Jasło is a
county town
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a county town is the most important town or city in a county. It is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county and the place where the county's members of Parliament are elect ...
in south-eastern
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
with 36,641 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2012.
It is situated in the
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Subcarpathia Province (in pl, Województwo podkarpackie ) is a voivodeship, or province, in the southeastern corner of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów. Along with the Marshall, it is ...
(since 1999), and it was previously part of
Krosno Voivodeship
Krosno Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Subcarpathian Voivodeship (except Biecz Commune which is now a part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship). Its capital cit ...
(1975–1998). It is located in
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a s ...
, in the heartland of the
Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is 320 metres
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''.
The comb ...
, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city. The
Patron Saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, or Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or perso ...
of the city is Saint
Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua ( it, Antonio di Padova) or Anthony of Lisbon ( pt, António/Antônio de Lisboa; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese Catholic Church, Catholic priesthood (Cath ...
.
History
![Fara jaslo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Fara_jaslo.png)
In the early days of Polish statehood, Jasło was part of the
Castellan
A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...
y of
Biecz
Biecz () (german: Beitsch) is a town and municipality in southeastern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Gorlice County. It is in the Carpathian Mountains, in the Doły Jasielsko-Sanockie, by the Ropa River. Due to its rich history, it is oft ...
, out of which ''Biecz County'' emerged in the 14th century. A list of rectories, created for collecting tithes, a church in "Jassel" in
Zręcin
Zręcin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorkówka, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Chorkówka, west of Krosno, and south-west of the regional capita ...
deanery,
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
diocese, is shown in 1328.
[Sulimierski, Filip, Bronisław Chlebowski, and Władysław Walewski. ''Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego I Innych Krajów Słowiańskich: Warszawa 1880-1902''. Translated by William F. "Fred" Hoffman. Warszawa: BUW. Sekcja Dokumentów Wtórnych, 2006. p. 488-490] The area of the future town belonged to a Cistercian Abbey from
Koprzywnica
Koprzywnica is a town in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,546 inhabitants (2004). Koprzywnica lies on the Koprzywianka river, in Lesser Poland. It is one of the oldest urban centers of the province, located along t ...
, and by the mid 13th century, Jasło, known then as ''Jasiel'' or ''Jasiol'', had a
fair
A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks.
Types
Variations of fairs incl ...
of local importance. Together with a number of other locations in
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a s ...
, the village was granted
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
by King
Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He w ...
, on April 23, 1366. In 1368 the king made a transaction with the Cistercian monks - in exchange for the town of
Frysztak
Frysztak ( yi, פֿריסטיק Fristik; german: Freistadt) is a village in the Gmina Frysztak, Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, from Krosno. Frysztak lies in historic Lesser Poland. It is located on a hillock near the river ...
, and the villages of Glinik and Kobyle, Jasło became a
royal town. It already had a parish church, founded before 1325 by King
Władysław I the Elbow-high Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to:
Famous people Mononym
* W ...
. The parish had a school, and in the mid-14th century,
Carmelite
, image =
, caption = Coat of arms of the Carmelites
, abbreviation = OCarm
, formation = Late 12th century
, founder = Early hermits of Mount Carmel
, founding_location = Mount Car ...
brothers came to the town. According to Dlugosz in ''Liber beneficiorum Dioecesis cracoviensis,'' the church that stands today was built by brothers Stanislaw Cielatko (Czelanthco), Sandomierz scholastic'','' and Mikolaj of
Ciołek arms, in 1446. This occurred because the original was destroyed by the Hungarians.
The coats of arms of
Strzemie,
Trąby,
Gryf
Gryf (Polish for " Griffin"), also known as Jaxa, is a Polish coat of arms that was used by many noble families in medieval Poland and later under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, branches of the original medieval Gryfita-Świebodzic fami ...
,
Janina
Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in north-western Greece. According to the 2011 census, the c ...
, and
Pobóg are on the vault of the church, and because of this, the ''Slownik Geograficzny'' suggests these may be noble houses that contributed to the development.
The
Polish Golden Age
The Polish Golden Age was the Renaissance period in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, roughly corresponding to the period of rule of the King Sigismund I the Old and his son, Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the Jagiellonian Dynasty monar ...
was a period of prosperity for both Lesser Poland and Jasło, which belonged to
Kraków Voivodeship Kraków Voivodeship may also refer to:
*Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)
* Kraków Voivodeship (1816–1837)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1945–1975)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998)
The Kraków Voivodeshi ...
of the
. The city was challenged at the start of the period; in 1474, the King of Hungary,
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several mi ...
, burned Jasło in his assault of the foothills of the
Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The ...
.
After this, the town grew, but it never became an important urban location of this part of the country. It had a number of artisans, several fairs and markets. Local merchants traded with both Polish and foreign merchants, mostly from the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
, taking advantage of the vicinity of the border. In 1550,
Joachim Lubomirski
Joachim Lubomirski (died 1610) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic).
Joachim was a courtier in the royal court. He was the starost of Lipnice, Dobczyce and Tymbark. He never married. He died during the war with Muscovy Muscovy is an alternative ...
, a courtier of King
Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund II Augustus ( pl, Zygmunt II August, lt, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler ...
, and his lineage, was given Jasło, after it was converted to a ''
starostwo
Starostwo (literally " eldership") ; be, староства, translit=starostva; german: Starostei is an administrative unit established from the 14th century in the Polish Crown and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the part ...
.''
When referring the details of a 1564 city inspection, the ''Slownik Geograficzny'' described: "Judging by the number of bakers and cobblers, one must conclude that the town was significantly larger than today." This is about the Jasło of around 1902, with 2,962 inhabitants at that later time.
Jasło was given to
Mikołaj Struś
Mikołaj Struś (1577–1627) (Korczak coat of arms) was a Colonel of the Polish Army, a starosta and commandant of the Polish-Lithuanian garrison in the occupied Moscow Kremlin. He was the last known member of the Strus family of Komarow-Osada. H ...
by King
Sigismund III of Poland
Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632
N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...
in 1613. He revived the town and strengthened the prohibition against Jews, "because they hinder the townsmen in trade and buy up all the victuals," as described Strus, according to the ''Slownik Geograficzny.''
![Jasło, pałac Sroczyńskich (HB2)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Jas%C5%82o%2C_pa%C5%82ac_Sroczy%C5%84skich_%28HB2%29.jpg)
Good times ended in the 1650s. In 1655, the town was captured and destroyed by the Swedes (see the
Deluge
A deluge is a large downpour of rain, often a flood.
The Deluge refers to the flood narrative in the Biblical book of Genesis.
Deluge may also refer to:
History
*Deluge (history), the Swedish and Russian invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Comm ...
), in 1657 – by the Transilvanians of
George II Rakoczi
George may refer to:
People
* George (given name)
* George (surname)
* George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George
* George Washington, First President of the United States
* George W. Bush, 43rd President ...
, and in the first years of the 18th century - again by Swedish troops of King
Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of t ...
(see
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedi ...
). Additionally, destructive fires occurred in Jasło in 1683, 1755, and 1826, which likely slowed development of the city.
The town was destroyed once again by the Russians during the
Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation ( pl, Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now part of Ukraine) in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish ...
.
Adam Tarlo became the
starosta
The starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', german: link=no, Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. Th ...
of Jasło in 1733, and Jedrzej Moszczenski was the next starosta to take office.
The starosta lived in a castle in
Krajowice
Krajowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołaczyce, within Jasło County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Kołaczyce, north-west of Jasło, and south-west of the regional ...
, since Jasło had no walls or castle; no traditional castle ruins exist in Jaslo.
A monastery and church of the Carmelites also existed in Jasło. The ''Slownik Geograficzny'' suggests that it was probably founded before 1437. A well, which
St. Wojciech supposedly blessed while traveling from Hungary, existed in the church, which drew pilgrims to the town. The monastery was changed to an office for the ''starosta in 1786,'' the well cannot be found today.
In 1772, after the
First Partition of Poland, Jasło was annexed by
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
, and made part of
Galicia. In 1790, the town became the seat of a district, which had been moved here from
Dukla
Dukla is a town and an eponymous municipality in southeastern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,017. The total area of the commune is . Dukla belongs to Lesser Poland, and until the P ...
. Several
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
civil servants came here, and office buildings, with a new town hall, courthouse, prison and schools were built. Several houses in the market square burned in the 1826 fire, which resulted in a construction boom, and in early 1846, farmers from villages around Jasło took part in the
Galician peasant revolt. On June 12, 1846, the Galician riots bred a wave of anti-Jewish riots, which swept through the city, injuring and destroying the property of many of the native Jews. Very close to Jasło, the spirit refinery of Jacob Frant was burnt down. Fire-fighting utilities were ordered not to extinguish the fires by the district captain that arrived at the scene, and other authorities did not intervene. The city and surrounding villages were reported to contain six thousand inhabitants at this time, and a quarter of that population was Jewish, according to the special correspondent of The Jewish World newspaper at the time. One of the clerics that mobilized the peasantry in the following 1848 anti-Austrian rising was Father Karol Szlegal from near Jasło.
![Łukasiewicz-tablica](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/%C5%81ukasiewicz-tablica.JPG)
Between 1840 and 1849, the city maintained a population of about 1950 individuals, according to census data included in the ''Dictionary of Geography''. In 1858,
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land o ...
, a world-renowned inventor, moved to Jasło. Due to his pioneering work, an oil well was constructed in
Niegłowice near Jasło (1889–1890). Near Jasło and the nearby town of
Krosno
Krosno (in full ''The Royal Free City of Krosno'', pl, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno) is a historical town and Krosno County, county in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. The estimated population of the town is 47,140 inha ...
, other crude-oil refineries were established in the mid-late 1800s. At approximately same time, a rail line from
Stróże to
Zagórz
Zagórz ( uk, Загі́р'я; german: Sagor) is a town in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, on the river Osława in the Bukowsko Upland mountains, located south-east of Sanok on the way to Ustrzyki Dolne, distance. The neare ...
was constructed (1872-1884), with additional connection from Jasło to
Rzeszów
Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Vo ...
opened in 1890. "The Parish of Christ's Crucifixion,” which resides at the cemetery, was established in 1862.
In 1860, the Austrian Imperial administration again declared the right for Jews to live inside the confines of Jasło. Afterwards, the
Jewish population
As of 2020, the world's "core" Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewis ...
rapidly increased, ingraining itself in the financial and commercial sectors of the city and nearby areas.
![RadaPowiatowa Jaslo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/RadaPowiatowa_Jaslo.jpg)
In the early 20th century, the population of Jasło was 10,000. The town was well-kept and clean, a power plant was built in 1897, then a municipal park was opened, and in September 1900, Jasło was visited by Emperor
Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...
of Austria. Between 1880 and 1902, agriculture and cloth manufacturing were the common main occupations in the area around the city.
Around 1910, the priest Kisevsky and his six gendarmes persecuted Eastern Orthodox peasants by fining them on trivial pretexts, and many were taken to the court in Jasło to receive their sentences. A Jewish lawyer represented the Orthodox peasants, and described that the Jews in the area were not persecuted for handling lit candles openly, for which the Orthodox peasants were fined. The Ukrainian national group known as the
Prosvita (Enlightenment) Society developed affiliates in Jasło between 1893 and 1903. By 1914, the Society spread to 22
Lemko
Lemkos ( rue, Лeмкы, translit= Lemkŷ; pl, Łemkowie; uk, Лемки, translit=Lemky) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Lemko Region ( rue, Лемковина, translit=Lemkovyna; uk, Лемківщина, translit=Lemkivshchyna) of Car ...
villages, and promoted Ukrainian national ideology, identity, and language. Several
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
battles took place in the area of Jasło, but the town itself was not destroyed. The city was taken behind the Russian front. Railroads ran from
Sanok
Sanok (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — pl, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, rue, Санок, ''Sanok'', ua, Cянік, ''Sianik'', la, Sanocum, yi, סאניק, ''Sonik'') is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of south-eastern ...
to Jasło and from Jasło to
Przemysl, which the occupying Russian forces relied on for transportation of food, munitions, and troops through the front. In May 1915, in the
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive
The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensiv ...
, Russian forces were pushed back by the Germans, who entered Jasło on May 6, 1915, at 22:30. Prussian commander
August von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig Friedrich August von Mackensen (born Mackensen; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), ennobled as "von Mackensen" in 1899, was a German field marshal. He commanded successfully during World War I of 1914–1918 and became one of the ...
moved his headquarters to Jasło the following morning, after the line was pushed back several miles beyond the city. Following the war, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the town.
In the
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...
, Jasło was the seat of a county in
Kraków Voivodeship Kraków Voivodeship may also refer to:
*Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)
* Kraków Voivodeship (1816–1837)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1945–1975)
*Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998)
The Kraków Voivodeshi ...
. For most part of the
interwar period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...
, unemployment and poverty were prevalent, and the situation began slowly to improve in the late 1930s, after creation of the
Central Industrial Region. In 1937, ''Gamrat'' chemical plant was opened, but all efforts were destroyed in the German
invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
, which started
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
in September 1939.
![Jaslo mickiewicza (gamrat) - tablica pamiatkowa dla AK](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Jaslo_mickiewicza_%28gamrat%29_-_tablica_pamiatkowa_dla_AK.JPG)
Under
German occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
Jasło belonged to the
General Government
The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
, and was an important center of the
Polish resistance movement. At the turn of 1939 and 1940, 93 Poles who tried to cross the border to find refuge in
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
were imprisoned by the Germans in Jasło, and then massacred in the nearby village of
Sieklówka (see ''
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, consisted of the murder of ...
''). 27 Poles born in Jasło, as well as other Poles who lived or studied in the town, were murdered by the Russians in the large
Katyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, "Katyń crime"; russian: link=yes, Катынская резня ''Katynskaya reznya'', "Katyn massacre", or russian: link=no, Катынский расстрел, ''Katynsky rasstrel'', "Katyn execution" was a series of m ...
in April–May 1940. In the night of August 5/6, 1943, the
Kedyw
''Kedyw'' (, partial acronym of ''Kierownictwo Dywersji'' ("Directorate of Diversion") was a Polish World War II Home Army unit that conducted active and passive sabotage, propaganda and armed operations against Nazi German forces and collaborato ...
carried out a successful attack on the local prison. Poles who
rescued Jews from the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
, were tied up with Jews by the Germans and deported with them. In September and October 1944, after the Soviet–German frontline was established, and remained unchanged for several months, the Germans began expulsion of all inhabitants of Jasło, as the town was located on the front line. In the late autumn of 1944,
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
units burned the whole town, as the occupying German administration ordered the town to be destroyed, and as a result, 90% of Jasło was destroyed. It was one of the most destroyed Polish towns. In January 1945, only 365 people dwelled among the ruins of the town.
Etymology
The name derives from Old Polish common word for the "manger" or "trough
rof which sounded "jasło" < *jesło (before the
Lechitic umlaut). Plausibly, it comes from the Slavonic verb "to eat" - "jeść" < *jesti. The Modern Polish equivalent is "żłób" or more seldom "koryto" and the word "jasło" is forgotten in this meaning. The Germanized version was ''Jassel'' or ''Jessel'' which appeared in 1325.
[prof. Maria Malec. Słownik nazw geograficznych Polski. 2003. WN PWN. 2007. ]
Transport
Jasło is an important
railroad junction
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...
of southeastern Poland, with trains going into three directions - eastwards (to
Zagórz
Zagórz ( uk, Загі́р'я; german: Sagor) is a town in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, on the river Osława in the Bukowsko Upland mountains, located south-east of Sanok on the way to Ustrzyki Dolne, distance. The neare ...
), westwards (to
Stróże) and northeast, to
Rzeszów
Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Vo ...
. Another line, along the
Wisłoka
The Wisłoka is a river in south-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula river, with a length of and a basin area of . The highest elevations reach an elevation of , while the lowest point in the valley of the river Wisłoka lies at an ele ...
to
Dębica
Dębica (; yi, דעמביץ ''Dembitz'') is a town in southeastern Poland with 44,692 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Dębica County. Since 1999 it has been situated in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship; it had previously been in ...
, was planned in the interebellum period. Construction on it began in 1938, but it was never completed because of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
.
Education
![Ekonomik 4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Ekonomik_4.jpg)
*
Podkarpacka Szkoła Wyższa
Sports
→Jasło is home to a sports club
Czarni Jasło Czarni, means "The Blacks" in the Polish language, and is a name commonly given to Polish sports teams, including:
*Czarni Dęblin, men's association football club
*Czarni Jasło, men's association football club
*Czarni Lwów, men's association foo ...
, founded in 1910.
→Polish Folk Dance
Churches of Jasło
![Jaslo-swieci](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Jaslo-swieci.jpg)
Jasło has a population that includes Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics, non-Catholics (mostly Protestants), and a small Jewish population. However, it is mainly Roman Catholic, and contains 9 Catholic Churches.
* Św. Antoniego Padewskiego
* Chrystusa Króla
* Dobrego Pasterza
* Matki Bożej Królowej Świata
* Miłosierdzia Bożego
* Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa
* Świętego Stanisława
* Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny
* Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej
Notable people
![02017 0504 Michal Szpak , Bielsko-Biala](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/02017_0504_Michal_Szpak_%2C_Bielsko-Biala.jpg)
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Henryk Dobrzański
Major Henryk Dobrzański (22 June 1897 – 30 April 1940) was a Polish soldier, sportsman and partisan. He fought in the Polish Legions in World War I, Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918, the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919-1921 and the Polish Sept ...
(1897–1940) – soldier
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Piotr Feliks
Piotr Feliks (11 June 1883 in Bierówka near Jasło – 3 or 12 August 1941) was a Polish political, social and education activist.
He was imprisoned and murdered during the Second World War at Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz co ...
(1883–1941) – activist
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Cezary Geroń
Cezary Geroń (1960–1998) was a Polish poet, journalist, translator and teacher. Born on 28 July 1960 in Jasło, he graduated from a local college in nearby Krosno. Afterwards he moved to Kraków, where he joined the Faculty of French Studies. He ...
(1960–1998) – poet
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Yoel Halpern
, honorific-suffix =
, title = Rabbi of Jasło
, image = Yhalpern.jpeg
, caption =
, synagogue =
, synagogueposition =
, yeshiva =
, yeshivaposition =
, ...
(1904-1983) - rabbi
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Karol Irzykowski
Karol Irzykowski (23 January 1873 – 2 November 1944) was a Polish writer, literary critic, film theoretician, and chess player. Between 1933–1939 in the Second Polish Republic he was a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature f ...
(1873–1944) – writer and critic
*
Piotr Jaroszewicz
Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz (; 8 October 1909 – 1 September 1992) was a post World War II Polish political figure. He served as the Prime Minister of Poland between 1970 and 1980. After he was forced out of office he lived quietly in a suburb of Wa ...
(1909–1992) – politician
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Ralph Kaminski
Rafał Stanisław Kamiński (born November 8, 1990), known professionally as Ralph Kaminski, is a Polish singer-songwriter experimenting with musical styles, including alternative pop and chamber music. He is the recipient of the Grzegorz Cie ...
(born 1990) – pop singer
*
Tadeusz Klimecki
Tadeusz Klimecki (November 23, 1895July 4, 1943) – Brigadier General of the Polish Army, Chief of Polish General Staff.
Early life and service in the Imperial and Royal Army
Tadeusz Klimecki was born in Tarnów, Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empi ...
(1895–1943) – soldier and political aide
*
Janusz Kołodziej (born 1959) – politician
*
Cecilia Krieger
Cypra Cecilia Krieger-Dunaij (9 April 1894 – 17 August 1974) was an Austro-Hungarian (more specifically, Galician)-born mathematician of Jewish ancestry who lived and worked in Canada.
Krieger was the third person (and first woman) to earn a P ...
(1894–1974) – Austro-Hungarian mathematician
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Ignacy Kruszewski
Ignacy Marceli Kruszewski ( Lusławice, 6 January 1799 - 25 December 1879, Gogołów, near Jasło) was a Polish military leader.
Life
Kruszewski participated as a colonel in the November 1830 Uprising as aide-de-camp to General Józef Grzegor ...
(1799–1879) – military leader
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Elżbieta Łukacijewska (born 1966) – politician
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Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land o ...
(1822–1882) – inventor, pharmacist, businessman, philanthropist, pioneer of the oil industry
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Karol Myśliwiec
Karol Myśliwiec (born 3 November 1943) is a Polish egyptologist, known for his ongoing efforts at Saqqara to discover the tomb of Imhotep.
Career
Karol Myśliwiec studied Mediterranean archeology at Warsaw University under Kazimierz Michałowski ...
(born 1942) – archeologist
*
Sławomir Peszko
Sławomir Konrad Peszko (; born 19 February 1985) is a Polish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Wieczysta Kraków.
Peszko has won championships and cup competitions in his native Poland with Wisła Płock, Lech Poznań and Lechia Gdańsk. ...
(born 1985) – footballer
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Hugo Steinhaus
Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus ( ; ; January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the Jan Kazimierz Unive ...
(1887–1972) – Jewish-Polish mathematician
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Michał Szpak
Michał Szpak (born 26 November 1990) is a Polish singer who found fame on the inaugural season of the Polish ''X Factor'' in 2011. On 12 May 2016, Szpak represented Poland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with the song ...
(born 1990) – singer
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Adam Tarło
Adam Tarło (1713–1744) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic).
Biography
Tarło was voivode of Lublin Voivodeship since 1736 and starost of Jasło.
During the War of Polish Succession (1734-1738) he supported Stanisław I Leszczyński and was co ...
(1713–1744) – nobleman
*
Jan Tarło Jan Tarło may refer to the following Polish noblemen:
* Jan Tarło (d. 1550), standard-bearer of Lwów
* Jan Tarło (d. 1572), cup-bearer of the Crown, starost of Pilzno
* Jan Tarło (1527–1587), voivode of Lublin, starost of Łomża and Pilzno
* ...
(1684–1750) – nobleman
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Roksana Węgiel
Roksana Emilia Węgiel (; born 11 January 2005), also known as Roxie, is a Polish singer who rose to fame in her native country after winning season one of the Polish version of ''The Voice Kids'' in 2018. She represented Poland in the Junior Eur ...
(born 2005) – singer (Winner of
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 was the sixteenth edition of the annual Junior Eurovision Song Contest, organised by the Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). It took place in the Belaru ...
)
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Paweł Zagumny
Paweł Zagumny (born 18 October 1977) is a Polish former professional volleyball player. He was a member of the Poland men's national volleyball team, Poland national team in 1996–2014. A participant at the Olympic Games (1996 Summer Olympics, ...
(born 1977) – volleyball player
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Jerzy Żuławski
Jerzy Żuławski (; 14 July 1874 – 9 August 1915) was a Polish literary figure, philosopher, translator, alpinist and patriot whose best-known work is the science-fiction epic, '' Trylogia Księżycowa'' (''The Lunar Trilogy''), written be ...
(1874–1915) – writer
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Zyndram of Maszkowice
Zyndram z Maszkowic (''Zyndram of Maszkowice'', c. 1355 – c. 1414) was a Polish 14th and 15th century knight. His coat of arms was Słońce.
Zyndram was first mentioned in 1388 as a mayor of Jasło. He bought the post from a certain Ja ...
(1355–1414) – Polish knight
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Jasło is
twinned with:
[']
See also
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Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or ''Taubdeutsche'' – "Deaf Germans"; pl, Głuchoniemcy – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of German-speaking people, originally used in the 16th century for two language islands around Łańcut an ...
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History of the Jews of Jaslo
References
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*
;Notes
External links
Official Site of Jasło
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History of the Jews of Jaslo
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaslo
Cities and towns in Podkarpackie Voivodeship
12th-century establishments in Poland
Jasło County
Lesser Poland
Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)