Karl W. Freund,

A.S.C. The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinema ...

(January 16, 1890 – May 3, 1969) was an Austrian

cinematographer The cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the person responsible for the photographing or recording of a film, television production, music video or other live action piece. The cinematographer is the ch ...

and

film director A film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, p ...

best known for photographing ''

Metropolis A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. A big c ...

'' (1927), ''

Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taking ...

'' (1931), and television's ''

I Love Lucy ''I Love Lucy'' is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes, spanning six seasons. The show starred Lucille Ball, her husband, Desi Arnaz, along with ...

'' (1951-1957). Freund was an innovator in the field of cinematography and is credited with the invention of the

unchained camera technique The unchained camera technique ( in German) was an innovation by cinematographer Karl Freund that allowed for filmmakers to get shots from cameras in motion enabling them to use pan shots, tracking shots, tilts, crane shots, etc. The technique wa ...

Early life

Karl Freund was born in Dvůr Králové (Königinhof),

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

. When he was 11 his family moved to Berlin. His career began in 1905 when, at age 15, he was hired as an apprentice projectionist for

Alfred Duskes Alfred Duskes (1881-1918) was a German film producer and director. He was one of the German pioneers of the silent era, setting up his first production company in 1905. In 1912 he founded the original Tempelhof Studios The Tempelhof Studios a ...

films. In 1907, he began work at the International Cinematograph and Light Effect Society. Freund was drafted by the Imperial Army to fight in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

but was released from duty after only three months.

Early film career

Freund began his film career in 1905. He was a newsreel cameraman in 1907 and a year later was working for

Sascha-Film Sascha-Film, in full Sascha-Filmindustrie AG and from 1933 Tobis-Sascha-Filmindustrie AG, was the largest Austrian film production company of the silent film and early sound film period. History The business was established in 1910 by Alexande ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. In 1911, Freund moved to Belgrade to create a film laboratory for the Brothers Savic. Freund worked as a cinematographer on over 100 films, including the

German Expressionist German Expressionism () consisted of several related creative movements in Germany before the First World War that reached a peak in Berlin during the 1920s. These developments were part of a larger Expressionist movement in north and central ...

films '' The Golem'' (1920) and '' The Last Laugh'' (1924). Freund worked with director Fritz Lang on a multiple projects, of which ''

'' (1927) is the best known. Freund co-wrote, and was cinematographer on, '' Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis'' (1927), directed by

Walter Ruttmann Walter Ruttmann (28 December 1887 – 15 July 1941) was a German cinematographer and film director, an important German abstract experimental film maker, along with Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger. He is best known for direc ...

. Between 1926 and 1929, Freund was the production head at Fox Europa Film. Freund's only known film as an actor is

Carl Theodor Dreyer Carl Theodor Dreyer (; 3 February 1889 – 20 March 1968), commonly known as Carl Th. Dreyer, was a Danish film director and screenwriter. Widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, his movies are noted for their emotional aus ...

's ''

Michael Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name "Michael" * Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...

'' (1924) in which he appears as a sycophantic art dealer who saves the tobacco ashes dropped by a famous painter.

Innovation in Cinematography

Early in his career Freund began to experiment with different ways of filming and new aspects of film. In 1914 he worked with

Oskar Messter Oskar Messter (21 November 1866 – 6 December 1943) was a German inventor and film tycoon in the early years of cinema. His firm Messter Film was one of the dominant German producers before the rise of UFA, into which it was ultimately merg ...

, a pioneering inventor and experimenter with

sound film A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before ...

technology. The Unchained Camera Karl Freund is the inventor of the

unchained camera Unchained may refer to: Film and TV * ''Unchained'' (film), a 1955 American prison film * ''The Man Who Broke 1,000 Chains'' or ''Unchained'', a 1987 film * "Unchained" (''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''), a 2005 episode of ''Law & Order: Crimin ...

. With its first appearance in ''

Der letzte Mann ''The Last Laugh'' (german: Der letzte Mann, ) is a 1924 German silent film directed by German director F. W. Murnau from a screenplay written by Carl Mayer. The film stars Emil Jannings and Maly Delschaft. Stephen Brockmann summarized the film' ...

'', the unchained camera was a revolution in early film. For the first time, the camera was free of the tripod and could move around the set. Because it was no longer confined to one position, thousands of new shots were possible. Freund was known to wear the camera on his stomach and walk around while it was filming. He would also put the camera on a cart that moved along a track. Several other innovative ways of moving the camera were introduced by Freund, including putting the camera on a crane.

American film and television career

Freund immigrated to the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

in 1929, where he continued to shoot well-remembered films such as ''

'' (1931) and ''

Key Largo Key Largo ( es, Cayo Largo) is an island in the upper Florida Keys archipelago and is the largest section of the keys, at long. It is one of the northernmost of the Florida Keys in Monroe County, and the northernmost of the keys connected b ...

'' (1948). His work on ''Dracula'' came under a mostly disorganized shoot, with the usually meticulous director

Tod Browning Tod Browning (born Charles Albert Browning Jr.; July 12, 1880 – October 6, 1962) was an American film director, film actor, screenwriter, vaudeville performer, and carnival sideshow and circus entertainer. He directed a number of films of vari ...

leaving cinematographer Freund to take over during much of filming, making Freund something of an uncredited director on the film. He won an

Academy Award for Best Cinematography The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular motion picture. History In its first film season, 1927–28, this award (like others such as the acting awards) ...

for ''

The Good Earth ''The Good Earth'' is a historical fiction novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 that dramatizes family life in a Chinese village in the early 20th century. It is the first book in her ''House of Earth'' trilogy, continued in ''Sons'' (1932) ...

'' (1937). Freund-Karloff-The-Mummy-1932

Between 1921 and 1935, Freund directed 10 films, of which the best known are probably his two credited

horror film Horror is a film genre that seeks to elicit fear or disgust in its audience for entertainment purposes. Horror films often explore dark subject matter and may deal with transgressive topics or themes. Broad elements include monsters, apoca ...

s, ''

The Mummy A mummy is an unusually well preserved corpse. Mummy or The Mummy may also refer to: Places *Mummy Range, a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado in the United States *Mummy Cave, a rock shelter and archeological site in Par ...

'' (1932) starring

Boris Karloff William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff (), was an English actor. His portrayal of Frankenstein's monster in the horror film ''Frankenstein'' (1931) (his 82nd film) established h ...

, and his last film as director, ''

Mad Love __NOTOC__ Mad Love may refer to: Books *''Mad Love'' (French ''L'amour fou''), collection of poems by André Breton *'' The Batman Adventures: Mad Love'', an Eisner and Harvey award-winning comic by Paul Dini and Bruce Timm * Mad Love (publisher), ...

'' (1935) starring

Peter Lorre Peter Lorre (; born László Löwenstein, ; June 26, 1904 – March 23, 1964) was a Hungarian and American actor, first in Europe and later in the United States. He began his stage career in Vienna, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, before movin ...

. Freund worked under contract for

MGM Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and abbreviated as MGM, is an American film, television production, distribution and media company owned by Amazon through MGM Holdings, founded on April 17, 1924 a ...

and

Warner Bros Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. or abbreviated as WB) is an American film and entertainment studio headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Di ...

. In 1944 he founded the Photo Research Corporation of Burbank to manufacture TV cameras and exposure meters. In an interview

Richard Brooks Richard Brooks (May 18, 1912 – March 11, 1992) was an American screenwriter, film director, novelist and film producer. Nominated for eight Academy Awards, Oscars in his career, he was best known for ''Blackboard Jungle'' (1955), ''Cat on a ...

tells a story of his interactions with Freund when they worked on the film ''

'' together. Brooks also recounted useful advice he received from Freund two years later, just before Brooks' directorial debut. Freund gave Brooks reels of 16mm film, calling them "Lesson Number One." When Brooks watched the reels at home, he saw that they were pornography. The next day, Freund explained "I produced them. My pictures, 1922. Many times you will be wondering, do you put the camera here, or up here, or down here? Maybe you make the scene a little bigger, or a little smaller. Lesson Number One. Get to the fucking point."

''I Love Lucy''

At the beginning of the 1950s, he was persuaded by

Desi Arnaz Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, and film and television producer. He played Lucy and Ricky Ricardo, Ricky Ricardo on the American television sitcom ''I Lov ...

Desilu Desilu Productions () was an American television production company founded and co-owned by husband and wife Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball. The company is best known for shows such as ''I Love Lucy'', ''The Lucy Show'', ''Mannix'', ''The Untouchabl ...

to be the cinematographer for the television series ''

'' from 1951. Critics have credited Freund for the show's lustrous

black and white Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white in a continuous spectrum, producing a range of shades of grey. Media The history of various visual media began with black and white, and as technology improved, altered to color. ...

cinematography, but more important, Freund designed the "flat lighting" system for shooting sitcoms that is still in use today. This system covers the set in light, thus eliminating shadows and allowing the use of three moving cameras without having to modify the lighting between shots. While Freund did not invent the three-camera shooting system, he did perfect it for use with film cameras in front of a live audience. The cameras that were used were BNC Mitchell cameras with T-stop calibrated lenses on dollies. The center camera was for wider shots. The other two were positioned 75 to 90 degrees away from center and were primarily used for close-ups. Despite his extensive experience in film cinematography, Freund said that switching to television was a challenge for him. Because ''I Love Lucy'' was filmed in front of a live audience there were restrictions on where the camera could be placed. Freund and his production team also worked on other sitcoms produced at/through Desilu, such as ''

Our Miss Brooks ''Our Miss Brooks'' is an American sitcom starring Eve Arden as a sardonic high-school English teacher. It began as a radio show broadcast on CBS from 1948 to 1957. When the show was adapted to television (1952–56), it became one of the medi ...

''.The Life and Films of Karl Freund, Hollywood Innovator

Personal life

In 1937, he visited Germany to bring to the United States his only daughter, Gerda Maria Freund, saving her from almost certain death in the concentration camps. His ex-wife, Susette Freund (née Liepmannssohn), remained in Germany, where she was murdered at the

Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück () was a German concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück (part of Fürstenberg/Havel). The camp memorial's estimated figure o ...

in 1942.

Selected filmography

As cinematographer * ''

The Robber Bride ''The Robber Bride'' is a Margaret Atwood novel first published by McClelland and Stewart in 1993. Plot summary Set in present-day Toronto, Ontario, the novel is about three women and their history with old friend and nemesis, Zenia. Roz, Cha ...

'' (1916) * ''

The Queen's Love Letter ''The Queen's Love Letter'' (German: ''Der Liebesbrief der Königin'') is a 1916 German silent comedy film directed by Robert Wiene and starring Henny Porten, Arthur Schröder and Rudolf Biebrach. Its story is unconnected with Wiene's film ''The ...

'' (1916) * ''

The Giant's Fist ''The Giant's Fist'' (German: ''Die Faust des Riesen'') is a 1917 German silent drama film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten and Johannes Riemann.Kreimeier p.37 The film's sets were designed by the art director Ludwig Kain ...

'' (1917) * '' Mountain Air'' (1917) * ''

The Princess of Neutralia ''The Princess of Neutralia'' (German: ''Die Prinzessin von Neutralien'') is a 1917 German silent comedy film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Paul Bildt and Hermann Picha. Plot After a wealthy young woman rejects the prop ...

'' (1917) * '' The Man in the Mirror'' (1917) * ''

The Marriage of Luise Rohrbach ''The Marriage of Luise Rohrbach'' (German: ''Die Ehe der Luise Rohrbach'') is a 1917 German silent drama film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Emil Jannings and Ludwig Trautmann. The film was based on a novel by Emmi Elert ...

'' (1917) * ''

Countess Kitchenmaid ''Countess Kitchenmaid'' (German: ''Gräfin Küchenfee'') is a 1918 Cinema of Germany, German silent film, silent comedy film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Heinrich Schroth and Martin Lübbert. While her mistress is away on ...

'' (1918) * ''

Put to the Test ''Put to the Test'' (German: ''Auf Probe gestellt'') is a 1918 German silent comedy film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Heinrich Schroth and Reinhold Schünzel.Jung & Schatzberg p.202 The film's sets were designed by th ...

'' (1918) * ''

The Victors "The Victors" is the fight song of the University of Michigan. Michigan student Louis Elbel wrote the song in 1898 after the football team's victory over the University of Chicago, which clinched an undefeated season and the Western Conferen ...

'' (1918) * ''

The Lady, the Devil and the Model ''The Lady, the Devil and the Model'' (German: ''Die Dame, der Teufel und die Probiermamsell'') is a 1918 German silent drama film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Alfred Abel and Eugen Rex.Jung & Schatzberg p.204 It was sh ...

'' (1918) * ''

The Ringwall Family ''The Ringwall Family'' (German: ''Das Geschlecht derer von Ringwall'') is a 1918 German silent film, silent drama film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Bruno Decarli and Kurt Vespermann.Jung & Schatzberg p.202 The film's set ...

'' (1918) * ''

Precious Stones A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semiprecious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, a ...

'' (1918) * ''

Agnes Arnau and Her Three Suitors ''Agnes Arnau and Her Three Suitors'' (german: Agnes Arnau und ihre drei Freier) is a 1918 German silent comedy film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten, Hermann Thimig and Kurt Ehrle.Jung & Schatzberg p. 202 The film's sets ...

'' (1918) * ''

The Blue Lantern ''The Blue Lantern'' (german: Die blaue Laterne) is a 1918 German silent drama film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten and Ferdinand von Alten Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" ...

'' (1918) * ''

Die Arche ''Die Arche'' (''The Ark'') is a 1919 silent science fiction film starring Leo Connard and directed by Richard Oswald. It is a two-part German epic based upon a novel by Werner Scheff Werner Scheff (1888–1947) was a German novelist and sc ...

'' (1919) * ''

Prostitution Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in Sex work, sexual activity in exchange for payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse, n ...

'' (1919) * ''

Intoxication Intoxication — or poisoning, especially by an alcoholic or narcotic substance — may refer to: * Substance intoxication: ** Alcohol intoxication ** LSD intoxication ** Toxidrome ** Tobacco intoxication ** Cannabis intoxication ** Cocaine i ...

'' (1919) * ''

The Night at Goldenhall ''The Night at Goldenhall'' (german: link=no, Die Nacht auf Goldenhall) is a 1920 German silent film directed by and starring Conrad Veidt.Soister p. 101 It is now considered a lost film. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert ...

'' (1920) * ''

Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...

'' (1920) * '' The Golem'' (1920) * ''

The Head of Janus ''Der Januskopf'' () is a 1920 German silent film directed by F. W. Murnau. The film was an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde''. Little is kn ...

'' (1920) * ''

The Oath of Peter Hergatz ''The Oath of Peter Hergatz'' (German: ''Der Schwur des Peter Hergatz'') is a 1921 German silent drama film directed by Alfred Halm and starring Emil Jannings, Stella Harf, and Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur. It premiered in Leipzig on 2 June 1921.Grang ...

'' (1921) * ''

Children of Darkness ''Children of Darkness'' is a 1983 American documentary film on PBS produced by Ara Chekmayan and Richard Kotuk. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. It is about mentally ill and emotionally troubled children an ...

'' (1921) * '' The Rats'' (1921) * ''

The Story of Christine von Herre ''The Story of Christine von Herre'' (german: Der Roman der Christine von Herre) is a 1921 German silent drama film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Agnes Straub, Werner Krauss, and Paul Hartmann. It was based on a novella by Heinrich Zsc ...

'' (1921) * ''

Lucrezia Borgia Lucrezia Borgia (; ca-valencia, Lucrècia Borja, links=no ; 18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was a Spanish-Italian noblewoman of the House of Borgia who was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. She reigned as the Govern ...

'' (1922) * '' Louise de Lavallière'' (1922) * '' The Last Laugh'' (1924) * ''

'' (1924) * ''

Variety Variety may refer to: Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats * Variety (radio) * Variety show, in theater and television Films * ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont * ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...

'' (1925) * ''

Tartuffe ''Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite'' (; french: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, ), first performed in 1664, is a theatrical comedy by Molière. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical thea ...

'' (1926) * ''

The Mill at Sanssouci ''The Mill at Sanssouci'' (german: Die Mühle von Sanssouci) is a 1926 German silent historical film directed by Siegfried Philippi and Frederic Zelnik and starring Otto Gebühr, Lissi Lind and Jakob Tiedtke. The film is part of the popular cycl ...

'' (1926) * ''

Out of the Mist ''Out of the Mist'' (German title: ''Der Sohn der Hagar'') is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Fritz Wendhausen and starring Mady Christians, Werner Fuetterer and Lia Eibenschütz.Grange p.253 It was shot at the Staaken Studios in Be ...

'' (1927) * ''

Doña Juana Doña Juana ( es, Volcán Doña Juana) is a stratovolcano, located within the Doña Juana-Cascabel Volcanic Complex National Natural Park ( es, Parque Nacional Natural Complejo Volcánico Doña Juana-Cascabel) in Nariño, Colombia. With a ...

'' (1927) * ''

'' (1927) * '' Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis'' (1927) * ''

A Knight in London ''A Knight in London'' (german: Eine Nacht in London) is a 1928 British-German silent drama film directed by Lupu Pick and starring Lilian Harvey, Ivy Duke and Robin Irvine. It was one of a significant number of co-productions between the tw ...

'' (1929) * '' Fräulein Else'' (1929) * ''

Sleeping Partners ''Sleeping Partners'' is a 1930 British comedy film directed by Seymour Hicks and starring Hicks, Edna Best and Lyn Harding. It is based on the 1916 play ''Let's Make a Dream'' by Sacha Guitry. It was shot at Islington Studios.Wood p. 67 Cast * ...

'' (1930) * '' Bad Sister'' (1931) * ''

'' (1931) * ''

Murders in the Rue Morgue "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in ''Graham's Magazine'' in 1841. It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his "tales of ratiocination". C. Auguste Du ...

'' (1932) * '' Back Street'' (1932) * ''

The Kiss Before the Mirror ''The Kiss Before the Mirror'' is a 1933 American pre-Code mystery film adapted from the 1932 play by Ladislas Fodor, directed by James Whale and starring Nancy Carroll, Frank Morgan, Paul Lukas, and Gloria Stuart. Plot Attorney Paul Held is ...

'' (1933) * '' Camille'' (1936) * ''

'' (1937) * '' Parnell'' (1937) * ''

Conquest Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms. Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, t ...

'' (1937) * ''

Letter of Introduction ''Letter of Introduction'' is a 1938 American comedy-drama film directed by John M. Stahl. In 1966, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after pu ...

'' (1938) * ''

Man-Proof ''Man-Proof'' is a 1938 American romantic comedy film directed by Richard Thorpe. The film is based on the 1937 novel ''The Four Marys'' written by Fannie Heaslip Lea. Plot The daughter of wealthy and famous novelist Meg Swift, Mimi is a young ...

'' (1938) * ''

Tail Spin ''Tail Spin'' (also known as ''Tailspin'') is a 1939 aviation film. The screenplay was written by Frank Wead and directed by Roy Del Ruth. It was based on the book, "Women with Wings: A novel of the modern day aviatrix" (Ganesha Publishing, 193 ...

'' (1939) * '' Golden Boy'' (1939) * ''

Rose of Washington Square ''Rose of Washington Square'' is a 1939 American musical drama film, featuring the already well-known popular song with the same title. Set in 1920s New York City, the film focuses on singer Rose Sargent and her turbulent relationship with con art ...

'' (1939) * ''

Balalaika The balalaika (russian: link=no, балала́йка, ) is a Russian stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular wooden, hollow body, fretted neck and three strings. Two strings are usually tuned to the same note and the thir ...

'' (1939) * ''

Pride and Prejudice ''Pride and Prejudice'' is an 1813 novel of manners by Jane Austen. The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreci ...

'' (1940) * ''

Green Hell Green Hell or green hell may mean: * ''Green Hell'' (film), a 1940 adventure film directed by James Whale * "Green Hell" (song), by Misfits *The traditional north loop of the Nürburgring race track *a former description of the Amazon jungle * ''Gr ...

'' (1940) * ''

Blossoms in the Dust ''Blossoms in the Dust'' is a 1941 American biographical film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Greer Garson, Walter Pidgeon, Felix Bressart, Marsha Hunt, Fay Holden and Samuel S. Hinds. It tells the true story of Edna Gladney, who helped o ...

'' (1941) * ''

Tortilla Flat ''Tortilla Flat'' (1935) is an early John Steinbeck novel set in Monterey, California. The novel was the author's first clear critical and commercial success. The book portrays a group of 'paisanos'—literally, countrymen—a small band of err ...

'' (1942) * '' Cry "Havoc"'' (1943) * ''

A Guy Named Joe ''A Guy Named Joe'' is a 1943 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Victor Fleming. The film was produced by Everett Riskin, and starred Spencer Tracy, Irene Dunne, and Van Johnson. The screenplay, written by Dalton Trumbo and Freder ...

'' (1943) * ''

Du Barry Was a Lady ''Du Barry Was a Lady'' is a Broadway musical, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and the book by Herbert Fields and Buddy DeSylva.

'' (1943) * ''

The Seventh Cross ''The Seventh Cross'' (german: Das siebte Kreuz) is a novel by Anna Seghers, one of the better-known examples of German literature circa World War II. It was first published in Mexico by ''El Libro Libre'' In 1942. The English translation came o ...

'' (1944) * '' Without Love'' (1945) * ''

The Thin Man Goes Home ''The Thin Man Goes Home'' is a 1945 comedy-mystery film directed by Richard Thorpe. It is the fifth of the six '' Thin Man'' films starring William Powell and Myrna Loy as Dashiell Hammett's dapper ex-private detective Nick Charles and his wif ...

'' (1945) * ''

A Letter for Evie ''A Letter for Evie'' is a 1946 American comedy film directed by Jules Dassin. Plot New York city girl Evie O'Connor works as a secretary for the Trojan Shirt Co. in Brooklyn. She has her mind set on finding a tall, strong man to marry - one th ...

'' (1946) * '' Undercurrent'' (1946) * ''

Two Smart People ''Two Smart People'' is a 1946 American drama film directed by Jules Dassin and starring Lucille Ball and John Hodiak, Lloyd Nolan and Hugo Haas. Plot Ace Connors (John Hodiak) is a con man who has half a million dollars in bonds hidden in a co ...

'' (1946) * ''

That Hagen Girl ''That Hagen Girl'' is a 1947 American drama film directed by Peter Godfrey. The screenplay by Charles Hoffman was based on the novel by Edith Kneipple Roberts. The film focuses on small-town teenaged girl Mary Hagen (Shirley Temple), whom gos ...

'' (1947) * ''

This Time for Keeps ''This Time for Keeps'' is a 1947 American romantic musical film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Esther Williams, Jimmy Durante, Johnnie Johnston and opera singer Lauritz Melchior. Produced by MGM, it is about a soldier, returning home f ...

'' (1947) * ''

'' (1948) * ''

South of St. Louis ''South of St Louis'' is a 1949 American Technicolor Western film directed by Ray Enright and starring Joel McCrea, Alexis Smith, Zachary Scott and Dorothy Malone. It chronicles the friendship between three ranchers after their ranch is destr ...

'' (1949) * ''

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbi ...

'' (1950) * '' Bright Leaf'' (1950) As director * ''

The Sensational Trial ''The Sensational Trial'' (german: Der große Sensationsprozeß) is a 1923 German silent film directed by Karl Freund and starring Erich Kaiser-Titz, Käthe Haack and Heinrich Schroth.Bock & Bergfelder p. 133 The film's sets were designed by the ...

'' (1923) * ''

'' (1932) * ''

Moonlight and Pretzels ''Moonlight and Pretzels'' is a 1933 American Pre-Code musical film, directed by Karl Freund, about a man who puts on a Broadway show. The film was released by Universal Studios and featured Mary Brian and William Frawley, now best-known as "Fr ...

'' (1933) * '' Madame Spy'' (1934) * '' The Countess of Monte Cristo'' (1934) * ''

Uncertain Lady ''Uncertain Lady'' is a 1934 American comedy film directed by Karl Freund, written by Daniel Evans, Doris Anderson, Edward A. Curtiss, George O'Neil and Don Ryan, and starring Edward Everett Horton, Genevieve Tobin, Paul Cavanagh, Mary Nash, R ...

'' (1934) * ''

I Give My Love ''I Give My Love'' is a 1934 American drama film directed by Karl Freund and written by Doris Anderson and Milton Krims. The film stars Paul Lukas, Wynne Gibson, Eric Linden, Anita Louise, John Darrow and Dorothy Appleby. The film was released on ...

'' (1934) * '' Gift of Gab'' (1934) * ''

'' (1935) As producer * '' Madame Wants No Children'' (1926)

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The Life and Films of Karl Freund, Hollywood Innovator
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freund, Karl 1890 births 1969 deaths 20th-century German people Best Cinematographer Academy Award winners Burials at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery Mass media people from Berlin German emigrants to the United States Horror film directors German people of Czech-Jewish descent People from the Kingdom of Bohemia People from Dvůr Králové nad Labem Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners Desilu Productions

Early life

Early film career

Innovation in Cinematography

American film and television career

''I Love Lucy''

Personal life

Selected filmography

See also

References

External links