21 December 1955), was an Armenian statesman, military commander and political thinker. As a member of the Arme ...

Drastamat Kanayan Drastamat Kanayan (; 31 May 1884 8 March 1956), better known as Dro (Դրօ), was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He briefly served as Defence Minister of the First Republic ...

Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan or Silikov (, ; 14 September 1862 – 22 November 1937) was an Armenian general who served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and later in the army of the First Republic of Armenia. He is regarded as a national hero i ...


Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan

Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Mulla Alekber oghlu Rasulzade ( az, Мәһәммәд Әмин Ахунд Һаҹы Молла Әләкбәр оғлу Рәсулзадә, italic=no, Məhəmməd Əmin Axund Hacı Molla Ələkbər oğlu Rəsulzadə, ; tr ...

Fatali Khan Khoyski
Nasib Yusifbeyli Nasib bey Yusif bey oghlu Yusifbeyli ( az, Nəsib bəy Yusif bəy oğlu Yusifbəyli) or Usubbeyov ( az, Usubbəyov ; 5 July 1881, Ganja - 31 May 1920) - Azerbaijani publicist, statesman and major political figure in Azerbaijan Democratic Republi ...

Mammad Hasan Hajinski Mammad Hasan Jafargulu oglu Hajinski ( az, Məmməd Həsən Cəfərqulu oğlu Hacınski; March 3, 1875 – February 9, 1931) was an Azerbaijani architect and statesman. He also served as a Minister for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Rep ...

Khosrow Sultanov
Samad Mehmandarov


Ukrainian People's Republic

Central Council of Ukraine:
Mykhailo Hrushevsky Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...

Directorate of Ukraine:
Volodymyr Vynnychenko Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko ( ua, Володимир Кирилович Винниченко, – March 6, 1951) was a Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright, artist, who served as the first Prime Minister of Ukraine. ...

Symon Petliura Symon Vasylyovych Petliura ( uk, Си́мон Васи́льович Петлю́ра; – May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He became the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army and the President of the Ukrainian People' ...

Ukrainian Army:
Mykola Porsh Mykola Volodymyrovych Porsh ( uk, Микола Володимирович Порш) was a political and civil activist of Ukraine, economist, member of the Russian Constituent Assembly. He was a prominent activist of the Revolutionary Ukrainian ...

Ivan Nemolovsky Ivan () is a Slavic male given name, connected with the variant of the Greek name (English: John) from Hebrew meaning 'God is gracious'. It is associated worldwide with Slavic countries. The earliest person known to bear the name was Bulgari ...

Oleksandr Zhukovsky Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

Petro Bolbochan Petro Bolbochan (October 5, 1883, Yarivka village (Romanian: Hâjdeul de Sus), now Dnistrovskyi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast - June 28, 1919, Balyn village, now Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast) was a Ukrainian military figure of Romanian ...

Zurab Natiev
Oleksander Hrekov Oleksander Petrovych Hrekov ( uk, Олександр Петрович Греков) (4 December 1875 – 2 December 1958) was a general of the Imperial Russian Army, Ukrainian People's Army, military professor and one of the most prominent persona ...

Vsevolod Petriv Vsevolod Petriv ( uk, Всеволод Миколайович Петрів, January 12, 1883 – July 10, 1948) was a colonel of the Imperial Russian Army, General and Head of the Staff of the Ukrainian People's Army (or Ukrainian National Army), ...

Yevhen Konovalets Yevhen Mykhailovych Konovalets ( uk, Євген Михайлович Коновалець; June 14, 1891 – May 23, 1938), also anglicized as Eugene Konovalets, was a military commander of the Ukrainian National Republic army, veteran of the Uk ...

Mykola Yunakiv Mykola Yunakiv ( uk, Микола Юнаків) (December 6, 1871 Chuhuiv, Kharkov Governorate – August 1, 1931 Tarnów, Poland) was a Ukrainian general, military pedagogue. He was a general in the army of the Russian Empire and the Ukrainian P ...

Volodymyr Salsky Volodymyr Petrovych Salsky ( uk, Володимир Петрович Сальський) (July 24, 1885 in Ostroh, Volhynian Governorate – October 5, 1940 in Warsaw) was a Ukrainian general, minister of defense, head of the Ukrainian government i ...

Oleksandr Udovychenko Oleksandr Ivanovych Udovychenko ( uk, Олександр Іванович Удовиченко 20 February; 1887 - 19 April 1975) was a general of the Army of the Ukrainian National Republic and a military administrator. Later, he served as the V ...

Mykola Kapustiansky Mykóla Oleksándrovyč Kapustjáns’kyj ( uk, Мико́ла Олекса́ндрович Капустя́нський) (February 1, 1879 – February 19, 1969) was a General in the army of the Ukrainian National Republic and one of the founders ...

Sergei Delwig
Iwan Omelianowicz-Pawlenko
Yuriy Tyutyunnyk Yuriy (Yurko) Yosipovich Tyutyunnyk ( uk, Юрій Тютюнник) (20 April 1891 in Budyshche, Pendivsky district, Zvenyhorodka county, Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (currently Zvenyhorodka Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine) – 20 Oct ...

Vasyl Tyutyunnyk #
Galician Army:
Myron Tarnavsky Myron Tarnavsky ( uk, Мирон Тарнавський (August 29, 1869 in Baryliv, Galicia, Austria-Hungary now Ukraine – June 29, 1938 in Lviv), was a supreme commander of the Ukrainian Galician Army, the military of the West Ukrainian ...

Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko ( uk, Михайло Омелянович Павленко; 8 December 1878 – 29 May 1952) was the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Galician Army (UHA) and of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Lat ...

Osip Mikitka
Dmytro Vitovsky Dmytro Vitovsky ( uk, Дмитро Вітовський) (8 November 1887 – 2 or 4 August 1919) was a Ukrainian politician and military leader. Vitovsky was born into a family of gentry. in the village of Medukha in Galicia (today in Ivano-Fran ...

Antin Kraws
Archduke Wilhelm
Ukrainian Navy:
Sviatoslav Shramchenko
Wołodymyr Sawczenko-Bilski
Mikhail Belinsky
Far Eastern Ukrainian Army:
Yuri Hlushko-Mova


Ukrainian State

Pavlo Skoropadskyi Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi ( uk, Павло Петрович Скоропадський, Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi; – 26 April 1945) was a Ukrainian aristocrat, military and state leader, decorated Imperial Russian Army and Ukrainian Army ...

Alexander Ragoza Alexander Frantsevich Ragoza (russian: Алекса́ндр Фра́нцевич Рагоза́, uk, Олександр Францевич Рогоза; 20 June .S. 8 June1858 – 29 June 1919), in Ukrainian Oleksandr Frantsevych Rohoza, was ...


Emirate of Bukhara

Mohammed Alim Khan Emir Sayyid Mir Muhammad Alim Khan ( uz, Said Mir Muhammad Olimxon, 3 January 1880 – 28 April 1944) was the last emir of the Uzbek Manghit dynasty, rulers of the Emirate of Bukhara in Central Asia. Although Bukhara was a protectorate of the R ...


Khanate of Khiva

Isfandiyar Khan Isfandiyar Khan, or Asfandiyar Khan ( uz, Isfandiyar-Xon; russian: Асфандияр-хан; 1871 – 1 October 1918), born Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, was the Khan of Khiva between September 1910 and 1 October 1918, the 53rd Khan of Khiva, and t ...

Sayid Abdullah Sayid Abdullah (1873–1933) was the last Khan of Khiva of the Khongirad (Qungrat) dynasty, from 1 October 1918 until 1 February 1920. His father was Muhammad Rahim Khan II. Sayid Abdullah had no real power (titular ruler), because the Khanate ...

Junaid Khan Junaid Khan may refer to: * Junaid Khan (de facto ruler of Khiva), political leader in the Khanate of Khiva and the Basmachi movement *Junaid Khan (cricketer), Pakistani cricketer *Junaid Khan (actor) Junaid Khan (born as Junaid Khan Niazi 2 ...


Basmachi Movement

Enver Pasha İsmail Enver, better known as Enver Pasha ( ota, اسماعیل انور پاشا; tr, İsmail Enver Paşa; 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer, revolutionary, and convicted war criminal who formed one-third ...

Selim Pasha
Ibrahim Bek Ibrahim Bek (1889 – 31 August 1931) was a leader of the Basmachi movement. He was a member of the Uzbek Lakai tribe in Eastern Bukhara and led an organized resistance against the Soviet military in the early 1920s. A religious conservative and ...

Muhiddinbek
Mandamin Bek
Irgash Bey
Faizal Maksum Faizal Maksum was one of the leaders of an anti-Soviet group known as the Basmachi and led an organized resistance against the Soviet military occupation of Central Asia in the 1920s. Maksum was loyal to the ousted Emir of Bukhara and operated pri ...


Mongolia

Bogd Khan Bogd Khan, , ; ( – 20 May 1924) was the khan of the Bogd Khaganate from 1911 to 1924, following the state's ''de facto'' independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution. Born in Tibet, he was the third most importa ...


Allied Expeditionary Forces


United States

William S. Graves Major General William Sidney Graves (27 March 1865 – 27 February 1940) was a United States Army officer who commanded American forces in Siberia during the Siberian Expedition, part of the Allied Intervention in Russia, towards the end of Worl ...

George E. Stewart
Robert L. Eichelberger Robert Lawrence Eichelberger (9 March 1886 – 26 September 1961) was a general officer in the United States Army who commanded the Eighth United States Army in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Southwest Pacific Area during Wo ...


British Empire

Edmund Ironside Edmund Ironside (30 November 1016; , ; sometimes also known as Edmund II) was King of the English from 23 April to 30 November 1016. He was the son of King Æthelred the Unready and his first wife, Ælfgifu of York. Edmund's reign was marred by ...

Alfred Knox Major-General Sir Alfred William Fortescue Knox (30 October 1870 – 9 March 1964) was a career British military officer and later a Conservative Party politician. Military career Born in Ulster, Knox joined the British Army when he attended th ...

Frederick Poole Major General Sir Frederick Cuthbert Poole, (3 August 1869 – 20 December 1936) was a British Army officer of the First World War and a Conservative parliamentary candidate. Career Poole attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and was ...

Wilfrid Malleson Major-General Sir Wilfrid Malleson (8 September 1866 – 24 January 1946) was a major-general in the British Indian Army who led a mission to Turkestan during the Russian Civil War. Life Malleson born in Baldersby, Yorkshire. was commission ...

Frederick Bailey
Lionel Dunsterville Major General Lionel Charles Dunsterville, (9 November 1865 – 18 March 1946) was a British Army officer, who led Dunsterforce across present-day Iraq and Iran towards the Caucasus and Baku during the First World War. Early life Lionel Charles ...

James H. Elmsley Major-General James Harold Elmsley, (October 13, 1878 January 3, 1954) was a Canadian military officer who served with the Royal Canadian Dragoons in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Later in the war, he would command ...


France

Maurice Janin Pierre-Thiébaut-Charles-Maurice Janin (October 19, 1862, Paris – April 28, 1946) was a French general (from April 20, 1916) and military commander who was the chief of the Allied military mission in Siberia during the Russian Civil War. As s ...

Louis d'Espèrey
Henri Berthelot Henri Mathias Berthelot (7 December 1861 – 29 January 1931) was a French general during World War I. He held an important staff position under Joseph Joffre, the French commander-in-chief, at the First Battle of the Marne, before later commandi ...

Philippe d'Anselme


Empire of Japan

Otani Kikuzo Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Otani participated in the First Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War, World War I and the Russian Civil War. During the course of the latter he commanded the Vladivostok Expeditionary Force an ...

Yui Mitsue was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. Biography Yui was born in Tosa Domain (present day Kōchi Prefecture) in what is now part of the city of Kōchi, where is father was a samu ...


Greece

Konstantinos Nider Konstantinos Nider ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Νίδερ, 1865–1942) was a Hellenic Army officer, who rose to the rank of lieutenant general and distinguished himself during the First World War and the subsequent Asia Minor Campaign. Biogra ...


Romania

Ernest Broșteanu Ernest Broșteanu (January 24, 1869 June 6, 1932) was a Romanian general during World War I, best known for his leading role in the 1918 Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia. Early life He was born on January 24, 1869, in Roman, Neamț ...


Central Powers intervention


German Empire

Paul von Hindenburg Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (; abbreviated ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany fro ...

Erich Ludendorff Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, politician and military theorist. He achieved fame during World War I for his central role in the German victories at Liège and Tannenberg in 1914. ...

Max Hoffmann Carl Adolf Maximilian Hoffmann (25 January 1869 – 8 July 1927) was a German military strategist. As a staff officer at the beginning of World War I, he was Deputy Chief of Staff of the 8th Army, soon promoted Chief of Staff. Hoffmann, along w ...

Rüdiger von Goltz
Hermann von Eichhorn (13 February 1848 – 30 July 1918) was a Prussian officer, later during World War I. He was a recipient of with Oak Leaves, one of the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia and, subsequently, Imperial Germany. Biography was born ...

Robert Kosch
Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich von Kressenstein
Alfred Fletcher
Josef Bischoff
Walter von Eberhardt


Austria-Hungary

Conrad von Hötzendorf
Arthur Arz von Straußenburg, A. A. von Straußenburg


Ottoman Empire

Nuri Killigil, Nuri Pasha
Mürsel Bakû, Mürsel Bey
Kâzım Karabekir
Cevat Çobanlı
Muzaffer Kılıç


References

{{Russian Revolution 1917 Russian Civil War People of the Russian Civil War