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Iuda Grossman
Juda Solomonovich Grossman (7 February 1883 – 6 June 1934) was a Ukrainian revolutionary anarchist, journalist and literary critic. Biography Juda Solomonovich Grossman was born into a Jewish merchant family in Kherson. At the age of 15 he became a Social Democrat and was arrested several times. Juda was influenced by his older brother Abram Grossman, who in 1897 formed the Elisavetgrad circle of the South Russian Workers' Union, which included uda. Abram and Juda were arrested in 1898. From 1899, Juda lived in the town of Novoukrainka and was under police surveillance. In the summer of 1902, Juda Grossman emigrated to Europe, where he established contacts with Russian emigrants - the Social Democrats. In 1903, in London, he moved to an anarchist platform and joined an anarchist group led by Peter Kropotkin. In London, he contacted the Federation of Jewish Anarchists and published his articles in the newspaper of the Federation ''Freedom''. He then moved onto Germany and Switz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novoukrainka
Novoukrainka (, russian: Новоукраи́нка) is a city in Kirovohrad Oblast (oblast, province) of Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Novoukrainka Raion. It hosts the administration of Novoukrainka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: History Former settlement in Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire. A local newspaper is published here since March 1930. City since 1938.Новоукраинка // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 2. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.42 During World War II, the city was occupied by German troops from August 5, 1941 to March 17, 1944. In 1989 population was 20 675 people. References {{Authority control Cities in Kirovohrad Oblast Cities of district significance in Ukraine Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Kropotkin
Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (; russian: link=no, Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин ; 9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist, socialist, revolutionary, historian, scientist, philosopher, and activist who advocated anarcho-communism. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, Kropotkin attended a military school and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions. He was imprisoned for his activism in 1874 and managed to escape two years later. He spent the next 41 years in exile in Switzerland, France (where he was imprisoned for almost four years) and England. While in exile, he gave lectures and published widely on anarchism and geography. Kropotkin returned to Russia after the Russian Revolution in 1917, but he was disappointed by the Bolshevik state. Kropotkin was a proponent of a decentralised communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernoe Znamia
''Chernoe Znamia'' (or Chornoe Znamia) (russian: Чёрное знамя, en, The Black Banner), known as the ''Chernoznamentsy'', was a Russian anarchist communist organisation. It emerged in 1903 as a federation of cadres. It took its name, "The Black Banner", from the Anarchist symbols#Black flag, black flag, the use of which as a symbol of anarchism in Russia, according to ''An Anarchist FAQ'', coincided with its founding. Composition The largest collection of anarchist terrorists in Imperial Russia, ''Chernoe Znamia'' attracted its strongest following in the western and southern provinces at the frontier of the Empire, including nearly all anarchists in Białystok. Their ranks included mostly students, factory workers and artisans, though there were also peasants, unemployed labourers, drifters, and self-professed Übermensch, Nietzschean supermen. Ethnically, Jews predominated, and many members were of Ukrainian, Polish and Great Russian nationality. The typical age of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1905 Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed against the Tsar, nobility, and ruling class. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies. In response to the public pressure, Tsar Nicholas II enacted some constitutional reform (namely the October Manifesto). This took the form of establishing the State Duma, the multi-party system, and the Russian Constitution of 1906. Despite popular participation in the Duma, the parliament was unable to issue laws of its own, and frequently came into conflict with Nicholas. Its power was limited and Nicholas continued to hold the ruling authority. Furthermore, he could dissolve the Duma, which he often did. The 1905 revolution was primarily spurred by the international humiliation as a result of the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Terror
Revolutionary terror, also referred to as revolutionary terrorism or a reign of terror, refers to the institutionalized application of force to counterrevolutionaries, particularly during the French Revolution from the years 1793 to 1795 (see the Reign of Terror). The term "Communist terrorism" has also been used to describe the revolutionary terror, from the Red Terror in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) to the reign of the Khmer Rouge and others. In contrast, "reactionary terror", such as White Terror, has been used to subdue revolutions. Origins, evolution and history German Social Democrat Karl Kautsky traces the origins of revolutionary terror to the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution. Vladimir Lenin considered the Jacobin use of terror as a needed virtue and accepted the label Jacobin for his Bolsheviks.Schwab, Gail M., and John R. JeanneneyThe French Revolution of 1789 and its impact p. 277-278, Greenwood Publishing Group 1995 However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bread And Freedom
Bread and Freedom (russian: Хлеб и Воля, translit=Khleb i Volia) was a group of communist anarchists that had a great influence on the revolutionary movement in Russia. History The forerunner of the "Bread and Freedom" group was the "Group of Russian Anarchists Abroad", founded in 1900 in Geneva by Russian anarchist emigrants. The organization called for the overthrow of the autocracy and social revolution. Its leaders were Mendel Dainov, Georgy and Lydia Gogelia. In 1903, the Gogelia couple created a group of communist anarchists in Geneva called Bread and Freedom. The "Khlebovoltsy", with the support of Peter Kropotkin, M. I. Goldsmit and Varlam Cherkezishvili, managed in the same year to organize the publication of the first Russian anarchist printed organ abroad - the newspaper ''Bread and Freedom''. In 1904 and in the first months of the 1905 Russian Revolution, almost all anarchist groups consisted of followers of the Khlebovoltsy theory of anarchist communism. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva, Republic and Canton of Geneva. The city of Geneva () had a population 201,818 in 2019 (Jan. estimate) within its small municipal territory of , but the Canton of Geneva (the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs) had a population of 499,480 (Jan. 2019 estimate) over , and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French Departments of France, departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie the cross-border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat, which extends over ,As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ROSSPEN
ROSSPEN or Political Encyclopedia Publishers (russian: РОССПЭН, Издательство «Политическая энциклопедия») is a Russian academic publisher. It is a major publisher of archival materials and research works in history of Russia and the Soviet Union. /ref> Its major works include the 100-volume series ''History of '' ("История сталинизма") (shortlisted for the International Freedom to Publish Award, |
Expropriation
Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets or to assets owned by lower levels of government (such as municipalities) being transferred to the state. Nationalization contrasts with privatization and with demutualization. When previously nationalized assets are privatized and subsequently returned to public ownership at a later stage, they are said to have undergone renationalization. Industries often subject to nationalization include the commanding heights of the economy – telecommunications, electric power, fossil fuels, railways, airlines, iron ore, media, postal services, banks, and water – though, in many jurisdictions, many such entities have no history of private ownership. Nationalization may occur with or without financial compensation to the former owners. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral country, neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during The Troubles, the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the 2001 September 11 attacks in the United States. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a Loaded language, charged term. It is often used with the connotation of some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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