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International Flavors & Fragrances is an American corporation that produces flavors, fragrances, and cosmetic actives, which it markets globally. It is headquartered in New York City and has creative, sales, and manufacturing facilities in 44 different countries. The company is a member of the
S&P 500 The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of ...
Index.


History

International Flavors & Fragrances was formed in 1958 by the merger between Polak & Schwarz (P&S) and van Ameringen-Haebler. Polak & Schwarz was founded in 1889 by Leopold Schwarz, who had an interest in spices, flavors, and fragrances, and his brother-in-law, Joseph Polak in the small
Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...
town of
Zutphen Zutphen () is a city and municipality located in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands. It lies some 30 km northeast of Arnhem, on the eastern bank of the river Ijssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel. First mentioned in th ...
. P&S quickly grew to 36 sites globally. Arnold Louis (A.L.) van Ameringen was hired by Polak & Schwarz to open P&S's US office in 1917 before losing his job with them. Relieved of his duties, he opened van Ameringen & Co. at 13 Gold Street in Manhattan, took over Morana, Inc. in 1920, and became van Ameringen-Haebler (VAH) in 1929. Constant Cornelis (Cook) Brummer was a director at Polak & Schwarz during World War II. Because he saved hundreds of Jewish workers lives, he is compared to
Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler (; 28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, humanitarian and a member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ...
. He was recognized by Israel as
Righteous Among the Nations Righteous Among the Nations ( he, חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, ; "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to sa ...
in January 2017, for risking his own life to save others from the Nazis. The two companies did well through the bulk of the 20th century, despite difficulties for P&S during World War II. While both companies managed flavors and fragrances, Polak & Schwarz had particular strengths in flavors and van Ameringen-Haebler built a powerful reputation in fragrances. In 1958, the two companies announced their merger to become International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. IFF was listed on the
New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed ...
in 1964. It was cross listed to the Euronext Paris Market in 2015, becoming the first US-listed company to make use of Euronext Paris Fast Path process. In 1968, in conjunction with the Monell Foundation, IFF established the
Monell Chemical Senses Center The Monell Chemical Senses Center is a non-profit independent scientific institute located at the University City Science Center campus in Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania. Monell conducts and publishes interdisciplinary basic research on taste, sme ...
, dedicated to the research of taste and smell. In 1985, Dr. Braja D. Mookherjee, a scientist at IFF, pioneered Living Flower technology, which changed the way perfumes are created. In 1990, IFF broke ground in their R&D facility located in Union Beach, NJ, to develop its 5,000-square-foot greenhouse and botanical garden, which can maintain tropical and subtropical temperature zones for more than 1,300 varieties of exotic plants. It is home to a miniature rose called "Overnight Scentsation" (also known as the "Space Rose") which was cultivated for experiments in space and left the Earth during a 10-day flight on board the shuttle
Discovery Discovery may refer to: * Discovery (observation), observing or finding something unknown * Discovery (fiction), a character's learning something unknown * Discovery (law), a process in courts of law relating to evidence Discovery, The Discover ...
(STS-95) in 1998. Low gravity critically altered the fragrance of the rose, which was later commercialized by IFF and Shiseido. Henry G. Walter, Jr., former IFF Chairman, 1962–1985, was a noted philanthropist and prolific writer, who pioneered the field of
aromatherapy Aromatherapy is based on the usage of aromatic materials including essential oils and other aroma compounds, with claims for improving psychological and physical well-being. It is offered as a complementary therapy or as a form of alternative ...
. He is considered one of the most influential people in the Industry. It has been speculated that he inspired some of the storylines and characters in the book
Masters of Sex ''Masters of Sex'' is an American period drama television series that premiered on September 29, 2013, on Showtime. It was developed by Michelle Ashford and loosely based on Thomas Maier's biography '' Masters of Sex''. Set in the 1950s through ...
by Thomas Maier, as well as the Showtime series by the same the name. During World War II, his wife, Rosalind (Palmer) Walter worked on the night shift as a riveter on the Corsair, the F4U Marine gull-winged, fighter airplane, inspiring the song "Rosie the Riveter." In 2000, IFF acquired Laboratoire Monique Rémy based in Grasse, France and forms IFF LMR Naturals, strengthening its position in the development and use of raw materials, natural ingredients for fragrances and flavors. In 2000, IFF acquired Bush Boake Allen with its complementary products, technologies, and presence in key markets, making IFF the largest flavor and fragrance house in the world for several years. In 2014, IFF acquired Aromor Flavors and Fragrances Ltd., a privately held manufacturer and marketer of complex specialty ingredients that are used in fragrances and flavors based in Israel in Kibbutz Givat Oz. In 2015, IFF announced that it completed the acquisition of Ottens Flavors. This was followed in 2016 with the acquisition of David Michael & Company. Using this merger as a catalyst, they have since launched Tastepoint by IFF to serve dynamic middle-tier customers. In 2015, IFF acquired
Lucas Meyer Cosmetics Lucas or LUCAS may refer to: People * Lucas (surname) * Lucas (given name) Arts and entertainment * Luca Family Singers, also known as "lucas ligner en torsk" * ''Lucas'' (album) (2007), an album by Skeletons and the Kings of All Cities * ''L ...
, a cosmetic actives firm based in Canada that develops, manufactures and markets innovative ingredients for the cosmetic and personal care industry. IFF has creative, sales, and manufacturing facilities in 44 different countries and is a member of the S&P 500 Index. IFF is a $10.8 billion market capital company with a global footprint that generated over 75 percent of its 2016 sales outside the United States and 51 percent in the emerging markets. In 2014, the Company celebrated its 125th anniversary year, from the founding of Polak & Schwarz on January 27, 1889 in Zutphen, Netherlands, to the 1958 merger with van Ameringen-Haebler to form IFF. IFF is ranked among Forbes Best Employers. On May 8, 2018, IFF acquired the Israeli company
Frutarom Frutarom Industries Ltd. ( he, פרוטרום תעשיות בע"מ) is an Israeli-based company that specializes in the production and distribution of extracts for flavor and fragrance. In 2015 it had sales of over $872 million. Shares of the c ...
for $7.1 Billion. Between 2016 and 2018,
Kirsten Kirsten is both a given name and a surname. Given name Kirsten is a female given name. It is a Scandinavian form of the names Christina and Christine.Finn and Jorn Rausing became the top shareholders of IFF, having bought nearly 20% of the shares via entities in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
and
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarch ...
. In 2019, IFF announced the merger of IFF and DuPont’s Nutrition & Biosciences (N&B) business in a
Reverse Morris Trust A Reverse Morris Trust in United States law is a transaction that combines a divisive reorganization (spin-off) with an acquisitive reorganization ( statutory merger) to allow a tax-free transfer (in the guise of a merger) of a subsidiary. It may b ...
transaction. The deal values the combined company at $45.4 billion on an enterprise value basis, reflecting a value of $26.2 billion for the N&B business based on IFF’s share price as of December 13, 2019.


Environmental Record

IFF published its first external sustainability report: Sustainability: The Essence of IFF in 2011. In 2012, IFF adopted the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry as an important differentiator in product design and development. In 2014, IFF opened a 4,000 kilowatt Photovoltaic Solar Installation in New Jersey, which supplies approximately 40 percent of the electricity needs of its Hazlet, NJ fragrances manufacturing and creative center facilities. It has more than 16,000 modules and approximately 1 million solar cells covering 20 acres of IFF property, making IFF a leader in renewable energy in its sector. In 2015, IFF achieved LEED Silver Certification for its Flavors Creative Center in Indonesia and achieved Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) Supply Chain Certification for its facilities in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In 2015, Coca-Cola, FUJIFILM, International Flavors and Fragrances, Agristo, Cofely and Water Board De Dommel opened a collective waste water treatment plant on the premises of FUJIFILM in Tilburg, Netherlands. The waste water treatment plant can process about 10 million litre per day or more than 3.5 billion litre waste water per year. The plant has a low level of energy consumption and implements the latest technology in the field of water treatment. After treatment, the waste water is discharged as clean water into the Wilhelmina Canal, making it available for reuse by the four companies, or for another sustainable use in the Tilburg region. In 2016, IFF was awarded a place on the CDP Climate "A" List for the 2nd year in a row and achieved a 7% year-over-year reduction in GHG emissions intensity. IFF also became the first flavors and fragrances company to join Together for Sustainability (TfS), driving responsible sourcing throughout their supply chain. In 2016, IFF deployed the industry's first-ever on-site wind turbine at its Tilburg, Netherlands manufacturing facility. It has an output of 2.4 megawatts, producing approximately 6.5 million kWh of renewable electricity per year, which provides up to 30 percent of the site's electricity needs, and when combined with purchased green electricity the facility is powered by 100 percent renewable electricity. In 2016, IFF released the First-Ever Cradle to Cradle Certified™ Fragrance: PuraVita™. Designed through a mindset of sustainability the fragrance earned IFF a Platinum level Material Health Certificate. In 2016, IFF and Unilever launched the Vetiver Together Partnership to Improve the Lives of Vetiver Farming Communities in Haiti and strengthen the supply chain. The project is supported by the Enhancing Livelihoods Fund – a partnership between
Unilever Unilever plc is a British multinational consumer goods company with headquarters in London, England. Unilever products include food, condiments, bottled water, baby food, soft drink, ice cream, instant coffee, cleaning agents, energy dri ...
, Oxfam Great Britain, and the
Ford Foundation The Ford Foundation is an American private foundation with the stated goal of advancing human welfare. Created in 1936 by Edsel Ford and his father Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford. By 1947, after the death ...
and is being implemented by
Heifer International Heifer International (also known as Heifer Project International) is a global nonprofit working to eradicate poverty and hunger through sustainable, values-based holistic community development. Heifer International distributes animals, along wit ...
in Haiti. IFF is rated gold by EcoVadis for sustainability, which ranks it as a top supplier and partner. In 2017, IFF, headquartered in Manhattan, New York City, joined the We Are Still In network demonstrating America's enduring commitment to tackling climate change, ensuring a clean energy future, and upholding the Paris Agreement. IFF announced that it joined the
American Business Act on Climate Pledge American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...
in 2015. In 2017, International Flavors & Fragrances’
South Brunswick, New Jersey South Brunswick is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The township is centrally located within the Raritan Valley region and is an outer-ring suburb of New York City in the New York metropolitan area. As of th2020 Uni ...
facility earned GreenCircle Certified LLC Zero Waste to Landfill facility status, making it the only facility of its kind in the flavor and fragrance industry to achieve GreenCircle's zero waste status. IFF was recognized as one of the top green companies in the U.S. in the 2016 Newsweek Green Rankings and named on Barron's 100 Most Sustainable Companies List in 2018.


Partnerships

In 2001, IFF collaborated with the Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW) at the Raymond-Poincaré hospital in Garches, France to develop Olfactotherapy, based on the link between smells and memories, which is now used in several hospitals to help patients with brain injuries, stroke victims and Alzheimer's patients with memory impairment or of language. In 2016, IFF joined the Well Living Lab as a Sustaining Alliance Member. The Well Living Lab is a collaboration of the Mayo Clinic and Delos Innovate Well that is seeking to, among other things, study indoor environments and create healthier indoor spaces. In 2017, IFF Lucas Meyer Cosmetics invested in Bio ForeXtra to expand its raw material access. IFF is a member of the
European Flavour Association European Flavour Association (EFFA) is a non-profit European-level trade association of the flavor industry, based in Brussels, Belgium. Founded in 1961, the organisation originally focused on both flavours and fragrances, but has focused solely o ...
.


Controversy

IFF has been involved in several lawsuits relating to cases of bronchiolitis obliterans allegedly resulting from exposure to
diacetyl Diacetyl (IUPAC systematic name: butanedione or butane-2,3-dione) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CO)2. It is a yellow liquid with an intensely buttery flavor. It is a vicinal diketone (two C=O groups, side-by-side). Diacet ...
in butter flavorings by workers at the Gilster-Mary Lee popcorn plant in
Jasper, Missouri Jasper is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population within the city limits was 931 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geography Jasper is located one mile south of the Ba ...
. The plaintiffs claim the manufacturers knew about the dangers of the butter flavoring used in the popcorn factory but failed to give a warning. The defendants said they were unaware of the risk and suggested there was not enough evidence to prove their product had caused the disease. Several suits have already been settled amounting to almost $53 million in damages.


CEOs

* Frank Clyburn: 2022-Present * Andreas Fibig: 2014–2022 * Doug Tough: 2010–2014 * Robert Amen: 2006–2009.


See also

*
Firmenich Firmenich SA is a private Swiss company in the fragrance and flavor business. It is the largest privately owned company in the field and ranks number two worldwide. Firmenich has created perfumes for over 125 years and produced a number of well-k ...
* Takasago * Symrise *
Givaudan Givaudan () is a Swiss multinational manufacturer of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients. As of 2008, it is the world's largest company in the flavour and fragrance industries. Overview The company's scents and flavours are de ...
*
Frutarom Frutarom Industries Ltd. ( he, פרוטרום תעשיות בע"מ) is an Israeli-based company that specializes in the production and distribution of extracts for flavor and fragrance. In 2015 it had sales of over $872 million. Shares of the c ...


References


External links

*
The World of Smell: An Inside Tour of the World's Largest Perfume Lab
''Time'' magazine, 2007 {{DEFAULTSORT:International Flavors and Fragrances Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Chemical companies of the United States Chemical companies established in 1958 1958 establishments in the United States