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Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov
Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov (russian: Алексе́й Ива́нович Автоно́мов) (1890–1919) was a Russian Red Army military commander during the Russian Civil War. Avtonomov was a Kuban Cossack. He fought in World War I with the rank of Cornet (sub-lieutenant) but rose quickly during the Civil War. In January 1918, Avtonomov was made Commander of the South-Eastern Revolutionary Army, then based near the city of Tikhoretsk in the Krasnodar Krai. From April 9 to April 13, 1918 Avtonomov led the successful defense of the city of Ekaterinodar in the Kuban area of southern Russia against Kornilov's anti-Soviet Volunteer Army and in which Kornilov was killed. For a short period in April and May 1918, Avtonomov was commander of the Army of the Northern Caucasus and Chief of the Armed Forces of the Kuban Soviet Republic. He waged a bitter struggle with the civil authorities of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, in which he supported the military commanders, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Army (RSFSR)
The 11th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which fought on the Caspian-Caucasian Front. It took a prominent part in the sovietization of the three republics of the southern Caucasus in 1920–21, when Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia were brought within the orbit of Soviet Russia. Russian Civil War Since the Russian Republic's Caucasus Front (April 1917 - March 1918) dissolved, it did not have a true successor organization. The Army of the North Caucasus, which was renamed 11th Army on October 3, 1918, constituted the main army of the Russian Republic in the area during the Russian Civil War. During the Russian Civil War the 11th Army fought against the White troops of General Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army in the western part of the North Caucasus. It was the main strength of the Caspian-Caucasian Army Group. In January 1919, the front of 200 miles held by the Red troops along the Caucasus foothills and South Russian steppes was cut into two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1890 Births
Year 189 ( CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 189 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Plague (possibly smallpox) kills as many as 2,000 people per day in Rome. Farmers are unable to harvest their crops, and food shortages bring riots in the city. China * Liu Bian succeeds Emperor Ling, as Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty. * Dong Zhuo has Liu Bian deposed, and installs Emperor Xian as emperor. * Two thousand eunuchs in the palace are slaughtered in a violent purge in Luoyang, the capital of Han. By topic Arts and sciences * Galen publishes his ''"Treatise on the various temperaments"'' (aka ''O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is due to ''Rickettsia prowazekii'' spread by body lice, scrub typhus is due to ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'' spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is due to ''Rickettsia typhi'' spread by fleas. Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available. Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. While once common, it is now rare. Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia. Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budyonnovsk
Budyonnovsk (russian: Будённовск) is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Population: History The town was founded in 1799 by Armenian settlers from Derbent. During World War II, Budyonnovsk was occupied by German troops from August 18, 1942 to January 10, 1943. The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place here in June 1995. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Budyonnovsk serves as the administrative center of Budyonnovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.Resolution #63-p As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of krai significance of Budyonnovsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of krai significance of Budyonnovsk is incorporated within Budyonnovsky Municipal District as Budyonnovsk Urban Settlement.Law #88-kz Climate Budyonnovsk has a humid continental climate (Köppen: ''Dfa'') with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terek River
The Terek (; , Tiyrk; , Tərč; , ; , ; , ''Terk''; , ; , ) is a major river in the Northern Caucasus. It originates in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia (country), Georgia and flows through North Caucasus region of Russia into the Caspian Sea. It rises near the juncture of Caucasus Mountains, the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the Khokh Range, to the southwest of Mount Kazbek, winding north in a white torrent between the town of Stepantsminda and the village of Gergeti toward the Russian region North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz. It turns east to flow through Chechnya and Dagestan before Water divide, dividing into two branches which empty into the Caspian Sea. Below the city of Kizlyar it forms a swampy river delta around wide. The river is a key natural asset in the region, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power in its upper reaches. The main cities on the Terek include Vladikavkaz, Mozdok, and Kizlyar. Several minor Hydroelectricity, hydroelectric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Snesarev
Andrei Evgenyevich Snesarev (13 December 1865, Staraya Kalitva, – 4 December 1937, Moscow) was a Russian linguist, orientalist and military leader. Andrei was the son of a Russian Orthodox priest. After attending gymnasium school at Novocherkassk in 1888 he started to studied mathematics at Moscow University. As part of his obligatory military service he gained a commission in the infantry following a period at the Alekseyevsky Junkers Infantry Academy. He soon decided on a military career and attended the Nicholas General Staff Academy. He was then sent to India and also studied at the British Museum, London. An English translation of his book ''Afghanistan'' published in 1921 was published in England in 1924. The book consists of a written version of the lectures he delivered to the Oriental Section of the Military Academy of the Red Army between autumn 1919 and spring 1920. In 1910 he became Chief of Staff of the 2nd Combined Cossack Division. Final Years and Death I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sorokin
Ivan Lukich Sorokin (4 December 1884 - 3 November 1918) was a Russian military leader and participant in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, and the Russian Civil War. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army of the North Caucasus and Commander of the 11th Red Army. Working his way up through the ranks, he was eventually commissioned as an officer. Sorokin arranged the execution of his rival commander, Ivan Matveyev, on 7 October 1918. Following the execution, Sorokin established a reign of terror that demoralized the Red armies in the North Caucasus, which caused him to be declared a traitor on 27 October. He was subsequently assassinated on 2 November 1918.Peter Kenez, ''Red Attack, White Resistance'', p. 188. Biography Early life and education A cossack from the Kuban region, Sorokin graduated from the Yekaterinodar military paramedic school and became a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in April 1917. First World War During the First World War he served ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
The Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic (May 30 – July 6, 1918) was a short-lived republic of the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Yekaterinodar, now known as Krasnodar. It was created by merging the Black Sea Soviet Republic and Kuban Soviet Republic. Later, it was itself merged into the North Caucasian Soviet Republic North Caucasian Soviet Republic (, ''Severo-Kavkazskaya Sovetskaya Respublika'') (July 7–December, 1918) was a territory in the North Caucasus established to consolidate Soviet power during the Russian Civil War. A republic of the Russian .... The leader of the republic was Avran Rubin. Subdivisions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic History of Kuban Early Soviet republics Post–Russian Empire states States and territories established in 1918 Former socialist republics Russian-speaking countries and territories {{Soviet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuban Soviet Republic
The Kuban Soviet Republic (April 13 – May 30, 1918) was part of Soviet Russia within the general territory of the Kuban.Evan Mawdsley (2008) ''The Russian Civil War''. Edinburgh, Birlinn: 26-7 Its capital was Yekaterinodar. It was merged into the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic The Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic (May 30 – July 6, 1918) was a short-lived republic of the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Yekaterinodar, now known as Krasnodar Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Красн ... on May 30, 1918, less than 2 months after it was formed. References Subdivisions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic History of Kuban Early Soviet republics Russian-speaking countries and territories States and territories established in 1918 Former socialist republics Post–Russian Empire states {{Russia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1920. The Volunteer Army fought against Bolsheviks on the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. In 1919 it was made part of the Armed Forces of South Russia, becoming the largest force of the White movement until it was merged with the Army of Wrangel in March 1920. History Formation The Volunteer Army began forming in November/December 1917 under the leadership of General Mikhail Alekseyev and General Lavr Kornilov in Novocherkassk, shortly after the Russian Civil War began following the October Revolution. It organized to fight against the Bolsheviks in South Russia. Alekseyev and Kornilov enlisted supporters, which initially included volunteering officers, cadets, students, and Cossacks. Of the first 3,000 rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
